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GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY Edited by Oliviu Pascu Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Edited by Oliviu Pascu Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Masa Vidovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Sebastian Kaulitzki, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published October, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Edited by Oliviu Pascu p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-385-9 Contents Preface IX Part 1 General Aspects 1 Chapter 1 Challenges of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Resource-Poor Countries 3 Nwokediuko Sylvester Chuks Chapter 2 Evidence Based Guidelines for Preparation Before Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (UGIE) 15 Arjuna P. De Silva Chapter 3 Sedation Related to Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 23 Mitrut Paul, Mitrut Anca Oana, Streba Liliana, Calina Daniela and Salplahta Daniel Chapter 4 Sedation for Pediatric Endoscopies 45 Vidyut Bhatia and Narendra Kumar Arora Chapter 5 Intravenous Sedation for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Developing Country 53 Somchai Amornyotin Part 2 The Esophagus 61 Chapter 6 Endoscopic Aspects of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: From Diagnosis to Therapy 63 Alfredo J. Lucendo and Susana Jiménez-Contreras Chapter 7 Expression of Reactive Oxygen Species in Reflux Disease 79 Emma Andreasson and Anna Casselbrant Chapter 8 Combination Therapy After EMR/ESD for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Submucosal Invasion 91 Ota M., Nakamura T. and Yamamoto M. VI Contents Part 3 The Stomach and Duodenum 97 Chapter 9 Clarithromycin Resistance and 23S rRNA Mutations in Helicobacter pylori 99 Mohammad Kargar, Maryam Baghernejad, Abbas Doosti and Sadegh Ghorbani-Dalini Chapter 10 Heterotopic Gastric Mucosal Patch of the Proximal Esophagus 125 Vui Heng Chong Chapter 11 Endoscopic Detection and Eradication of Dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus 149 L. Max Almond and Hugh Barr Chapter 12 Atrophic Body Gastritis: A Challenge for the Presumptive Endoscopic and Histologic Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis 169 Alfredo J. A. Barbosa and Camila G. Miranda Chapter 13 Evaluation of Duodenal Hypersensitivity to Acid Using Transnasal Endoscopy 183 Manabu Ishii, Hiroaki Kusunoki, Noriaki Manabe, Tomoari Kamada, Ken-ichi Tarumi, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Motonori Sato, Yoshiyuki Yamanaka, Takahisa Murao, Hideaki Tsutsui, Akiko Shiotani, Jiro Hata and Ken Haruma Part 4 The Colon 193 Chapter 14 The Role of Colonoscopy in the Prevention of Colon and Rectal Cancer 195 David Martínez Ares and Pamela Estévez Boullosa Chapter 15 Recent Advances in Diagnostic Endoscopy for Colorectal Neoplasm 211 Yoji Takeuchi, Noboru Hanaoka and Masao Hanafusa Chapter 16 Efficacy of the Pediatric Colonoscope Used as a Push Enteroscope 227 Francisco Pérez-Roldán, Pedro González-Carro and María Concepción Villafáñez-García Chapter 17 Endoscopy in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) 237 Marco Gasparetto and Graziella Guariso Contents VII Part 5 Gastrointestinal Bleeding 253 Chapter 18 Rare and Emergency Gastric Bleeding Cause – Dieulafoy's Lesion 255 Baki Ekçi, Can Aktas, Sezgin Sarikaya, Asli Cetin Celik and Didem Ay Chapter 19 Pharmacological Therapy for Recurrent Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding 261 Javier Molina-Infante, Gema Vinagre-Rodriguez and Miguel Fernandez-Bermejo Preface Endoscopy has had a major impact in developing modern gastroenterology. By using different data it provided a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, described new entities and changed diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Some examples such as the relationship esophagitis-Barrett, esophagus-esophageal adenocarcinoma, the description of early gastric cancer, the relationship helicobacteria-pylori-duodenal ulcer-gastric cancer and the affiliation colon adenoma-colon cancer remind us of the influence of endoscopy in gastroenterology. Moreover, endoscopy has surpassed its function as an examination tool and it became a rapid and efficient therapeutic tool of low invasiveness. We cannot imagine gastroenterology today without endoscopic hemostasis in variceal or non-variceal upper bleeding, gastric or colonic polypectomy, biliary sphincterotomy and endoscopic biliary stone removal, biliary or pancreatic endoscopic stenting or endoscopic drainage of abdominal fluid collection. Meanwhile, taking benefit of many technical advances, endoscopy has had a spectacular development. New video-endoscopes, endoscopes with working channel, magnification endoscopes, confocal of narrow band imaging endoscopes emerged. Sophisticated devices for endoscopic ultrasound with the possibility of fine-needle aspiration or elastography, endoscopic capsules for exploring the small intestine as well as enteroscopes with single or double balloon and spiral enteroscopy are several examples of the evolution of the endoscopy field. At the same time many diagnostic techniques (vital staining, fluorescence) or treatment techniques (e.g. banding, metallic clips, laser use, plasma-argon coagulation, stenting, mucosectomies) recognized real improvement. . The contributions in this book are diverse and very valuable. InTech Open Access Publisher selected several known names from all continents and countries with different levels of development. Multiple specific points of view, with respect to different origins of the authors were presented together with various topics regarding diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopy. As a result, the reader can take into consideration not only theoretical or practical knowledge in the field, but also the experience, point of view and local situation in a specific center of gastroenterology or in a specific country. This actually represents a valuable tool for formation and continuous medical education in endoscopy considering the performances or technical possibilities in different parts of the world. X Preface My activity as editor was aided by the contribution of two exceptional endoscopists who accepted the statute of co-editors: associate professor Marcel Tantau MD, PhD and lecturer Andrada Seicean MD, PhD. I thank them sincerely for accepting to contribute to this publication, for the quality of their activity and their promptitude in editing chapters. Many thanks to InTech Open Access Publisher which offered me the possibility of editing this very attractive book. It was a real pleasure to read such interesting works by so many experts from all over the world. My sincere thanks to all my co-workers for the quality of the chapter editing. Not in the last turn, I thank Ms. Masa Vidovic and Ms. Mia Devic for their perfect, prompt and efficient co-operation. Prof. Oliviu Pascu MD PhD Dr h.c. FRCP/Edin 3rd Medical Department University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'luliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca Romania . GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY Edited by Oliviu Pascu Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Edited by Oliviu Pascu Published. obvious implication for cross-infection. The newer techniques in endoscopy like capsule endoscopy Challenges of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Resource-Poor Countries 7 and endoscopic ultrasonography. of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Resource-Poor Countries 3 Nwokediuko Sylvester Chuks Chapter 2 Evidence Based Guidelines for Preparation Before Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (UGIE) 15