MODERN ARTHROSCOPY doc

MODERN ARTHROSCOPY Edited by Jason L. Dragoo Modern Arthroscopy Edited by Jason L. Dragoo Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ivona Lovrić Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team Image Copyright Blank Michael, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published December, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Modern Arthroscopy, Edited by Jason L. Dragoo p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-771-0 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Part 1 Arthroscopy of the Temporomandibular Joint 1 Chapter 1 Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy 3 Edvitar Leibur, Oksana Jagur and Ülle Voog-Oras Part 2 Arthroscopy of the Upper Extremity 27 Chapter 2 Arthroscopic Treatment of Recurrent Anterior Glenohumeral Instability 29 Michael Hantes and Alexandros Tsarouhas Chapter 3 Anesthesia for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery 49 Diego Benítez and Luis M. Torres Chapter 4 Arthroscopic Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures 65 Yukio Abe and Yasuhiro Tominaga Part 3 Arthroscopy of the Hip 77 Chapter 5 Arthroscopy after Total Hip Replacement Surgery 79 Cuéllar Ricardo, Ponte Juan, Esnal Edorta and Tey Marc Part 4 Arthroscopy of the Knee 101 Chapter 6 Management of Knee Articular Cartilage Injuries 103 Joshua D. Harris and David C. Flanigan Chapter 7 Articular Cartilage Regeneration with Stem Cells 129 Khay-Yong Saw, Adam Anz, Kathryne Stabile, Caroline SY Jee, Shahrin Merican, Yong-Guan Tay and Kunaseegaran Ragavanaidu Chapter 8 Traumatic Chondral Lesions of the Knee Diagnosis and Treatment 179 Masoud Riyami VI Contents Chapter 9 Contemporary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction 197 P. Christel and W. Boueri Chapter 10 The Role of Arthroscopy in Mini-Invasive Treatment of Tibial Plateau Fractures 225 Şt. Cristea, A. Prundeanu, Fl. Groseanu and D. Gârtonea Chapter 11 Arthroscopy Following Total Knee Replacement 237 Vaibhav Bagaria, Jami Ilyas, Bhawan Paunipagar, Darshna Rasalkar and Rohit Lal Chapter 12 Arthroscopic Soft Tissue Releases of the Knee 257 Michael R. Chen and Jason L. Dragoo Chapter 13 Extraarticular Arthroscopy of the Knee 273 Shinichi Maeno, Daijo Hashimoto, Toshiro Otani, Ko Masumoto, Itsuki Yuzawa, Kengo Harato and Seiji Saito Part 5 Arthroscopy of the Foot and Ankle 285 Chapter 14 Posterior Ankle and Hindfoot Arthroscopy 287 Masato Takao Preface Staying current in the rapidly changing field of arthroscopic surgery presents a challenge for practitioners and students. Books and review articles are often outdated on the day of release. Recently, rapidly published on-line books have filled an educational void, assisting millions of practitioners to stay updated on the latest techniques. The chapters in this book entitled Modern Arthroscopy were written by a panel of international experts in the various disciplines of arthroscopy. The goals of this text are to present the classical techniques and teachings in the fields of Orthopaedics and Dentistry, but also to include new, cutting-edge applications of arthroscopy, such as temporomandibular arthroscopy and extra-articular arthroscopy of the knee, just to name a few. The InTech online publishing format allows rapid publishing of these new techniques to keep the content accurate and up to date. The chapters are organized anatomically, with the first chapters introducing basic arthroscopic techniques, while later chapters describe newer, more advanced techniques. The surgical technique sections of the chapters are clearly labeled for easy reference. It is my hope that this book will either assist readers in learning the current techniques of arthroscopic surgery, or serve as a springboard to stimulate the creation of new techniques, which have yet to be described. On behalf of the authors and InTech Publishing we thank you for your interest in this book, and hope Modern Arthroscopy becomes a core reference for your arthroscopic surgery practice. Jason L. Dragoo, MD Assistant Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Stanford University, USA [...]... destruction of the glenoid fossa surface 12 Modern Arthroscopy Fig 8 Sagittal view of the MRI in a patient with internal derangement of the left TMJ Anterior disc displacement (arrow), destruction of the disc Changes of bone structures, effusion in the anterior recess 6 Temporomandibular joint arthroscopy 6.1 Indications for arthroscopy Indications for arthroscopy are radiological bone changes in... performed under visual control In 1918 Takagi first described arthroscopy of the knee joint examinations using cystoscope (Tag, 1939) Onishi in 1970 was the first to report arthroscopy of the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the first results were published by him (Onishi, 1975, 1980) The progress in research and applications of TMJ arthroscopy in joint disease have led to the acceptance of small... the capsule, disc attachments but they are not present in the disc (Fig 2) Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy Fig 1 A sagittal section through the left temporomandibular joint Fig 2 Branches of trigeminal nerve Innervation and blood supply of temporomandibular joint (by R.Schmelzle, 1989) 5 6 Modern Arthroscopy 3 Classification of temporomandibular joint disorders: - Arthritis- acute, chronic, infectious... bone structure of the both glenoid fossa is normal 10 Modern Arthroscopy Fig 5 Axial view of the CT Sign of sclerosis in the medial and central parts of the right condyle of the mandible ( arrow) Reduced space is seen Fig 6 Sagittal view of the CT from the left temporomandibular joint Sign of flattening of the condyle Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy 11 MRI has a diagnostic value for internal...Part 1 Arthroscopy of the Temporomandibular Joint 1 Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy Edvitar Leibur1,2, Oksana Jagur¹ and Ülle Voog-Oras¹ 1Department of Stomatology, of Internal Medicine, Tartu University, University Hospital Estonia 2Department 1 Introduction Arthroscopy is a technique for direct visual inspection of internal joint... TMJ disorders Involvement of the TMJ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or other connective tissue diseases is rather common and arthroscopy with simultaneous biopsy is indicated in these situations Posttraumatic complaints may also be an indication for arthroscopy Arthroscopy is contraindicated in case of acute arthritis In these situations as large medial osteophyts on the condyle, large central... Arthocentesis is considered as an intervening treatment modality between nonsurgical treatment and arthroscopic surgery All cases for arthroscopy are usually classified as advanced Wilkes (1989) stages IV and V, in rare cases stage III (Table 1) 6.2 Technique for arthroscopy Arthroscopy is performed under nasotracheal general anaesthesia which makes possible to manipulate the mandible during the operation... when there is a backflow into the syringe of the solution injected into the joint space (Fig.10) Fig 10 Distension of the superior compartment of the right temporomandibular joint with 2% lidocaine solution 14 Modern Arthroscopy Through the small skin incision 0,75 – 1,0 cm from the center of the tragus at the injection site the lateral capsule is punctured with a sharp trocar in an arthroscopic sheath... diagnostic 15 Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy arthroscopy has been completed, either forceps, palpation hook or blunt probe are used to cut fibres, mainly fibers of the pterygoid muscle anterior to the disc, in order to reduce pull in the anterior direction and facilitate repositioning of the disc Cutting of adhesions facilitate repositioning of the disc During arthroscopy a sweeping procedure between... representation of MIO values (median) before treatment and after 6 months and 5 years after treatment in patients (n = 29) TMJ arthroscopy is especially useful when the disc has not yet been deformed Superior joint compartment adhesions and disc immobility can be treated during arthroscopic 20 Modern Arthroscopy procedure, leading to resolution of symptoms and return of joint function (Leibur et al 2010) The adhesions . MODERN ARTHROSCOPY Edited by Jason L. Dragoo Modern Arthroscopy Edited by Jason L. Dragoo Published by InTech. Preface IX Part 1 Arthroscopy of the Temporomandibular Joint 1 Chapter 1 Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy 3 Edvitar Leibur, Oksana Jagur and Ülle Voog-Oras Part 2 Arthroscopy of the Upper. Yasuhiro Tominaga Part 3 Arthroscopy of the Hip 77 Chapter 5 Arthroscopy after Total Hip Replacement Surgery 79 Cuéllar Ricardo, Ponte Juan, Esnal Edorta and Tey Marc Part 4 Arthroscopy of the Knee