insight advanced workbook

I didn’texpectidentify somany people, but by thetime I have finished, wedocument eight generations.6 Inever / feel sentimental aboutobjects, even thingsthatbe in myfamily foryears.2 Wri

OXFORD

UNIVERSITY PRESS

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, 0X2 6DP, United Kingdom

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford

It furthers the Universit/s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,

and education by publishing worldwide Oxford is a registered trade

mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries

© Oxford University Press 2023

The moral rights of the author have been asserted

First published in 2023

2027 2026 2025 2024 2023

10 987654321

No unauthorized photocopying

All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored

in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without

the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly

permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate

reprographics rights organization Enquiries concerning reproduction

outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department,

Oxford University Press, at the address above

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose

this same condition on any acquirer

Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for

information only Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials

contained in any third party website referenced in this work

Sources: p.21 https://sleeppod.org.uk/; p.37 www.mariorigby.com; p.52

https://www.leeds-art.ac.uk/; p.53 ‘Jon Sarkin: When Brain Injuries Transform Into Art' Fresh Air, www.npr.org; p.63 https://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/; p.68 'Nursing mother smashes 268-mile Montane Spine Race record' by Angie Brown, BBC News, Jan 2019; p.72 'If you want to be a CEO later, play sports now' byAbigailjohnson Hess,Jan 2017, www.cnbc.com; pp.80-81 Text includes factual information from the following sources: 'Henrietta Lacks:

the mother of modern medicine' byJoanna Moorhead, The Guardian, 2010;

'Henrietta Lacks: How Her Cells Became One of the Most Important Medical Tools in History by Rebecca Skloot, April 2017, www.History.com

Printed and bound in Portugal by Grafica Maiadouro

This book is printed on paper from certified and well-managed sources

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The publisher would like to thank the following for their permission to reproduce

photographs: agefotostock (© Zoonar.com/Figurniy Sergey); Alamy Stock

Photo (Aflo Co Ltd., agefotostock, ART Collection, Artokoloro, Atlaspix,

baris karadeniz, catwalkphotos, clynt Garnham Agriculture, Donald Cooper,

Emmanuel Rondeau, Everett Collection Historical, Everett Collection Inc, Gallo

Images, Hemis, Historic Collection, Imagebroker, incamerastock, Jennika/

Stockimo, Keystone Press, Moviestore Collection Ltd, Old Paper Studios, PA

Images, Photo 12, Photo Resource Hawaii, PhotoStock-lsrael, Pictorial Press

Ltd, Realy Easy Star, Science History Images, Science Photo Library, Stan

Pritchard, Stephen Bay, Tetra Images, LLC, United Archives GmbH, Vindice,

World History Archive); Getty Images (xavierarnau, IStockphoto, MediaNews

Group RM, Radio Times, Stone RF, The Image Bank RF, Toronto Star);

Shutterstock (AlexLMX, Andrey Armyagov, Anton Gvozdikov, Anton_lvanov,

Balate Dorin, bbernard, BearFotos, Billion Photos, Daniel Andis, Daniel Fung,

Daniel M Ernst, Dima Zel, Dragana Gordie, Elena Elisseeva, ETAJOE, flower

travelin man, Frontpage, Gorodenkoff, Image Source Trading Ltd, iurii,

Ivanko80, James Kirkikis, Jen Helton, josehidalgo87,joshimerbin, Kamira,

Łukasz Paweł Szczepański, Mindscape studio, Monkey Business Images,

Mykola Mazuryk, NDAB Creativity, Olena Chukhil, Pop Paul-Catalin, Prostock­

studio, Robert Kneschke, Romanova Natali, S-F, Timothy Hodgkinson, Vadim

Sadovski, Yulia YasPe)

The authors and publisher are grateful to those who have given permission to

reproduce the following extracts and adaptations of copyright material: p.7

two poems from Lai, Him Mark, Genny Lim, and Judy Yung, eds Island:

Poetry and History of Chinese Immigrants on Angel Island, 1910-1940, Second

Edition, pp.50 and 5, © 2014 Reprinted with permission of the University

of Washington Press; p.31 Adapted from 'Huge survey reveals seven social

classes in UK', BBC News, April 2013 Reproduced by permission; pp.16-17

Extract from Summer at the Kindness Cafe by Victoria Walters, Copyright

© Victoria Walters 2019 Published by arrangement with Simon 8< Schuster

UK Ltd, 1st Floor, 222 Gra/s Inn Road, London, WC1X8HB; p.105 Extract from

Oxford Bookworms Library, Level 6: The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins,

retold by Richard G Lewis, © Oxford University Press 2008 Reproduced by

permission; p.107 Extract from Oxford Bookworms Library, Level 6: Vanity

Fair by William Thackeray, retold by Diane Mowat, © Oxford University Press

2008 Reproduced by permission; p.108 Extract from Oxford Bookworms

Library, Level 6: Tess of the d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy, retold by Clare

West, © Oxford University Press 2008 Reproduced by permission

Listening,vocabulary and speaking p6: Belonging andalienation;

Separation; Making predictions

Vocabularyand grammar p7:LiterarydevicesReadingp8:Living abroad: a character-changing experience

Writing plO: An email to a newspaperAssess your progresspll

2

Crime and

Vocabulary pl2:Adjective patterns;Behaviour: conformityandnonconformity; Describing reactions

Grammar pl3:Narrative tenses; Uses of would

Listening, vocabulary and speakingp!4: Verb and noun suffixes; Crimeandjustice; Paraphrasing and reformulating

Vocabulary andgrammar pl5: Narrative elementsReadingpl6, pl7: Summer at the Kindness Cafe, World Kindness Day

Grammar p21: The passive; Passivestructureswithhave andget

Listening, vocabulary and speaking p22: Collocations: advertising;

Retail; Discussingadvantages and disadvantages

Vocabularyand grammarp23: Describing trendsReadingp24,p25: City of immigrants, The Road to Wigan Pier

Writing p26: An articleAssess your progress p27

4

Brainwaves

Vocabulary p28: Idioms and expressions withbrain-, Lexical twins;

MemoryGrammar p29: Verb patterns;The infinitiveand -ing form:continuous, perfect and passive

Listening, vocabulary and speaking p30:Adjectives describingintelligence and ability; Abilities and traits; Signposting a presentation

Vocabulary andgrammar p31: Word analysis;ArticlesReading p32: Let ’s hear it for accents

Writing p34:A for-and-againstessay

Listening, vocabulary andspeakingp38: Commonly confused adjectives; Expressing emphasis

Vocabulary andgrammarp39: Nounsformedfrom phrasal verbs; Maps and navigation; Emphaticstructures: inversion

Reading p40: Voyage to the sun

Writing p42: An email ofcomplaintAssessyour progressp43

6

What is love?

Vocabulary p44: Compound adjectives; Defininglove; Head and hear:

metaphorsGrammarp45: Conditionals; Inversion with conditionalsListening, vocabulary and speaking p46: Relationships; The property market; Talking about hypothetical situations

Vocabulary andgrammarp47: ~-e language of -.ar;Uses ofif

Reading p48: Hov deep syo-'iDve'

Writing p50: An op o'-essa

Speculating about possibilities

Vocabularyand grammar p55: Prefix pairs; Building metaphors; Modalverbs: other uses

Reading p56: Why music moves us

Writing p58:AreviewAssess your progress p59

8

The big

Vocabulary p60: Idioms and phrases about cities;Emphatic adjectives;

Social issuesand solutionsGrammar p61: ReportedspeechListening, vocabulary and speaking p62: Idioms: problems and solutions; Discussing and responding tosolutions

Vocabularyandgrammarp63: Word analysis; Social issues: frequently confused words

Reading p64: How to solve any problem

Writingp66:A problem-solution essay

Listening, vocabulary and speaking p70: Nouns +prepositions:

addictions;Medical metaphors;Checking andclarifying

Vocabulary and grammarp71: Idioms: sport; finite clauses

Non-Reading p72: Why sport is better together

Writing p74: AreportAssess your progress p75

10

Back to the

Vocabulary p76: Colour idioms; Lines, shapes and solids;The universeGrammar p77: Distancing facts;It asan introductory subject

Listening, vocabulary andspeaking p78: Euphemisms; Theworkplace;

Soundingconfident or uncertain

Vocabulary and grammarp79: Idiomatic phrases with

end; Adverbial clauses ofmanner andconcession Readingp80:Henrietta Lacks ’ s gift to us all

Writingp82: A discursiveessay

1 Identity crisis

Vocabulary

^Insight ^Idioms with parts of the body _ Vocabulary extra

1 Complete the sentences with idiomatic expressions

formed from the pairs of words below Make any

necessary grammatical changes.

be/hands bone/contention fly/face

get/skin let/face make/bones

1 We can’t agreeaboutwho isgoing to inheritthefarm

It’s still for the family

2 The minister’sargumentseems to

of what the publicactuallywant

3 about it - if we want tosolvethis

problem we need to act, and weneed to actfast

4 Don’t lethernegative comments

She’s just tryingto annoy you

5 It my job.The running ofthe wholesummer

6 , no one wants tobepicked last

for the football team

^Describing change _

3 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap.

1 Max, you oughtto pull your up at schoolifyou want to go to university

2 Herrecovery has been slow, but shereally seems to have

the cornernow healthwise

3 Since Ilost my job,my lifehas been turned down

4 Pleasedecide nowwhat you want to order,and stop

and changing!

5 I thought we had a deal, but then he went and movedthe by suddenlyincreasing the price

4 Complete the text with the phrases below.

altered at hand can evolve get under greatstrideslet’sface it upsidedown was determined

V) Insight1 ^Describing change _

2 Replace the words in italics with the verbs below.

altered enhanced evolve progresses refine

restores substituted transform

You can’t deny that we 1 change and improve

our opinions and ideas as we

experience different things in life Despite this, I can’t

say that who we are is ever 2changed

completely Things like our skills, looks and situation

can all be improved, but this is

superficial And this is a positive thing, because

knowing your real self Ą gives back again

a sense of direction and permanence in your life

If 15 replaced everything that makes

me who I am, I wouldn’t be me!

Camille

In my opinion, identity is fluid By that I mean

people’s personalities ^gradually develop

overtime and are determined by their age, beliefs, work and life situation And so it is quite

possible that you’ll start out with one identity, 7change

because you want to improve yourself, and then go back to some areas of your original

characteristics This is a natural process as someone

:mo.es on through life.

In her book, Pen-Ager Madonna King2 totryandlook atlife through theeyes of a ten-year-old girl.Close

3 to help herin her research were500 year-old girls, 1,600 mums, 400 dads and 100teachers

ten-When I was ten, Iwas alreadytelling myself certain'truths' about myself It would seem I wasn't

power;

I alone.by youngThis self-labelling girls 1 _

into limitations on who theybecomelater in lifeifallowed to

atsportsgenerally Atatime in their liveswhen they could bemaking6, they weren't progressing because

ofalack of confidence They let these comparisonswith others

7 theirskin

The challenge for parents and educators is to encouragegirls toturntheir way of thinking 8 They need to stopsaying, 'I can't ' andstart realising they can Only then will theyallow doors toopen, instead of closing them

5 TASK What does identity mean to you? Discuss the following topics in relation to it.

abilities friendships internal voice personality

Unit 1 Człowiek

The perfect aspect

1 Complete the sentences with the correct perfect

form of the verbs in brackets.

1 (inherit) ourgrandmother’s record

collection, but my brother soldallthe records

I(not forgive) him

2 We(move)arounda lotsince Iwas a

kid(live) in so manydifferent countries,

I can’t see the point ingetting attached to things

3 Onmy 18th birthday, my mother gave mea ring she (

(receive) from her grandmother

I(wear) it every daysince

4 My cousin was hoping(settle) in Australia

by now, butshe(not find) it easy to

integrate

5 Working on ourfamilytreehas been interesting I didn’t

expect(identify) somany people, but by

thetime I have finished, we(document)

eight generations

6 I(never / feel) sentimental aboutobjects,

even thingsthat(be) in myfamily foryears

2 Write sentences using the perfect simple or the

perfect continuous form of the verbs If both forms

are possible, use the continuous.

1 by next summer / we / leave / our village / andwe / live/

inCanada fora wholeyear

2 I / try/ get a visafor months / but /1/ notmanage it /

yet

3 we / trace / our distant cousins/ for yearsand I / already

meet / some relations / on my father’s side

4 we/plan/to movehouse for ages/but now/we/just/

decide / to stay here and extend

5 you/text/yourfriend all morning/and that’swhy/

you / not finish /your schoolwork

Aleida, Holland: Anecklace madeby my grandmother

Have passed it on to me,my mother

made me promise to keep it

Anja, Belgium:Paintings by my grandad.My dad has

been giving me onea year, everyyear

on mybirthday By the timeI’m 21, I’ll

behaving given all of them

5 comments Post a comment C ) Share

4 Read the text Complete each gap with one of the words in the box transformed appropriately to make

a cohesive and logical text Two words are extra and

do not match any of the gaps.

analyse attract familiar nation northorigin see

THE MUONIONALUSTA METEORITE

If you have been to Edinburgh, you may well have visited the1 Museum of Scotland On Level 1, you will have noticed an exhibit which has delighted visitors for a number of years.

Discovered in 2004, the Muonionalusta meteorite is believed to have become detached from a larger mass some 800,000 years ago After2 by scientists, it was discovered to consist of 8.5% nickel and 91.5% iron, making it extremely magnetic Initially, scientists believed that the material the meteorite is made of was unique, but further research has shown that it is similar to the material which forms the

3 Correct one mistake in each post.

rtalkingaboutwhatmatters.org/identity C

What object(s) identify you most? What thing(s)

would you never part with?

Ju, China:Mylaptop, I think My whole life is on there,

soI’m gladIhadn’t ever lost it

Fernando, Barcelona: My football shirt! I’ve been

wearingit to everymatchI’ve been to since I wasa kid

Albert, Hungary:My twin - not a thing, so I hope

that’sallowed! He’s studyingabroad

at the moment Before he left, I haven’t realised how close we were

Earth’s core.

The meteorite is named after the parish in which it was found in3 Sweden Peter Davidson, Senior Curator of Mineralogy at the museum, explained why the museum wants it in their collection: ‘So that visitors can touch a real extra-terrestrial object, feeling both the strangeness and4 of these rocks from outer space.’

This museum is the second most visited5

in the UK outside London in recent years, and usually welcomes almost 2.2 million visitors annually That’s a lot of people who will have seen a meteorite by the end

of the year!

5 TASK Which objects do you think identify your country? Think about artefacts, plants, animals and buildings Give reasons for your answers.

Kultura •Świat przyrody • Znajomość środków językowychSłowotwórstwo Unitl ^

Listening, vocabulary and speaking

v) Insight ^Belonging and alienation _

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the

words in brackets.

1 Theyoungera child is, theeasierthey build

withotherstudents andasense of

totheschool, (associate/ loyal)

2 It’s importantto recognise the first signs of

and in newimmigrantcommunities,(disaffect/marginal)

3 Afterenjoyingan initial with my new

classmates, I started to get signs of from

them, which was upsetting for me.(rapport / reject)

4 Developingan to a new environmentis

essentialinorder to avoid feelings of

(attach /isolate)

Vocabulary extra ~ ^Separation

2 Complete the words with the correct endings.

1 Theexclu of certain groups from the

political process leads tothem feeling invisible

2 My dream is to liveinan isola cottage in

themiddle of nowhere

3 Thepolicy of segre forchildren who

behave badly inschoolis now under review

4 His inability to relate toothers and his

alien manner made formingnew

friendshipsa challenge

5 Themovefrom secondary school to universityproves to

bean isola experience for some students

6 The sports campaign backfired It didlittlemore than

alien loyal customers

Making predictions

3 M»))1.01 Listen to the first two speakers in a meeting

Who is talking and what is the purpose of the

meeting? What is each speaker hoping to achieve?

4 0)1.01 Listen to the whole recording Match the speakers, Hanna (H), Asad (A) and Dan (D), to comments 1-6.

1 I hope that my scheme willeventuallybe run bythepeople of thearea ,

2 My schemeis intended todevelop into along-term project ,

3 I have thought aboutthe equipment that might beneeded

4 I thinkit’s importantthat people with physicalchallengesaren’t excluded

5 I have thought about waysofgetting financialsupport

6 I intend to get studentsfromimmigrant communitiesworking withtheir ownfamily

5 Which speaker uses slightly less formal language than the others? Which of the three ideas do you think is the best? Why?

6 Complete the phrases for making predictions in the dialogue with the words below.

bound certain going imagine likely probability realistic

A So, how shall weset the room up?

B Ithink it quite1 to be crowdedso maybe

we canput some ofthe tables andchairs outside

A Good idea. What aboutif it rains?

B I don’t2 there’s much chance of that, as

I saw the forecast.ButI guess we could use the school marquee in case How abouttheseating inside?

A Well, the stallswill be in the middle, so there’s not

3 tobemuch space

B Youmean peoplewillhave tostand? In all

4, therewillbe afew elderlypeople It’s not5 to expectthem to stand

A Iget your point Maybe we can put a few chairs over there

B Yes, thatwould work And it’s out of the way of the doors.Thatjust leaves the children’sactivities

A I can’t say for6, but we should beable to useone ofthe classrooms for that It will freeupsome morespace inthehall

B OK, I thinkthat’s There’s7 to besomethingwe’veforgotten, but we’vegot ageneral plan

7 TASK Think about how your school, college or university could make different groups of people feel less isolated Make notes on your scheme and prepare

a short presentation about it.

Name / Type of scheme

People involved Equipment / Funding Event(s)

Benefits

Vocabulary and grammar

NMMlttBtfMbiSiMiMiftiMiriteMiiMMiMBtf^HftttiriMitittHMMiftlMBKflBiMiWHMlI

1 Read the two poems about Angel Island on this page

Answer the questions.

1 Where were the writers emigrating from and to?

2 Wherewerethey at the timeofwriting thepoems?

2 Read the poems again Answer the questions Write

A, B or both.

Whichpoem:

1 refers to theneedfor fundingfor their journey?

2 tellsus when they travelled?

3 describesthe emotionof leaving their homeland?

4 tellsusabouttheir expectationson arriving?

5 refers to experiencingcruelty?

6 expresses positivefeelings towardstheir host country?

7 mentions a change of plan?

8 offers a recommendation toothers inthe same

situation?

3 Find words or references in the poems that match

definitions 1-8.

1 sailed

2 not makingmesufferany more

3 make me feel sad

4 the expression on your face

5 the name of aship

6 became unable to speak through emotion

7 strictandunfair

8 cruel treatment

Vj Insight1 ^Literary devices _

4 Match three of these literary devices to the

underlined sections in the two poems.

5 *H02 Listen to another of the Angel Island poems

Answer the questions.

1 How is the theme in this poem different from poems A

and B?

2 Thewriteruses assonanceinthe line below What effect

doesthis have onthe sentence? How does this reflect

the meaning ofthe words?

The days are long and the bottle constantly empty;

6 TASK In small groups, discuss:

how youwould feel leaving your country forAmerica,

how youwouldfeel if you were one ofthe people

detainedon Angel Island

what makespeople relocate to a foreign country

'Poems from Ąkgel (siani

Originally, I had intended to come to America last year.

Lach of money delayed me until early autumn.

It was on the day that the Weaver Maiden met the Cowherd*

That I took passage on the President Lincoln.

I ate wind and tasted waves for more than 20 days

Fortunately, \ arrived safely on the American continent.

I thought I could land in a few days.

How was \ to know I would become a prisoner suffering in the wooden building?

The barbarians'* abuse is really diffcult to take.

When my family’s circumstances stir my emotions, a double stream of tears flow.

I only wish I can land in San Francisco soon.

Thus sparing me the additional sorrow here.

just talk about golwg to the Ldwd the Flowery Flag’ awd wiy couwtewdwce fells with hdpplwgss Not v Ithout hard wo-'*?, were ±,000 pieces of gold dug up «wd gathered togsther.

There were words o-'-are.-.e to ore oa/;/.ts, but the throat chofeed up first.

There were widwy -tit/^s, /.'.t.-.u w.-s -.:■ •.?

face to face, whewpartlwg •.Lor are waves big as wtouwtalws o-te/ asto.-.s-:? o.-.s traveller.

with laws harsh as tigers, I baa a z'^zt ;- a„ the

barbarities.

Pc wot forget this day whew you ?.-.? tszz e.

Push yourself ahead awd do v.:z ci az/ ± -die.

Glossary Note: Theoriginal poems werewritten in Chinese

* the Weaver Maiden met the Cowherd = reference to a Chinese legend aboutacelestial weaver girland anoxherder separated bya Silver River (the MilkyWay); they are allowed

to come together once a yearon the7thdayof the 7th lunar month; theCantonese peopleand many others celebrate this day witha festival

*barbarian= a person who behaves very badly and has no respectfor art, education, etc

*Flowery Flag = a Cantonese colloquialism for the USA

Kultura • Państwo i społeczeństwo Unitl JĘ

1 Why might someone choose to go and live in

another country? Rate the ideas from 1 (most likely)

to 5 (least likely).

_ to learn a language

_ to find abetterquality oflife

_ for ajob

_ to become more open-minded

_ fora fresh start

2 Read the article Are the statements from facts (F)

or opinions (0) in the context of the article?

1 Accordingto statistics, arounda third of Brits living

abroad chooseNew Zealand or Australia inwhich

to live

2 Speak to anyonewhohasexperienced life in aforeign

country and you’rebound to find people whoagree

with me

3 A recentsurvey showed that expats’ personal

identitiesare impacted when they move abroad

4 Studies seem to agree that your characteradaptsto

fit in with your chosen location

5 There aretwo main influences to mymind The first

is culture

6 It’s obvious that throughoutlife, people go through

changestotheir personality

3 Read the article again and choose the correct

answers.

1 In the second paragraph,what is true of British people

who decideto relocate to another country?

A Only atinypercentagechooseto goto Europe

B Not many of themwantto go to English-speaking

countries

C Themajoritychooseto learn asecond language

D Australia and NewZealand are themost popular

choice

2 What does the writer sayof herown experience?

A She didn’t realise the transformation until she went

home

B She couldn’texplainquite how she had changed

C She saw a rather sudden change in her character

D She became a lot more outgoing and confident

3 What situationmakes Nikhita’scharacter change more

evident?

A When she’s walkingonthe noisystreets of New

York

B When she gets worriedabout goingback to India

C Whenshe fails to appreciate the American way

of life

D When things aredelayed in India

4 How do peoplechange according to a new culture?

A They feel isolated and are forced to meetnew

a character-changing experience

Livingabroad for afew years is something which is onmany people’s bucket list Numerous reasons aregiven

as to why:tobroaden your horizons, toadvance yourcareer,or tolearn a newlanguage are just a few

5 The chosencountry is as varied as thereasonsforgoing As Englishremains widespread internationally,the popularity ofEnglish-speaking countries for Brits

is perhapsunsurprising.Accordingto statistics, around

a thirdof Brits living abroad choose New Zealand or

w Australia inwhich to live Thesecond choice, at 28%, is Canadaor theUSA Having said this, thereareobviously some who would like to expand theirlinguistic skills: in fact, a quarter of the British peoplewho go abroadsettle down inEuropean countries

is Wherever your adventure takes you, one thingthat is striking about the move overseas is theunexpectedinfluence it hason your character From my own perspective, my personality changed and this was

asurprising realisation Speak to anyone who has

20 experienced life in a foreign country andyou’re bound tofind peoplewho agree with me

When I moved to Japan in my earlytwenties, I initially found the lifestyle frankly bizarre I settled inover time,and wasn’t until Ireturned homefor a holiday after 18

25 months that I noticed howmuch I had changed to adapt

to the local culture Iwas unable to keep upwith the banter and I madelittleeye contactwhen speakingtoothers Was it true? Had Ireally become more reserved,more ‘Japanese’?

5 What is thewriter’s main message in the last two paragraphs?

A Everyoneshould bemade to have a yearout

B Travelis a particularly powerfulforce for change inpeople’slives

C Education plays a big partin howpeople behave

D Travel causespeople to becomeless tolerant ofothers

Unit 1 Człowiek • Kultura •Państwo ispołeczeństwo

It turnsout I’m not the only one whohas noticed thisshift

of character Nikhita Mahtani, originallyfrom thesuburbs

of Mumbai in India, started off hating New York It wasso

different fromwhere shehad been raised: thecitywasjust

too loud, too hectic, too crazy and basically just all a bit

too much for her That is, until she learnedto embracethe

BigApple Now when she goes home to India, she starts

to feelanxious if things don’t start on time and is proneto

getting heated when a conversation becomes an argument

Needlessto say,thiswouldn’thave been the case if she’d

never livedawayfrom hernativecountry

A recent survey showedthat expats’ personal identities

areimpacted when they move abroad.Of the people

questioned, 35% stated that theirsenseof identity had

been transformed, while 31% said that they feltlike a

better person due to theirexperience Studies seem to

agreethatyourcharacter adapts to fitin with yourchosen

location The Journal of Researchin Personality studied the

personality traits of peoplein various areas ofthe USA It

found that people from theSoutheastand Midwest tend to

be generallyperceived as friendlier, whereas NewYorkers

were seen as more highly strung and less agreeable

So,what causes this change? There are two main influences

to my mind The first is culture Itis undeniable that youcan’t

immerse yourself in a culture and notbeaffected by it In

my case, Islowly but surely took on the norms of Japanese

society If I had been too loudand made eye contact too

directly,I may wellnothave fitted in insocialsituations

Westernculture focusesmore on theindividualrather than

the group, and thisdoesn’t sitwell in a culture where the

60 emphasis is on the goodof the group and not standingout from the crowd Likewise, Nikhita would have soon learnedthat in NewYork society, if you’re late forappointments,thisisunacceptableand can lead to missedopportunitiesand alienation.She’dalsohave understood

65 that if shewanted something,she’d have to fight for it, making her moreassertive in an argument

The other influence is personalgrowth It’s obvious thatthroughoutlife, people go throughchanges to their personality.In this way who weareisa fluidconcept

70 which changesand evolves as a result of the experiences

we gothrough Education, relationships and careerall play a partinthis, butmany peoplebelieve that travel

in particular makes you more open-minded, asit makes people of different cultures seem less ‘other’and so we

75 become more acceptingof them

There are many rewards from movingtoforeign lands, whether it be learning a new language, meeting newpeople or learning about another culture Whatever yourown reason for doing this is though, don’t be surprised if

so you come back a new person!

4 Study the highlighted adjectives in the article and explain their meaning Then use them to complete the sentences.

1 Have you noticedthat Dad bearsa resemblance to Will Smith?

2 When theyare in formalsituations, people tend to berather and not show their true emotions

or opinions

3 I’ve learned tobe more as ’vegot older

-it’s importantto communicateyour thoughts

4 That climatechange is happeningis tothe majorityofscientists

5 Don’t tellDan thenews He’s so he’ll justget stressed

6 Thatman’s suit was- ’veneverseen anythingso strange and impractical!

7 Canwe meet next week?Thisweek isso

I justdon’t have time

8 Her knowledge is exactly what you’dwant in a language lecturer

5 TASK Create a mind map to reflect the changes to your personality that you have noticed from the start

of primary school until the present date, and the experiences which caused these changes to occur.

Write:

yourname inthe middle of a piece of paper

the big changes toyour personality youhave noticed

inseparatecircles which connect to the circle withyour name

what happened to causethesechanges inseparatecirclescoming off eachbigchangetoyour personality

Człowiek Unit 1

Writing A letter to a newspaper

1 Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

1 Everyone has a right tomovefreelyonthis earth.While /

That said, theredo have to be some limits on the

number of people entering a country

2 Consequently / While I agreethat youshould know

about the historyand culture ofa country, I thinkmany

nativespeakers would struggle tounderstand some of

the questions

3 I have never moved to a foreign country.As a result /

However, I am unaware ofthe procedure neededto

gain citizenship

4 That said / Even though Northern Irelandis a partof

the UnitedKingdom,the Republic of Irelandisn’t

5 You learnall about theculture when you live abroad

Furthermore / Even though, you are exposed to the

language on a daily basis

2 Read the letter to a newspaper about citizenship

tests What is the writer’s overall opinion?

To the Editor,

Ihavebeen following with interestthe recentdebate

regarding citizenship tests.Although / However,

recognisethat the system requiresrefinement, I feel there

is a need to set outthe benefits which undoubtedly arise

from such a programme

It is reasonable to expectnewcomers to haveboth

linguistic skillsand cultural awareness.These go hand

in hand in theintegration process and 2therefore/

however require monitoring This is possible3because

of / in spite ofthe citizenshiptest, which seems both a

fairand practicalsystem 4Consequently, / Moreover, the

processof naturalisationmay 5result /leadto a more

positiveattitude from the host nationbecause ofthe

newcomers’ proven commitmentto their new home

Research suggests that employers tend tosee naturalised

citizensasbetter integrated, which in turnmay give rise

to better employment prospects Lastbut notleast, there

isthe symbolic importance ofthetest and the legitimate

sense ofprideandbelongingthatsuccessful candidates

achieve

6Despite / Eventhough these benefits,I realise thatthe

systemis notperfect There has been faircriticism of the

test7owingto / account of poorly devised questionsthat

even citizens by birth couldn’tanswer! 8However, /

Furthermore, complaints of the test favouring male

candidatesneed to be addressed

With migration growing and concerns about lossof

national identity,itisclear we need to find ways to

monitor immigration and encourage social cohesion

On balance, I feel 9theresult in /theeffect of the

citizenship test is to encourage immigrants to integrate

more quickly and more fully

Yours faithfully,

MrJ Smythe, Stockport, England

3 Read the letter again and choose the correct linking words.

4 Underline the evaluation language in the letter that reinforces the writer’s overall opinion.

Writing guide(j)B EXAM TASK Read the newspaper extract below Write a formal letter to the editor of the newspaper (200-250 words) in response to the extract In this letter, present and justify your views on the issue of having a citizen test for legitimate migrants, and give examples of possible consequences for people who don’t pass the test.

so we need to protest against the ever- increasing barriers put in the way of legitimate

with the ridiculous citizenship test with its questions on history and culture that not even I can answer Declaring your loyalty

you a trustworthy citizen Let’s replace this

way of welcoming people who will benefit our country.

■ PLAN Think about the following.

What makes a good citizen Who decides that?How citizenship can be tested.How much doesa migrantneed to know aboutthe host culture?What should happen to peoplewhodon’t pass acitizenship test

What the role ofcitizenship is in integration andsocial cohesion

■ PLAN 2 Follow the plan.

Paragraph 1: Introduce your reason forwriting andrefer to the extract Whatpoints do you want to raise?

Paragraph 2: Present your view on the issue.Givereasons to support it

Paragraph 3: Give examplesof consequences

Paragraph 4: Sum up your ideas

■ WRITE Write your letter Use the paragraph plan

to help you.

■ REVIEW Check the following points.

Have you used the correct format?

Haveyou referred to the extract?

Have you usedevaluation language toreinforceyour point of view?

Have you used a varietyof linking words?

Have youcheckedgrammar, vocabulary, spellingand punctuation?

Unit 1 Człowiek • Państwo i społeczeństwo Wypowiedź pisemna Listformalny

Giveyourself a mark 1-3 foreach Learning Objective from thelesson

2 This wasOK,

1 Ifoundthis difficult Icando this we

Make aplanfor what youcan do next to improve Discuss your ideas with your classmates /teacher

Action plan

1 canrecognise inference in figurative language

1 can recognise a range of idiomatic phrases aboutthe body

1 candescribechange using avarietyofverbs

1 canmatch speakers to statements

1 can use the perfect aspect to talk about experiences

-1 canunderstand key pointsand supportingdetail in a discussion

1can recognise metaphorical use ofnouns to describe belonging and alienation

1canmakeand respond topredictions

1 canrecognise general formulaeand simpletext features of a poem

1can recognise arange of literary devices

1can write aformal letter

1 canrecognise evaluation languageused to express personal viewpoint

1 canuse linkingwords to connectideas

2 Crime and punishment

Vocabulary

V) Insight 1 ^Adjective patterns _

1 Rewrite the sentences to include the two adjectives

in brackets in the correct positions.

1 At the weekend, in a case of bystander apathy, a man

was attacked ina busy shopping centre, butnobodydid

anything to helpthevictim in the environment

(classic / low-security)

2 Detectives working on the casefear for the

well-being ofthemanand areseeking themiddle-aged

womanfor the attack,(concerned / responsible)

3 A spokesperson forthe policesaid that membersof

the public hadcomeforward with information, but an

arrest was goingto be difficult inthis case

(valuable/typical)

4 The officers took every stepto ensurethat the woman

was well lookedafter,(supportive / involved)

5 Thevictims of crimewereto discuss their experiences

with each other andfor some this wasthebest therapy

after the ordeal, (free/ possible)

Insight k Behaviour: conformity and

\ nonconformity _

2 Replace phrases 1-7 with phrases formed from the

verbs below.

bow buck follow go spur step turn

1 do something that istheopposite of what isusually

done

2 respond to a challenge

3 urge to dosomething

4 change a generaltendency ina positive way

5 dowhatsomeoneelse wants you todo

6 ignore _

7 dowhatsomebody else is doing

Vocabulary extra ^Describing reactions

4 Complete the text with the words below There are two words that you do not need.

baffled dazed disorientated distraughtmake mark overwhelming took unfazed

THE HERO OF

No doubt there were many heroes on that fateful day

in New York Certainly one of them was 36-year-old Michael Benfante.

Benfante was branch manager at Network Plus when American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower As everyone was understandably 1

and confused, he immediately 2 the initiative: he convinced his team to walk down the 81 flights of stairs to get out of the building.

However, when he saw a group of women who were standing still on the 68th floor, he was3

Why weren’t they trying to escape?

3 Choose the correct words.

1 The knock to his head left the thiefresentful / unfazed /

dazed and confused

2 Whensherealised her child was missing, the mother

wascompletely bewildered / distraught / overjoyed.

3 Thevictim was resentful / overjoyed / disorientated

at the accused’s long prison sentence

4 The police officers were bewildered / disorientated /

dazed The killer had managed to kill three people

withoutleaving clues as to who he was

5 When she came out ofthe coma,Teresafelt resentful /

unfazed / disorientated.

It turned out that one of them was in a wheelchair Michael and one of his colleagues, John Cerqueira, were 4_ They calmly helped her into a lighter emergency wheelchair and carried her down the stairs The prospect of this challenge to anyone else may have been 5, but the two stepped up to the 6 and did what needed to be done.

Just over an hour later, having walked through smoke and fire and clouds of dust, they reached the exit They helped the woman to safety moments before the tower above them collapsed, and Benfante and Cerqueira had

to dive under a truck.

Like everyone else who became 7 by the thick smoke that filled the air, both men were lucky to survive, and to save someone else from almost certain death in the process was incredible.

5 TASK Do you think you would have acted in the same way as Michael Benfante? Why / why not?

Unit 2 Człowiek • Państwo i społeczeństwo

y) Insight ^Narrative tenses

1 Complete the extracts from detective stories

with the correct form of the verbs in brackets

Do not use the past simple.

1 Walker surveyed the chaotic scene before him

Two bystanders(shoot) andkilled

and layfacedown on thefloor

2 The victims(lie) inthe street for

overan hour beforethe policefinally arrived

3 The CCTV camera had been installed the week

before, which wasfortunate, because otherwise

they(not catch) the criminal on

film

4 Looking at everyone gathered,he madeit clear

that he(kill) them all if he’dhad the

chance

5 The assassinintended to shoot the climate

activist just beforehe(address) the

United Nations

6 As the officer(examine) thebody,

he noticed an unusualmark onthe victim’sneck

7 Although he wasn’tguilty,heknew he

(blame) forthemurder before long

That’s whyhe took the precaution ofmaking sure

his alibiwaswatertight

Uses of would

3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets Do not use the past simple.

The Graff Diamonds robbery

One of the biggest robberies that ever took place was the Graff Diamonds heist in 2009 The story of this robbery sounds like it was lifted from a Hollywood movie script, featuring getaway cars,

a criminal overlord and high-tech disguises!

Only hours before the raid, while all was well at the central-London Graff Diamonds store, the two robbers1(sit) in a make-up studio in Covent Garden, while a professional make-up artist altered their skin tones and facial features Earlier, the pair 2(explain) that the disguises were for a music video they were going to be in.

A few hours later, as they3(about / enter) the jewellery shop, no one suspected a thing Who4

(would / think) that the two smartly dressed, middle-aged men going through the doorway were the equivalent of balaclava­

wearing diamond thieves? It was only when they were inside the building that the pair5(pullout) handgunsand demand the £40 million worth of jewellery on display.

4 TASK Use your imagination to tell an interesting, scary or exciting crime story using the first sentence below.

A womanwas driving down thedark lane in the middle of the storm, whensuddenly, shesaw something inthe roadahead What happened?

Whathad happened before the main event?

What was aboutto happen?

What would have happened ifthewoman hadn’t been there?How does the story end?

When the police were alerted, they had to contend with several vehicles whichs(park) at key points around the shop to block them and allow the robbers to escape If the police were going to catch them, they7(have to) outsmart the criminals.

2 Rewrite the sentences using the words and

phrases below Make any other necessary

changes Has the meaning of the sentence

changed? In what way?

could prefer used to was going to

weregoingto were often

1 Iwouldrather help someone in need than run

away

2 She wonderedwhether theywouldmake the

crime novel into a film

The thieves may have thought they had planned every last detail, but in the end their downfall was due to a very simple error They realised they8(not succeed) in their mission as soon

as they noticed that they’ _(leave) a mobile phone in one getaway car as they quickly transferred to another Although the numbers in the phone were anonymous, police were able to use them to track the gang’s movements and arrest the suspects Despite the success of the police operation, however, the majority

of the diamonds10(never / recover).

3 Asachild, my brother would dress up and

imagine he wasSherlock Holmes

4 Ifsomeone sued you because they had fallen over

inyour house,would thecase be heard ina civil

court instead of a criminal court?

5 In1883,the first policematrons were employed

by the police Largely, these femalepoliceofficers

wouldbe the wives ofserving policemen

6 Whowould havethought that he would join the

policeforce when his dadhad been a criminal?

Państwo i społeczeństwo Unit 2 13

Listening, vocabulary and speaking

3 Although Mary was of assault andsent

to prison, her sisterwas of anyblame It

seems thatMary had acted alone

4 Faragewas incustody to await trial

The judge considered him too dangerous to be

on bail

^Verb and noun suffixes Paraphrasing and reformulating

1 Complete the text with nouns formed from the verbs

in brackets.

A story that shocked the world

Whenthe case of South African Paralympian Oscar Pistoriusfirst

went to court in2014,it caused controversy aroundthe world

Following Pistorius'1(acquit) of murder charges

forthe killing of his girlfriend,Reeva Steenkamp, he wasinstead

convicted of culpable homicide, a crimewhich carrieda much lighter

sentence This was an outcome which divided public opinion Some

believe he had shotand killed Steenkamp throughthetoilet door

afteraheatedargument Othersbelieved thatPistorius, who has

always maintained his 'notguilty'2(plead), mistook

her for anintruder

In2016,afterPistorius had served twoyears of his five-year sentence,

there was a change of verdict,back to murder The Courtof Appeal

overturned his previous3(convict) and thebad

news didn't stop there In 201/Pistorius'ssentence was more than

doubled by theSouthAfricanappealcourt, to 13years and five

months This4 (indict) musthave come as a major

blow to the5(defend)andhis legal team

The initial sentencingwas believedto have been too lenient by the

6(prosecute),

who also branded Pistorius'

earlier7 (testify)

afabrication There wereclaims

thathehad received preferential

treatment because ofhis fame,

and as aresult had notreceived a

harsh enough8

(penalise).For Reeva's parents,

though,all that matters nowis

finding out thetruthaboutwhat

happened to their daughter

Vocabulary extra ^Crime and justice

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the

verbs below Use each verb once.

convict detain exonerate implicate release

remand

3 Choose the correct words.

1 I would / got to / used to live next to acorrectioncentre, butthatwas ages ago

2 Hisgrandparentsdid constantly / were forever / would regularly spoiling him by showering himwithgifts

3 Hewas / will / is always just sit andplay computergames allday

4 Courts were to be / are continually / will forever be

sending juveniles to prison, and I’mnot sure howmuchlonger the system can cope

5 It was hard at first, but gradually Will was / would / got usedto the routine of life in prison

6 Sometimes,they were / would / are to steal 7or 20 bikes ina weekend

4 <’$2.01 Listen to a radio phone-in about crime Match the speakers to the points that they make and support Write J (James), S (Susie) or G (Greg) Put

an X next to the points of view that nobody makes or supports.

1 The legal community is undecided as to whether the three-strikes law has proved to beavalid and usefulpiece of legislation _

2 It is therole oftheprisonsystem to tryto rehabilitate prisoners rather thanmerely punishthem _

3 In California, offenders used to getvery long prison sentenceseven if their thirdoffencewasrelativelyminor _

4 Over-punitive sentencing mayaffect publicconfidence

in the prison system _

5 The three-strikes law wasintroduced forunderstandable reasons and withgood intentions _

5 0)2.01 Listen again and answer the questions.

1 Which ofthe speakers shows empathy forthoseintheprison system?

2 Write down a shortphrase whichthisspeaker uses to show their empathy

6 TASK Read the newspaper extract below Decide what sentence the criminal should get and why Then read the punishment he actually received and compare it with your answer.

£4,200 damage to trains caused by graffiti

Don Midasoni, a graphic artist from Bristol, travelled to South Wales to spray-paint train carriages during the night Along with two friends, he was caught on CCTV carrying out the criminal act He had previously been jailed in France for two months and has 24 previous offences related to criminal damage.

•ipoM predun josinoq qq{anoajjeo

oj prq pur JESAe jojpapuadsns aouaiuas uosnd tpuoui-auiue

paAiaaaa ‘uopEsuadiuoaui 00Z‘W Zsd oi paaapjo sea\ niosEpijĄj

Unit 2 Człowiek • Państwo i społeczeństwo

Vocabulary and grammar

1 Read the extracts from two stories by 0 Henry

and match them to the titles below There is one

title that you do not need.

1 The Copand the Anthem

2 TheRansomof Red Chief

3 The Gun betweenthe Eyes

V) Insight 1 ^Narrative elements

2 Read extract A again and study the highlighted

words Match six of them to the categories below.

1 Anadjective meaning very shiny

2 Averbwhich expresses birdsong

3 Averb whichmeans to causeor bring about

4 An adjectivewhichmeansnot deserving ofrespect

5 A phrasal verb whichmeansto remove yourself from

a difficult or embarrassingsituation

6 An adjective whichmeans losing confidence or

strength,orslowing down

3 What do the highlighted words in the text tell you

about what is going on in Soapy’s mind in the

moments before he is stopped by the policeman?

A _

The moon was above, lustrous and serene; vehicles and pedestrians

were few; sparrows twittered sleepily in the eaves— for a little while

that the organist played cemented Soapy to the iron fence, for he

thoughts and collars.

The conjunction of Soapy’ s receptive state of mind and the

change in his soul He viewed with swift horror the pit into which

he had tumbled, the degraded days, unworthy desires, dead hopes,

And also in a moment his heart responded thrillingly to this novel

mood An instantaneous and strong impulse moved him to battle

with his desperate fate He would pull himself out of the mire; he

would make a man of himself again; he would conquer the evil that

young yet; he would resurrect his old eager ambitions and pursue

set up a revolution in him To-morrow he would go into the roaring

him a place as driver He would find him to-morrow and ask for the

position He would be somebody in the world He would —

Soapy felt a hand laid on his arm He looked quickly around into

4 Study the underlined phrases and sentences in extract

B Match six of the sentences to the events that they foreshadow below Give reasons for your answers.

1 The kidnappers were taking advantage ofthe situation

to demand morecash

2 _The kidnappers wouldhide theboy ina remote place

3 _Thekidnappers’victim hada mean streak ofhis own

4 _ It would be hard to make the kidnapped boy’s father pay the ransom

5 _The criminalswerejust about to kidnap the boy

6 Thekidnapped boy would be difficult to control

5 Read extracts A and B again Then study the statements about the people below Do you agree with the

statements? Find phrases from the stories that reveal the people’s characters.

1 Ebenezer Dorset is seriousand authoritative

2 EbenezerDorset’s sonis disobedient and audacious

3 The kidnappersare naiveand imprudent

4 Soapy is anidle, lonely man

6 TASK Choose one of the stories and imagine how it ends Write the final paragraph.

B _

We selected for our victim the only child

Dorset a The father was respectable and tight, a mortgage fancier and a

colour of the cover of the magazine you buy at the news-stand when you want

wait till I tell vou.

cedar brake dQn the rear elevation of this mountain was a cave There we

Dorset’s house eThe kid was in the

Człowiek Państwo i społeczeństwo Unit 2 5

1 In the Parable of the Good Samaritan’ a story from the

Christian Bible, a man from Samaria helps another man

who has been robbed and left to die, thus showing that

he is a good neighbour Have you ever helped someone

in difficulty? Do you consider yourself to be a ‘Good

Samaritan’? Why / why not?

2 Text 1 is an extract from Summer at the Kindness Cafe by

Victoria Walters It is the story of a woman who returns to a

small town in rural Cornwall after living for years in London

Read text and match missing paragraphs A-E to gaps 1-5.

A The woman, who looked a similar age to Abbie’s

twenty-eight years and had a sharp, blonde bob,

smiled ‘Of course I would be so upset if I lost mine.’

B ‘But I picked it up off the train, I’m sure I did,’ she said

out loud, shaking her head She had kept her handbag

balanced on top of one of the wheelie cases so she

didn’t have to carry it on her shoulder T can’t find my

bag,’ she admitted to Joy.

C Abbie wished she shared Joy’s faith that her bag would

be found She carried the brownie and latte over to her

table, hoping Louise would hurry up and get there so

she could use her phone to ring the bank.

D After struggling through the barriers with her bags, she

began to walk to the cafe - which turned out to be in

the grounds of a grand stone house perched on top of a

hill looking over the small town.

E She heard a faint noise in the wind behind her, but she

kept up her brisk London pace, thinking it was probably

someone after money or something That was usually

why people tried to get yom’ attention nowadays.

(T) 3 Read text 1 again Choose the correct answer: A, B, C or D

for questions 1-4.

1 The first noticeable sign thatAbbie was ona different

journey from her usual commute was

A the cute cafe

B the sight of the largestatelyhome

C the colourful flowersat the station

D the graffiti on the walls

2 Abbie stopped at the cafe because

A hersister had recommended it

B it was in the grounds of the stately home

C it wasat the topofthehill

D shewas finding it difficult to walk any further

3 Abbiestarted to panic when sherealisedthat

A shewouldn’t beable to payforthe coffee

B nobody would be able to call her

C shewould have to dragher luggage up thehill

D hersisterwasn’t in the cafe

4 How are the people ofLittlewooddifferent from thepeople

ofLondon?

A “hey are moreangry and dangerous

B ~heyarefriendly but untrustworthy

C “ney are kinder andmore trustworthy

D “ne are quieterand more shy

Text 1 |

Summer «t the KinttMii Cafe

by Victoria Walters

The train soon drew into the small station ofLittlewood Colourfulhanging baskets adornedtheplatform It made astark change from thegraffiti Abbiewas used toseeingon her old commute She

5 heaved her two wheelie cases offthe trainandrattledalong the platformwiththem She had sent the restofherthings to her parents’ house in Cornwall

Theuphill walk was not atalleasyinher favouritefour-inch-heeled boots, but when you were as

io tiny as she was,you needed theextraheight at alltimes, so shedraggedherself and her bags towardsthe stately home.Louise saidthe cafe stoodat the beginningof the estate and was the best placeinLittlewood forcoffee.And, God,Abbieneededa

is largecup

Finally, she made it to the top ofthehill.Thecafewas justthrough the imposing iron gatesof the stately home.There was a greenand gold sign proclaiming the housetobeHuntley Manor -a

io luxuryhotel,apparently Abbie glanced atthe tall,light-brown stone building as shemade her wayto thecute-looking cafe on the edge ofthe green.Thehotel looked as ifitcould havebeenlifted outofaJane Austen novel and Abbie resolved to explore

in the fresh coffee smellthat lingeredon the air She

35 lovedcafes and this onefelt like home as soonas shewalked through thedoor

‘Goodmorning!’ said a ladywith a messy grey­haired bun andbig smile, leaning on the counter

togreet her Her apron was blue andwhitewith

40 ‘Have a Brew!’writtenon itin bigletters.‘What can

I get you?’

‘A largelatte, please.’The womanstartedmaking it immediately andglanced back at Abbie asshe did so.T haven’tseen

45 youin here before, have I?’

Unit 2 Człowiek Rozumienie tekstów pisanych Wybór wielokrotny

Text 2

Abbieshookher head.‘No, I’m here to staywith

my sister.’

‘Well, I’m Joyand I own Brewwith my husband, Harry

He’s in thebackmakingsandwiches Welcome to

so Littlewood,’ she said cheerfully,sliding Abbie’sdrink

across to her.She moved to the till

Abbie reachedfor her bag, but her hands grabbed air 5

instead.‘Ohno!’ she cried, lookingdown at her cases

in horror

55 What’swrong?’ Joyasked, leaning over thecounter

tosee

®

‘Oh dear, I’m sorry,’ Joysaid, sympathetically

Abbiechecked around her again, a sinkingfeeling in her

chest.‘What am I going to do without it?’ she said If living

so in London hadtaught heranything, itwas tokeep a tight ]5

hold ofyourbelongings at all times She’d have to cancel

her cards immediately Oh, God.Her phone was in there

She startedto feel panicky atthe thought of not havingit

with her How would anyoneget in contact with her?

World Kindness DayWorldKindnessDay is celebrated annuallyon 13thNovember On this day, people around theworld are urged to tiy tomake theworld a better placethrough

‘random acts’ of generosity andhelpfulness,not onlyto friends and family, butto strangers,too

The first World Kindness Daywasin 1998 Itwas initiated bythe WorldKindness Movement,formedin

1997 Different institutions and associationsft'omsevencountries (Australia, Canada,Japan, Thailand, Singapore the USA,and the UK) had gatheredat a conference inTokyo with an aimto champion kindness in society

Today thereare currently over 28 nations involved in TheWorld Kindness Movement The movement encourages all

of us - individuals, as wellasschools and organisations, to thinkofsimple tilings to brighten up someone’s day.Whatcan you do for someone?Remember, kindness doesn’t needto cost money; it couldbe anythingfrom giving a compliment or a smile, to helping someone with a favour!

65 ‘Look,try not to worry You’re inLittlewood now and

everyone looks out for one another here I’m sure

someone will find your bag and deliver it back toyou.Go

and sitdown and drink your latte; you’ve hada shock and

you need yourcoffee.’

70 ‘But can’t pay forit,’ Abbie admitted, hercheeksturning

pink She had neverlostherbagbefore Thisweekwas

just goingfrombad to worse

Complete sentences 5-8 with information from text 2.

5 Theaimof WorldKindness Day is to urgepeople to be _toeverybody

6 The first WorldKindness Day tookplaceafter a group of countries had met inTokyo,in 1997

7 The World KindnessMovementhas grown fromseven member nations from aroundthe world

8 The purpose ofthe article is

75

80

85

90

‘Don’t be silly,it’s onus.’ Joy grabbeda brownie and put it

ona plate ‘Thistoo.’

‘Oh no,I couldn’t possiblyaccept ’

Joy waved off Abbie’s protests.‘Sit down, I insist You can

paynext time, after youfindyour bag.’

The door to the cafe bangedopen, making Abbie turn

with a start.‘Thereyou are,’ a woman cried, waving

something at her.‘I’ve been chasing you from the station.’

Alittlegirlfollowed her insidethecafe; both of them

were pulling suitcases.‘Your bagfelloff whenyouwent

through the barrier,’she said, adistinctaccent to her

brisktone,holding up whatAbbiecouldnowsee washer

lost handbag

Abbie recognised her from the traincarriageand breathed

ahuge sigh ofrelief ‘Oh, wow, thank you somuch,’ she

said,amazed thatthe woman had followed her all the

way to Brewtoget it back to her She took it from her

‘I’mso grateful.’

‘See? Itold you it would turn up,’ Joycalled from the

counter.‘All’s well that ends well.’

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the highlighted words in text 1 and exercise 2.

The woman woke

in the middle ofthe night

Themonument, buildingfor miles

uponhearing the noise

on thecliff, wasthe only

The celebrityexited the court to a(n)microphonesandreporters

After

of

allthe furniture into the house,wewere exhausted

Thewoman’s smart suit was in contrast

to her partner’s scruffyjeans andT-shirt

His made it hardto tell whether hewasangry or nervous

Thelovelyscent of cut grasssummer air

in the warm

5 TASK What motivates people to help others in difficult or dangerous situations without any rewarc? How far would you go to help someone out? In which

of these situations do you think you would act?

Jump in the water to save a dog from a fast-fov - Help someonewhois being mugged in the s Takea cyclist to hospital after an accident Give someone a taxi fare sotheydon’tha : home alone at night

Człowiek • Rozumienie tekstów pisanychTekst z _ - r ~

Writing A story

Ay Assoon as she got home,LindaMulholland switched on

the radio She was particularly tired thatevening She had

stopped off atthe supermarket on the way back andhad,

unfortunately,got caught intraffic asaresult

Allshe wanted to do was relax But that day’s news story

made her gasp in shock There had been anarmed robbery

at the shopping mall in the centre ofher home town

Fortunately no bystanders had been hurt, but over one

millioneuros’ worth of jewellery had been stolen

© Linda’s thoughtswent back to a time earlierthat day when

she had been at the supermarket in the town centre aShe

tried to recall all the details- she neededto know if what

she had experienced could have had anyconnection to

this awful event She had only decided to pop into the

supermarket at the last minute, just to get somemilk

When shegotto thecheckout, however,she foundherself

at the back of a longqueue It was really frustrating

£J Linda hadto wait1 inthe queue, for

tenminutes,before the customerin frontofher

2 _reached the front.Itwouldn’t take long to

servehim: he3 _had a takeaway meal When

he fumbled in his pocket for some change, however, the

man realised that he didn’thave enough money topay He

wastwo euros short Calmly, he explained the situation to

the girlat thetill, but she just sat there* _,

waitingfor himto5 find the money.Linda

couldn’tbearit6 _She reached into her

purse, pulled out atwo-euro coin, tapped theman

7 _onthe shoulder,and,with a smileon her

face, gavehimthe money

DJ A few minutes later, Linda was in the car park.To her

surprise, she noticed that themanfrom the queue was

walking towards her bClearly, he had beenwaiting forher

He waved Then he smiled, ‘Thank you for your kindness.’

he said,

‘It wasnothing,’ said Linda, ‘It was whatanyonewould have

done.’

‘No,’saidthe man, veryseriously ‘Fewwould havebeenso

kind, and I’d liketo returnthe kindness.’ cHe had astrange,

but very solemn expression onhis face.For a moment, she

thought he was thekindest, warmestman she had ever

met He spoke again.‘Whatever you do,’ said theman,

‘don’tgo shoppingafter work this evening, anddon’tgo to

the mall.’ At that moment,theman had turned sharply,and

hadsoon disappeared

Adverbs: type and position

1 Read the story Complete the gaps in paragraph C with the adverbs below What type of adverb is each one?

anylonger eventually gently impassively miraculously only there

2 Read the story again Match the three underlined sections a-c to ways of creating suspense 1-3.

1 posing a problemfor the protagonist, who must lookfor

asolution_

2 building inexpectation through foreshadowingandshort sentences_

3 maintaining doubt throughafalse resolution _

3 Read the outline of another story about someone offering assistance, and write your own ending Use

at least two different ways of creating suspense.

A man runs out of a busy coffee shop to a car waiting opposite A woman rushes after him, her

looks at the woman and doesn ’ t want to move.

‘ You leave with him now, and your life will be in

Writing guide

■ TASK Write a story under the heading A helping hand.

■ PLAN 1 Brainstorm ideas for your story You could either add details to the outline in exercise 3 or think of your own idea Make notes about:

the plot What are the main events inyourstory?the characters Who is the protagonist andwho is the villain?

theaction How does the protagonist achievetheirgoal?

■ PLAN 2 Follow the plan.

Paragraph 1: Establish the setting; describe themaincharacter

Paragraph 2: Introduce elements to build suspense and foreshadow events

Paragraph 3: Createasense of tension

Paragraph 4: Dramatise the problem the maincharacter has toovercome

Paragraph 5: Resolve the main character’sproblem;try to workinanunexpected ending

■ WRITE Write your story Use the paragraph plan

to help you.

■ REVIEW Check the following points.

Haveyoucreated suspense in your story?

Haveyouused appropriate adverbs?

Haveyouchecked grammar, vocabulary, spellingand punctuation?

Unit 2 Człowiek

Give yourselfamark 1-3 foreach Learning Objective from the lesson

1 I found this difficult, 2 This wasOK 3 Icandothisweii

Make aplan for what you can donext toimprove.Discuss your ideas withyour classmates /teacher

I can write a shortstory

I can use appropriate sequencing to create suspense in ashort story

I can use avarietyof adverbs to describe setting, characters andactions

How can I improve?

I canform and test predictions about anarrative text

I can identify mood, atmosphere and character ina narrativetext

How can I improve?

I can recognise inference and assumptions in an informative text

I can recognise a range of idiomaticphrases

I can identify whichmeaning of aword is relevantto thecontext

How can I improve?

I can recogniseand distinguish between multiple positionsina discussion

I canrecognise and use verb andnounsuffixes

I canparaphrase and reformulate toexplain or emphasisea point

How can I improve?

I can identify theorder of events ina narrative

I canuse different narrativeforms

I canusewould forpast habits

How can I improve?

Action plan

3 For love or money

V) Insight 1 ^Word analysis

(jl EXAM TASK For questions 1-5, translate the phrases

in brackets into English so that the sentences are

logical and correct as far as grammar and spelling are

concerned You must use no more than five words.

1 The unknown work (poniewierałosię nieprzeczytane)

for years at the back of the writer’s garage

2 Itis(taki kłopot)for Britishpeople to

travel to mainland Europe after Brexit

3 To lift their spirits, they decided to goon (zakupowe

szaleństwo)and buy many of the thingsthey’d alwayswanted

4 The group (pozbyła się)most of its

originalmembersafterthechange in leadership

5 The contract wassoimportantthat she knew (nie

wolno jej zawalić sprawy)

2 I’ve justopened a current with TaylorBanking and receiveda free giftworth £50

3 Reduce your electricity bill by 5% by paying it monthly

by direct _

4 Ourthird-car insurance covers damageto another vehicle

5 I can’t pay intoyour account without knowingyoursort

and account number

6 At InsuranceToGo, we offer a 15% reduction onthe

you payevery time youtakeout life, home or travelinsurance

4 Complete the text with the correct form of the words below Add any necessary prepositions or pronouns.

account blow bonus poverty purgesplash strapped within

V) Insight 1 ^Phrases about money

2 Complete the phrases in italics with appropriate

Whenyouget yourfirst salary, it’seasyto

fritter it on thingsyou don’t need

Many students are strapped forsince the introduction of university tuition fees

When you are forced to live on the

, every penny counts.

Holidaymakers are readyto out ontrips abroadfollowing recent restrictions

Haveyou ever wanted to 1 all offandrid yourself of the responsibilities,deadlines andstress of everyday life? Mostof us do fromtime to timebut worry that we wouldbe 2

cash and unable to support ourselves if did

Perhaps we should take a leaf outof Chris Lewis's book.The formerparatrooperfound himself ata lowpoint in his life and went for it,3

himself of his possessions and setting off fromSwansea withjust £10 in his pocket and a broken tent His mission was simple: walk theentirecoast

of the UK, includingallthe islands, andcomebackhappy andserene,rather thana broken man

Healso decided that this trip wasn't goingto be just for him He openedan 4 to raisemoney for the veteran's charity SSAFAwhile hewas walking At the beginning it wasverytough being 5-stricken Chrishad tolearn

to search for food inthe wild and hesoon lost a lotof weight, but he was determined tocontinue About seven months in,akind man he met

6 on some camping equipment forhim and thatmade hislife easier during the coldBritish winter

\| REPLY

Vocabulary extra ^Banking and insurance

3 Complete the sentences with the words below

There is one word that you do not need.

account bonus code debit order party

premium

1 Set up astanding at the start of each

monthif you want to save

Fourand a half years later, Chrisisstill going, andmanaging toliveverymuch 7 means.Somethings have changed though:he's nolonger alone His travel companions are a dog, a girlfriend and a baby onthe way And, thanks to followers

of hisstory, an added 8 is that hehas been ableto raise£250,000 forthe SSAFA Mission complete!

5 TASK Discuss the statements below and decide how they might be improved.

1 No one shouldfind it difficult to make ends meet

2 Creditcards shouldbe scrapped to avoid people livingbeyond their means

3 Finance should be taughtinschools sothat youngpeople learn not to squandertheir earnings

Zakupy i usługi Podróżowanie i turystyka • Znajomość środków językowych Tłumaczenie

The passive Passive structures with have and get

1 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar

meaning to the first Include the agent unless it is

redundant.

1 We mayneed more fundsto build affordable housing in

the future

More funds

2 Recent researchhas highlightedthe problems faced by

people livingonthe breadline

5 Last year in the UK, people committed a largenumber of

hate crimes against homeless people

A large number

2 Complete the text with the correct active or passive

form of the verbs below.

be begin call force halt hope live

make remove use

Man-made cave

W hen we think of homeless people, we think of

them 1 to seek

shelter under bridges or in

shop doorways So when law

enforcement 2

to a construction site in the

Vallejo area of San Francisco,

finding homeless people living under it came as a big surprise

Construction workers were excavating the site of a bridge when

they heard voices coming from a man-made cave under the road:

the small home was six metres long and one metre high, and

3 by two people as their home until its discovery.

The pair were required to move so that excavation could continue

and now 4 in an undisclosed location nearby.

The process of moving the people from their cave 5

traffic on the road for hours while their personal items - sleeping

bags, backpacks and clothes - 6

There is a sizable homeless population in the cities around

San Francisco Bay and conditions over the last few years

7 worse by the break-up of homeless camps

and the lack of alternative housing Recently however, there

8 a shift in policy regarding homelessness

The city 9 to offer subsidised housing or places

in city-approved campsites for those who prefer living

outdoors It 10 that these measures will help

tackle the problem.

3 Complete the text with the correct form of get or

have and the verbs in brackets Sometimes both

get and have are possible.

^■■■■■■■■■WMl:^

Sleep Pod saves lives

Homelessnessis a problem throughoutthe year, but inthe winter the conditions can getworsefor people living

onthestreet, getting cold and them and theirpossessions 1(soak)bytherain This iswhereSleep Podcomes in

The whole idea began in2015 when the three co-founders,Pete,Ianand Justin,met whilevolunteering in European refugee camps Working withpeople living outside intemporary camps, they soon2(their eyes/ open) to the difficulties homeless people encounter all the time When itrains, mostof us haveno problem 3(our clothes / dry) In cold conditions,mostof usalso have no problemwarmingup again We4(centralheating / install)and can 5(the boiler / fix) if itbreaks Most of uscanchange intowarm clothes orwarm up in ourhomes

A simple,yet effectivewaytohelp people who don't havethesefacilities is to have an emergency portable shelter which

is warm, dry and light to carry

Those who have used a Sleep Pod say theys(their lives / transform) by it.Oneuser describedthem as like a reallythickcoat’, thanks to thethermal insulativematerial they’re made from

7(the Sleep Pods / make) relies onvolunteers who give up their time to help To date,over5,000 pods havebeendistributed in the UK and France

No doubt, without them, many people on thestreets wouldhavegot sick or8(theirbelongings / steal), and fewer rough sleepers would have survived

Sleep Pods are literally saving lives

4 TASK Think of a charity you could set up to help homeless people in your town, city or country Describe what the charity will do using phrases with get and have and some of the vocabulary from this unit Think about:

thecharacteristics ofthe problem in your area, practical ways that volunteerscan help

who you mightinvitetobe a sponsororspokesperson, what youhopeto have achieved in one year

Państwo i społeczeństwo Unit 3 >

Listening, vocabulary and speaking

V) Insight ^Collocations: advertising _

1 Complete the text with the correct form of the

verbs below.

boost conduct gain launch make

manipulate outstrip setup

6 Severalretail outlets closed because they were

following the recession

7 The student is hoping to byworking as an intern in the marketing department

8 From 1989 to1990, demand, whichled to prices going up by more than a third

Discussing advantages and disadvantages

In the popular US TV drama

Mad Men, 1960s advertising

executives in New York

might seem more interested

in wearing the right suit

than in 1

a successful campaign or

2

marketresearch The truth, however,

is thatthe 1950s and 1960s

were revolutionary times in the

advertising industry and the

agencies onMadison Avenue

in New York were at theforefront offindingnew ways of

3 public opinionand getting consumers to

part with their money

Although the first agencies had been 4

on MadisonAvenue decadesearlier, it wasn't until the

1950s thattheycame into their own Agencies such as

Doyle Dane Bernbach used an incredibly successful soft-sell

approach to 5 the sales of their clients'

products, thus enabling them to 6

a much larger market share, 7 their rivals

and 8 enormous profits Theagency's

adswere honest,witty andoriginal, and usedimagesin

creative ways, introducing a style of advertising that is

stillwith us today

3 "<$3.01 Listen to an interview about children and advertising Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?

1 Ruth believes that children under eightaren’tmatureenoughtounderstand how advertising works

2 Ruth says that there is a connection between the ads

we watch as children and the tastes we have as adults

3 Ruth believes thatthere are afew advantagesforchildren being the target of advertising campaigns,eventhough they have no money to spend

4 InTerry’sopinion, one disadvantage to letting childrenexperience advertising at a young ageis that they are more cynical towards it

5 Terry saysthat children have a right to moreinformation about howthe advertising industry operates

6 Accordingto Terry, one disadvantage to stricteradvertising laws isthat therewould be fewer products

to buy

4 ^3.01 Listen again and complete the phrases Terry uses when responding to criticism.

1 I, a lot of what Ruthsays

2 While I, thereis another side to

3 Well, perhaps,the situationcarefully

2 Match the words in A to the words in B to make

collocations Then use them in the correct form to

complete the sentences.

A boost conduct gain launch make

manipulate outstrip setup

B an advertising agency experience a loss

market research ourminds a new product

productivity supply

1 We’regoing to next year.It will be

a newperfume

2 Attractiveincentives forworkers are the bestway to

and produce more goods

3 I decided to withan old school

friendwho’d worked for years in PR

5 TASK A children’s TV channel has just shown advertisements for the products below Write an email to the bosses of the TV channel complaining about one of the adverts Use impersonal language

in your email.

Unit 3 Kultura • Zakupy i usługi

Vocabulary and grammar

^Describing trends

^Insight

1 Choose the odd one out.

1 A soar B plummet C surge

5 A moderate B gradual C significant

2 Match headlines 1-4 to graphs A-D.

1 GRADUAL GROWTH 2 HOUSE PRICES

FORECAST PROMPTS

INVESTMENT

SOAR AS ECONOMY RECOVERS

3 UNCERTAIN MARKET LEADS

TO FLUCTUATING PRICES

(j)3 EXAM TASK Think of one word to complete each set

of sentences Full spelling accuracy is required.

1

Michaeltook a left turnonto Main Street

Theknife was enough to cut through a can

Tinafelt a painin her back

2

After I fixedtheleg, the table was more

The stock markethas been this week, withfew

fluctuations

Louise is and reliable, often considered the voice

of reason

3

The candidate has positions on allplatforms; none

of his plansare extreme

Iputa amountof mayonnaise on mysandwich

We drove ata speedeven though many aroundus

What are the most important criteriathat influence our choice ofwhere to Live? Is ita beautiful view?

A stylish property? A practical homewith modern conveniences? No, according to research it'salways the Location Most people Look first at the amenities

in the area: good schools, good transportation links,facilities likeshops, cafes and restaurants The desire

to live somewhere that can tick all of these boxes is why, in some places in the world, houseprices seem

to do nothing but1(rise quickly)

The most expensive place per square metre to buya property is Monaco The differencein price between Monaco and the next most expensive location

is significant, which is why, even when prices

2(dropped significantly) by 39%in

2020, it held ontoits first position

London is in second place Thetourist attractionsand majorcompanies based in the cityensure that the housing market rarely3(slumps)

In third place is Hong Kong As only 7%oftheLand is residential, properties are in high demand However, this could all changesoon: prices havebeen less 4(steady) since a newvisa scheme allowed residents to moveto the UKmore easily

No one can everreallypredict the housing market.That said, whetherthese places see 5

(volatile) prices in the future, or a 6(significant) drop, it's all relative Chances are they'll still remain unaffordable forthe majority of us!

5 TASK Do some research on the global pandemic in

1918 How was the economy affected? Use some of the vocabulary from this lesson to describe the trends.

Zdrowie • Państwoispołeczeństwo•Znajomość

środkówjęzykowych Set leksykalny Unit 3 ^

®1 EXAM TASK Read texts 1 and 2 For questions

1-4, choose the answer that best matches text 1.

1 The camera was animportant gift for Jacobbecause

A itwas rareto have one

B helovedphotography

C heused it for charity

D itwas important for his hobby

2 Based on descriptions in the story, Jacobstarted

off photographingplaces

A he had neverbeentobefore

B inhabitedby the peoplehe was friendly with

C he was already familiarwith

D that were beautiful tohim

3 How doesthe author feel aboutpeople on the

Lower EastSide?

A They were hopeless and unable to behelped

B They were poor but optimistic and deserving of

more attention

C They weren’tgood Americans

D Theyfoughttoo muchwitheachother

4 Jacob was most proud that his photograph

A appeared in a glossy magazine

B beatout manyothers

C showedterrible things

D hadbeen printedwith anarticle

Based on text 2, complete sentences 5-8.

5 Orwell lefttheBrookers’ house because he found

it physically and psychologically

6 Orwell blames 19th-century for the

miserable conditions ofthe working poor

7 ToOrwell’s mind, people have a moral

responsibility toat least the lives of

thepoor

8 The slumgirl appeared much than

she probably was

2 Read text 2 again and underline the emotions

that the writer expresses when he describes:

Mrand MrsBrooker

A empathy B distaste C pity

19th-century industrialists

A admiration B disdain C fear

the young slum

A sympathy

gid

B hope c disgust

3 Orwell uses a lot of negative adjectives to

express his disgust Match the highlighted

adjectives in text 2 to the groups of words with

similar meanings below.

1 awkward,careless,ungraceful:

2 maze-like, complicated, wandering, winding:

Text City of immigrants

Jacob fiddled with the camera It was his most treasured gift, given to him for his birthday from his mother He didn’t have much experience with cameras yet, but he was

5 It was 1890 in New York City, and not many people had

record everything he saw, so that future generations would

fishermen at the docks pulling in huge nets full of fish He

io captured sheep wandering the meadow in Central Park.

their finest fashion.

But on this day, he ’d walked through the Lower East Side, where many immigrant families lived crammed into

15 close quarters He got out his camera and set it up He

pastries, of the woman sitting on her front stoop mending her children’s clothing, of the children playing games in the 2o street This part of the city was noisy — something Jacob couldn ’ t capture in a still photograph — and what struck Jacob was how many different languages he could hear The people who lived in this neighbourhood came from all over the world Many of them were poor Families struggled

25 to earn money But there was hope, too, that they could succeed in their new home.

“It must be difficult, ” Jacob said to a man who was sweeping the sidewalk in front of the shop he owned.

“ Some days it is,” said the man “ But I like to sell trinkets

30 that remind people of home Many people are here

reminding them of home, then I feel fulfilled.”

A week later, when Jacob developed his film, he found the

startling This was a part of the city most people didn’t

40 magazines and weeks later, he received a letter that one of

an article about charities that were helping children in the

3 dirty, horrible, disgusting, smelly, revolting:

4 slippery, wet, unpleasant:

5 empty,isolated,abandoned, lonely:

6 pointless, ineffective, useless:

7 lifeless, immobile, still, unmoving:_

Praca • Kultura Państwo i społeczeństwo•

Rozumienie tekstów pisanychWybór wielokrotny

Text 2

HEROADo

WIGAN

PIER

The Road to Wigan Pier was written by writer and

journalist George Orwell in 1937 It is a vivid record

of life among the poor in industrial Britain As part

of his research for the book, Orwell stayed as a tenant

5 in Mr and Mrs Brooker ’ s house, in the northern town

of Wigan The extract begins as he decides to leave

their home .

On the day when there was a full chamber-pot* under

the breakfast table I decided to leave The place was

io beginning to depress me It was not only the dirt, the

smells, and the vile food, but the feeling of stagnant

meaningless decay, of having got down into some

is of slovened* jobs and mean grievances The most

gives you the feeling that they are not real people at

talk - always the same complaints, over and over, and

always ending with the tremulous whine of, ‘ It does

25 But it is no use saying that people like the Brookers

are just disgusting and trying to put them out of mind.

they are one of the characteristic by-products of the

30 the civilisation that produced them For this is part at

sailed the Atlantic, the first steam engines tottered into

4 Complete the sentences with the adjectives in

exercise 3 Do not use foul or vile.

1 The door ofthe ovenwas withgrease

The place needed a really good clean before moving in

2 The warehousewasin a place, milesfrom

thenearest town

3 Ilostmy wayinthe narrow, streetsof The

Lanes inBrighton and had to callmyfriend for help

4 Complaining to the landlord was As long

as hegot my rent,he didn’t care!

5 The riverwas inthispartandsmelled

terrible,so wemoved to another partfor our picnic

6 I lost my deposit becauseI was and broke

the glass coffee table

French guns at Waterloo, the one-eyed scoundrels

their pockets; and this is where it all led - to

sickly, ageing people creeping round and round them like blackbeetles It is a kind of duty to see and

40 smell such places now and again, especially smell

perhaps it is better not to stay there too long.

45 foul canals, paths of cindery mud criss-crossed by the prints of clogs* This was March, but the weather

through the outskirts of the town we passed row

so after row of little grey slum houses running at right angles to the embankment At the back of one of the houses a young woman was kneeling on the stones,

ran from the sink inside and which I suppose was

55 blocked I had time to see everything about her - her

by the cold She looked up as the train passed, and

60 slum girl who is twenty-five and looks forty, thanks

expression I have ever seen It struck me then that

we are mistaken when we say that ‘ It isn ’ t the same

in the slums can imagine nothing but the slums For what I saw in her face was not the ignorant suffering

of an animal She knew well enough what was happening to her - understood as well as I did how

bitter cold, on the slimy stones of a slum backyard, poking a stick up a foul drain-pipe.

Glossary

*chamber-pot = a potusually keptunder the bed andused

— as a toilet

* slovened =dirty andmiserable (this is a word Orwellinvented)

*British squares = in 19th-century battles,soldiers stoodinsquares to fight, so that they couldfacethe enemyon all sides

* clogs=shoes made of wood that were commonly worn

bythe working poor

5 TASK Do you think being successful in your country

is usually the result of merit and hard work or privilege and connections? Think about:

education

work opportunities,socialclass and background

If you could, how would you change the situation in your society? How would this help?

Praca • Państwoispołeczeństwo Unit 3

Writing An article

V j Insight 1 Verbs expressing cause and effect

1 Choose the correct words.

1 The changethat has resulted / generated / accounted from

the settingup of drop-in centres isremarkable

2 Attributing / Leading / Bringing about change in how we

approach homelessness isone ofthe shelter’smain aims

3 Salary freezeshave given / perpetuated / triggered rise to

childhood poverty

4 Whathas led / brought / resulted to a rethinkof thesocial

security systemby the government?

5 It ishard to result / lead / account for the rise in youthcrime

over thelastfewyears

2 Read the article In which paragraph(s) 1-3 does the writer

use the strategies below?

A expressing a provocative opinion _

B providing a shockingfact _

C asking a questionto keep the readerinterested _

D personalisingthe argumentwith a narrative _

E building trust withexamples ofresearch

3 Read the article again and complete the sentences with the

correct form of the verbs below.

Y> FromApril this year,the governmentannounced that it wouldraise the national minimum wage by59pan hour to £9.50for those agedover 23.The rise of 6.6%is over double the3.1%increaseinthe cost ofliving.Thequestionremains,however:

is thisenough, especiallyhere in London? Andshould employersbe paying more? Writeinwith your opinion to editor@actionforlondon.org

attribute give lead perpetuate result trigger

Writing guide

J ‘Someexperts believe that poverty inthe developedworld

can be directly linkedto government cuts tosocial services

■ TASK Write an article (200-250 words) to describe the

reasons for the link between poverty and spending on social

services and what can be done about it You can write about

your country or anywhere else in the world.

■ PLAN Make notes about:

the causes of government cutsand changes in spending

the effectsof thesecuts on society(e.g., poverty)

what should be doneand how

■ PLAN 2 Follow the plan.

Paragraph 1: Introduce thearticle in a memorableor

provocative way

Paragraph 2: Discuss the causesandeffectsofthe cuts

Paragraph 3: Present possiblesolutionsand howwe canhelp

Paragraph 4: Sum up yourideas

■ WRITE Write your article Use the paragraph plan to help you.

■ REVIEW Check the following points.

Haveyou started your articlein a memorable or

provocativeway?

Have you asked yourreader questions to keep

themthinkingandinvolved?

Have you used a varietyofcause-and-effect language

to explorethe problem?

Have you checked grammar, vocabulary, spelling

and punctuation?

In a recent survey,nineoutof ten Londoners saidthat they considered the current minimumwage to be an insufficientamount tolive on.Having to make ends meeton such a lowincome

in oneof theworld’s mostexpensive cities can often1 inconsiderable personalhardship The minimumwage is not a living wage

inLondonand thehighcost of living makesthings worse.2 bydemands from theleftwing ofBritish politics, the minimum wage

in the UK wasintroduced in 1999 Its intentionwas to ensure that employers could not take advantage of theiremployees by payingthem too little.Inreality, however, it has3

rise to a situation in which employees insomesectors, such asretail and social care, arepaid theminimum wage even though many oftheiremployers could comfortablypaymore Effectively, ithas4 toa job marketwhichgets awaywith payingan inadequate wage What employees need in London is not a minimumwage,buta living wage.Atpresent thoseearning the minimum wage often live in poverty or have

toleave the city.TheLiving Wage Foundation welcomed the rise butstill regarditas falling short

of what a personneedsto liveon

So, what should be done?It ismorally unacceptablefor peopletobe given awage thatobliges them to live in poverty.There is an acceptance that aminimum wage somehow protects low-paid workers, when infact itmerely legitimises poverty and5 thissituation In London this is made worse by the very fact thatthe city isso wealthy Its highpricescan be directly6 to that wealth,which,inturn,makes it all the more unjustthat so manypeopleare being badly paid and forced into poverty Londoners deserve a living wage anditis

awagethat London canwell afford

Praca • Państwo i społeczeństwo Wypowiedź pisemna Artykuł

Assess your progress 1 I foundthis difficult, This was OK,

sszzza

Make a plan for whatyoucan do next to improve Discuss your ideas with your classmates / teacher

I canuse the passive tochange the focus orcreatea styleina factual text

I canuse a range of passiveconstructions tofocus onactions, not agents

How can I improve?

I canuse key words to identify the main ideas in aninformativetext

I can describetrends usinga varietyofverbs and adjectives

How can I improve?

I canrecognisecohesivedevices used to linkideasand events

I can identify anaphoric and cataphoric referencing inaparagraph

I canrecognise a range ofidiomatic phrasesabout money

How can I improve?

I can recognise specific informationin an interview

I can recognise anduse verb-noun collocationsabout advertising

I can use key language todiscussand evaluate advantages and disadvantages,

How can I improve?

Ican write an article

Icanusea varietyof techniquesto engage and maintainthe reader’s interest

I can use a variety ofverbforms to refer to causeand effect

How can I improve?

Action plan

Giveyourself a mark 1-3 foreachLearning Objectivefrom the lessor

4 Brainwaves

Vocabulary

^Insight ^Idioms and expressions with brain Vocabulary extra Memory

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

an idiom or expression with brain.

1 Have you already asked me this? Sorry, I don’t

2 I’ve been over the name of

thatactor,but Ijustcan’t remember it!

3 Warm Bath was the ofXochitl

Guadalupe CruzLópez when shewas justeight

years old The low-cost deviceheats waterusing

solar power

4 That politician invents a slogan and his supporters

just believe it They’veall been

5 You’reso You’re always losing your

keys or your phone

4 Complete the dialogue with the verbs below.

commemorates recollect reflect remindreminisce

A I knowwhat youmean.Ilove to hearmygrandma

3 about her past She can4 thetiniest details What’s thatnoise?

B It’s just mymobile Iset analarm to5 methat

my lesson starts in five minutes! Got to go!

5 Complete the article with the words below Change the form of the words where necessary.

bearout brainiac brainteaser come up withfind out memorise pass on

rack someone’s brains recollect team up

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form

of the phrasal verbs in exercise 2 There are two

phrasal verbs that you do not need.

My homework andhobbies a Lot

1 o-fmy free time during the weete, so i usually

meetpeople nt weekends

Google Deep Mind with University

Young minds often _ _some

amazinglyoriginalideas

the fact that a tomato has more genes than a human!

4

The brain questionnaire The BBC and Imperial College researchers have 1

for a new project.

They are hoping to 2 , through a series of questions, how smart the Great British public are and to gain new insights into intelligence and how we 3 things in the process The two organisations have 4 a number of

5 to gauge the nations mental capabilities They have already proved very popular The test was used over 200,000 times by wannabe 6 in the first week!

More and more evidence seems to 7 the idea that being more intelligent could bring certain benefits: a lower dementia risk, a better chance of success and even a longer life.

Scientists hope to build up a clearer picture of how the brain works In time, this could be 8 to the general public, resulting in improved public health in the future.

This has to be good news for anyone who has problems 9

conversations they’ve had or constantly feels like they’re 10 to understand the most basic concepts!

5 Danjust wants to with starting his

own businessas soon as possible

6

It is believed that the Greek astronomer

6 TASK What kind of ‘brain training’ do you do in the activities below? Discuss and

a partner.

do jigsawpuzzleslearna musical instrument

compare your ideas with

dobrainteasers learn a new language meditate

Człowiek • Nauka i technika

Verb patterns

£ 1 Choose the correct answer for each gap so that the

text is logical and grammatically correct Circle A, B,

C or D.

Smart creatures without a brain

Despite1, some plants areableto behaveinways

that make it seem like theydohaveone Researchers at the

University of Wurzburg found that someof them can count to

five! When an insect2 on hairs oftheVenusflytrap,

thehairs send electric signals through the stems A maximum

of fivehairs triggered by the prey, and no fewer, enablethe

plant3 a deadly cocktailof enzymes, which begin

to digest theinsect.Sleeping is something you can’t help

doing if youhavea brain! If youdon’t, then there’sno need to

4, right? Wrong!TheCassiopea jellyfish isacase in

point Inthe day, thejellyfish’s body pulsatesat an average of

once a second However,at night this5 by around

30%.Is this proofthat a creature withouta brain6 in

achieving somethingresembling sleep?

A seemingbrainy A have rested

B being brainless B beresting

C having a brainwave C have been resting

D doing hare-brained D rest

B islanding C has slowed

A to deliver B had succeeded

B delivering C hassucceeded

D bedelivered

The infinitive and -ing form:

continuous, perfect and passive

2 Correct the mistakes in the underlined phrases.

1 My mother will never forget to be shockedby my first

dejavuexperienceas a three-year-old We happen to

have visitingSiena the day before my grandparents

arrived It wasmy first time there We turnedinto the

large square and I ‘remembered’ to havingbeen there

before with my grandfather!

2 My great-grandfather has a very sharp mind Hedidn’t appreciate having be called infora memory test Within

20 minutes, having quizzedon several tests, the doctor was convincedthat hehas afantastic memory forhis age

3 At school, I remember oneday my dad wasangry with

me I had beenat a party with my friends when Iwasmeant to havebeen revised foran importantexamthenext day Ihad punished,but I was happy because I gottop marks inthe exam!

3 Complete the article with the verbs below.

being immersed havebeen based having experienced not yet having formed

to be cared for tobe invited

How to 'build' a baby's brain

The firstfive years of a chi ds fe is when theirbrain will develop most And1 inquality experiences, both positive andnegative,is likely tohave a big edect on how their brain develops.From physicalpoint ofview, nmer first year, when babieshave

2 themost,therbra ns doublein size!Bythe age

offive, when you’dthinkmost chi me" cart recall3much in the way of life, their brainis 90% ofthe size of an adult’s.However, alot has gone on in this time The most important influences ona child’s brain are relationshipsformed with adults.Any parent understands that theyare bound*

toengage with their offspringat all hoursof the day, and night!Babiesdo thisthroughsmiling, cooing and crying This isdueto

5 the ability to speak The adult’s responseisimportant to thewiring ofthebaby’sbrain, in process knownas

‘serve andreturn’.Therefore, if someone’s pre-school yearstend to 6

on dependable loving relationships, they’reoff to agreat start

4 TASK Think of a memorable event that happened when you were a child Why do you think you remember it? What did this experience teach you? Write an account, using as many of the forms below

as possible.

I was sitting/standing

I remember having

I happened tohavebeen

Ispent (afewmoments)

I tried really hard

Człowiek* Świat przyrody • Nauka i technika• Znajomość środków językowych Wybór wielokrotny Unit 4

Listening, vocabulary and speaking

Insight k Adjectives describing intelligence

\ and ability _

1 Complete the sentences with the adjectives below.

articulate dexterous discerning introspective

intuitive methodical observant receptive

1 Itisn’tjust dancerswho need to be

Occupations like surgeons and engineers also require

precise movements

2 Peoplehave to be to new ideas if they

want to becomemore open-minded and tolerant

3 Songwritersare often, drawingon their

own personalthoughts, feelingsand life experiences

in theirlyrics

4 That journalist has a eye for detail which

leaves the editor withan easy job

5 I thought the therapist expressed her ideasvery

evocatively Sheis avery person

6 Many everyday tasks, such as planninga route

ormanaginga budget, requireus to work in a

way

7 As a teacher, I am required to be inthe

classroom.I need to makesure I notice things like body

languageand facial expressions

8 Regardless of a person’sexperience and training, some

businessmen and womenpreferto act on

feelings to reach their decisions

Vocabulary extra Abilities and traits

2 Complete the sentences by changing the form of the

word in brackets There are two words that you do

not need to change.

1 Whenit comes to gadgets for people with limited

movement,these designs show a lot of

(ingenious)

2 You’llneverhearher bragging about her success Her

(modest)prevents her from doing that

3 Ajudge shoulddisplay the highest personal

(integrity)

4 My daughter cannot play the piano to save herlife,

but thenIhad zero(dexterous) as a

childaswell!

5 Magnus has always showed great (diligent)

in hisapproach to work, but perhaps

heneeds to develop his interpersonalskills

6 I’msignedup for a maths course to helpme pass

my exam I’ve never really had much

(aptitude) for numbers

7 It’s no surprise she becameanengineer She always

had a natural(curious) about how things

worked

8 Whatever levelsof(agile)you display as

a child, it’s inevitablethat these diminish over time

Signposting a presentation

3 0)4.01 Listen to two teachers giving a talk about their school What is ‘Opening Minds’?

A a training curriculum to improve teacher competence

B a chainofschools forgiftedstudents

C a different way of teaching core subjects in schools

4 0)4.01 Listen again Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?

1 Thespeakers are able to giveonly anoverview of experience fromtheir own school

2 Melaniestartswitha quotation to underlinetheproblems herstudentshave

3 Opening Minds focuses on five mainareas which are sub-divided intolearning aims

4 An Opening Minds syllabus doesn’tteachstudents throughclasses on individual subjects

5 Scott quotes a student who is in favour of theprogramme

6 Students areexpected totakeresponsibility for theirown learning

7 Scottsays that visits from experts andtrips abroad help students withtheirlearning

8 The speakers’ students receiveda positiveappraisal

oftheir skills andattitude

5 0)4.01 Look at the phrases below Putthem into the correct column of the table Listen again and underline the phrases you hear.

Moving on from

Im goingtostart by

So that was Now Iwantto

It’s important to note that

OK, my next pointconcerns

I’dlike to point out that

Ask the audience direct questions

Tella story or joke

Refer to your own knowledge or experience

Unit 4 Człowiek • Edukacja

Vocabulary and grammar

V) Insight1 ^Word analysis

1 Complete the sentences with the words below.

affluent alumni gowns lug party

portmanteau stranglehold under-represented

1 A is aword like fanzine, whichis a

combination of fan and magazine

2 Womenare still in high levels of

management

3 Let’sgeta taxiorwe’llhave to everything

from the station to our hotel

4 The new sanctions are designed to put a

onthe country’s trade withthe rest of the world

5 Traditionally only the most families can

afford to attend private schools

6 She workshard, butshe also lovesto

when the opportunityarises

7 A large number ofthe university’s attend

the eventeachyear

8 The Oxford studentswore to their formal

meals,whichmeanttheywere all dressed in black

Articles

2 Read the quotations about class and accent Choose

the correct words.

1 lose The / - rich cannot afford to be.’

MRC Kasasian (writer)

‘ Being the / an MP is a / the sort of job all

Diane Abbott (politician)

‘The / - capitalism has always been a / the

failure for the lower classes It is now beginning

$ to fail for the middle classes ’

Howard Zinn (historian, playwright and activist)

- school is the fact that the / — most important

4 things can ’ t be learned at the / - school ’

Malala Yousafzai (Pakistani activist)

‘The / - class is dead? People looking for a /

-house is ’

Phil Spencer (property expert)

3 Complete the article with a / an, the or - (= no article).

- that is,7 _ poor who find themselves in a precarious situation.

More man 160,000 people took part in8 _ same sun e> maxing it9 _ largest ever study of the British class s\ stem Assessment of class has traditionally been based on 10 _wealth, education and occupation, but Fiona Devine,11 Professor of Sociology at Manchester University, argued that this was too simplistic Working with Mike Savage from12 _ London School of Economics, she set out to get13 _more sophisticated picture They measured not only economic capital, but also social capital -14 _number and status of the people you know, and cultural capital -15 _extent and nature of your cultural interests.

The other five classes between the two extremes are: Established Middle Class - with high levels of all three capitals, they are16 _ gregarious and culturally engaged Technical Middle Class - a new, small class with high economic capital but17 _ less cultural engagement and few social contacts.

New Affluent Workers - with medium levels of economic capital and higher levels of cultural and social capital, this group is made up of18 _ young and active.

Emergent Service Workers - characterised by low economic capital but high cultural and social capital, this is another young group often found in19 _ urban areas Traditional Working Class - older on average than the others, and scoring low on all20 _three capitals, although they are not21 _poorest.

4 TASK Is there a similar class system in your country?

Do you think it’s possible to change the class you are born into? Why do you think people often want to?

Człowiek Państwo i społeczństwo Unit 4

^ttMflttMMiB^^

1 O) 4.02 Can you recognise different British

accents? Listen to five recordings and match

the speaker to the area.

2 Read the text that has been divided into

four parts (A-D) and the sentences (1-5)

Match each part of the text to one of the

sentences Write answers in the table One

text matches two sentences.

for accents posted by

Geordielass

In which part of the text does

the author

referto some prejudicetowards

certain regional accents?

refer to the linguistic origin

of Geordie?

describe a modern interpretation

ofan established technique?

imply that theGeordie accent

4 islooked down on bysome

people?

mentionthat there is some

_ disagreement amongst the

public aboutwherenative

‘Geordies’ are from?

Answer

(a)‘Diwent fret, pet Keep ganninand youse’lllarnhow te speak Geordie.’ Or to those born outside theNorth East, ‘Don’t worry, love Keep going and you’lllearn how to speak Geordie.' Luckily forme, I already do, so Iwas intrigued to see that Geordie, andmore broadlythe topic of UK accents,had been much inthe news

3 What is the writer’s intention in varying

the content and tone across the blog post?

Choose the correct answers.

1 Starting and ending the blog post with

Geordieis intended to

A teach peoplea fewlocalwords

B create a hook andprovide balance

2 In part B, blessed and so-calledindicate a

A slight irritationat theidea ofa benchmark

forspeaking

B dislike for people withregional accents

3 Stating that communication-based

businessesare located in Tyneside

A shows thatthe north of England is

economically buoyant

B reinforces the pointthat the Geordie

accent is well liked

4 In part C,sadly, poor, endured and even

indicate thatthewriter

A doesn’tthinkaccent prejudiceis justified

B is fond of Birmingham andLiverpool

5 In partC,thewriter's tone ismore

A serious to reinforcethe message

B neutral to givethe reader some facts

6 In part D, the idea ofaGeordie appis

A something the writer might considerdoing

B a light-hearted suggestion

s But first a bit of background.Leavingaside localdisputes about where Geordielandstarts andends, thedictionary tellsus that Geordie is:

1 A native or inhabitant of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, or its environs

2 ThedialectofEnglish spoken byGeordies

And here, dialect, ratherthan accent,is important.Geordie rejoices inarange of

io colourful language Much ofthelocal vocabulary stems from OldEnglish Saxon).A few examples of words you mighthearonthe streets ofTyneside: bairn(‘child’), bonny (‘pretty’), canny (‘kind’), gan (‘go’)

(Anglo-(b) Most Geordies areproudof the distinctive way they speak, but thereseems to

be a love-haterelationshipin the restof the country.Pat Glass, MP for the city

is of Durham until 2017,complained that womenwith northern accents were beingjeeredat in parliament bymembers blessed with Received Pronunciation - the so- called ‘standard’English Ironic, as estimates suggest only 2% of the UK population actually speakRP

Geordie enjoys the affectionof thegeneral public Astudy foundthat the Geordie

20 accent isnot onlybelieved to be the friendliest inthe UK, but is alsothe most likely

to put you inagood mood Small wonder, then,thatseveralcompanies have located their customer service centres in Tyneside, as theGeordieaccent is associated with

‘warmth,genuineness, friendliness and understanding’.(c)Otheraccentswhich also score highly onthe nation’s list of favourites can be heard

25 in Edinburgh, where thepeople are thoughtto sound ‘intelligent’ and ‘pleasant’andthe West Country, where the speakers were thought ofas ‘affable’ and ‘trustworthy’.Myself, I’m all for a lovely Welsh lilt or anIrishbrogue - it's likebeing serenaded But sadly, notallour regions have fared so well For decades, the poorBrummies enduredthetitle of‘worst accent inBritain’, with somecommentators going sofaras to say

30 they are unintelligible.Similarly, the gutturalScouse accent has been associated with

a lack of trustworthiness, unfriendlinessand even low intelligence

And there’s animportant pointbehind all this.Recent research by a currentaffairsprogrammeshows that 28% of Britonsfeel theyhave been held back because of theirregional accent Just think whattalent is being neglected by such subjectivity

35 (d) Personally, I’vealways been interested in what people say, not how they sayit AndI haven’tever felt theneed to pass myself off as anything but Geordie (though

I dotendto tone down the accentand stickto standard vocabulary whenin

‘mixedcompany’)

Butforthose who dowant tochange their accent, perhaps technology is the way

io forward An iPhone apphas been launched to help people speak the Queen’s English.Apparently,there are training exercises like those thatHenryHiggins set for ElizaDoolittle inPygmalion.Maybe I should doa Geordieappand send it tothe Queen

Ye knaa what ah mean, leik?

Kultura • Rozumienie tekstów pisanychDobieranie

BrummieBanter:

I 1 Nice Pos^ 've beent°'d mYaccent isa‘nasal drone'in the

past, so it’s goodto see someonestand upfordifferentways

of talking.Ifwe all spoke RP, we’dbemissing out onall the

weird andwonderful ways people speak in different regions

of the UK

- - e

®northoftheborder:

TheQueen’s Englishapphas got tobe animprovement on

Siri!'Pieces’ is Scottish for sandwiches.I asked Siri to ‘remind

meto take mypiecesto work’ It came back with‘take my

PC to work’!

- * i

Qlongliveliverpool:I'm proudof my Scouseaccent.People know who I am

because when Imdown southI stand out!As long as I can

get my messageacross, what’s the bigdeal?Use it orlose it,

Isay.It would be a shame if regional accentsdied out

bristolforever:

' ) Someone with 'the Queen's English' said that he couldn’t tell

regional accents apart! Pretty rude, huh? Without accents,

we’d nothave local colourand heritage.Ilove myBristol

twang! It reminds me ofwhereI'm from when I’matuni

4 Study the highlighted verbs in the blog post and comments Choose the correct definitions.

1 Try to your accent when you speak to

my mum She’llnever understand you, especially if you speak quickly!

2 The thirdcandidate forthe job really

Hehasa real aptitude for numbers

3 I wasworried I’d be inmycareerbecause of my accent, but I’ve had no problems

8 It essential to thepointwhenhaving a heated debate

6 TASK Look at the key findings of a 2020 report into bias in Britain regarding candidates’ accents

in job interviews How do you think this could be resolved? Think about exposure, education and choice of career.

KEY FINDINGSAccent hierarchy exists and has done so for

50 years, since the earliest surveys

In professional contexts,accent bias is weaker butstill influences howajob candidate isperceived

Professionalshave theabilityto mitigate theeffects ofaccentbias

Raising awareness ofaccent bias is an effective intervention

Człowiek • Praca Kultura Unit 4

Writing Afor-and-againstessay

1 Complete the nouns and adjectives in these

sentences with the correct endings.

1 There wasonly a slight vari between

the answers given

2 Thecorrespond we’ve had with the

companyhasbeen rathersporadic

3 Theterms ‘mind’ and ‘brain’ areoften seen as

interchange.although manyexpertswould draw a distinction between the two

4 Thereis a wide diverg _ofopinion regarding

the efficacyof brain-training gamesand puzzles

5 Bilingual children from two dispar _cultures

often find it hardto adapt fromoneto theother

6 Thereis a high degree of homogen

of accentinCanada andAustralia

7 The results ofthe survey aresomewhat

contradic, so we areunableto draw anyfirm conclusions

8 Studies suggest that some animals undergo

experiences analog to dreaming inhumans

2 Complete the second sentence in each pair to make it

sound more informal Use the phrases below.

bigger and bigger is the same as the most popular weren’t better

1 A The adverts that used disparateregionalaccents

proved to have the greatest appeal for the public

B The ads thatdidn’t use a standard accent were

2 A Surprisingly, intensivepracticedid not result inan

B In countries wherethe state controls education,

a lessonin one school one inthe next

4 A There is anever-increasing disparitybetween levels

of graduate education and starting salaries

B The gap between what graduates know and howmuch they are paid is getting

3 Read the description of social media screening In

what other situations might observing an individual’s

social media profile be useful?

profiles.

profiles when looking at prospective employees during

their hiring process.

4 Complete the essay with the examples of ‘marked language’ below.

‘get the right mix’ ‘high-flyers’ fromthe ‘no-hopers’

‘imperfect’than ‘perfect’ ‘let theirhair down’

‘put a gloss’ ‘the whole picture’

Social media profiling

According toarecentsurveyby CareerBuilder, 70%ofemployerslookatsocial media profiles as part of their hiring process But is this areliable method of finding talent?

Onthe onehand, someone’ssocial media profileisa quickand efficientmethod of separating the1 Youhaveaccess tohobbies, likes, dislikes and a generalfeel fortheir character andprofessionalism.It only natural thatyou’d wantto2 whenitcomes to who would

be a suitable fit in the officeenvironment

On theotherhand, thistype ofinvestigating can bemisleading, as manypeople tend to3 on theirsocial media persona Itisimpossible forthe employerto predict whatthey’d actually belikeday to day You mightrealisethey’re more4 for the job whenyoumeetthemface to face.In addition, itcomes across as a little intrusive to see what people do outside work

Inconclusion,there are reasons for and against usingsocial media profiling In my opinion,it should be used as

a last resort.Workersshould be freeto make a distinctionbetween their professional and personal life People will

5 from time to time My advice to employers

is if you really want to see6 , then call them

infor interview!

Writing guide

CD ■ TASK Some people think that social media profiling would be a valuable tool in selecting university students Write a for-and-against essay (200-250 words) on the topic presenting the advantages and disadvantages of using social media profiling in this way.

■ PLAN Follow the plan.

Paragraph 1: Write anintroduction with a clearoutline

ofthetopic and write your thesis statement in whichyoudeclare that both argumentsfor and arguments against will be discussed

Paragraph 2: Present the advantages

Paragraph 3: Present the disadvantages

Paragraph 4: Write a conclusion, givingyourown balanced opinion

■ WRITE Write your essay Use the paragraph plan

to help you.

■ REVIEW Check the following points.

Haveyou presenteda balanced argument?

Haveyouchecked grammar, vocabulary, spellingand punctuation?

NKk Unit 4 Edukacja Życieprywatne • Wypowiedź pisemna Rozprawka

Assess your progress 1 I foundthis difficult. 2 This was OK.

Make a planfor what you can do next to improve Discussyourideaswith your classmates / teacher

Action plan

3 Icando thiswell

1 can recognise andunderstandparaphrasing / rephrasing of parts ofa text

1can recognisea range of idiomatic phrases about the brain

1 1can recognisesome phrasalverbs and their Latin synonyms J*

1 canrecognisespecific informationina discussion

1 canuse a variety ofverbpatterns to describe lifeevents

1 can anticipate the contentof a talk based ontheintroduction

1 can describe ability and intelligence using a varietyof adjectives

1 canuse signposting languageto structure a presentation ^

u

c

o

in

i 1 canuse a range of strategiestounderstand new words

1 cancontrast articles (a/an, the, zeroarticle)

1 can use a variety of marked language toappeal to awider audience

1can describe similarityand differenceusing a variety of adjectives andnouns

LU

in

Give yourself a mark 1-3 for each Learning Objective from the lesson

5 The road less travelled

Vocabulary

Insight Phrases with road, path, track

\ and way _

V) Insight Verbs of movement

1 Complete the text with the correct word: road, path,

track or way.

3 Match the verbs below to sentences 1-6 There is one verb that you do not need.

The bike boom

accelerate advance chug pop stroll trudge zoom

According to a recent survey by Deloitte, the number of

peoplebiking to workdoubled between 2020 and 2022,

and this trendshows no sign of stopping.Thisis good

news forthe environment,reducing congestion and

improving air quality, thussmoothing the1

for much-needed social change

But what is causingthis shift in habit? It’seasy to lose

2 of how much thepopulationsin cities

haverisen in recent years.In2018 there were1.7billion

city dwellers andit’s estimatedthere will bearound

2.5 billion by 2050 This is precisely what is drivingthe

change Making your3 to work is only

going toget more challengingon our alreadyover­

stretched transport systems It won’t mean the end

of the for vehicular travel,but itwill mean

that fewer and fewer peopleput up with beingstopped

dead in their5 in cars, buses or trains, and

will choose to get on theirbikes instead

In addition,e-bikes areencouragingmore ofus to get

ontheright6 bymaking cycling more

attractive evenfor non-sportytypes They’ve comea

long sincetheir inventionin 1895 and

in 2019 there were 200 million e-bikes on the streets

worldwide Furtherdownthe 8 thisnumber

ispredicted to increaseto 30Q million by 2023

Vocabulary extra Climate change

2 Match the words in A to the words in B to make

compound nouns and adjectives Then complete

describes a process which doesn’t addextra carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

ispower generated from solarenergyand windpower, for example

isthe amount ofharmful gases caused

by human activity

1 2 3 4

5 6

The old train moved slowly out ofthe station

I’m justgoing for ashortvisit to the shop to get milk.Thecar quickly went from 0 to 80mph!

The retiredcouple were able to jumpona plane andfly off to an exotic holiday destination

MrAndrewswentfora gentle walk aroundthe city After the flight we walkedslowly throughthe airport with ourheavy bags

CD4 EXAM TASK Read the text Complete each gap (1-4)

so that the text is cohesive and logical Full grammar and spelling accuracy is required.

I even had time to pop into a cafe to grab a coffee!

JANET AND LILY: We landed at Kuala Lumpur airport and had trudged

hotel At the crack of dawn, we set off for Gemas and started the train journey: the fastest way to travel by land The train accelerated quickly

DIRK: Last April, we went on the Glacier Express in Switzerland, thought

would this really be an interesting trip? We arrived at the small station

in the mountain resort of St Moritz early in the morning With a lot of

4 in the clean mountain air Once we had boarded the train, we looked out at the spectacular scenery as the old engine chugged

POST A COMMENT | REPORT | NEWTHREAD | HOME

5 TASK Which modes of transport could rival the use

of bikes in the cities of the future? Give reasons for your answers.

Podróżowanie i turystyka •Znajomość środków językowych Zadanie z lukami

Emphatic structures: cleft sentences,

fronting and emphatic do _

1 Rewrite the sentences using emphatic structures.

1 William Kamkwamba was the real-life person whothe film The Boy

Who Harnessed The Windwasbased on

The real-life person _

2 Travelling down the Nile may seem relaxing,butit isstill hometo the

Nile crocodile,one oftheworld’s largest reptiles!

Relaxingastravelling

3 During theMesozoic Era (252 to 66 millionyearsago), Africawas

attachedto all theother continents

It was

4 Not everyone is a fanofthe entrepreneur Elon Musk, buthe invested

inelectric vehiclesat least

Not everyoneis a fan

5 It’s afact thatthere are over1,500 languages spokenonthe African

continent

The fact is

6 The Titanic was going too fastdespite the threat of icebergs

The problemwas _

3 Read the short synopses of famous works

of fiction Correct the sentences by adding one word to each.

2 Complete the text about the real-life journey of Mario Rigby

using emphatic structures and the information below.

Itwas LakeMalawi,theninthlargest lake inthe world

Thenhe realised howkindpeople could be

He'llnever forgetthewelcome hereceived

Mario had set out to inspirepeople

Hefinished in Cairo in Egypt

He only had to give up everythingfor over twoyears

C rossing A frica

MarioRigby fromCanada hada dream The fitness

instructor wanted to walk or kayak the entire length ofAfrica

All1 !So, in November 2015, he did just that

Onhistrip, he walkedand kayaked through eight countries

andwasaccompanied by local people the whole way It

2

Ashe travelled, he broke the stereotypes that most people,

including himself,had of the continent The povertyanddanger

did exist in places,it was true.But it3

The wholeexperience was mentally andphysicallychallenging:

beingattacked bywild dogs, spending a nightin jail and kayaking

acrossa lake The last bit soundseasy, doesn’t it?The problem

4

Theplace where5 That was an incredible

12,000 kmfromhis startingpoint in Cape TowninSouthAfrica

What6 He especially wanted to encourage

people to be braveandexplore the world

1 Lord of the Fliesby William Golding (1954):The truth that, left alone,a group of boyswill becomeuncivilised

2 The Swiss Family Robinsonby Johann David Wyss (1812):

Hard it is to believe, thefamily members decide tostay ontheirdesertisland when help eventually arrives

3 Life of Pi by Yann Martel (2001):

Whatthe narrator,Pi,is share aboat with a hungry tiger for227 days

4 The RoadbyCormac McCarthy <2006):

Itwas a globalcatastrophe destroyed normal life and lefta father and son alone

4 TASK Imagine that you have just completed a trip like Mario Rigby, but instead you have walked the length

of your country Tell the story of your experience and talk about:

where youhave been

what happened

whatyourscariest momentswere

Podróżowanie iturystyka• Kultura Unit 5

Listening, vocabulary and speaking

V) Insight 1 ^ Commonly confused adjectives Expressing emphasis

1 Choose the correct words.

1 Re-entering theatmosphereis dangerousfor a

spacecraftasit reachesvery high temperatures, but

thereis noalternate / alternative.

2 A notable / noticeable figure inspace flight history

was ValentinaTereshkova,the first woman in space

in 1963

3 Itis compulsive / compulsory for NASA astronauts

to pass an extremely challengingphysical

evaluation

4 Neil Armstrongwas the first man towalk on the moon

in 1969.It was an historic / historical occasion.

5 In 1967, Soviet astronautVladimir Mikhaylovich

Komarov died aftera technological / technical

fault causedhis parachute to fail on re-entry

6 Costs caused thespace shuttle programme to be

cancelled in 2011 It wasn’teconomic / economical.

7 China hasdefinite / definitive plans to buildits own

space station

2 0)5.01 Listen to a radio science programme

about the problems a person would face if he or

she tried to drill a hole through the middle of the

Earth and travel through it Choose the problems

the expert mentions.

A the difficulties involved in drillingthe hole

B thehuge distance to travel

C the wind speed in thehole

D theimmense atmospheric pressure

E the risk of crashing intorocks

F the speed that he or she would travel at

G the extremely high temperatures

crust

inner core

3 4>))5.01 Complete the sentences with the phrases below There is one phrase that you do not need Then listen again and check your answers.

by far ever so no matter what nowondernotjust welland truly without doubt

1 Anyonewho jumped into it would be cooked

by thetime theycame outthe other side

2 we haven’t dug a tunnel yet!

3 the deepest tunnel anywhere intheworldonly goes down about 13 km

4 material wemake ourdrillsfrom, they’ll melt

at that kind of temperature

5 , theeffects ofgravity mean that Graham would passthrough the tunnel at a heckofa pace

6 before hurtling back quickly throughthetunnelinthe direction he’s just come from

7 .he’d end up cooked, butcrushedor pulledinto verysmall pieces

4 An international space agency wants to build a space colony on Europa or Titan Read the factfiles and then write a report for the space agency about the problems associated with building a colony on each moon, and suggesting which moon would be the better possibility.

Water: Beneaththesurface lies a salty liquidocean full of oxygen

Comments: Rich in carboncompounds / hasasimilarly dense atmosphere to Earth

Europa

Location: 778million km from Earth

Temperature: Between-160 and -220°C

Surface: Solidice

Atmosphere: Oxygen far too thin to breathe

Water: Beneath the surface lies asalty liquidoceanfull of oxygen

Comments: More water than Earth has /there may be hot springs onthe bottomofthe oceans

5 TASK Work with a partner One of you wants to build

a space colony on Europa, the other wants to build one

on Titan Discuss why you think your planet is the better choice Remember to use the rules of turn-taking.

Avoid interrupting

Manage interruptions: Just a minute ./ Don ’t interrupt, please / Hang on, let me finish .

Signalfor speakers to resume: Carry on / Go ahead

Unit 5 Nauka i technika • Świat przyrody

Vocabulary and grammar

V) Insight ^Nouns formed from phrasal verbs

1 Complete the text with the words below.

downfall downpour hold-ups outlook

run-up setback upbringing washouts

The Tuareg

For thousands of years,

the nomadic people known

as the Tuareg have been

crossing the Sahara along

five main trade routes

Their trade: salt, carried by

large caravans of camels.

Learning how to navigate the sands is a big part of their

1 Without these skills, the 2

8 Across thesea _

4 TASK Imagine you are setting off on a journey through the jungle, across the sea or across the ice to the North Pole Invite a friend to go with you What challenges do you think you would face along the way? How could you prepare for them? Think about:

extreme weather

navigation

wild animals

for the Tuareg would be bleak.

It’s easy to forget that the Sahara presents many challenges,

even to the Tuareg, and planning during the 3

to a journey is essential.

In the boiling temperatures, a lack of water could prove a

major 4 Around half of the desert receives

under three centimetres of rain annually — hardly a

5! Therefore, it helps to know where the

oases and waterholes are located en route.

But not knowing how to reach them might be your

6 Navigation is key: the Tuareg have

traditionally used the night sky and constellations to calculate

distance and direction, much like sailors used to do.

In the daytime, they rely heavily on landmark navigation

For the untrained eye, the lack of obvious distinguishable

features would lead to many 7 along the way.

However, the Tuareg are able to notice minute details in

the rocks and sand colour They also observe the position

of the sun - one advantage of cloudless skies and zero

• The6 ^of C-awcer awd Capricornare two

imaginaryLines at about 23.5degrees north and 23.sdegrees south of the7_

• There are also a numberofother imaginaryhorizontaland vertical Lines which make kind ofgrid aroundthe Earth These arecalled8

Theycan beused to plot the locationof any place

onEarth

Emphatic structures: inversion

3 Rewrite the eight sentences in the story using the emphatic structures below.

Navigation in Ancient Polynesia

'The first settlers of Polynesia were so brave that they left

explore the Pacific Ocean in

travelled confidently in this vast body of water.

their course ;They reached the first island and set about discovering numerous others.

they were finished, the na\igab took trade winds which flowed north-east ■ -outh-west.

They had such a good understanding of the natural world that they knew small islands could be reflected

in the undersides of clouds They sailed across the sea

how far away from land they were.

Vocabulary extra ^Maps and navigation

2 Complete the student’s notes with the correct form

of the words below Use one of the words twice.

equator hemisphere latitude longitude

parallel prime meridian tropic

geography notes

• There is m^^uwyjf^ which 0oes aroui/id

themiddle of theearth, splitting it ntotwo _

_ 1, worth a wd south Thisisfewoww asthe

2 ithas a 3 ofzero degrees

• There is awother i/wagiwaryLiwewhichgoes from

the North Poleto the south Pole,called the

4 it has a5 of zerodegrees

Podróżowanie i turystyka • Świat przyrody Unit 5

1 Read these sentences about the sun and say whether you

think they are true (T) or false (F) Then read the article

and check your answers.

1 The sun isactuallya star

2 A space probehasalready travelled to the sun

3 The sun’s surface is whereyou’d experience the most

extremetemperature

4 The highest temperature any terrestrial material could

resist is4,000°C

5 Thereis a part ofthe sun which is completely dark

Ct) 2 EXAM TASK Read the text with five sentences removed

from it Match one of the sentences (A-F) to each gap (1-5)

so that the text is cohesive and logical Write the correct

letter in each gap One sentence is extra and does not

match any of the gaps.

A This is where the sun’s gravity would hit youlike a ton of

bricks So great is it that a 70kg person on Earth would weigh

around 2,000 kg in this region!

B The sun issohot that everything on it is agas Infact,it isa

mass of incandescent gas—a flaming ball of hydrogenand

helium; it basically agigantic furnace

C On top of this,the temperature wouldbe a blistering15 million

degrees, making it the hottest place anywhere inour solar

system.Here, inthe depths ofthe sun’sburning heart,is

where the energy isproduced

D From the firstrocket that reached the edge of spaceback in

1946, to the moonlandings in1969, the firstspace station in

1971 and NASA’sPerseverance Rover landingon Mars in2021

E Next is theradiative zone and the sun’s densestlayer

Intriguingly,as it’s so thick, light waves are unable totravel

through it, making this layerpitchblack

F Despite the obvious limitations of both distance and heat,

NASA’sParkerSolar Probe has now advancedfurther

towards the sun’ssurface than ever before: in December 2021,

NASA reported that it had hurtled throughthe sun’s

1 tohang something from a place

2 to be strong enough to remain unharmedor unchangedby

something

3 to desire something very much in away that is difficult to

control

4 to showthat something is about to happen,usually bad

5 to be farbetter than something orsomeone else

6 to examine something very closely andcarefully

Unit 5 Podróżowanie i turystyka Nauka i technika • Świat przyrody • Rozumienie tekstów pisanychDobieranie

there is one thing that would quite literally outshine all of these if it could be achieved:

a journey to the sun.

The sun is in fact a star, the only one visible to us during daylight hours

Essentially, it's a perfect sphere of glowing gases and the most vital energy source for life on Earth Not only do we rely on the sun to illuminate our world and crave its heat to keep us warm, but sunlight is also essential for photosynthesis in plants and the production of vitamin D in some animals, including humans.

Even small changes in the sun's activity can have serious consequences for the health of Planet Earth, which is why NASA scrutinises it continuously from a distance (When I say from a distance, I mean as close as we can get to something that is estimated to be 5,500°C on its surface!) 2 _ In effect, this was the first time in history that any spacecraft had touched the star.

But what if we went closer? Let's just imagine for a moment that we were going

to travel through the different layers of the sun We'd start with the corona Ironically perhaps, this layer is actually hotter than the 'surface' The corona extends between seven and ten million kilometres into space and blazes at a whopping one million degrees.

Next, we would get to the chromosphere, rings of gas suspended in an extremely powerful magnetic field The temperature here is still a significant 10,000°C.

Below this is the photosphere, which is the 'surface' of the sun we can see from Earth 3 Without going into too much detail, it would spell the end for you!