Oxford navigate c1 advanced workbook with key

Oxford navigate c1 advanced workbook with key Oxford navigate c1 advanced workbook with key Oxford navigate c1 advanced workbook with key Oxford navigate c1 advanced workbook with key Oxford navigate c1 advanced workbook with key

Julie Moore with additional material by Edward Alden Series Adviser Catherine Walter Navigate Workbook with key Advanced > C1 OXFORD Julie Moore with additional material by Edward Alden Series Adviser Catherine Walter avigate Workbook with key Advanced ` > OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Change Or foresee Grammar Vocabulary ™ time and speed ™ change © using a dictionary Speaking ™ vague language (1): approximation Writing ™ areport based on a graph page 10 Grammar ™ noun phrases ™ perfect forms 10 12 Vocabulary ™ phrases with adverbs ™ collocations for describing problems and solutions collocations of perception and sound 11 12 14 15 Writing asummary 15 Reading for pleasure ™ The Open Window Review: Units & Grammar ™ auxiliary verbs © articles Vocabulary ™ behaviour and attitude ™ success and failure ™ prepositional phrases Speaking ™ checking and rephrasing Writing a proposal Grammar degrees of obligation passives Vocabulary © responsibility phrases with care connotation Speaking p2øe 24 24 27 25 26 28 ™ formal negotiations 29 Writing a balanced argument essay 29 Listening for pleasure Sitting is 30 Review: Units & 31 Power Grammar ™ relative clauses ™ quantifiers Vocabulary Speaking © an informal talk Teams Navigate has been based on the Oxford 3000 Responsibility ™ comparing continuous forms Feats Oxford 3000™ to ensure that learners are only covering the most relevant vocabulary page 32 32 34 ™ common phrases with relative pronouns ™ phrases with of to describe quantity ™ compound adjectives and nouns 33 35 36 16 Speaking ™ managing conversations 37 ™ emphasis: inversion and cleft sentences (oe) Writing Play 37 page 38 19 20 Grammar ™ uses of would ™ verb patterns 38 40 18 21 22 Vocabulary preferences leisure, relaxation and stress ™ words with more than one meaning 39 41 42 23 23 Speaking vague language (2) 43 Writing ™ online reviews 43 Reading for pleasure Apps that make a difference 44 Review: Units & 45 Emotion and reason D48 4ó Grammar ™ hypotheses © unreality Vocabulary ™ emotions ™ reacting to events ™ metaphor New Grammar 46 48 47 49 50 Speaking © informal negotiations 51 writing ™ comment adverbs 51 Plastic 10 page 52 Grammar © probability and speculation ™ participle clauses 53 54 Vocabulary ™ properties of materials © phrasal verbs formal and informal language 52 55 56 ™ noun phrases ® position of adverbials Vocabulary I2 22812 66 68 ™ money 67 ™ understanding idioms 70 Speaking ™ reaching a consensus 71 ™ new and old writing 69 ™@ an email enquiry 71 Reading for pleasure ™ Mindfulness 72 Review: Units & 10 11 Origins Grammar 73 D289 74 ï- adjective position ™ whoever, whatever, wherever, no matter 74 76 75 77 78 Speaking speculating, comparing and contrasting 57 writing ™ a problem-solution-evaluation essay or report 57 Vocabulary ™ adjectives and adverbs beginning with a™ food preparation ™ fixed and semi-fixed phrases Listening for pleasure The science of happiness 58 ™@ emphasis 79 Writing ™ a blog entry 79 Review: Units & Learning Grammar 59 page 60 ™ uses of will ™ the future 60 63 Vocabulary © idiomatic phrases with will ™ higher education ™ three ways to create new words 61 62 64 Speaking Speaking 12 Memory Grammar page 80 ™ causative have and get ™ reporting verbs 80 82 Vocabulary ™ special meanings of off, down and over ™ describing research and results ™ noticing, selecting and recording collocations 81 83 84 Speaking ™ giving a presentation 65 ™ talking about a magazine story 85 Writing ™ discourse markers 65 Writing ™ amagazine story 85 Listening for pleasure ™ What makes you you? 86 Review: Units 11 & 12 87 Audioscripts page 88 Answer key page 98 Change 1.1 Grammar Upto speed? comparing 2a Complete the comments with phrases from the box aslongas nearly as much the more far more of much more leisurely alotless nowhere near significantly longer As a teenager, | spent ages getting Cycling around isa great deal Just walking or cycling about is every bit IknowI!’m nowhere near Children are spending considerably less Farfewer ‘ ; _ a_as fit : as I used to be b_ twice as long as going by tram c children walk to school than twenty years ago myself d_ as good for you as going to the gym my e time is allocated in the school timetable for sport f as much exercise as I should g healthier than driving everywhere h_ time playing outside than previous generations < When grab Now I can | was working, I’d just a quick sandwich for lunch I'm retired, lunch is a affair spend | want preparing something nice and enjoying it | used to waste hours every week going round the supermarket Nowadays, | most of my grocery shopping online It’s as time-consuming and it’s k stressful, too Why is it that work always expands to fill the time you have? Recently, I've been working hours than usual and it feels like a timelspend in the office, the more work piles up on my desk | just never seem to get on top of things Orn oxford 3000™ IfTwalk to work, it takes almost _ ready to go out Nowadays, I’m a busy mum and | don’t spend time on time goes on sorting out the kids 4| Match sentence beginnings 1-6 to endings a-h There are two endings you not need b 141) Listen and check your answers Read the article and choose the correct words in italics 141 \61919)1/218/A Speed reading In a modern world where time is money, how have our reading habits been affected? Are we reading ' more quickly / quicker or we just expect the things we read to be TZ 1.3 1.4 time and speed Complete the comments with phrases from the box Make any other necessary changes behind the times short andsharp the last minute time andagain timedrags time flies time management up to speed with hindsight a great deal condensed / much more condensed into short, manageable chunks? The answer perhaps lies in the type of text you're reading When we're reading online, we skip rapidly from site to | much prefer it when the shop’s busy At the weekend, it's site, from screen to screen in search of what we want Does non-stop and this mean that as readers we now have ? far less patience / much less patient and the shorter / much shorter attention when there’s not much to that spans than we used to? Not necessarily Much of this activity is actually skimming or scanning to check whether something is useful or interesting and whether we want to the day It's on the quieter days, and you're constantly clock-watching and waiting for the end of When | took over as head of the HR department, they were a bit I've worked hard to introduce new procedures and get everyone with the latest ideas read on In many ways, we spend ° no less / nowhere near time on each piece of online text than we would traditionally have done flicking through a print newspaper or magazine In either case, it’s not until a headline catches our eye that we slow down and take ® a read the text Grace needs to improve her > skills © she leave things to Z then everything becomes a rush longer bit / a bit longer to properly For those writing for an online environment, this means finding” more creative than / ever more creative ways of grabbing the reader’s attention before they click through | think my writing style has improved | realize my early blog posts were rather long and rambling Now | try to keep my ideas ® so that readers don't lose interest to the next link Including key information up front makes it a great deal like / more likely that the time-poor website visitors will realize right away that they’re in the right place Making key information easier to locate by using bullet points and simple, descriptive headings will also keep your audience on your page ° the longer bit / a little longer as they scroll down and spot more useful stuff coming up : Rewrite the sentences, replacing the words in italics with phrases from exercise But what about when we're reading literature, the same rules apply? The average reader works their way through a piece of prose at no more than / nearly more than about 250-300 words per minute, which is roughly a page It was only when I moved to the city that I realized how stuck in the past my small hometown was It’s easy to see, looking back, why the show was so successful Repeatedly, we hear excuses about why the scheme has been delayed Keep your message brief; your audience won't remember complicated details Due to technical issues, the show had to be cancelled of text If you try to read through a novel ™ significantly more quickly / more significantly quickly, then you start to lose a lot of what makes literature such a pleasure When we read for pleasure, we are ’ almost less / much less focused on picking out useful information or key words Instead, the language itself and the way the writer puts words together is every bit as / as every bit important as the information conveyed The longer you spend reading a passage, “4 the more vivid a/ a more vivid picture you create in your mind Sometimes an escape from the fast-moving internet age is just what we need, so maybe it’s time to slow down and lose yourself in a good book I can make comparisons talk about time and speed just before it was due to start This course will make sure that all staff are familiar with the latest safety requirements Very well Quite well More practice © © O O © O 1.2 Managing change (elueEle) continuous forms ? Choose the correct words or phrases in italics to complete the text Flexible working Put the words in the right order There may be more than one possible answer becoming / is / flexible working / more popular from home /I/ since commuting / each day / for / were / three hours / both of them Over recent decades, the workplace has been gradually changing/ was gradually changing in various ways One key change is to the hours we work The old nine-to-five routine staff/ are / of our / part time / getting on for a quarter/ choosing to work returning / after maternity leave / are / more female staff/ to work very well to / adapting / flexible working practices / is / inpractice / working / are / the job-share arrangements / well introducing / from next month / be / the new flexitime is no longer the norm as more and more employers were recognizing / are recognizing the benefits of flexible working Flexible working can be defined as a way of working that suits the employee's needs, and it’s especially attractive to parents who bring up/are bringing up young children or people who have been looking after /are looking after disabled or elderly relatives Flexible working makes it easier for these groups to balance their work and family responsibilities The benefit to the employer is that it enables them to retain experienced and qualified staff who might otherwise be lost These new ways of working come in a number of different forms Job-sharing is where two people > do/are doing one job and split the hours they work For example, ifa woman returns to work after having a baby, she can go back to the role she had been doing /has been doing before her maternity leave, but ona part-time basis So that on the days that she wasn’t working / she’s not working, her job-share colleague will be covering her duties Working from home is another alternative in certain jobs With improvements in internet technology, people with largely desk-based jobs have increasingly chosen/ are increasingly choosing to spend at least some of their time working from home last year / been / working / have the company system / we / will Complete the case study using an appropriate form of the verbs in brackets CASE STUDY Nine months ago, Maria’s elderly mother moved in with her family At the time, Maria † a busy solicitor’s office Initially, Maria (work) full time in (carry on) working as usual, leaving her mother at home on her own Problems (start) almost straightaway, though She left her mother her work number in case of emergencies, but soon she (receive) calls several times a day Then, after a couple of minor accidents, Maria decided the situation (become) too stressful So she (approach) her manager about flexible working For the past six months, her mother Flexitime means the employee ° chooses /is choosing when to start and end their working day, within agreed limits They 10 usually work /are usually working ‘core hours’, say between 10 a.m and p.m., but can make up the remaining hours at either end of the day This is perfect for parents who need to finish in time to collect the kids from school Orr Oxford 3000™ (attend) a day care centre three days a week while Maria goes into the office On the other two days, Maria ® (work) from home ‘So far, it ® (work out) fine | can be working at my desk in the study while Mum 1° (watch) TV or reading in the other room She seems much more settled now, and | can get on with work without worrying about her.’ 1.1 change 5a xxx Noun W facilitate Understanding the reasons for change People often change because they don’t understand the reasons behind it Before major changes, an open process needs to take place One of the first steps in this process is to explain Verb resist implement consultation /| adapt 9: impose "12 10 ! facilitate 12 ) Listen and check stress in word families Many things cause organizational change These include: to a changing market because of economic circumstances, tighter competition or changing customer demands > Technological developments which can major changes in working practices > Changes ¢ 1.4 Adjective why change is necessary > The need to 1.3 Complete the table Complete the text with words from the box adapt bring about consultation implementing imposed resist 12 from outside, for example, by new legislation or regulations Underline the stressed syllable on each word in the table 1.2 ) Listen again, check and repeat Which word families have changing stress? Complete the comments with the correct form of the words from the table in exercise It’s the of changes from above that upset most people Employees weren't about the plans, the management just announced what was going to happen Making the reasons for change clear at the outset can7 the process which follows On the whole, | think the of the new system went fairly smoothly There were no major problems A lot of staff were initially quite to the new working practices, but they're getting used to them now People are surprisingly Better communication between staff and management is by an employee forum I can Very well Quite well More practice use continuous forms ® @ O talk about change O @®› @) Ỷ 1.3 Vocabulary development Weles} SEIS) using a dictionary Which labels from exercises and could be applied to the words in italics? Check the words in a dictionary if necessary Putthe dictionary labels from the box into the categories 1-4 adjective informal approving intransitive Bone uncountable verb Word class: disapproving formal humorous literary noun transitive Grammar: I saw Joe the next day in one of the local sidewalk cafés variety = North American English; word class = noun This is a great way to entertain the kiddies over the school holidays Zoe is a petite, softly spoken woman in her thirties yo a) Style/register: Connotation: The presentation given by the council was as clear "¬ H———i as mud, leaving residents with many unanswered questions What advice would you give to new designers just Label the highlighted parts of the dictionary extracts with words from the box There are two words you not need starting out? Employers should implement a policy that emphasizes safety in the workplace connotation definition dependent preposition example idiom pronunciation spelling variety Vocabulary extension elevator @ /'eliverta(r)/ noun & (NAmE) (BrE lift) a machine that carries people or goods up and down to dif- 4a ferent levels in a building or a mine: It’s on the fifth floor, so we'd better take the elevator spe-cial-ize (BrE also -ise) /'spefalaiz/ verb [1] ~(in sth) to become an expert in a particular area of work, study or business; to spend more time on one area of work, etc than on others: Many students prefer not to specialize too soon © He specialized in criminal law © The shop specializes in hand-made chocolates Write the full form of these common abbreviations used for recording vocabulary idm: sb: phrv: BrE: b syn: abbr: sth: opp: Complete the vocabulary notes using the abbreviations in exercise 4a moOdif—chanje1 —_— — slightly, eg, to make it more suitable; adapt They modified the entrance to make it more Qnkwne accessible for disabled users chop and change (informal , Bre) — keep changing from one thing to another The team cant keep chopping and changing managers every five minutes maximum (+ etc possible; § max) the biggest, fastest, minimum the maximum number/amount/speed Orr Oxford 3000™ 1.1 1.4 13 1.4 Writing and speaking \Wiitik) TZ a report based on a graph Ej1224U34 approximation Choose the best options in italics to complete the sentences describing data from the graph 50 lễ | Internet users a : | per 100 inhabitants | worldwide 40+ 30 vague language (1): 3a_ z Rewrite the extracts from a presentation replacing the underlined parts with more approximate phrases from the box Make any other necessary changes There may be more than one possible answer an incredible number of 20 anumberef 10 justover dozens of ĐT — —E='—===—:.c=c -c-. -=Ẫễ m.œ „` ớm @ œ ae approximately hundreds of nearly upwards of A number of 0ø On œ x (0 hb œ@ ƠØ CS ¬ QẲœ@ N ĐO @ Ø0 6G S5 CÔ 6G Cổ OO Oo ÓC se aA et eat et cà nonecncacacacgogccqogagegceeeoeeese A Q Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ QÑ Ñ A Seven/libraries are facing closure in our city From/ In 1998, only around 3% of people worldwide used the internet The number of active internet users grew / has grown dramatically between / from 1998 and 2015 By/From the year 2011, the percentage of people able to get online reached / stood at around one-third (33%) Over the next three years / three years after, that figure increased to / by 40% In/ According to some estimates, internet coverage is expected to reach the 45% mark some time in 2016 their jobs this month Nationally over the past five years, library visits have fallen Perhaps one of the most significant developments in the 21st century so far has been the dramatic growth of the internet (report/ publish / 2015 / show) that the percentage of the world’s population with access to the internet (increase / rapidly) during the early years of the 21st century The figure (rise / around 7% / 2000 / 42% / by an estimated 15% The number of books being lent is down by 19.8% January 2015) 510 libraries are threatened with closure across the country According to the report, the number of people with internet access (expect / reach / 45% / 2016) This is, in part, due to easier access via mobile devices Mobile More than 200,000 people have signed petitions to try and save devices overtook conventional laptop and desktop computers (terms / internet access) in 2014 and their local libraries this trend seems set to continue, with more and more people using mobile devices to get online Ican The council needs to make £1.1 million of cuts in public spending Worldwide internet coverage Staff costs account for 82% of the libraries’ budget Complete the report based on the graph using the prompts in brackets worldwide Sixty-five staff are in danger of losing b 1.3) Listen and compare your answers Very well Quite well More practice use a dictionary es Oo O write a report based on a graph Cy @ O (®) @ ® use vague language to approximate Answer key she’s not working Unit Change page Grammar comparing Flexible working is becoming more popular Ihave been working from home since last year Both of them were commuting for three hours each day Getting on for a quarter of our staff are choosing to work part time More female staff are returning to work after maternity leave The company is adapting very well to nearly as much Far more of much more leisurely aslongas nowhere near alotless significantly longer the more 2a Ib 2g 3d 4a 5h more quickly much more condensed far less patience much shorter noless abitlonger 6c 10 11 12 13 14 2: i CONMAAWNH Bị G Ơi time flies time drags behind the times up to speed time management Time and again the last minute With hindsight short and sharp Grammar 98 has are are are had literary Connotation: approving, disapproving, humorous working out Vocabulary change 4 resist implementing consultation adapt bring about imposed facilitate page been gradually changing recognizing bringing up looking after Noun resistance implementation consultation pronunciation dependent preposition example (sidewalk) variety = North American English; word class = noun (kiddies) style/register = informal; word class = noun (petite) connotation = approving; word class = adjective (clear as mud) style/register = informal and/or connotation = humorous; idiom (advice) grammar = uncountable; word class = noun (implement) style/register = formal; grammar = transitive (emphasize) spelling = -ise or -ize; word class = verb; grammar = transitive Vocabulary extension Verb Adjective resist resistant 4a | implement consult adaptability/ adaptation adapt adaptable/ adapted imposition impose 10 imposing 11 facilitation/ facilitate 12 facilitator variety definition spelling word class = verb; 5a and c continuous forms been doing intransitive is watching behind the times with hindsight Time and again short and sharp at the last minute up to speed 1.2 Managing change was working carried on started was receiving was becoming/had become approached has been attending works 's/is working out/has been Word class: adjective, noun, verb Grammar: uncountable, transitive, Style/register: formal, informal, system Vocabulary time and speed The job-share arrangements are working well in practice We will be introducing the new flexitime system from next month./ From next month, we will be introducing the new flexitime more likely alittle longer no more than significantly more quickly much less every bitas the more vivid a page Vocabulary using a dictionary flexible working practices ever more creative consulted implementation resistant adaptable facilitated 1.3 Vocabulary development Oakwne 1 imposition ° Up to speed? Allword families have changing stress except resist/resistance/resistant w 1.1 5d are increasingly choosing chooses usually work 4b idiom somebody phrasal verb British English synonym abbreviation something opposite sth abbr syn opp idm ANSWER KEY page Writing a report based on a graph In grew; between asix-tonne male African elephant (that/which is/was) standing in the middle of the road the incredible patience needed to By; stood next three years; to According to A number of libraries are facing closure in our city Dozens of staff are in danger of losing their jobs this month Staff costs account for upwards of/ just over 80% of the libraries’ budget The council needs to make approximately/just over/upwards of £1 million of cuts in public spending Nationally over the past five years, library visits have fallen by approximately/just over 15% The number of books being lent is down by nearly 20% Hundreds of libraries are threatened with closure across the country Anincredible number of people have signed petitions to try and save their local libraries Unit Feats Ì page 10 noun phrases sights migration days work animals an enormous superpod of dolphins up to 5,000 strong an incredibly small insect with delicate, silvery wings the incredible acrobatic skills of this tiny hummingbird ultra slow-motion filming techniques to capture insects in flight the world’s largest gathering of grazing animals a fascinating insight into the life of this shy creature some basic scientific facts about plant biology 6c #.N 8d realize tackling presents overcome entail come up with Grammar 3b perfect forms has changed has been taken ran will be broken has brought about have been allowed are able to dedicate have played have come 10 have transformed © œ^lœO Suggested answers: highly utterly radically seriously particularly exceedingly awfully critically 5g poses/presents Vocabulary phrases with adverbs la 2e 3f 4b The two species have adapted to live in radically different climates Inthe autumn, the leaves of the trees create unbelievably beautiful patterns as they reflect on the surface of the lake The plant only grows on steep cliff faces that are awfully hard to reach The rock types found on the east coast of the Atlantic are remarkably similar to those found on the west - approximation Grammar In your view, which area of science has made the biggest contribution to sport? How significant have advances in the science of nutrition been for athletes?/ How have advances in the science of nutrition been significant for athletes? Do you think sprinters could have broken the ten-second barrier without modern sports equipment? iN} Speaking vague language (1): Feats of nature describing problems and solutions hours to capture the perfect shot the critically endangered snow leopard (that/which is) found in the mountains of central Asia page 12 Vocabulary collocations for coast The mayfly is just one part of this extraordinarily complex wetland ecosystem Many species of frogs are already reaching critically low population levels These tropical waters support an incredibly diverse range of marine life to explore > in terms ofinternet access Feats of engineering Have female sprinters been getting faster at the same rate as men? Which other sports have benefitted most from scientific developments? How have advances in technology helped disabled athletes? a Areport published in 2015 showed increased rapidly rose from around 7% in 2000 to 42% in January 2015 is expected to reach 45% by/in 2016 2.1 2.2 wait (for)/whilst waiting (for) many Suggested answers: 3a the chameleons amazing ability to alter its skin colour to match its surroundings CONRARWNHH Suggested answers: _ 1.4 Writing and speaking completely lifeless had ever run, had become particularly well-adapted incredibly harsh absolutely vital unbelievably efficient seriously compromised utterly terrifying incredibly long remarkably unharmed have also been getting/have also got might have achieved have been timed will have been broken have revolutionized have seen wouldn’t/would not have been 2.3 Vocabulary development page 14 Vocabulary collocations of perception and sound l environment noise silence vision difference 99 0N sweet scent of smells faintly of has quite a bitter taste The greater the number of tourists, the more hotels and restaurants you stronger flavour tastes delicious experience the usual cold-like afamiliar/strong smell 10 afresh/sweet scent smell faintly/strongly of a bitter/sour taste astrong/subtle flavour taste delicious/sweet mild/cold-like symptoms develop/have a high temperature lose/regain your appetite feel a pain/a sensation 2.4 Writing and speaking Vocabulary Suggested answers: can easily get lost look lost and offer help it affects equipment, but it’s OK in Speaking 2b brilliant utterly incredibly really I suppose 10 justa bit kind of all the time totally 2.5 Reading for pleasure page 1ó The Open Window The best description is 2 The writer doesn’t use the word romance with the usual meaning Here, it probably means an ability to create stories and fantasy in a quick-witted way 1a lupto abit mo Ow have I Twas Tam a a the the The the a the a The orso 9- somewhere in the region of afew Isuppose 10a lla page 18 58 open centre sitting maker open to new ideas 12a 13a 14 The l5a 16 the 17a 18 19 20 21 22 The the the the 1c 3k 2a the 10 the 11 the 12a 21 Vocabulary behaviour and attitude boost high get see the 8a Vocabulary success and failure Unit Teams don’t am Do Grammar articles Speaking 10 3.2 Team game page 20 4b 5a 6d 3.1 The perfect team an informal talk Ithink 1c 2f 3e did They will (also possible: They will) amI 8Do again/time again reception, cafés, etc tell them where they can go to phone instead ask someone/a colleague or send the person/tell them to go remarkably/amazingly adapt implement entails human amazingly/remarkably 1do were 4a Ihave overcome pay Writing a summary 1 auxiliary verbs had didn’t the building was still in progress page 15 Last time I visited, the renovation of lose your appetite 10 feel an uncomfortable sensation h7 Grammar There were a number of problems with/after the implementation of the new regulations have a high temperature c4 d2 get symptoms Suggestedanstuers: The weather was nowhere nearas warm as we'd expected There must be a consultation between the developers and local residents about the plans The store in Posnan wasn’t nearly as successful as the one in Wroclaw a5 bs NOaaARwne familiar smells NOMA 2b Grammar Vocabulary extension Units1 and page 17 mw Review: in(anoisy) environment attention to difference between difference in in (total) silence feat of anrwne NOARwWNH to be the centre of attention sit on the fence seeing the big picture get their hands dirty have high expectations (abit of) a troublemaker boost (employee/team/people’s/ everyone’s) morale 4a 6h 4 overcome get give paid working breakdown turned make 10 come 11 made ANSWER KEY on fa at under At at at 10 For Vocabulary extension 1b youneedto has to dontallow can must be necessary itisntcompulsory you should 3.4 Speaking and writing page 23 Suggested answers: are not usually allowed to travel without an adult can make arrangements for need to wait until their flight has departed don’t always have to use the airline’s unaccompanied children’s service Speaking 1G sC 3A 4C 7C 8A 1b 2a 6a 7b 3a 8a 4b 9c 5b 1a 1b checking and rephrasing 2N youmean when Imeant was catch that Iwas saying is withme am I right in thinking that follow you put it another way In other words Under-sixteens are supposed to be monitored by cabin staff./Cabin staff are supposed to monitor undersixteens You'd better check whether the hotel allows children under five There are no age restrictions, so it’s Are you with me? up to parents to decide whether the course is suitable for their children We don’tallow our children to use the internet unsupervised./Our children aren’t allowed to use the internet unsupervised I'll put it another way Sorry, I didn’t catch that (last part) Writing a proposal 2a 2b a b c d e f g h i purpose following were asked introducing Itis clear from Sucha was commissioned outweighed could include In most countries, you can’t vote in elections until you reach eighteen Inmany schools, (wearing) a uniform is compulsory for children up to the age of sixteen./In many schools, it is compulsory for children to wear a uniform up to the age of sixteen Students over sixteen don’t need their parents’ permission to go on school trips Itisn’t necessary to booka separate seat for under-fives Suggested answers: la 2c,eg 3b,§i 2c 6N 4dh Vocabulary responsibility Suggested order: la 2g 3ịc 4e 5b i/f fli 8d 9h 1b 5d 3g 7c 2h 4a 6e 8f reliable responsible counting charge take blame owns held company Charlie Coleman is in charge of day-to-day operations in New York./ Charlie Coleman is responsible for day-to-day operations in New York We want to recruit someone to take care of customer queries and complaints Weare directly responsible for the success of the project One of the boys finally owned up to " out degrees of obligation posting the comments I’m sure we can count on Abi to sort everything out for us In around 70% of road accidents involving cyclists, the motorist is to blame./In around 70% of road accidents involving cyclists, the motorist is responsible Cana ten-year-old child really be held responsible for their actions? a Grammar x without 4.2 The caring generation Vocabulary _ an lin We need a reliable business partner to help us expand the company./ We need a business partner we can count on to help us expand the woe 4.1 Age of responsibility page 24 Suggested answers: G bò m prepositional phrases Unit Responsibility Ơi Vocabulary page 22 Onewne 3.3 Vocabulary development page 26 phrases with care Take care carefree handle with care health care careless carer caring a care in the world b d 4c 5e a a carefree lifestyle a a a a health care professional daycare centre caring role careless remark carer daycare couldn’t care less/don’t care take care of/care for health care caring/health care professions/ system 101 4a a3 passives b2 challenging low-cost curious cl (a) 5a is believed to have arrived are not/aren't allowed are visited get forgotten were analysed was established got damaged is understood to have changed 5c 3a 3b w 1a connotation P P zg 1b 1 8 peaceful carefree slim cheap 5,8 2,3,6,7 l4, page 29 Thoseinfavour of Furthermore while we also need to consider Those against could result in Another drawback of Consequently Suggested answers: Inconclusion, it seems that On balance, though itis, nevertheless, also true to say that Speaking 3a catch/hear/get 5.1 Who holds the power? Grammar 1b lb health spine brain heart death circles 10 11 12 water park files meetings productive smoking Grammar 1ch 2af 2c which who ofwhich which/who 3a which 10 in which when/in which who who Number?7: in which can be omitted without any text changes The following can be omitted with some changes to the text: especially the press, seen to have a significant influence on Review: Units and page 31 page 32 relative clauses which It'saterm thought to have been used by Edmund Burke This prediction has arguably proved Inanage when almost anyone with an internet connection can The best description is to come put Sitting is on Unit Power 1c 4.5 Listening for pleasure page 30 with expand follow/get look accept tolookat justcomein wehave putthatto work lon under Speaking la formal negotiations paid off curious reckless did really well up doyou mean 1ataloss were without a care in the world to blame for overcome 8g onthe whole reckless simple overcautious nosy 102 5N 6P 7N 8N Writing a balanced argument essay a Vocabulary CE 4.4 Writing and speaking Lenny’s been cared for at home (by his family) for the past ten years page 28 Vocabulary 6h disapproving humorous every hour (by nurses) 4.3 Vocabulary development 3e approving 8d Suggested answers: 150 patients were interviewed about their experience at the hospital The facilities are being designed to maximize accessibility for disabled students This new scheme is intended to attract more young people to the caring professions People outside the target age group were excluded from the study Patients are checked on at least once 5d 4a 7e 4e le 2b Suggested answers: 1d aorb 2c 6a 3a frivolous bland adventurous dull Vocabulary extension UK and translated, researchers were recruited and trained, Participants were given - allb aweek areally nice pair of new shoes the painting of Nelson Mandela an interesting book about artificial intelligence the guy talking to Vlatka the terms and conditions underweight 4b andc Suggested answers: Passengers are not permitted (c), Customers using mobile phones are kindly asked (c), A toilet can be found little in-depth research has been carried out (a or b), It is estimated that (d), little is understood about (d) The questionnaire was tested in the 3dg 4b,e 10 œ~^lGœ 0w œ8 Grammar These individuals, now reaching many millions which/that/— who/which/that who/that for whom who are/that are/who/that which/that/in which/that ANSWER KEY relative pronouns asa result of which tothe point where the way in which in which case the day when onlya few of whom several of whom the reason why 4f 1B 5B 3C 4U 7C 8B C(in most cases) page 34 quantifiers neither of allwe know nearly enough each of these any either of neither of the whole day every 10 dark enough (answers in brackets are less natural) each(every) number several All Most(Many) neither few Many/Most Ifthe sky’s clear enough (of clouds), you You can see the lights from any of the public ticket(s) back stop(s) page 37 managing conversations youmean agree more follow you the point you're right youmean noidea (probable order from least to greatest) absence of anacute scarcity of ashortage of ahandful of dozens of agreat deal of asurplus of an excessive number of 4d Speaking Writing emphasis: inversion and cleft sentences doThave the thing Not only It’s not What wouldI Notonlyisa vegetarian diet healthier, but it’s also more environmentally sustainable./ Not only is a vegetarian diet more environmentally sustainable, but it’s B also healthier What really concerns me is the amount of resources used up in farming animals for meat./The amount of resources used up in farming animals for meat is what really concerns me Little people realize how much wildlife habitat is cleared for cattle farming The reason I don’t eat meat is because I’m unhappy about the way farm animals are treated No way would I ever eat meat now This dish is so tasty, even confirmed meat-eaters will love it page 36 Vocabulary compound adjectives and nouns B Grammar 3c 5.3 Vocabulary development the way in which as a result of which in which case/as a result of which several of whom to the point where 5.2 The power of the sun 1b 2h media 5.4 Speaking and writing 1a Vocabulary phrases with of to describe quantity 4a narrow-minded time-consuming eye-catching world-famous brightly-lit fast-moving long-lasting old-fashioned Atthe weekend, she does a fivekilometre run On average, they work an eight-hour day They have a twelve-year-old son Since the late nineties, there’s beena fourfold price increase The post office is only a five-minute walk (away) We're going on a two-week holiday in Thailand The coffee comes in 250-gram packets Katherine Hepburn was a recordbreaking four-time Oscar winner a AS axe Vocabulary extension iN) Vocabulary common phrases with the best time to see the lights is in either/either in November or February All twenty-five rooms at the hotel have /The twenty-five rooms at the hotel all have Each room also has a/it’s own telescope /The rooms also each have a/their own telescope you'll see the aurora every night, CNB]! apo © For anincreasing number of people, the mainstream media is not the first source which they turn to for news Blogging is just one way inwhich individuals and groups can publish their ideas to a wider audience Social media sites like Twitter and YouTube also provide a platform which can be used to spread information and opinion News reporters can’t always get to the place where an incident has happened right away ‘Citizen journalists’ can often publish news and pictures of events the moment wher they happen Amember of the public can post video footage online ofa major incident and the emergency services whe-are attending it within seconds Online media is easily accessible to a wide range of people, which means that everyone can now have a voice Individuals whe-are seeking to influence political policy are starting to challenge the traditional, organized and well-funded lobby groups = 3a Unit Play 6.1 Play games and save the planet? page 38 Grammar 1a 1b uses of would educationalists cognitive skills gamification adaptive learning would be would wouldrather would wouldhave would be 10 Wouldn't wouldbe you'd have thought would countries /any country 103 2a 2b 1T 2E 37 10 11 12 4F S7E I would've thought of games it wouldn't be approved we'd have taken They'd have had they'd have learnt they wouldn't be able they think would happen as you'd expect wouldn't have œ 8m G Ơi hộ Í Vocabulary express a preference 4e 5f 6c wr express/give (a preference) for be/provide (a role model) to/for take (a dislike) to, overcome (a dislike) of take (pleasure) in, get (pleasure) from be/serve as (an inspiration) to/for show/have (regard) for Suggested answers: Most gamers expressed/gave/had a (clear/strong) preference for this console Many ofthe testers took a dislike to the central character Gamers take (great/real) pleasure in/get (great/real) pleasure from improving their personal best score Traditional Manga cartoons have been/have served as an inspiration to many modern games designers Those/People within the video gaming industry have high/ the highest regard for Shigeru Miyamoto./Shigeru Miyamoto is held in high/the highest regard (by those/ by people) within the video gaming industry 104 tolisten tohave done having spent to have missed having enjoyed to have been Vocabulary 6b 7d 8f 5i 10a one meaning 9j page 40 Iwould have liked to have gone/ would like to have gone but I couldn’t make it in the end Vocabulary leisure, relaxation and bundle 2calmdown laid-back nerves demanding words with more than reflect(ed) point(s) ring manage(s) Vocabulary extension 2a chilling driving stressed edge (answers in brackets are correct, but are less natural) The noise of the construction work outside our hotel room was driving 2b about it made me feel a bit better Itmay sound easy, but it’s actually a very demanding task that requires great skill and patience I find that the people there generally have a more laid-back attitude to life than we 6a 7e 4d 8b archaeology computing maths medicine politics Speaking †1a law sport finance vague language (2) thing ever plenty of; justa orsomething like that rather stuff Writing online reviews nerves interview, but talking to Patrick 6.4 Speaking and writing page 43 me up the wall /(really) getting on my The ambulance staff were trying to get the victim to calm down Joon-ho seemed a bit stressed out about moving house When there’s an inspection at the hospital, all the staff are on edge (about it) We're going to the coast for along weekend, just to chill out Iwasa bundle of nerves (really on edge/really stressed out) before the Lie 2h 3g stress page 42 race The train was soon full so I was glad to have booked a seat in advance I'm really sorry not to have told/ about not telling you about it earlier Traffic was reported to have been queuing/to be queuing over two hours because of the accident The CEO was to have stood down but decided to carry on in spite of the poor results have the highest regard Grammar verb patterns 6.3 Vocabulary development We were fortunate have missed the worst of the Friday night traffic taken a dislike take great pleasure bean inspiration are role models 6.2 The invention of leisure We start to get on each other's nerves/ drive each other up the wall ifwe spend too much time together le 2¢ 3g 4h preferences d a b to have had having to have lost to have drifted tohave given oflooking powerful/dazzling/engaging highlight wooden perfect engaging/dazzling disappointment must-see 11 12 lacking dazzling engaging/action-packed steal life Suggested changes: thoroughly engaging (really) stole the show (particularly) powerful (absolutely) dazzling visual effects (notable) highlight aslight disappointment wasa little lacking in atmosphere engaging plot amust-see (play/production) ANSWER KEY Review: Units and ó page 45 Adjective Grammar Vocabulary reacting to events 2b where was which Each would all Ls 2D 35 4D devastated / devastating envious frustrated / frustrating apprehensive Noun Verb devastation devastate envy envy frustration frustrate relieved * relief relieve irritated / irritating irritation irritate bundle ofnerves loathe look down on demanding world-famous regard handful Dozens afew of whom edge majority Speaking 7.1 Fooled by our feelings page 46 1b_ indifferent you'll they were wetend Had you'd pick theyd wanted cameacross ‘d/would probably think found out leaves had considered might have come up with 1N 2N 3N 4N P 6N consciousness 7P 8N 9N 10N 11N 12N discomfort page 48 unreality was didntmention ’d/had asked didn’t know hadbackedup 10 would stop was didn’t take wouldn't leave could talk didn’t was 10 ‘dclear up/would clear up 11 was 12 wouldn’t make et 8c 9h 10 e is getting on my nerves take it personally think twice took me by surprise mortified think straight a2 ef c8 d4 g7 h6 b3 £5 Vocabulary 1a 1b 1b page 50 metaphor 2a 3c ups spirits lift construct support sound demolish rollercoaster down 10 low Vocabulary extension 2a 2b hotc cold a 1c 6b 2c 3b 4a 7a 8c 9b 5c 10a 7.4 Speaking and writing page 51 Speaking informal negotiations 1a was ’dhad/had had had kept owned spoke finished off 25 3i 7.3 Vocabulary development indifference 7.2 Embarrassment | self- apathy/indifference uncomfortable/self-conscious/ apprehensive irritates indifferent/apathetic astonished devastating relieved frustrating Grammar apathy * relieving doesn’t exist unless ina compound, e.g pain-relieving medicine ** discomforted and discomforting are also possible adjective forms but are less frequent and more restricted in usage hypotheses Vocabulary emotions 2a self-conscious 6a 4j sympathize _ Unit Emotion and reason 1a apathetic sympathy uncomfortable | discomfort pretty/ever so/kind of stuff ever so/pretty/kind of/somewhat some sort of loads of Grammar sympathetic astonishment | astonish a astonishing œN astonished / œ^l@œ0k shortageof majority dozens demanding 1b 5d apprehension Vocabulary 3a Isthere aproblem with that? WhatifIwere to provided ifwe could did you have in mind Supposing we that sounds it depends what you mean T'llhave to ask Writing comment adverbs frankly thankfully unfortunately admittedly coincidentally evidently 105 Unit Plastic Ifyou don’t know the origin of the wood you buy, it might not have come from a sustainable source This new model is guaranteed to outperform anything else on the market The fabric can’t be man-made - it feels too natural More things are bound to be custommade using 3D printers in the future Nadine might have already gone home as she’s not at her desk It was always improbable that the party would well in the election Weishould have arrived in Vancouver by now, as it’s only a two-hour flight The favourite is most likely to come first, but it doesn’t always pan out that way Silkis avery delicate fabric and/that is prone to damage if not handled carefully The recent negative press coverage is sure to have influenced the company’s decision to make an 8.1 The multi-purpose material page 52 1flexible durable versatile lightweight rigid 2a biodegradable tough water-resistant fragile @bsorbe@nt biodegradable durable flexible transpai@nt a thin flexible tube bring a water-resistant jacket made of advanced lightweight materials made from transparent plastic are lighter use biodegradable containers for companies sending out fragile items in the post Grammar 4a la 1b_ 2a 2b theycancrack they”lI crack _they’re bound to be might be 3b_ 4a 4b 5a unlikely might have been made must have been made achance that (the festival) might be cancelled 3a 5b 6a_ 6b_ 7a 7b 8a_ 8b 4b can’t be made unlikely (the festival) will go ahead could last they're guaranteed to last sure to see may soon become seems likely that would have used 1b 5b 4b 8b 2a 3a 6b 7a Suggested answers: Of course, theres a chance (that) scientists will find It’s doubtful that most people know exactly what materials go into making their tablet or smartphone Manufacturers must be aware of the environmental costs of the materials they use 106 get on with count on 3b a 3,7,10 c 2,9 4a on 0n 5a Grammar 1 6 off on on go off anewproduct/anidea aproblem/a question fumes/asmell catch on come up lookup information/a word negotiations/acourtcase dragon putoff ameeting/an appointment runon diesel/electricity prices/standards go up buildon previous research/ your strengths Students’ own answers page 56 Vocabulary formal and informal language fa 1b If asked Coming/Having come from a milk/food d1,4,8 8.3 Vocabulary development living and working having lived speaking having walking wrapped moving Given selling arriving Being having grown up Growing having Given being Beinga big sports fan all the fireworks going off to celebrate Having lived abroad Since marrying Since coming to the USA ifpushed on off off give off 5b participle clauses b 5,6 10 It’s currently estimated that up to 20,000 people will have been affected by the flooding 8.2 My life without page 54 looks after chill out cut down on taken (quite a bit of the budget) up 10 goes up announcement probability and speculation look (the address) up came up li versatile waté?-resist@nt coming up with 1F 21 8F 41 5E 61 Whyare we expected to study subjects at school that have nothing to with our everyday lives? She had no memory of the incident We frequently decide on things without knowing the full facts Most people have little awareness of why we make a choice of one thing and not another Advertisers make use ofa range of tactics to talk us into buying a particular product Describe the use of metaphor in wn properties of materials 3a ° Vocabulary Vocabulary phrasal verbs literature, with reference to two works on the reading list Vocabulary extension small island; not having the sea nearby Offered one luxury from home Having chosen to move here 2a endeavour celebs moaning employed comfy 10 pop declined stuff accompanied observed ANSWER KEY celeb comfortable complaining enter put (in) accompany endeavour have ago (at) turn down / 2a keep an eye on watch 8.4 Speaking and writing page 57 2b Speaking speculating, comparing and contrasting 1a 1b They're comparing two designs for acompany logo They like the second design they’re both looks like some kind of might be or something like that doubtfulif By contrast Isuppose Writing a problem-solution-evaluation essay or report 1c 2h 31 4b 5j 6a 7g 8d 9e 10f 8.5 Listening for pleasure page 58 The science of happiness 8P eM bM fE dP hE cE 2,3,5,7and8 g P/E/M a Itwon'tbe long till b I'll believe it when I see it h That'll be 1d 2f 3a 9.2 The future of higher education page 62 Vocabulary 4c 5e 6b fl page 60 will same same same different different higher education 78 8i od 10f lle 12h offshore campus apprenticeship scheme international student blended learning virtual learning environment tuition fees external accreditation mature student student loan quality assurance 11 year abroad 12 vocational training willapproach will tend to will often ignore won't even consider won't work will have become they'll have to will need to willembrace TheyTItake same itwon'tbe long till You'll see Ifyou'll just (then) I'll let you know We'llsee I'll believe it when I see it that'll be lightweight, durability surprise, self-conscious rigid, transparent 1b 7d f Ifyou'll just irritating, relief 10 8a e I'lllet you know Ẳ 80 90 10 E 110 12E 9.1 The best way to learn 1a 4e g you'llsee 10 2E 3E 4E 50 6E Grammar Bi 6g c We'll see d Isimply won't hear of it Unit Learning whereas 4a Speaking 1b 2h 3f Vocabulary use observe musthavetaken hadntnoticed wedknown may soon be able toexperience had failed say no employ 3a would never have gone hadntbeen moaning stuff try decline comfy go with things Possessions †1 pop (in) take belongings / Grammar Vocabulary idiomatic phrases with will CONMHAAWNH celebrity informal GB More Ơ | Neutral = ° CHONMRHAWNH More formal Units and page 59 AQNkRwWNe ame Re oF Review: - 2b different Grammar same 3 4a Suggested answers: different 10 different will try out ‘11/will probably come up with will have got Will you send/Will you be sending will become will still be memorizing will have wasted will insist on won't think will be writing/will write the future toincrease tointroduce ofscrapping tohave todevelop 10 toopen to attract ofbecoming to recruit isto announce is expected are on the point of will be giving/will give will have to is setto will have is planning/plans will be recording/will record 107 10.2 2a Grammar position of adverbials fa Bi lc 2d 3f replaced 12 will be able to Vocabulary new words 1a 1b 10.1 New ways to pay page 66 11 10 11 12 page 64 e-banking conventional chillax e-reader tap hard Vocabulary extension 2b 1c podcast text bookended minuted 5h medalled actioning trending page 65 Speaking giving a presentation fa land4 1b will focus on First of all Toagreat extent Tdnowlike to Broadly speaking not everyone sees take the view that Only time will tell if there’s no denying that 108 a ao on up on my first morning and 12 13 14 Vocabulary money green 9.4 Speaking and writing of between/of for about to 6e 7g 8b screen 11 the headphone jack of their smartphone 12 apercentage of each transaction lin well-off luxuries 15 manage make ends meet funding allowed unpaid went overdrawn lose well-off unpaid funding (for) withdraw going overdrawn allow the catering crew preparing meals for all those people In the end, I think I only appeared on The whole experience just gave me Istill can’t watch a movie without Iwas lucky enough to go to Tunisia for two months to work on a smallscale project /I was lucky enough to go to Tunisia to work for two months ona small-scale project It was a fascinating project from an engineering perspective, using 10 Ican still vividly remember waking payments [was really excited about mundane stuff, like / and even the hassle of getting your mobile out of your pocket two of the wearable tech options to have been trialled awkward conversations about who has the right change their share of the bill 10 the capability to accept card a 2,6,7,10 b 1,4, 8, 11, 12 2f 3d 4a new and simpler ways for consumers to pay for goods payments c 3,5,9 2a noun phrases without the need for them to enter their PIN alimit on how much can be paid The premise of most apps the checkout ofa shop that accepts three ways to create land e-cigarettes guesstimate regular staycation m-ticketing At first, the cameramen captured shots from every angle that went into carefully creating exactly what the director was looking for Leven enjoyed watching the more Unit 10 New Grammar page 68 © 9.3 Vocabulary development lb 1b ora more language support for students? Are you expecting to lose some home students to universities that don’t use English? Do other departments plan to switch to English-only instruction? Whenis the new virtual learning environment due to go live? Will you be streaming lectures live online? Do you think face-to-face learning will have been replaced entirely ina few years’ time? 4a aR w Willthe department be providing ° 4b 5b 6e 78 Live! AP 11 will have been replaced/will be Writing discourse markers mon aim to/are aiming to 10 hope/are hoping It was so unlike anything I'd ever seen before I'd been told that we'd only be able to work But what really caught me by surprise was how the temperature dropped so dramatically after sunset./But what really caught me by surprise was how the temperature dropped after sunset so dramatically The extremes of the environment hugely affected how people lived there./The extremes of the environment hugely affected how people there lived and actually seeing how water use had to be carefully managed gave all the more motivation to make the project a success./ and actually seeing how water use had to be managed carefully gave all the more motivation to make the project a success la 2b 3b 4a 5b 6a 7b 8c 9a ANSWER KEY a Rone 10 N N Oo N 50 6N 7N 80 dated obsolete recondition innovation developments pioneers departure revolutionize breaking new ground the last word 10.3 Vocabulary development page 70 1j 2i 3b 4f 5h 2a 2b 1c 2d 3a c lỗ d2 h3 Review: both/two hard copy noticeboard 1b go for what you're saying be better what's your itcould be right think about it decided 12 and in recent centuries, m 12 n j 13 13 the influence has become less prominent 14 by combining existing words, 15 are likely to have been borrowed from local languages 16 And the indigenous languages of the Americas are responsible for 17 the now familiar names of 18 many foodstuffs originally found there o Units and 10 page 73 We're the first team to have carried out research in this area He pioneered the idea of using computer modelling to research disease There has been a lot of discussion about whether the results are credible There’s clearly a need for patients to understand more about the condition 1b 3 tuition fees funding student loans forked out luxuries make ends meet international raw deal la 2f 3d 7a 4a 5a 9b 10a 8b conscious economic concerned (responsible is possible but less likely) responsible Vocabulary adjectives and adverbs beginning with a- 4e 5b 11.1 Origins of language alert alike alive afraid awake alone awash afloat are exactly alike stay alive become afraid of stayed awake remain alert keep afloat 6c Moving denying 11.2 Origins of world food Grammar page 74 Englishis well-known for There are conflicting estimates many of these being words largely used/used largely in amere 6% Alarge proportion of the French words is perhaps unsurprising the language ofthe ruling classes page 76 whoever, whatever, wherever, no matter Grammar adjective position 1a 6b 2a present focuses/will focus start Origins the Norman Conquest Greek English local 3b speaking 11 1b Vocabulary messy Speaking reaching a consensus (a) noticeboard 19 willhave visited opening to release will be going Speaking (the) local council (a) website links (the) older k stand (out like a sore thumb) move with (the times) lay (eyes on sb.) put (a dentin sth.) put aside (sth for a rainy day) charge (the earth) The meaning changes in keep up/move with the times and cost/charge the earth ll 10.4 Speaking and writing page 71 1a gt over a quarter of new words 10 asignificant impact 11 despite its rich heritage, Grammar 7a 8c 9g 10e 4f 5e 6b f e6 6d Vocabulary extension a4 b 10 Vocabulary understanding idioms Suggested answers: in scholarly circles, o © Writing an email enquiry Bone Vocabulary new and old 2a whatever Whoever whatever whichever/whatever Whenever wherever/whenever whatever wherever/whenever Whichever whatsoever nomatterhow Whoever whatever Whenever 109 whatever/no matter what Whenever Whoever wherever/no matter where Whichever/No matter which whatever/whichever whatsoever/whatever however Vocabulary food preparation 4a salt Chop the potatoes into cm cubes Slice the bread thickly Melt the butter over a low heat Peel the skin off the apples Grill the fish for 10 minutes Beat the eggs and cream together gently Grate the zest off the rind of one lemon beat peel lf 1¢ 2b h d 4e 110 1d 2f 3g 4b and over written During about depends on cancelled not working discount happening soon off 5e 6c 7h 8a over down down off 11 over 12 off networks were down The match in Sao Paulo is off ormoney off tickets some shellfish that was off/had gone off take down the car’s registration number can be down to a number of factors researchers over exactly 10 may also be down to the fact that people’s ability have DNA tests carried out hasa witness describe of disagreement amongst causatives have and get gets us to recount The trial may be a (long) way off/ some time off over the course page 80 get them to add have witnesses recall get stored 12.2 Improving your memory Grammar page 82 reporting verbs efi 5b 2c 6e get reconstructed 3a 4h Ifmy phone got stolen, I wouldn't be able to mymum had me put/got me to put suggests that/has suggested that advise students to try/have advised students to try reflecting on claim that/have claimed that emphasize the importance of advise students not to work/have advised students not to work asserted that urging students to work has information coming in get combined 10 managed to get down/note down/ get eyewitnesses to pick out f over off down down over Memory 12.1 Types of memory Vocabulary extension 3a Vocabulary meanings of off, down lv ?(too formal) 3v 4v ?(too formal) Unit 12 asfar before byno you know what/(you see what) the way 3a tried packed everyone Suggested answers: No way can you avoid getting/The Grammar tonow country all stunningly _ fixed and semi-fixed thetruth aclue emphasis ?(notan engaging closing sentence) page 78 page 79 Writing a blog entry 11.3 Vocabulary development Vocabulary phrases recipe for failure in the first instance started from scratch backin the 80s is getting covered in the coloured powder Only when we reached the top of the hill and looked back did we appreciate the scale of the crowds Not for a minute did the music and dancing stop/The thing that/What didn’t stop the whole time was the music and dancing Never ina million years would I have expected to find myself jumping / The thing that/What I never expected to find myself doing was jumping sliced grated beaten grilled e season chopped g Many schools still get kids to memorize/have kids memorize lists of facts everyday skills like what to when something breaks and you need to get it fixed and getting/having them delivered thing that/What you can’t avoid grate season 2d 3b 4h peel 6a 7c melted Speaking chop, slice 5a withinliving memory 11.4 Speaking and writing Season the sauce generously with 4b 3b the door key round my neck the last time I got/had my car serviced he soon got/had members of the local community to help him I got stung bya bee when I was a kid 7d 8g acknowledged to boost NO MB Nó ma##er where © 31 ANSWER KEY number remember basic/(big) repeat clear big roughly idea 10 suggestion 11 understanding implifầtions sub§fabtial reprođucè misinfebpret fundamentally disproportionate 6 proportion retained broadly reproduced implications substantial The 2008 regulations are onlya small part of the statutory provisions concerned with health and safety at work He concluded that he had obtained sufficient empirical evidence to support the hypothesis of the existence ofa long-wave economic cycle have a undergo | astatutory find 7| obtain new / good empirical 10 | support 12.3 Vocabulary development Vocabulary noticing, selecting and recording collocations attention mind conduct 2 the importance of keeping antivirus software updated Ergonomics experts advise new staff to have their work station set-up properly assessed Zoologists claim that they have discovered/Zoologists claim to have discovered a number of new species of butterfly in the rainforest general / medical legal general/ legal evidence general ———— academic evidence —————— a hypothesis Suggested answers: Online security advice emphasizes general academic academic page 85 Speaking talking about a magazine story page 84 trigger and safety 12.4 Speaking and writing fa 1b The story probably has a happy ending noticeable/substantial associated with 10 principle 11 fundamentally long-term vivid health | interprets 1 medical provision 749 51 research cite strategy 10 have 11 reading 12 main vivid main effective; speed shorter conducted/carried out; cite Didyouhear he’d kept he’s only gone and deleted He must’ve been absolutely devastated What made it worse was that was it itmust’ve been Writing a magazine story 2a 2b 1g As customer care manager, she insists on the need for new clients to have a one-to-one consultation to assess their needs./that new clients have a one-to-one consultation to assess their needs The researchers acknowledge the need for further research to corroborate these findings./ that futher research is needed to corroborate these findings The research suggests that there is a clear link between/The research suggests a clear link between social class and career success They got the engineer to service the entire heating system lalways spot something new no matter how many times I visit The gene is only present in about 2% of the population We had the entire apartment professionally cleaned There are plans afoot to convert the old factory into an arts centre Ihave no doubt whatsoever that she will turn the company’s fortunes around 2a 6h 5c Vocabulary 3Ê 7d 4e (survival) instinct Grammar an impairment | medical surgery shyness environment Review: Units 11 and 12 page 87 3b | suffer imitation - link to undergoing surgery upbringing predispositions iN} 3a ~ and results describing research 8% of these patients suffered an impairment of kidney function after N Vocabulary What makes you you? Suggested answers: The study found that approximately page 86 iN} The writer suggests that teaching ideas to others helps/can help you (to) remember them The blog advises students to read texts aloud The blog emphasizes the need for students to take regular breaks Thewriter claims that new information is not/will not be retained if you study/someone studies for (more than) 90 minutes without a break The post acknowledges study groups to be/as being a useful way to improve (your/everyone’s) understanding 3a ˆ means to improve memory 12.5 Listening for pleasure a The blog endorses exercise as a Vocabulary extension a _ Suggestedansuers: 8b awash implications proportion aware means tellyou interpretation effective down Speaking 4a 1b 2f 3d 4e 5a 4b Suggested order: 3, 1, 6,5, 2,4 6c 111 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, 0x2 6pP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2016 The moral rights of the author have been asserted e-Book Edition ISBN: 978 19 456696 ISBN: 978 19 456698 e-book e-book (In-App) First published in 2016 No copying or file sharing This digital publication is protected by international copyright laws No part of this digital publication may be reproduced, modified, adapted, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, to any other person or company without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not modify, adapt, copy, store, transfer or circulate the contents of this publication under any other branding or as part of any other product You may not print out material for any commercial purpose or resale Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain and their addresses are provided by Oxford University Press for information only Oxford University Press disclaims all and any responsibility for the content of such websites ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The publisher would like to thank the following for their permission to reproduce photographs: 123RF p.86 (blackboard drawing/maridav); 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