Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật viễn thông: Ứng dụng học sâu nhận dạng người nói

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1.4 ĈӕLWѭӧng và phҥm vi nghiên cӭu ĈһFWUѭQJFѫEҧQFӫDkPWKDQKÿһFWtQKFӫDJLӑQJQyLFӫDFRQQJѭӡL

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1.5 Ý QJKƭDNKRDKӑc và thӵc tiӉn cӫDÿӅ tài nghiên cӭu

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9LӃWEiRFiRYӅTX\WUuQKFiFSKkQWtFKNӃWTXҧÿѭDUDNӃWOXұQYjKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQ

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&+ѬѪ1*3+Ҫ10ӢĈҪ8ÿһWYҩQÿӅQJKLrQFӭXOêGRFKӑQÿӅWjLSKҥP YLYjÿӕLWѭӧQJQJKLrQFӭX

&+ѬѪ1*7Ә1*48$1&ẩ&9Ҩ1Ĉӄ1*+,ầ1&Ӭ89ơ/ộ7+8@FѭӡQJÿӝ,FyWKӇELӇXGLӉQQKѭOjPӝWKjPVӕFӫDVӵFKrQK OӋFKiSVXҩWYjWUӣNKiQJkPFӫDP{LWUѭӡQJ ܲ ൌ ʹ ൈ ͳͲ ିହ ܰȀ݉ ଶ (2.3) ߞ ൌ Ͷͳ͵Ǥʹͳ ൈ ͳͲ ିହ ܰȀ݉ ଷ (2.4) ܫ ൌܲ ଶ ߞ (2.5)

&yWKӇKLӇXPӝWFiFKÿѫQJLҧQÿyOjVҳFWKiLFӫDkPWKDQKặPVҳFÿѭӧFTX\ӃW ÿӏQKEӣLWҫQVӕYjELrQÿӝ.KLkPWKDQKWDWKXÿѭӧFFyWҫQVӕ݂ ଵ WKuQyFNJQJFKӭDWURQJÿyFiFkPFyWҫQVӕ݂ ଶ ൌ ʹ݂ ଵ ǡ ݂ ଷ ൌ ͵݂ ଵ ǥ, ݂ ଵ ÿѭӧFJӑLOjkPFѫEҧQ

Zero-&URVVLQJ5DWH=&5FӫDNKXQJkPWKDQKOjWӕFÿӝWKD\ÿәLGҩXKLӋXFӫDWtQ KLӋXWURQJNKXQJ1yLFiFKNKiFQyOjVӕOҫQWtQKLӋXWKD\ÿәLJLiWUӏWӯGѭѫQJVDQJ kPYjQJѭӧFOҥLFKLDFKRÿӝGjLFӫDNKXQJKuQK=&5ÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWKHRSKѭѫQJ trình sau: ܼሺ݅ሻ ൌ ͳ ʹ෍ ȁݏ݃݊ሾݔ ௜ ሺ݊ሻሿ െ ݏ݃݊ሾݔ ௜ ሺ݊ െ ͳሻሿȁ ே ௡ୀଵ

7URQJÿyܧሺ݅ሻ OjJLiWUӏ=HUR-&URVVLQJ5DWHFӫDNKXQJWKӭL OjVӕPүXWURQJ khung, ݔ ௜ ሺ݊ሻ OjJLiWUӏFӫDPүXWKӭQFӫDNKXQJWKӭL

1ăQJOѭӧQJQJҳQKҥQFӫDNKXQJÿѭӧFÿӏQKQJKƭDOjWәQJFiFJLiWUӏWX\ӋWÿӕLEuQK SKѭѫQJFӫDFiFELrQÿӝÿѭӧFFKXҭQKyDEӣLFKLӅXGjLNKXQJĈѭӧFWtQKEҵQJF{QJ WKӭFVDX ܧሺ݅ሻ ൌ ͳ ܰ෍ ȁݔ ௜ ሺ݊ሻȁ ଶ ே ௡ୀଵ

7URQJÿyܧሺ݅ሻ OjJLiWUӏ6KRUWWLPHHQHUJ\FӫDNKXQJWKӭL OjVӕPүXWURQJ khung, ݔ ௜ ሺ݊ሻ OjJLiWUӏFӫDPүXWKӭQFӫDNKXQJWKӭL

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éQJKƭDNKRDKӑF

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1.5.2 éQJKƭDWKӵc tiӉn ĈyQJJySSKѭѫQJSKiSFyÿӝFKtQK[iFFDRFKRFiFӭQJQKұQGҥQJ[iFWKӵF QJѭӡLQyLWURQJFiFOƭQKYӵF

7KLӃWNӃÿѭӧFKӋWKӕQJWKӵFKLӋQ[iFWKӵFQJѭӡLQyLWURQJP{KuQKQKjWK{QJ minh

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9LӃWEiRFiRYӅTX\WUuQKFiFSKkQWtFKNӃWTXҧÿѭDUDNӃWOXұQYjKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQ

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&+ѬѪ1*3+Ҫ10ӢĈҪ8ÿһWYҩQÿӅQJKLrQFӭXOêGRFKӑQÿӅWjLSKҥP YLYjÿӕLWѭӧQJQJKLrQFӭX

&+ѬѪ1*7Ә1*48$1&ẩ&9Ҩ1Ĉӄ1*+,ầ1&Ӭ89ơ/ộ7+8@FѭӡQJÿӝ,FyWKӇELӇXGLӉQQKѭOjPӝWKjPVӕFӫDVӵFKrQK OӋFKiSVXҩWYjWUӣNKiQJkPFӫDP{LWUѭӡQJ ܲ ൌ ʹ ൈ ͳͲ ିହ ܰȀ݉ ଶ (2.3) ߞ ൌ Ͷͳ͵Ǥʹͳ ൈ ͳͲ ିହ ܰȀ݉ ଷ (2.4) ܫ ൌܲ ଶ ߞ (2.5)

&yWKӇKLӇXPӝWFiFKÿѫQJLҧQÿyOjVҳFWKiLFӫDkPWKDQKặPVҳFÿѭӧFTX\ӃW ÿӏQKEӣLWҫQVӕYjELrQÿӝ.KLkPWKDQKWDWKXÿѭӧFFyWҫQVӕ݂ ଵ WKuQyFNJQJFKӭDWURQJÿyFiFkPFyWҫQVӕ݂ ଶ ൌ ʹ݂ ଵ ǡ ݂ ଷ ൌ ͵݂ ଵ ǥ, ݂ ଵ ÿѭӧFJӑLOjkPFѫEҧQ

Zero-crossing rate

Zero-&URVVLQJ5DWH=&5FӫDNKXQJkPWKDQKOjWӕFÿӝWKD\ÿәLGҩXKLӋXFӫDWtQ KLӋXWURQJNKXQJ1yLFiFKNKiFQyOjVӕOҫQWtQKLӋXWKD\ÿәLJLiWUӏWӯGѭѫQJVDQJ kPYjQJѭӧFOҥLFKLDFKRÿӝGjLFӫDNKXQJKuQK=&5ÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWKHRSKѭѫQJ trình sau: ܼሺ݅ሻ ൌ ͳ ʹ෍ ȁݏ݃݊ሾݔ ௜ ሺ݊ሻሿ െ ݏ݃݊ሾݔ ௜ ሺ݊ െ ͳሻሿȁ ே ௡ୀଵ

7URQJÿyܧሺ݅ሻ OjJLiWUӏ=HUR-&URVVLQJ5DWHFӫDNKXQJWKӭL OjVӕPүXWURQJ khung, ݔ ௜ ሺ݊ሻ OjJLiWUӏFӫDPүXWKӭQFӫDNKXQJWKӭL

Short time energy

1ăQJOѭӧQJQJҳQKҥQFӫDNKXQJÿѭӧFÿӏQKQJKƭDOjWәQJFiFJLiWUӏWX\ӋWÿӕLEuQK SKѭѫQJFӫDFiFELrQÿӝÿѭӧFFKXҭQKyDEӣLFKLӅXGjLNKXQJĈѭӧFWtQKEҵQJF{QJ WKӭFVDX ܧሺ݅ሻ ൌ ͳ ܰ෍ ȁݔ ௜ ሺ݊ሻȁ ଶ ே ௡ୀଵ

7URQJÿyܧሺ݅ሻ OjJLiWUӏ6KRUWWLPHHQHUJ\FӫDNKXQJWKӭL OjVӕPүXWURQJ khung, ݔ ௜ ሺ݊ሻ OjJLiWUӏFӫDPүXWKӭQFӫDNKXQJWKӭL

ĈһFWUѭQJ0)&&

Pre-emphasis

0өFWLrXOjÿӇEWUӯYLӋFSKәkPWKDQKJLҧPPҥQKӣWҫQVӕFDREҵQJFiFKOjP ÿӅXELrQÿӝSKәQăQJOѭӧQJFӫDWtQKLӋXkPWKDQKWӯÿyWăQJFѭӡQJWKjQKSKҫQFDR WҫQ1yFyWiFGөQJKӛWUӧKLӋXTXҧFKRFiFEӝ[ӱOêWLӃSWKHRQKѭ'&73UH-emphasis ÿѫQJLҧQOjiSGөQJEӝOӑFUӡLUҥFEұFQKҩWP{WҧEҵQJKjPWUX\ӅQ ܪሺݖሻ ൌ ͳ െ ܽݖ ିଵ (2.8) ݕሾ݊ሿ ൌ ݔሾ݊ሿ െ ܽݔሾ݊ െ ͳሿ (2.9) Ӣ ÿk\Dÿѭӧc chӑn giӳa ͲǤͻ và ͳ WKѭӡng chӑn ܽ ൌ ͲǤͻ͹)

Hình 2-4 biӇu diӉQFѭӡQJÿӝ phә công suҩt cӫa mӝt sóng âm dҥng tiӃQJQyLWUѭӟc và sau khi pre-emphasis Ta nhұn thҩy rҵQJFѭӡQJÿӝ tín hiӋu tҥi tҫn sӕ thҩp cӫa âm thanh tiӃQJQyLEDQÿҫXFDRKѫQVRYӟi Âm thanh tiӃQJQyLVDXNKLÿѭӧc pre-emphasis vӟi ߙ ൌ ͲǤͻͷ

Hình 2-4 ³;LQFKjRE̩QFyNK͗HNK{QJ´WU˱ͣFYjVDXNKLSUH-emphasis

Window

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&yQKLӅXGҥQJKjPFӱDVәQKѭ+DPPLQJ*DXVVLDQYj+DQQ/ӵDFKӑQSKәELӃQ QKҩWOj+DPPLQJZLQGRZEӣLYuQyOjPWtQKKLӋXFKX\ӇQWLӃSSKҫQELrQPѭӧWYjWӕW KѫQVRYӟLFKX\ӇQWLӃSÿӝWQJӝWӣFҥQKYX{QJQKѭWURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSFӱDVәKuQKFKӳ QKұW+uQK-ELӇXGLӉQFӱDVәWURQJPLӅQWKӡLJLDQYjWҫQVӕ3KѭѫQJWUuQKGѭӟL ÿk\GLӉQWҧFӱDVә+DPPLQJ ݓሺሻ ൌ ͲǤͷͶ െ ͲǤͶ͸ܿ݋ݏ ʹߨ݊ ܯ െ ͳǡ Ͳ ൑ ݊ ൑ ܯ െ ͳ (2.10)

7iFGөQJFӫDFӱDVәOrQPӝWWtQKLӋXkPWKDQKFyWKӇWKҩ\ÿѭӧFWӯKuQK-6

Hình 2-6 7tQKL XJ͙FYjWtQKL XVDXNKLÿ˱ͫFF͵DV͙KyD

DFT

%LӃQÿәL)RXULHUUӡLUҥF')7OjPӝWWURQJQKӳQJELӃQÿәLÿѭӧFVӱGөQJUӝQJUmL QKҩWÿһFELӋWWURQJOƭQKYӵF[ӱOêVӕWtQKLӋXEӣLYuQyELӃQÿәLPӝWWtQKLӋXWURQJ PLӅQWKӡLJLDQVDQJPLӅQWҫQVӕYjQJѭӧFOҥLӣSKpSELӃQÿәL,')7%LӃQÿәL')7 FyWKӇELӇXGLӉQEӣLSKѭѫQJWUuQK ܪ ௞ ൌ ෍ ݄ ௡ ݁ ି௜ ଶగ௞௡ ே ேିଵ ௡ୀ଴

Hình 2-7 *LiWU͓')7FͯDWtQKL XVDXÿ˱ͫFF͵DV͝KyDKuQK-6

7K{QJWKѭӡQJWDLQJѭӡLQKұQELӃWWҫQVӕkPWKDQKYӟLÿӝSKkQJLҧLNK{QJWX\ӃQ WtQK1yLFiFKNKiFÿӝSKkQJLҧLWKҩSKѫQNKLWҫQVӕWKҩSKѫQYjQJѭӧFOҥL7ұSTXiQ VLQKKӑFQj\ÿѭӧF=ZLFNHUP{WҧEҵQJFiFKVӱGөQJWұSKӧSEӝOӑF0HO&iFEӝOӑF 0HOOjGҥQJWDPJLiFOjEҳWÿҫXEӝOӑFWDPJLiFWKӭNQJD\WҥLÿLӇPJLӳDEӝOӑFWKӭ k-YjNӃWWK~FӣJLӳDEӝOӑFWKӭN1yLFiFNKiFFiFEӝOӑFQj\VӁFKӗQJOҩQOrQ QKDXYjÿӝUӝQJWәQJFӝQJFӫDEӝOӑFVӁEDRSKӫWӯWҫQVӕQKӓQKҩWÿӃQWҫQVӕ FDRQKҩWÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWUѭӟFĈӇWKLӃWNӃÿѭӧFWұSEӝOӑF0HOWDFҫQ[iFÿӏQKWҫQVӕ QKӓQKҩWYjOӟQQKҩWYtGө݂ ௠௜௡ ൌ Ͳݒ݂ ௠௔௫ ൌ ݏܽ݉݌݈݅݊݃ݎܽݐ݁ VDXÿyFKX\ӇQÿәL sang ܯ ௠௜௡ ݒܯ ௠௔௫ WURQJPLӅQ0HO&KX\ӇQÿәLJLӳDPLӅQWҫQVӕYjPLӅQ0HOÿѭӧF WtQKWRiQQKѭVDX ܯ ௞ ൌ ͳͳʹ͹݈݋݃ ൬ͳ ൅ ݂ ௞ ͹ͲͲ൰ (2.12) ݂ ௞ ൌ ͹ͲͲ ൬ͳͲ ଶହଽହ ெ ೖ െ ͳ൰ (2.13)

&KLDÿӅXNKRҧQJWҫQVӕWURQJPLӅQ0HOÿѭӧFJӑLOjFiFÿLӇPWҫQVӕWUXQJWkPEӝ OӑFVDXÿyFKX\ӇQ ÿәLQJѭӧFOҥLVDQJPLӅQWҫQVӕ.KLiSGөQJEӝOӑF0HOFiFWҫQ VӕOӑWYjRWURQJPӝWEӝOӑFWDPJLiFWUѭӟFKӃWVӁQKkQYӟLJLiWUӏEӝOӑFWtFKFKұS WURQJPLӅQWKӡLJLDQKRһFWtFKWURQJPLӅQWҫQVӕVDXÿyFӝQJOҥL1KѭYұ\ӭQJYӟL EӝOӑFWDPJLiFVӁFy PӝWJLiFWUӏÿѭӧFWtQKWRiQ

Hình 2-8 %͡O͕F0HOWDPJLiFYͣLE͡O͕FFKRK WK͙QJO̭\P̳XW̩L+]

0өFWLrXOjP{SKӓQJWtQKFKҩWSKLWX\ӃQFӫDWDLQJѭӡLEҵQJFiFKVӱGөQJKjP logarit Thêm YjRÿyKjPORJDULWFyWKӇFKX\ӇQSKpSQKkQWKjQKSKpSFӝQJQrQQӃXP{KuQKFyQKLӅXWURQJWtQKLӋXWDVӁGӉGjQJNKӱÿѭӧF

DCT

6DXEӝORJDULWWDWKXÿѭӧFGӳOLӋXÿһFWUѭQJFyÿӝWѭѫQJTXDQQKDXUҩWFDR1yL cách khác là correlated features, các vector fHDWXUHNK{QJÿӝFOұSQKDX0ӭFÿӝWѭѫQJ

18 TXDQFDRGүQÿӃQKӋTXҧOjWDVӁOjPYLӋFYӟLPDWUұQFRYDULDQFHÿҫ\ÿӫFiFSKҫQWӱ ÿӅXNKiFFӫDFiFYHFWRUIHDWXUHQj\/ѭӧQJWtQKWRiQVӁWăQJOrQÿiQJNӇYtGө QKѭQJKӏFKÿҧRPDWUұQĈӇJLҧPOѭӧQJWtQKWRiQNK{QJFҫQWKLӃWWDVӱGөQJ'&7 7iFGөQJFӫD'&7OjPFKRFiFIHDWXUHYHFWRUNK{QJWѭѫQJTXDQQKDXWӯÿyPDWUұQ FRYDULDQFHVӁFyGҥQJPDWUұQÿѭӡQJFKpRFKӍFyÿѭӡQJFKpRNKiF&{QJWKӭF FӫD'&7Oj ܯܨܥܥ ௜ ൌ ෍ ܺ ௞ ܿ݋ݏ ቌ݅ ቀ݇ െͳ ʹቁ ߨ ܰ ቍ ே ௞ୀଵ ǡ ݅ ൌ ͳǡ ʹǡ ǥ ǡ ܯ (2.14)

.ӃWWK~FEѭӟFQj\WDVӁWKXÿѭӧFYHFWRU0)&&P{WҧÿһFWUѭQJFӫDWtQKLӋXFӱDVә+DPPLQJ*LҧVӱWtQKLӋXEDQÿҫXÿѭӧFFKLDUDEҵQJFӱDVә+DPPLQJQKѭYұ\ÿӃQÿk\WDVӁFyYHFWRUKӋVӕ0)&&

Deltas

ĈӇEҳWVӵWKD\ÿәLTXDWӯQJNKXQJWURQJWtQKLӋXÿҥRKjPEұFQKҩWYjEұFKDLFӫD 0)&&ÿѭӧFWtQKYjJӝSFKXQJYjR

%̫QJ2-2 7͝QJV͙O˱ͫQJÿ̿FWU˱QJWKXÿ˱ͫFWͳP͡WYHFWRUFͯDQJ˱ͥLQyLFKX̱Q

/RҥLÿһFWUѭQJ 6ӕOѭӧQJ +ӋVӕ&HSVWUDO 12 +ӋVӕÿҥRKjPEұFFӫD

+ӋVӕQăQJOѭӧQJ 1 ĈҥRKjPEұFFӫDQăQJOѭӧQJ 1 ĈҥRKjPEұFFӫDQăQJOѭӧQJ 1

Energy

3KDQj\[ҧ\UDÿӗQJWKӡLYӟLSKDWUtFKFKӑQÿһFWUѭQJ0)&&7әQJQăQJOѭӧQJFӫDNKXQJÿҫXYjRÿѭӧFWtQK

ĈһFWUѭQJ3/3

Mô hình bài toán

Giҧ sӱ ta có ݉ QJѭӡLQyLሼܵ ଵ ǡ ܵ ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ܵ ௠ ሽPӛLQJѭӡLQyLܵ ௝ có ݉ ௝ ÿRҥQJLӑQJQyL FyWKӇOjILOHZDYPSJKLkPJLӑQJQyLܵ ௝ ൌ ሼܸ ଵ ௌ ೕ ǡ ܸ ଶ ௌ ೕ ǡ ǥ ǡ ܸ ௠ ೕ ௌ ೕ ሽ0ӛLILOHܸ ௜ ௌ ೕ ÿѭӧF

WLӅQ[ӱOêYjWiFKUDWKjQK݊ ௜ PDWUұQ0)&&ÿһFWUѭQJܸ ௜ ௌ ೕ ൌ ሼݑ ଵ ௏ ೔ ǡ ݑ ଶ ௏ ೔ ǡ ǥ ǡ ݑ ௡ ௏ ೔ ೔ א ܴ ொൈௗ ሽ7URQJFiFWUѭӡQJKӧSNK{QJJk\QKҫPOүQWDÿѫQJLҧQNêKLӋXݑ ௞ ௏ Ojÿһc WUѭQJ0)&&WKӭ ݇ ÿѭӧc trích xuҩt tӯ ÿRҥn nói ܸ cӫDQJѭӡi nóiܵ

7URQJPӛLÿһFWUѭQJݑ ௞ ௏ FyFKӭDÿӵQJFiFWK{QJWLQFKtQKVDX

7K{QJWLQYӅÿһFWUѭQJQJѭӡLQyL6YtGөQKѭÿһFWtQKJLӑQJQyLkPÿLӋX cách phát âm)

7K{QJWLQYӅQӝLGXQJQyLYtGөQKѭQJӳQJKƭDFkXFKӳ

7K{QJWLQNKiFYtGөQKѭWҥSkPP{LWUѭӡQJQKLӉXÿѭӡQJWUX\ӅQWK{QJWLQ kênh trX\ӅQkPWKDQK

;iFWKӵFJLӑQJQyLEDRJӗPKDLEѭӟF

1) +XҩQOX\ӋQP{KuQKWUDLQLQJVӱGөQJFiFÿһFWUѭQJݑ ௞ ௌ sҹQFyÿӇ mô hình mӛLQJѭӡi nói ܵ&iLJӑLOjP{KuQKFyWKӇKLӇXÿѫQJLҧQOjWҥRPӝWEӝWKDP

Vӕߠ ௌ QjRÿyYӟLVӕSKҫQWӱtWKѫQQKLӅXVRYӟL WәQJSKҫQWӱFӫDFiFYHFWRUݑ ௞ ௌ YjTXDQWUӑQJKѫQKӃWߠ ௌ có thӇ GQJÿӇ ÿһFWUѭQJFKRWӯQJQJѭӡi nói ܵ 2) Xác thӵc giӑQJQyLWHVWFKRWUѭӟc mӝWÿRҥn ghi âm giӑQJQyLÿѭӧc phân tách ra thành mӝt sӕ YHFWRUÿһFWUѭQJܸ ൌ ሼݒ ଵ ǡ ݒ ଶ ǡ ǥ ሽĈӗQJWKӡLFKRWUѭӟF mô hình ߠ ௌ cӫDQJѭӡi nói ܵ%jLWRiQÿһWUDOj[iFÿӏnh có phҧi ܸ xuҩt phát tӯ QJѭӡi nói ܵ hay không.

Nearest Neighbor

7KHRQJKLrQFӭXFӫD$+LJJLQVYjRQăP [9]PӝWWURQJQKӳQJSKѭѫQJSKiS ÿѫQJLҧQQKҩWÿӇJLҧLEjLWRiQQrXWUrQ/ѭӧQJWtQKWRiQtWGӉWKӵFKLӋQYjiSGөQJ YjNK{QJ\rXFҫXWKLӃWOұSP{KuQK[iF[XҩWFKRWӯQJQJѭӡLQyL7X\QKLrQGRNK{QJ TXDQWkPP{KuQKÿһFWUѭQJݑ ௞ ௌ QrQÿӝFKtQK[iFWKҩS

7Uѭӟc hӃWWDÿӏQKQJKƭDNKRҧng cách giӳa các tұp hӧSÿһFWUѭQJ&KRWUѭӟc hai tұp hӧSÿһFWUѭQJܷ ൌ ሼݑ ଵ ǡ ǥ ǡ ݑ ௡ ሽ vàܸ ൌ ሼݒ ଵ ǡ ǥ ǡ ݒ ௠ ሽ.KRҧQJFiFKJLӳD8Yj9ÿѭӧF ÿӏQKQJKƭDQKѭVDX ݀ሺܷǡ ܸሻ ൌͳ ݊ ෍ ௩ ೕ א௏หݑ ௜ െ ݒ ௝ ห ʹ ௨ ೔ א௎ ൅ ͳ ݉ ෍ ௨ ೔ א௎หݑ ௜ െ ݒ ௝ ห ʹ ௩ ೕ א௏ െͳ ݊ ෍ ௨ ೕ א௎ ௜ஷ௝ หݑ ௜ െ ݑ ௝ ห ʹ ௨ ೔ א௎ െ ͳ ݉ ෍ ௩ ೕ א௏ ௜ஷ௝ หݒ ௜ െ ݒ ௝ ห ʹ ௩ ೔ א௏

1KѭYұ\FKRWUѭӟFÿRҥn nói ܸ, ta có thӇ tính khoҧng cách ݀ሺܵ ௝ ǡ ܸሻ FKRWӯQJQJѭӡL nói ܵ ௝ *ӑLߣ ௝ là hҵng sӕ QJѭӥQJQjRÿy[iFÿӏQKFKRQJѭӡi nói, ta kӃt luұnܸ [XҩWSKiWWӯQJѭӡLQyLܵ ௝ nӃu ݀൫ܵ ௝ ǡ ܸ൯ ൑ ߣ ௝ QJѭӧc lҥi nӃu ݀൫ܵ ௝ ǡ ܸ൯ ൐ ߣ ௝

Vector Quantization

7KHRQJKLrQFӭXFӫD)6RRQJYjRQăP [10]WURQJSKѭѫQJSKiSQj\Pӛi QJѭӡi nói ܵ VӁÿѭӧFP{KuQKKyDEҵQJWKXұWWRiQOѭӧQJWӱvector Nói cách khác ӭng vӟi ݊ sӕ ÿһF WUѭQJܵ ൌ ሼݑ ଵ ௌ ǡ ݑ ଶ ௌ ǡ ǥ ǡ ݑ ௡ ௌ א ܴ ொൈௗ ሽ WD VӁ OѭӧQJ Wӱ UD PӝW Vӕ KӳX KҥQ vector ܵሚ ൌ ሼݕ ଵ ௌ ǡ ǥ ǡ ݕ ௛ ௌ ሽ (݄ ا ݊ÿӇ P{KuQKKyDQJѭӡi nói ܵ&iFOѭӧQJWӱݕ ௝ FzQJӑL OjFHQWURLGKRһFFRGHERRNFӫDܵ ௝ *LҧLWKXұWWKѭӡQJGQJÿӇWuPݕ ௝ FzQJӑLOjJLҧL WKXұWFOXVWHULQJQKѭVDX

1 .KӣLÿӝQJJLiWUӏQJүXQKLrQFKRFiFYHFWRUܵሚ ൌ ሼݕ ଵ ௌ ǡ ǥ ǡ ݕ ௛ ௌ ሽ FKRQJѭӡi nói ܵ

2 9ӟLPӛLÿһFWUѭQJݑ ௞ ௌ ta tính khoҧQJFiFKÿӃn mӛi centroid ݀ሺݑ ௞ ௌ ǡ ݕ ௝ ௌ ሻ vӟi ͳ ൑ ݆ ൑ ݄

3 Gán JLiWUӏOѭӧQJWӱFӫDݑ ௞ ௌ OjFHQWURLGJҫQQKҩWݕ ௧ ௌ 1JKƭDOjWDFy ݀ሺݑ ௞ ௌ ǡ ݕ ௧ ௌ ሻ ൑ ݀൫ݑ ௞ ௌ ǡ ݕ ௝ ௌ ൯׊݆ǡ ͳ ൑ ݆ ൑ ݄ (2.20)

4 &ұSQKұWJLiWUӏFKRWҩWFҧFiFFHQWURLGݕ ௧ ௌ : ݕ ௧ ௌ ൌ ͳ ȁܥ ௧ ȁ ෍ ݑ ௞ ௌ ௨ ೖ ೄ א஼ ೟

(2.21) Ӣÿk\ܥ ௧ OjWұSKӧSQKӳQJÿһFWUѭQJݑ ௞ ௌ ÿѭӧFJiQJLiWUӏOѭӧQJWӱOjݕ ௧ ௌ

NӃu sai sӕ ܧݎݎ ௌ nhӓ KѫQPӝt giӟi hҥQQjRÿyWKѭӡng tính ܧݎݎ ௜ ௌ െ ܧݎݎ ௜ିଵ ௌ ӣÿk\ OjVRVDLVӕJLӳDOҫQYzQJOһSi YӟLYzQJOһSWUѭӟFÿyi-1WKuQJӯQJQӃXNK{QJOjP OҥLEѭӟFWӯEѭӟFÿӃQEѭӟF ĈӇWtQKNKRҧQJFiFKJLӳDYHFWRUWDFyWKӇGQJ/-norm: ݀ሺݔǡ ݕሻ ൌԡݔ െ ݕԡ ଶ ൌ ෍ሺݔ ௜ െ ݕ ௜ ሻ ଶ ௧

(2.24) Ӣÿk\ݔ ௜ ǡ ݕ ௜ là các phҫn tӱ cӫa vector ݔǡ ݕ Ӣ Eѭӟc xác thӵFFKRWUѭӟFÿRҥn nói ܸ YjQJѭӡi nói ܵWDWtQKÿӝ biӃn dҥng khi Oѭӧng tӱ ܸ sӱ dөng codebook cӫa ܵ:

Gӑi ߣ OjKҵQJVӕQJѭӥQJQjRÿy[iFÿӏQKFKRQJѭӡLQyLWDNӃWOXұn:ܸ xuҩt phát tӯ QJѭӡi nói ܵ nӃu ܧݎݎሺܵǡ ܸሻ ൑ ߣQJѭӧc lҥi nӃu ܧݎݎሺܵǡ ܸሻ ൐ ߣ.

GMM-UBM

7KHRQJKLrQFӭXFӫD$5H\QROGVYjRQăP [11]ѭXÿLӇPFӫDSKѭѫQJSKiS 1HDUHVW 1HLJKERU Yj 9HFWRU 4XDQWL]DWLRQ Oj WtQK WRiQ ÿѫQ JLҧQ OѭӧQJ WtQK WRiQ NK{QJÿiQJNӇYjGӉWKӵFKLӋQ7X\QKLrQNKX\ӃWÿLӇPӣFKӛKRһFNK{QJFyP{KuQK ÿһFWUѭQJFKRWӯQJQJѭӡLQyLܵ ௝ KRһFFyQKѭQJFzQÿѫQJLҧQQrQÿӝFKtQK[iFNK{QJ FDRĈӇNKҳFSKөFÿLӅXÿySKѭѫQJSKiS*00-UBM (Gaussian Mixture Model- UniYHUVDO %DFNJURXQG0RGHO ÿѭD UD KDLORҥLP{KuQKFѫEҧQ P{KuQKSKәTXiW 8%0YjP{KuQKSKӭF*DXVVLDQ*00ÿһFWUѭQJFKRWӯQJQJѭӡLQyL0{KuQK SKәTXiWGQJÿӇP{WҧWK{QJWLQNK{QJSKөWKXӝFQJѭӡLQyLYjFNJQJNK{QJSKө WKXӝFYjRP{LWUѭӡQJJKLkPJLӑQJQyL1JѭӧFOҥLP{KuQKSKӭF*DXVVLDQÿһFWUѭQJ FKRWӯQJQJѭӡLQyLFKӍEҩWELӃQWURQJFiFÿRҥQWKXkPӭQJYӟLQJѭӡLQyLÿy

7URQJSKѭѫQJSKiSQj\WDVӁ WuP8%0WUѭӟFYjGQJQyQKѭOjFiFJLiWUӏ chung cӫa tҩt cҧ QJѭӡi nói Gӑi ܷ ൌ ሼݑ ଵ ǡ ݑ ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ݑ ௡ א ܴ ொ ሽ OjWұSKӧSWҩWFҧFiF

YHFWRUÿһFWUѭQJFӫDWҩWFҧQJѭӡLQyL*LҧLWKXұWWKѭӡQJGQJÿӇWtQKWRiQ8%0 ÿѭӧFJӑLOj(0([SHFWDWLon-0D[LPL]DWLRQQKѭVDX:

1 .KӣLWҥRFiFJLiWUӏEDQÿҫX a &KӑQJLiWUӏN YtGө1 KRһF1 b Khӣi tҥo giá trӏ EDQÿҫu cho ܰ WKDPVӕ݌ ଵ ൌ ݌ ଶ ൌ ڮ ൌ ݌ ே ൌ ଵ ே c .KӣLWҥRJLiWUӏEDQÿҫXFKRFiFYHFWRUWUXQJEuQKYjPDWUұQFRYDULDQFH ൛ሺߤ ௝ ǡ ߑ ௝ ሻൟ ௝ୀଵ ே (ví Gөߤ ௝ ൌ Ͳ א ܴ ொ và ߑ ௝ ൌ ܫ א ܴ ொൈொ vӟi ܫ OjPDWUұQÿѫQ

OjKjPSKkQEӕPұWÿӝ[iFVXҩW Gauss FӫDYHFWRUQJүXQKLrQݑ ௞ YӟLJLiWUӏ trung bình là ߤ ௝ YjPDWUұQFRYDULDQFHOjߑ ௝

3 %ѭӟFWtQK0D[LPL]DWLRQ a &ұSQKұWJLiWUӏWUXQJEuQKPHDQ ߤ ௝ ൌσ ௡ ௞ୀଵ ݄ ௝ ሺݑ ௞ ǡ ߠ ௜ିଵ ሻݑ ௞ ݄ ௝ (2.29) b &ұSQKұWKӋVӕ ݌ ௝ ൌ݄ ௝ ݊ (2.30)

4 /һSOҥLFiFEѭӟF([SHFWDWLRQYj0D[LPL]DWLRQÿӃQNKLJLҧLWKXұWKӝLWө

KӃt quҧ ta có bӝ tham sӕ cӫa UBM ߠ ൌ ൛݌ ௝ ǡ ߤ ௝ ǡ ߑ ௝ ൟ ௝ୀଵ ே ÿk\FNJQJOjEӝWKDPVӕ

SKӭFKӧS*DXVVLDQFyN SKkQEӕ*DXVVLDQNKiFQKDXሺߤ ௝ ǡ ߑ ௝ Yj[iF[XҩWÿӇFKӑQ SKkQEӕ*DXVVLDQWKӭj là ݌ ௝

%ѭӟF WLӃS WKHR Wӯ P{ KuQK SKә TXiW WUrQ WD VӁ WҥR UD FiF Eӝ WKDP Vӕ ߠ ௌ ൌ ൛݌ ௝ ௌ ǡ ߤ ௝ ௌ ǡ ߑ ௝ ௌ ൟ ௝ୀଵ ே FNJQJOjSKӭFKӧSN SKkQEӕ*DXVVLDQÿһFWUѭQJFKRQJѭӡLQyLS

7KѭӡQJGQJOjSKѭѫQJSKiS ѭӟFOѭӧQJ0$30D[LPXP$3RVWHULRU>*DXYLQ /HH 1994]:

1 ChӑQUDFiFYHFWRUÿһFWUѭQJӭng vӟLQJѭӡi nói ܵ ൌ ሼݑ ଵ ௌ ǡ ݑ ଶ ௌ ǡ ǥ ሽ

2 ÈSGөQJJLҧLWKXұW(0WѭѫQJWӵQKѭ8%0ÿӇWtQKUDJLiWUӏWҥPWKӡL

3 &ұSQKұWEӝWKDPVӕߠ ௌ QKѭVDX ݌ ௝ ௌ ൌ ݌ ௜ (2.33) ߤ ௝ ௌ ൌ ݄෨ ௝ ௌ ߛ ൅ ݄෨ ௝ ௌ ߤ෤ ௝ ௌ ൅ ߛ ߛ ൅ ݄෨ ௝ ௌ ߤ ௝ (2.34) ߑ ௝ ௌ ൌ ߑ ௝ (2.35)

4 Ӣ ÿk\ߛ gӑi là hӋ sӕ liên hӋ WKѭӡQJÿѭӧc chӑn là ߛ ൌ ͳ͸'ӉWKҩ\FKӍFy vector trung bình ߤ ௝ ௌ OjNKiFELӋWFKRPӛLQJѭӡLQyLSFiFWKDPVӕNKiFÿӅX

QKѭQKDX Ӣ Eѭӟc xác thӵFFKRWUѭӟFÿRҥn nói ܸ ൌ ሼݒ ଵ ǡ ݒ ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ݒ ௠ ሽ YӟLFiFYHFWRUÿһFWUѭQJ ݒ ௞ WDWtQKJLiWUӏOLNHOLKRRGӭQJYӟLPӛLYHFWRUݒ ௞ cho mô hình SKәTXiWYjP{KuQK

*00ӭQJYӟLQJѭӡLQyL6*LiWUӏOLNHOLKRRGÿѭӧFÿӏQKQJKƭDQKѭVDX ܷܤܯǣ ݂ሺݒ ௞ ሻ ൌ ෍ ݌ ௝ ܰ൫ݒ ௞ ǡ ߤ ௝ ǡ ߑ ௝ ൯ ே ௝ୀଵ

7URQJSKѭѫQJSKiS*00-8%0WDJLҧLVӱFiFYHFWRUÿһFWUѭQJݒ ௞ ÿӝc lұp vӟi QKDX'RÿyJLiWUӏ likelihood cӫa ܸ VӁOjWtFKFӫDWҩWFҧFiFJLiWUӏOLNHOLKRRGFӫDݒ ௞ : ܷܤܯǣ ݂ሺݒ ௞ ሻ ൌ ෑ ෍ ݌ ௝ ܰ൫ݒ ௞ ǡ ߤ ௝ ǡ ߑ ௝ ൯ ே ௝ୀଵ ௠ ௞ୀଵ

27 Gӑi ߣ là hҵng sӕ QJѭӥQJQjRÿy[iFÿӏQKFKRQJѭӡi nói, ta kӃt luұn:ܸ xuҩt phát tӯ QJѭӡi nói ܵ nӃu ܮܮܴ ௌ ൑ ߣQJѭӧc lҥi nӃu ܮܮܴ ௌ ൐ ߣ.

Neural Network

Feed forward

9LӋFVX\OXұQWURQJPҥQJQHXUDOÿѭӧFODQWUX\ӅQWKHRFKLӅXWKXұQIHHGIRUZDUG4XiWUuQKÿѭӧFELӇXGLӉQQKѭKuQK-16

0ӝWSHUFHSWURQӣOӟSVDXVӁÿѭӧFWtQKWRiQGӵDWUrQFiFSHUFHSWURQOӟSWUѭӟFQy 0ӝWVӕNêNLӋXFҫQFK~ê ܮ7әQJVӕOD\HUFKѭDWtQKLQSXWOD\HU ݈: sӕ thӭ j cӫa layer ݈ ൌ ͳǡ ʹǡ ǥ ǡ ܮ ܽ ሺ௟ିଵሻ ǣ ÿҫu ra cӫa layer thӭ ݈ െ ͳÿҫu vào cӫa layer thӭ ݈ ܽ ሺ଴ሻ ൌ ݔǣ ÿҫXYjRFӫDPҥQJYjFNJQJOjÿҫXUDFӫDOӟSWKӭ ܽ ሺ௅ሻ ൌ ݕොǣ ÿҫu ra cӫa lӟp cuӕi ܮ ݆ǣ chӍ mөF FKR FiF ÿһF WtQK ÿҫu vào tҥi layer thӭ ݈ǣܽ ௝ ሺ௟ିଵሻ 7URQJ ÿy ݆ ൌ Ͳǡͳǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ܦ ሺ௟ିଵሻ െ ͳ ݇ǣ chӍ mөF FKR FiF ÿһF WtQK ÿҫu ra tҥi layer thӭ ݈ǣܽ ௞ ሺ௟ሻ 7URQJ ÿy݇ ൌ Ͳǡͳǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ܦ ሺ௟ሻ െ ͳ

1KѭYұy khi tính toán feedforward, ta cҫQWtQKÿҫu ra cӫa layer thӭ ݈ WӯÿҫXUDFӫD OD\HUWUѭӟFܽ ሺ௟ିଵሻ WKHRF{QJWKӭFQKѭVDX ݖ ሺ௟ሻ ൌ ܹ ሺଵሻ ܽ ሺ௟ିଵሻ (2.41) ܽ ሺ௟ሻ ൌ ݂൫ݖ ሺ௟ሻ ൯ (2.42)

Loss function

29 ݕ ሺ௜ሻ là nhãn cӫa mүu thӭ ݅PүXWKXӝFOӟSVӁFyݕ ሺ௜ሻ ൌ ͲPүXWKXӝFOӟS VӁFyݕ ሺ௜ሻ ൌ ͳ ݕො ௞ ሺ௜ሻ OjSKҫQWӱWKӭNWURQJKjQJWKӭ,FӫDPDWUұQݕො ݉ OjWәQJVӕPүXKXҩQOX\ӋQ ܭ OjVӕOӟSSKkQORҥL ߣ OjKӋVӕÿLӅXFKӍQK ܹ OjEӝWK{QJVӕFӫDPҥQJ

&KӭFQăQJFӫDܮ ଶ ൌ ఒ ଶԡܹԡ ଶ ଶ ÿӇFKӕQJRYHU-ILWWLQJEҵQJFiFOjPVX\JLҧPFiFKӋVӕFyJLiWUӏOӟQYj WiFKFiFYHFWRUWUӑQJVӕ

Backpropagation and Derivatives

7DFyWKӇKLӇXêWѭӣQJFӫDWKXұWWRiQOjWtQKWRiQWӯSKҫQÿҫXUDFӫDPҥQJQJѭӡL YӅSKtDWUѭӟFFөWKӇOjWtQKWRiQJUDGLHQWFӫDORVVIXQFWLRQWѭѫQJӭQJFKRWӯQJFiF WK{QJVӕZHLJKWFӫDPҥQJ*UDGLHQW'HVFHQWVDXÿѭӟFÿѭӧFGQJÿӇFұSQKұWOҥL FiFWK{QJVӕÿy1rQYLӋFWLӃQWuQKFyWKӇÿѭӧFWUuQKEj\TXDFiFEѭӟFQKѭVDX

%ѭӟc 1: Ta sӁ tính tӯ ÿҫXÿӃn cuӕi mҥng theo công thӭc (2.41), (2.42) vӟi ݈ ൌ ͳǡ ʹǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ܮ

%ѭӟF7tQKÿҥRKjPFӫDORVVIXQFWLRQWKHR]WtQKWӯOӟSÿҫXUD ߲ܬ ߲ݖ ሺ௅ሻ ൌ ߲ܬ ߲ܽ ሺ௅ሻ ߲ܽ ሺ௅ሻ ߲ݖ ሺ௅ሻ (2.44)

%ѭӟc 3: TiӃp theo thӇ hiӋn rõ quá trình lan truyӅQQJѭӧc, ta sӁ WtQKÿҥo hàm theo ]QJѭӧc lҥi tӯ lӟp ݈ ൌ ܮ െ ͳǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ʹǡ ͳ WKHRF{QJWKӭF ߲ܬ ߲ݖ ሺ௅ሻ ൌ ߲ܬ ߲ݖ ሺ௟ାଵሻ ߲ݖ ሺ௟ାଵሻ ߲ܽ ሺ௟ሻ ߲ܽ ሺ௟ሻ ߲ݖ ሺ௟ሻ ൌ ൬൫ܹ ሺ௟ାଵሻ ൯ ் ߲ܬ ߲ݖ ሺ௟ାଵሻ ൰߲ܽ ሺ௟ሻ ߲ݖ ሺ௟ሻ (2.45)

%ѭӟF7tQKÿҥRKjPFӫDORVVIXQFWLRQWKHREӝWKDPVӕZHLJKW ߲ܬ ߲ܹ ሺ௟ሻ ൌ ߲ܬ ߲ݖ ሺ௟ሻ ߲ܽ ሺ௟ሻ ߲ܹ ሺ௟ሻ ൌ ߲ܬ ߲ݖ ሺ௟ሻ ሺܽ ሺ௟ିଵሻ ሻ ் (2.46)

9ӟLܽ ሺ௟ିଵሻ WtQKWӯEѭӟFYj డ௃ డ௭ ሺ೗ሻ WtQKWӯEѭӟF

Convolution Neural Network

Convolutional Layer

/ӟSWtFKFKұSEDRJӗPFiFNHUQHOYjFiFWKDPVӕFҩXKuQKFiFNHUQHOVӁOҫQOѭӧW WUѭӧWTXDLQSXWYjFKұSJLӳOҥLQKӳQJTXDQKӋJLӳDFiFSL[HOEҵQJFiFKKӑFÿһFWUѭQJ FӫDҧQKEҵQJFiFEӝOӑFKD\QKkQ

.tFKWKѭӟFÿҫXUDFӫDҧQKVӁWtQKWKHRF{QJWKӭF ݋ ൌ݅ ൅ ʹ ൈ ݌ െ ݇ ݏ ൅ ͳ (2.47)

31 ݋NtFKWKѭӟFҧQKÿҫXUD ݅NtFKWKѭӟFҧQKÿҫXYjR ݌NtFKWKѭӟFNKRҧQJWUҳQJÿѭӧFFKqQ WKrPErQQJRjLYLӅQҧQKJӕF ݇NtFKWKѭӟFEӝOӑF ݏEѭӟFWUѭӧWFӫDEӝOӑF

&iFWUӑQJVӕFӫDEӝOӑFVӁÿѭӧFNKӣLWҥRW\WKHRFҩXKuQKWӯWUѭӟFÿӕLYӟLPҥQJ 7'117LPH'HOD\1HXUDO1HWZRUNKRһFQJүXQKLrQ&iFWUӑQJVӕQj\OjFiFWK{QJ VӕÿѭӧFKӑFQrQ VӁÿѭӧFFұSQKұWWUuQKKXҩQOX\ӋQ

2.7.2 Lӟp kích hoҥt phi tuyӃn (ReLU)

&yUҩWQKLӅXKjPNtFKKRҥWSKLWX\ӃQQKѭ5H/8VLJPRLGWDQKô&iFKjPQj\ GQJOjOӟSNtFKKRҥWQKұQÿҫXYjROjÿҫXUDFӫDOӟSWtFKFKұSÿӇOӵFFKӑQQKӳQJÿһF WUѭQJPRQJPXӕQ+jP5H/8WKѭӡQJÿѭӧFFKӑQYuÿѫQJLҧQYjWtQKWRiQQKDQK WURQJSKҫQQJKLrQFӭXFӫDP{KuQKWURQJOXұQYăQQj\FNJQJFKӍVӱGөQJKjP5H/8 QrQWDVӁNK{QJJLӟLWKLӋXQKѭQJKjPNtFKKRҥWNKiF

Pooling layer

.KL[ӱOêҧQKWDWKѭӡQJ PXӕQJLҧPGҫQÿӝSKkQJLҧLNK{QJJLDQFӫDFiFELӇX GLӉQҭQWәQJKӧSWK{QJWLQOҥLÿӇNKLFjQJÿLVkXYjRPҥQJYQJWLӃSQKұQӣÿҫX YjRҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQPӛLQ~WҭQFjQJOӟQ

1KLӋPYөFXӕLFQJWKѭӡQJOjWUҧOӡLPӝWFkXKӓLQjRÿyYӅWRjQEӝWҩPҧQKYt

Gө QKѭWURQJҧQKFyPqRNK{QJ"9ұ\QrQFiFQ~WFӫDWҫQJFXӕLFQJWKѭӡQJFҫQ SKҧLFKӏXҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDWRjQEӝÿҫXYjR%ҵQJFiFKGҫQJӝSWK{QJWLQOҥLÿӇWҥRUD FiFiQK[ҥÿһFWUѭQJWKѭDGҫQWDVӁKӑFÿѭӧFPӝWELӇXGLӉQWRjQFөFWURQJNKLYүQ FyWKӇJLӳQJX\rQWRjQEӝOӧLWKӃÿӃQWӯFiFWҫQJWtFKFKұS[ӱOêWUXQJJLDQ

Fully connected layer

/ӟSQj\FyFҩXWU~FJLӕQJYӟLPҥQJQHXUDOWUX\ӅQWKӕQJWӭFOjPӛLXQLWVӁNӃWQӕLYӟLWҩWFҧFiFSHUFHSWURQFӫDOӟSWLӃSWKHR

Batch norm layer

7URQJTXiWUuQKKXҩQOX\ӋQ'11ÿ{LO~F[ҧ\UDKLӋQWѭӧQJWKӡLJLDQKXҩQOX\ӋQ EӏNpRGjLKD\NӃWTXҧQKұQÿѭӧFNK{QJFKtQK[iFQKѭPRQJPXӕQ1JX\rQQKkQ Jk\UDÿLӅXQj\OLrQTXDQÿӃQYLӋFWKD\ÿәLSKkQSKӕLGLVWULEXWLRQFӫDÿҫXYjRFiF OӟSNKLPjWKDPVӕFӫDFiFOӟSWUѭӟFQyWKD\ÿәL+LӋQWѭӧQJQj\ÿѭӧFJӑLOj,QWHUQDO

&RYDULDWH 6KLIW 7ӯ ÿy ê WѭӣQJ WKrP PӝW OӟS FKXҭQ KyD QRUPDOL]LQJ Yj ]HUR

32 FHQWHULQJÿҫXYjRFiFOӟSÿѭDQKӳQJJLiWUӏQj\WKjQKSKkQSKӕL*DXVVLDQ6DXÿyNӃWTXҧVӁÿѭӧFVFDOLQJYjVKLIWLQJEҵQJWKDPVӕFKRPӛLOӟS

Dropout layer

0ӝWWURQJQKӳQJYҩQÿӅWKѭӡQJJһSSKҧLWURQJPҥQJQHXUDOOjRYHU-fitting Trong WKӵFWӃNKLPXӕQFKRP{KuQKWUӣQrQSKӭFWҥSKѫQWKuQJѭӡLWDWKѭӡQJWăQJVӕ OӟS ҭQFNJQJQKѭWăQJVӕXQLWOrQĈLӅXQj\GүQÿӃQVӵSKөWKXӝFOүQQKDXFӫDFiFOD\HU YjGRÿy[ҧ\UDRYHU-ILWWLQJĈӇJLҧLTX\ӃWYҩQÿӅQj\NƭWKXұWGURSRXWUDÿӡL'URSRXW OjPӝWNƭWKXұW5HJXODUL]DWLRQQy[yDEӓPӝWVӕXQLWWURQJFiFEѭӟFKXҩQOX\ӋQ WѭѫQJ ӭQJYӟLPӝW[iFVXҩWSFKRWUѭӟF

2.7.7 Trích xuҩWYHFWRUÿһFWUѭQJ

6DXNKLKXҩQOX\ӋQP{KuQKKӑFVkXÿҥWÿѭӧFQKѭQJ\rXFҫXÿһWUDWLӃSWKHRWDVӁ WUtFK[XҩWFiFÿһFWUѭQJWKjQKPӝWYHFWRUÿҥLGLӋQFKRPӝWFODVV9HFWRUÿһFWUѭQJFy VӕFKLӅXOj[PWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFFKӑQOjOӟSIODWWHQFӫDPҥQJKRһFFyOӟSGHQVHÿӇJLҧP NtFKWKѭӟF7ҩWFҧQKӳQJPүXVDXNKLWUDLQÿѭӧFVӱGөQJOҥLOҫQQӳDWDVӁÿѭӧF YHFWRUÿһFWUѭQJFKRWӯQJPүXӭQJYӟLWӯQJVӁFyYHFWRUYӟLFODVVWDVӁÿѭӧFVӕ OѭӧQJYHFWRUQKҩWÿӏQKGQJÿӇSKkQWtFKÿiQKJLiYjOӵDFKӑQOjPÿһFWUѭQJFӫD WӯQJFODVV

2.8 3KѭѫQJSKiSÿiQKJLiVӵ WѭѫQJTXDQJLӳa 2 vector

9ӟLYHFWRUFKRWUѭӟFWDFyWKӇGQJFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSÿӇÿiQKJLiFK~QJFyFKQJSKkQSKӕLKD\ÿѭӧFFKROj³JҫQ´QKDXKD\NK{QJ3KҫQQj\ÿѭӧFVӱGөQJWURQJJLDL ÿRҥQ[iFWKӵFQJѭӡLGQJÿyFyÿѭӧFÿăQJNtKD\FKѭDFӫDKӋWKӕQJÿk\OjEѭӟF ÿiQKJLiFXӕLFQJWUѭӟFNKL[XҩWNӃWTXҧQrQWDFyPӝWVӕSKѭѫQJSKiSQKѭVDX

Cosine similarity

3KѭѫQJSKiSWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFGQJWURQJYLӋFÿiQKJLiVӵJLӕQJ QKDXFӫDÿRҥQYăQ EҧQQKLӅXWUѭӡQJKӧSNKLVRViQKYăQEҧQNtFKWKѭӟFYăQEҧQVӁNK{QJWѭѫQJÿӗQJ QKDXQrQFRVLQHVLPLODULW\ÿѭӧFGQJÿӇJLҧLTX\ӃWYҩQÿӅÿy ܥ݋ݏߠ ൌ ܽԦܾሬԦ ԡܽԦԡԡܾሬԦԡ (2.48) ĈӇGӉKLӇXWDFyWKӇ[pWӣWUѭӡQJKӧSVӕFKLӅXFӫDYHFWRUOjQKѭYұ\ÿk\Oj F{QJWKӭFWtQKFRVLQHFӫDJyFWҥREӣLYHFWRUWUrQPһWSKҷQJWRҥÿӝ1ӃXYHFWRU FQJFKӍYӅPӝWKѭӟQJFyWKӇÿӝGjLNK{QJEҵQJQKDXWKuJyFWҥREӣLYHFWRUÿy VӁWLӃQYӅQKѭWKӃFRVLQHVӁWLӃQYӅ

3KѭѫQJSKiSWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFGQJWURQJFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSSKkQFөPWUX\ӅQWKӕQJ QKѭ.-11ÿӇWtQKÿӝ³JҫQ´QKDXFӫDYHFWRU ݀ሺݔǡ ݕሻ ൌ ඩ෍ሺݔ ௜ െ ݕ ௜ ሻ ଶ ௠ ଵ

7ӯQKӳQJYHFWRUÿһFWUѭQJFӫDQKLӅXPүXWURQJFODVVWӯÿyFyWKӇWtQKÿѭӧF giiWUӏNuYӑQJYjSKѭѫQJVDLWDFyWKӇGQJSKkQSKӕL*DXVVÿӇÿiQKJLi ݂ሺݔȁߤǡ ߪሻ ൌ ͳ ȁߪȁ ଵ ଶ ʹߨ ௠ ଶ ݁ݔ݌ሺെͳ ʹሺݔ െ ߤሻ ் ߪ ିଵ ሺݔ െ ߤሻሻ (2.50)

2.9 3KѭѫQJSKiSWăQJFѭӡng dӳ liӋu

7KHRÿӏQKQJKƭDWӯ:LNLSHGLD³7ăQJFѭӡQJGӳOLӋXOjTXiWUuQKWҥRWKrPPүX EҵQJFiFK WKrPYjRFiFEҧQVDRÿѭӧFFKӍQKVӱDKRһFEҧQVDRÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSWӯFiF PүXWUѭӟFÿy´4XiWUuQKQj\WKѭӡQJÿѭӧFiSGөQJÿӇFҧLWKLӋQKLӋXVXҩWYjNӃWTXҧ FӫDFiFP{KuQKKӑFVkXÿһFELӋWÿӕLYӟLFiFEӝGӳOLӋXYӯDYjQKӓ3KҫQQj\WDVӁ WUuQKEj\FiFKWăQJFѭӡQJGӳOLӋXÿӕLYӟLWұSGӵOLӋXQKұQGҥQJQJѭӡLQyLWLӃQJ9LӋW EҵQJFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSWKrPWLӃQJӗQYjRWURQJFiFPүX9uP{LWUѭӡQJKRҥWÿӝQJ FӫD KӋ WKӕQJOj P{LWUѭӡQJLQGRRUWDVӁWLӃQKjQK WKrPFiF ORҥLQKLӉXQKѭQKLӉX JDXVVWLӃQJPѭDUѫLFzL[HKRһFWLӃQJӗQGRFiFVӵNLӋQkPWKDQKNKiFSKәELӃQ WURQJQKjQKѭWLӃQJPӣFӱDWLӃQJQyLFKX\ӋQôFiFkPWKDQKQj\ÿѭӧFWKrPYjR YӟLÿӝӗQWLrXFKXҭQOjG%FNJQJOjÿӝӗQWUXQJEuQKFӫDP{LWUѭӡQJWURQJQKDÿѭӧF WKӕQJNrWҥLEҧQJVDXWtQKLӋXWKXkPÿѭӧF WҥLPLFURSKRQHFӫDKӋWKӕQJÿӝOӟQEҵQJ WLӃQJQyLFKX\ӋQEuQKWKѭӡQJG%

%̫QJ2-3 %̫QJWK͋KL Qÿ͡OͣQFͯDFiFOR̩LkPWKDQKWK͹FW͇

&ѭӡQJÿӝ âm thanh ߚሺ݀ܤሻ &ѭӡQJÿӝ ܫ 9tGө

50 ͳ ൈ ͳͲ ି଻ ặPWKDQKWҥLF{QJVӣQKҥFQKҽ

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Hình 2-19 M̳XGͷOL XWU˱ͣFYjVDXNKLWKrPWL͇QJP˱DU˯L

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49 ÿѭӧFÿһFWUѭQJEDQÿҫXFӫDEӭFҧQKFNJQJQKѭFyWKӇ[ӱOêWLӃSFiFÿҫXUDFӫDOӟS WUѭӟF

Hình 3-23 L͇QWU~FP̩QJ'HQVH1HW[21] ĈӕLYӟLFiFPҥQJKӑFVkXWK{QJ WKѭӡQJWDFyÿҫXYjRFӫDOӟSWKӭ/OjÿҫXUDFӫD OӟS/± YjOjÿҫXYjRFӫDOӟS/KD\ELӇXGLӉQEҵQJELӇXWKӭF ݔ ௟ ൌ ܪ ௟ ሺݔ ௟ିଵ ሻ (3.3) éWѭӣQJFӫD5HV1HW ݔ ௟ ൌ ܪ ௟ ሺݔ ௟ିଵ ሻ ൅ ݔ ௟ିଵ (3.4) 7KLӃWNӇFӫDNKӕL'HQVH ݔ ௟ ൌ ܪ ௟ ሺሾݔ ଴ ݔ ଵ ǡ ǥ ǡ ݔ ௟ିଵ ሿሻ (3.5)

1KѭYұ\ÿҫXYjRFӫDOӟSWKӭ/WURQJ'HQVH1HWOjVӵNӃWKӧSFӫDQKӳQJÿҫXUD WҥLOӟSWKӭô/-1

9LӋFQӕLWLӃSQKӳQJNKӕL'HQVHVӁJһSYҩQÿӅFKtQKOjNtFKWKѭӟFFӫDFiFIHDWXUH PDSVӁWKD\ÿәLQrQFҫQSKҧLFyPӝWOӟSWәQJKӧSÿһWJLӳDFiFNKӕL'HQVHYӟLFKӭF QăQJOjPJLҧPNtFKWKѭӟFÿҫXUD&iFOӟSÿѭӧFVӱGөQJӣÿk\OjOӟS%DFN1RUPOӟS NtFKKRҥW5H/8YjOӟSWtFKFKұSYӟLNHUQHO[QKyPOӟSQj\ÿѭӧF[HPQKѭKjP WәQJKӧSܪ ௟

Hình 3-24 L͇QWU~FP̩QJ'HQVH1HWYͣLNK͙L'HQVH[21] ĈLӅXNKiFQKDXTXDQWUӑQJJLӳD'HQVH1HWYjFiFNLӃQWU~FPҥQJNKiFOj'HQV1HWFyWKӇFyQKӳQJOӟSUҩWKҽS.KL[k\GӵQJPҥQJWDFyWK{QJVӕNÿѭӧFJӑLOjWӕFÿӝWăQJWUѭӣQJFӫD PҥQJ0ӛLOӟSFyWKӇWKrPYjRNIHDWXUH-PDSVFKӍVӕNPDQJêQJKƭDUҵQJFyWKӇWKrPEDRQKLrXWK{QJWLQYjRSKҫQWRjQFөFFӫDPҥQJSKҫQWRjQ

50 FөFOjSKҫQPjWҩWFҧFiFOӟSWURQJPҥQJFyWKӇWUX\FұSÿӃQNK{QJJLӕQJQKѭNLӃQ WU~FWUX\ӅQWKӕQJNK{QJFҫQSKҧLVDRFKpS KRһFWUX\ӅQWӯOӟSQj\WӟLOӟSNKiF

6DXÿk\OjNӃWTXҧKXҩQOX\ӋQYjNLӇPWKӱFӫDPҥQJ'HQVH1HWYӟLEӝGӳOLӋX QKұQGLӋQQJѭӡLQyLWKHRWӯNKyDWLӃQJ9LӋW

Hình 3-25 ͇WTX̫KX̭QOX\ QYjNL͋PWK͵'HQVH1HW

3.3.8 Mô hình hӑc sâu sӱ dөng trong luұQYăQ a 6ӱGөQJFiFP{KuQKÿmNKҧRViW

6DXNKLNKҧRViWFiFP{KuQKWUrQYӟLEӝGӳOLӋXQKұQGҥQJQJѭӡLQyLEҵQJWLӃQJ 9LӋWWDU~WUDFiFQKұQ[pWQKѭVDX9ӅFѫEҧQSKѭѫQJSKiSNKҧRViWWURQJOXұQYăQ FyWKӇWѭѫQJWKtFKWӕWYӟLWҩWFҧFiFP{KuQKWUuQKEj\ӣWUrQ7X\QKLrQÿӇJyLJӑQ SKҫQWUuQKEj\WDVӁFKӑQWLrXELӇXYjLP{KuQKÿӇNKҧRViW&K~êUҵQJFiFP{KuQK PҥQJQHXUDONӇWUrQFKӫ\ӃXÿѭӧFWKLӃWNӃFKREjLWRiQQKұQGҥQJKuQKҧQKYjNKy FyWKӇWUӵFWLӃSiSGөQJYjREjLWRiQ[iFWKӵFQJѭӡLQyL7URQJSKҫQQj\WDWKӵFKLӋQ FKӍQKVӱDFiFP{KuQKQHXUDOÿӇSKKӧSYӟLEjLWRiQ[iFWKӵFQJѭӡLQyLGӵDWUrQWӯ khóa

7DVӁFKӑQP{KuQK'HQVH1HWFyÿӝ SKӭFWҥSFDRQKҩWFNJQJQKѭKLӋXVXҩWFDRQKҩWWURQJFiFP{KuQKWUrQÿӇKLӋQWKӵFEjLWRiQ9ӟLP{KuQK'HQVH1HWQJX\rQPүXJӗPNKӕL'HQVHQWDVӁWKrPÿҫXUDӣOӟS)ODWWHQÿӇWҥRUD(PEHGGHG9HFWRU ÿҥLGLӋQFKRWӯQJQJѭӡLGQJ9LӋFFKӑQOӟS)ODWWHQYuÿk\OjWUѭӡQJKӧSÿѫQJLҧQQKҩWNK{QJSKҧLWKD\ÿәLNLӃQWU~FP{KuQKQrQNK{QJOjPҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQÿӝFKtQK[iF7URQJWUѭӡQJKӧSNKLWUtFK[XҩW(PEHGGHG9HFWRUWҥLOD\HUQj\NK{QJPDQJOҥLNӃWTXҧWӕWSKkQEӕFӫDÿӝWѭѫQJTXDQJLӳDQJѭӡLGQJÿmÿăQJNtYjFKѭDÿăQJNtNK{QJWiFKUӡLJk\NKyNKăQFKRYLӋFFKӑQQJѭӥQJWDEҳWEXӝFSKҧLWKrPYjRKRһFQKLӅXOӟSQKҵPÿҥWÿѭӧFPөFWLrXWiFKUӡLORҥLQJѭӡLGQJ&NJQJYu'HQVH1HWFyNLӃQWU~FSKӭFWҥSQKLӅXOӟSQrQYLӋFWKrPYjLOӟSVӁNK{QJOjPҧQKKѭӣQJOӟQ ÿӃQP{KuQKYtGөQKѭWUѭӡQJKӧSPҥQJ/H1HW-EDRJӗPOӟSQrQQӃXWDWKD\ÿәL

51 KRһFWKrPYjLOӟSYjRFyWKӇJk\WKD\ÿәLKRjQWRjQNLӃQWU~FFNJQJQKѭҧQKKѭӣQJ OӟQÿӃQÿӝFKtQK[iFP{SKӓQJO~FWUѭӟF

Hình 3-26 0{KuQK'HQV1HWNKLWUtFK[X̭W(PEHGGHG9HFWRU

Lӟp L2 Norm thӵc hiӋn chuҭn hóa giá trӏ theo công thӭc 3.6 (ߙ là hӋ sӕ ÿӇ scale giá trӏ ÿҫXUDWKѭӡng chӑn ߙ ൌ ͳͲ [22]): ݕ ൌ ߙ ݔ ԡݔԡ ଶ (3.6)

.tFKWKѭӟFFӫD(PEHGGHG9HFWRUEҵQJNtFKWKѭӟFFӫDOӟS)ODWWHQ

7ѭѫQJWӵQKѭWUrQWDÿѭӧFNӃWTXҧ

Hình 3-27 Ĉ͡W˱˯QJTXDQFͯDW̵SNL͋PWK͵

Trong hình 3-QKӳQJFKҩP[DQKOjFiFWUѭӡQJKӧSP{KuQKQKұQGLӋQÿ~QJ ÿӕLYӟLFiFQJѭӡLGQJÿmJKLGDQKÿӝWѭѫQJTXDQFKӫ\ӃXWұSWUXQJWUrQ1KӳQJFKҩPÿӓOjFiFWUѭӡQJKӧSP{KuQKQKұQGLӋQVDLQJѭӡLGQJÿmJKLGDQKYjFKѭDJKLGDQKĈӝWѭѫQJTXDQWURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSQJѭӡLGQJÿmJKLGDQKVӁQҵPNKRҧQJ ÿӃQÿӕLYӟLQJѭӡLGQJFKѭDJKLGDQKSKҫQOӟQWұSWUXQJӣ9ӟLFiFK ÿiQKJLiEҵQJFRVLQHVLPLODULW\Qj\FyWKӇSKkQWiFKU}WKjQKSKҫQQJѭӡLGQJ

52 ӢSKҫQWUrQGӳOLӋXNLӇPWKӱWѭѫQJÿӕLtWÿӇWăQJVӵFKtQK[iFNKLiSGөQJYjR WKӵFWӃFNJQJQKѭÿiQKJLiÿ~QJKѫQYӅVӵSKkQEӕFӫDQKyPQJѭӡLGQJWDVӁWLӃQ KjQKWăQJFѭӡQJGӳOLӋXEҵQJFiFKWKrPQKLӉXYjR&iFQJXӗQQKLӉXWKѭӡQJOjQKLӉX

*DXVVkPWKDQKP{LWUѭӡQJWLӃQJ[HFKҥ\PѭDUѫLôQKӳQJkPWKDQKWKѭӡQJ[XҩW KLӋQWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJLQGRRU

Hình 3-28 ͇WTX̫KX̭QOX\ QYjNL͋PWK͵YͣL'HQVH1HWVDXNKLWăQJF˱ͥQJGͷOL X ĈӝFKtQK[iFUҩWWӕWYj7HVWORVVFӫDJLҧPUҩWQKLӅXVRYӟLNӃWTXҧKuQK-24 7LӃSWKHRWDVӁWKӵFKLӋQNLӇPWKӱYӟLEӝGӳOLӋXFODVVVDXNKLWăQJFѭӡQJGӳ OLӋX

Hình 3-29 Ĉ͡W˱˯QJTXDQFͯDW̵SNL͋PWK͵VDXNKLWăQJF˱ͥQJGͷOL X

1KuQKuQKWUrQWDWKҩ\QKӳQJÿLӇPPjXÿӓYjPjX[DQKFѫEҧQ OjWiFKUӡLU}UjQJQKѭQJFy PӝW EӝSKkQQKӓÿDQJ [HQ YjR QKDX QKѭQJYұ\UҩWNKyÿӇ FKӑQ ÿѭӧF

53 QJѭӥQJÿiQKJLiÿӇSKkQORҥLORҥLQJѭӡLGQJQj\7LӃSWKHRWDVӁWKӱWKrPYjR OӟS'HQVHQKҵPFҧLWKLӋQNӃWTXҧ

Hình 3-30 0{KuQK'HQVH1HWVDXNKLV͵Dÿ͝L

Hình 3-31 ͇WTX̫KX̭QOX\ QYjNL͋PWK͵YͣLP{KuQKÿmV͵Dÿ͝L

Hình 3-32 *LiWU͓W˱˯QJTXDQFͯDOR̩LQJ˱ͥLGQJVDXNKLWKrPYjRFiFOͣS

6RViQKYӟLKuQK-U}UjQJWDWKҩ\ÿѭӧFUҵQJVӵSKkQOӟSJLӳDQJѭӡLGQJÿm ÿăQJNêYjFKѭDÿăQJNêOjU}UjQJKѫQWKrPYjRÿyOjSKҫQPjXÿӓÿѭӧFÿҭ\Oi VDQJWUiLFyQJKƭDOjÿӝWѭѫQJTXDQFӫDQJѭӡLGQJFKѭDÿăQJNêVӁJLҧP[XӕQJYj WDFyWKӇiSGөQJFiFWKXұWWRiQÿӇFKӑQÿѭӧFQJѭӥQJSKkQELӋWJLӳDOӟSQj\0ӝW FiFKÿѫQJLҧQGӵDYjRÿӗWKӏWDFyWKӇFKӑQQJѭӥQJEҵQJ

7URQJSKҫQQj\WDÿmNKҧR ViWYjVӱGөQJP{KuQKKӑFVkX&11YjFKӍQKVӱDÿӇ iSGөQJYjREjLWRiQQKұQGҥQJQJѭӡLQyLGQJWӯNKyDPӝWFiFKWKtFKKӧSKѫQQKuQFKXQJFiFPҥQJFKRNӃWTXҧWѭѫQJWӵQKDXWURQJÿyWӯNKyD ÿҥWNӃWTXҧWӕWQKҩWYӟLWҩWFҧFiFPҥQJÿҥWÿӝFKtQK[iFFDRQKҩWNKLP{SKӓQJJҫQQKѭ ĈӕLYӟLWӯNKyD FiFPҥQJKӑFVkXFyÿӝFKtQK[iFFDRWUrQYjFNJQJNK{QJFKrQKOӋFKTXiQKLӅX7URQJÿyPҥQJ'HQVH1HWÿҥWNӃWTXҧWӕWQKҩWÿӕLYӟLWҩWFҧWӯNKyDYjFҧEӝGӳOLӋXNK{QJSKөWKXӝFWӯNKyDWKDPNKҧRSKҫQ3Kө/өF ĈLӅXQj\FyWKӇÿѭӧFJLҧLWKtFKOjGRNKLVӱGөQJP{KuQK'HQVH1HWWDFyWKӇNKҳFSKөFQKLӅXYҩQÿӅWURQJQHXUDOQHWZRUNQKѭRYHUILWWLQJJUDGLHQWYDQLVKLQJWKrPYjR

55 ÿyGӳOLӋXÿҫXYjROjÿһFWUѭQJ0)&&ÿѭӧFWUtFK[XҩWOҥLWKrP OҫQQӳDOêGROjKӋ WKӕQJEDQÿҫXÿѭӧFWKLӃWNӃOҩ\PүXNKXQJWKӡLJLDQJLk\QKѭQJFiFWӯNKyDNK{QJ EDRJLӡ[XҩWKLӋQEDRSKӫWӯÿҫXÿӃQFXӕLNKXQJFKӍ[XҩWKLӋQNKRҧQJÿӃQJLk\ SKҫQFzQOҥLYӟLPӭFQăQJOѭӧQJFӫDWҫQVӕEҵQJWUѭӡQJKӧSOêWѭӣQJKRһFEҵQJ JLiWUӏQKLӉXFyWKӇ[HPQKѭOjEDFNJURXQGFӫDEӭFҧQK7X\QKLrQNKX\ӃWÿLӇPFӫD PҥQJ'HQVH1HWOjWKӡLJLDQ[ӱOêWѭѫQJÿӕLGjLKѫQVRYӟLFiFFҩXWU~FPҥQJ&11 NKiF7URQJWKӵFWӃW\YjRFiFWUѭӡQJKӧSFөWKӇYtGө\rXFҫXYӅJLӟLKҥQÿӝWUӉ WURQJ[ӱOêKRһFPӭFÿӝFKtQK[iFFKRSKpSWDFyWKӇOLQKKRҥWOӵDFKӑQPҥQJSK KӧS&NJQJQyLWKrPUҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSNKҧRViWÿѭDUDNK{QJKҥQFKӃYӅNLӇXFҩX WU~F&11YjFyWKӇÿѭӧFSKiWWULӇQPӣUӝQJFKRFiFFҩXWU~FNKiF b 6ӱGөQJNLӃQWU~FPҥQJQHXUDOVkXEDRJӗPFiFOӟSNӃWQӕLKRjQWRjQ ĈӇÿѫQJLҧQWDVӁGӵDWUrQPҥQJ'HQVH1HWÿmFKӍQKVӱDӣWUrQEӓSKҫQWUtFK [XҩW ÿһF WUѭQJ EҵQJ WtFK FKұS FKӍ JLӳ OҥL OӟS NӃW QӕL KRjQ WRjQ Yj WKrP YjR OӟS

%DFN1RUP.tFKWKѭӟFFӫD(PEHGGHG9HFWRUO~FQj\OjGRÿѭӧFWUtFK[XҩWWӯ OD\HU'HQVH0{KuQKPҥQJÿѭӧFVӱGөQJQKѭVDX

Hình 3-33 0{KuQKP̩QJQHXUDOQHWZZRUNWKL͇WN͇FKREjLWRiQ

/D\HURXWSXWVӁFKRQJ}UDWѭѫQJӭQJYӟLFODVVÿmÿăQJNêWӯWUѭӟF FyFKӭFQăQJÿѭDUDNӃWTXҧGӵÿRiQPjP{KuQKFKROjJLӕQJQKҩWYӟL ngõ vào

/D\HUHPEHGGHGYHFWRUVӁFKRUDYHFWRUÿһFWUѭQJFӫDQJ}YjRYӟLNtFK WKѭӟFFӕÿӏQKOjFyFKӭFQăQJVӱGөQJÿӇÿiQKJLiÿӝWѭѫQJ quan JLӳDLQSXWYjFODVVÿѭӧFOD\HURXWSXWGӵÿRiQ6ӱGөQJOD\HUQj\QKҵP JL~SFKRP{KuQKFyWKӇ[ӱOêÿѭӧFYӟLFiFFODVVFKѭDÿѭӧFÿăQJNê ӃWTXҧFKҥ\P{SKӓQJQKѭVDX

Hình 3-34 ͇WTX̫KX̭QOX\ QYjNL͋PWK͵FͯDQHXUDOQHWZRUN

Hình 3-35 JLiWU͓W˱˯QJTXDQFͯDOR̩LQJ˱ͥLGQJYͣLQHXUDOQHWZRUN

7ӯNӃWTXҧP{SKӓQJWUrQWDFyWKӇWKҩ\UҵQJPҥQJQHXUDOQHWZRUNÿѫQWKXҫQ FNJQJFyWKӇJLҧLTX\ӃWÿѭӧFEjLWRiQQKұQGҥQJQJѭӡLQyLVӱGөQJWӯNKyDPjNK{QJ FҫQFiFOӟSWtFKFKұSOӟSJӝSÿӇWUtFK[XҩWOҥLÿһFWUѭѫQJGHHSIHDWXUHQKѭWURQJ

&11KRһF7'119jWKrPQӳDPҥQJQHXUDOWKLӃWNӃUDFNJQJÿҧP EҧRÿѭӧFYLӋF

57 SKkQWiFKWѭѫQJÿӕLU}UjQJORҥLQJѭӡLGQJÿmÿăQJNêYjFKѭDÿăQJNê7ӕFÿӝ KXҩQOX\ӋQFNJQJQKѭNLӇPWKӱÿѭӧFU~WQJҳQYuÿmJLҧPEӟWUҩWQKLӅXVӕOD\HUWURQJ P{KuQK'HQVH1HWWUX\ӅQWKӕQJ1KѭYұ\YӟLPӝWÿӝFKtQK[iFNK{QJWKҩSKѫQTXi QKLӅXÿәLOҥLWDFyѭXÿLӇPYӅWKӡLJLDQÿiSӭQJFӫDKӋWKӕQJ1JѭӥQJJLiWUӏÿѭӧF FKӑQFKRPҥQJQHXUDOVkXOj

Máy tính nhúng Raspberry PI 3

5DVSEHUU\3,OjPi\WtQKQK~QJVӱGөQJ6R&%URDGFRP%&0ÿѭӧFSKiW WULӇQYjJLӟLWKLӋXWҥL$QKEӣL5DVSEHUU\3L)RXQGDWLRQYӟLPөFÿtFKKӛJLiRGөFKӛ WUӧYLӋFJLҧQJGҥ\YӅNKRDKӑFPi\WtQKFѫEҧQWURQJFiFWUѭӡQJKӑFYjFiFQѭӟF ÿDQJSKiWWULӇQ

5DVSEHUU\FyPӝWYL[ӱOê$50-=)-S 700 MHz, VideoCore IV GPU, và ÿѭӧF[XҩW[ѭӣQJYӟL0%5$0VDXÿyÿѭӧFQkQJFҩSӣPRGHO%WKjQK0% 5$0%ӝQKӟFDFKHFKҩSN%YjFDFKHFҩSN%FDFKHFҩSÿѭӧFVӱGөQJ FKӫ\ӃXEӣL*386R&ÿѭӧF[ӃSFKӗQJOrQQKDXGѭӟLFKLS5$0QrQNKLQKuQWӯWUrQ [XӕQJWDFKӍWKҩ\ÿѭӧFFҥQKFӫDQy%RDUGQj\VӱGөQJ6RFNHW6HFXUH'LJLWDO6' KRһF0LFUR6'GQJOjPWKLӃWEӏNKӣLÿӝQJYjEӝOѭXWUӳOLrQWөF

7K{QJWLQFKLWLӃFWӯKmQJVҧQ[XҩWYӅFҩXKuQKFӫDERDUGQKѭVDX

Quad Core 1.2GHz Broadcom BCM2837 64bit CPU

BCM43438 wireless LAN and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) on board

4 Pole stereo output and composite video port

CSI camera port for connecting a Raspberry Pi camera

DSI display port for connecting a Raspberry Pi touchscreen display

Micro SD port for loading your operating system and storing data

Upgraded switched Micro USB power source up to 2.5A

4.2.2 ThiӃt bӏ thu âm và card âm thanh

9u5DVSEHUU\3LFKӍWtFKKӧSFәQJDXGLRPPFKRQJ}UDQrQWDFҫQVӱGөQJ WKLӃWEӏPLFURFKRYLӋFWKXkPWKDQK7KLӃWEӏPLFURÿѭӧFVӱGөQJWURQJOXұQ YăQEDR JӗP86%6RXQG&DUGYj7DL1JKH*0WtFKKӧS0LFUR'DOXJL0LFURFyÿӝ QKҥ\G%WUӣNKiQJÿiSӭQJWҫQVӕ-20kHz

Hình 4-3 7KL͇WE͓FDUGkPWKDQKN͇WQ͙LYͣL5DVSEHUU\3L

4.3 Qui trình nhúng mô hình vào phҫn cӭng phҫn cӭng

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5.2.1 KӃt quҧ khҧo sát các mô hình hӑc sâu và tұp dӳ liӋu tiӃng ViӋt

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