technical writing and presentation the spatial time correlation properties of 5g channel modeling

The properties of the correlation functions of the 5G channel modeling in the case of NLOS CCF .... The simulation of correlation properties of 5G channel modeling in MS and BS side ....

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HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

TECHNICAL WRITING AND PRESENTATION

THE SPATIAL-TIME CORRELATION PROPERTIES OF 5G

CHANNEL MODELING

Ha Noi, 12-2023

Student: La Quang Duong

ID Student: 20210250

Class: Dien tu 06 – K66

Instructor: Ph.D Nguyen Thu Nga

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CONTENT

CONTENT 1

LIST OF ACRONYMS 2

LIST OF FIGURES 3

LIST OF TABLE 4

1 Summary of the 5G channel modeling in specification 4

2 The properties of the correlation functions of the 5G channel modeling in the case of NLOS CCF 6

3 The simulation of correlation properties of 5G channel modeling in MS and BS side 8

REFERENCES 12

2

LIST OF ACRONYMS

5G The fifth generation technology standar

MIMO Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output

BS Base station

MS Mobile station

UMi Urban microcells

RMa Rural Macro

O2O Outdoor to outdoor

O2I Outdoor to indoor

TRP Transmission Reception Point

NLOS Non-line-of-sight

AOA Azimuth Angle of Arrival

AOD Azimuth Angle of Departure

ZOA Zenith Angle of Arrival

ZOD Zenith Angle of Departure

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LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLE

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1 Summary of the 5G channel modeling in specification

Figure 1.1 Definition of Cartesian coordinate system [1]

Figure 1.1 illustrates a Cartesian coordinate system in three dimension space containing three perpendicular axes x, y, and z, as well as the spherical angles and spherical unit vectors Each point in three dimension space can be identified by a set of three Cartesian coordinates, (x,y,z) The point where three axes intersect is called the origin, denoted by (0,0,0) This coordinate includes zenith angle and azimuth angle, with a given direction 𝑛 𝜙, , 𝜃 are the spherical vectors [1] It’s the coordinate system used in 5G channel modeling which is a spherical coordinate system

The correlation properties in BS side and MS side are investigated in this report with MIMO simulation in three scenarios: UMi, Indoor and RMa Table 1.1

- Table 1.3 define and characterize the simulators for 5G channel model calibration

as [1]:

- UMi (Open area, street canyon): This scenario typically involves small cells

in dense urban environments The cells are closely spaced to handle high user density and provide increased capacity The term “street canyon” refers to a type of urban micro-cellular (UMi) environment where the streets are flanked by tall buildings, creating a canyon-like structure The UMi open area's purpose is to capture real- life conditions in the 50-100 meter range Table 1.1 has listed evaluation parameters for UMi-street canyon scenarios In this scenario, the cells are arranged in a hexagonal grid with 19 microsites, each having 3 sectors The inter-site distance is 200m The height of the BS antenna is 10m The UT can be located in both LOS and NLOS conditions 80% of the UT are located indoors and 20% of them located outdoors UT has a horizontal mobility of 3km/h

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Table 1.1 Parameters for UMi-street canyon [1]

- Indoor: This scenario is meant to represent a variety of common indoor deployment scenarios, such as office settings and shopping centers.As described by Table 1.2 the BSs are fixed on the ceilings or walls at a height of 3 meters Shopping malls are typically one to five stories tall, with multiple levels The room size is 120m

x 50m x 3m, the ISD is 20m The UT can be located in both LOS and NLOS conditions The height of UT is 1m and UT has a horizontal mobility of 3km/h

Parameters InH Open office Mixed office

Layout Room size 120 × 50 × 3𝑚 𝑚 𝑚

BS antenna height h𝐵𝑆 3 m (ceiling)

UT location LOS/NLOS LOS and NLOS

Height ℎ𝑈𝑇 1 m

UT mobility (horizon) 3 km/h

Table 1.2 Parameters for indoor-office scenarios [1]

- RMa: Using macro transmission reception stations, the rural deployment scenario focuses on a bigger and continuous coverage that supports high-speed vehicles with noise-limited and/or interference-limited coverage According to [1], the detail of this scenario is given by Table 1.3 The carrier frequency for this scenario

is up to 7GHz The cells are arranged in a hexagonal grid with 19 macro sites, each having 3 sectors The ISD is either 1732m or 5000m The height of the BSs antenna

Parameters UMi street canyon –

Cell layout Hexagon grid, 19 micros sites, 3 sectors

per site ISD = 200m

UT

location

Outdoor/indoor Outdoor and indoor

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is 35m The UTs can be located in both LOS and NLOS conditions 50% of the UT are located indoors and 50% of them are located outdoors The minimum 2D distance between the base station and the user terminal is 35m

BS antenna height h𝐵𝑆 35m

Layout Hexagonal grid, 19 Macro sites, 3 sectors p

site, ISD = 1732m or 5000m

Indoor/Outdoor 50% indoor and 50% in car

Table 1.3 Parameters for RMa [1]

2 The properties of the correlation functions of the 5G channel modeling in the case of NLOS CCF

To investigate the features of the 5G channel's correlation functions, we use a MIMO system At BS, there are two transmit antennas and two receive antennas, and

at MS, there are two receive antennas in this system The impulse response function h(,) of BS antenna elements s and MS antenna elements u is defined in the requirements of NLOS 5G simulators where 𝑖 is the sub-cluster and 𝜏𝑛 is the delays

of n clusters

ℎ𝑢,𝑠𝑁𝐿𝑂𝑆(𝜏, 𝑡) = ∑ ∑ ∑ ℎ𝑢,𝑠,𝑛,𝑚𝑁𝐿𝑂𝑆 (𝜏 − 𝜏𝑛,𝑖) + ∑ ℎ𝑢,𝑠,𝑛𝑁𝐿𝑂𝑆(𝑡)𝛿(𝜏 − 𝜏𝑛)

𝑁

𝑛=3

𝑚 𝜖 𝑅𝑖 3

𝑖=1

2

(2.1)

The transfer function H(,) in frequency domain is the Fourier transform of h(,) the channel impulse response and is computed with 𝜏𝑛 is being the 𝑛 cluster delay

𝐻𝑢,𝑠(𝑓, 𝑡) = ∑𝑁 ℎ (𝜏, 𝑡) × 𝑒𝑢,𝑠 −𝑗2𝜋𝜏𝑛𝑓

The average time of the two transfer functions can be used to perform the correlation function In NLOS circumstances, the channel correlation is represented by the cross- correlation function The spatial - temporal correlation function of 2 2 antenna × system is computed by the time average operator as:

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𝑝(∆𝑑 , ∆𝑑 , ∆𝑡, ∆𝑓 = 0𝑠 𝑢 ) =

〈𝐻𝑢1,𝑠1(𝑓, 𝑡) × 𝐻𝑢2∗,𝑠2 (𝑓, 𝑡 + ∆𝑡〉 =

∑ √𝑃𝑛

𝑀∑ ( 𝑀

𝑚=1

𝑒

𝑗2𝜋(𝑟 𝑇𝑟𝑥,𝑛,𝑚 × ∆𝑑𝑟𝑥,𝑢)

𝜆0

× 𝑒

𝑗2𝜋(𝑟 𝑟𝑥,𝑛,𝑚𝑇 × ∆𝑑 𝑡𝑥,𝑠 )

𝜆0

× 𝑒

𝑗2𝜋(𝑟𝑟𝑥,𝑛,𝑚𝑇 × 𝑣 )

𝑁

𝑛=1

)

(2.3)

The time average operation as in equation (2.4) is used to calculate the spatial-temporal-frequency correlation functions of the transmitter and receiver MIMO 2 x

direction 𝜙, 𝜃 ; 𝐹𝑡𝑥,𝑠,𝜙, 𝐹𝑡𝑥,𝑠,𝜃 are the radiation field of transmit antenna element s with direction 𝜙 , 𝜃 ; 𝑟𝑇 𝑟𝑥,𝑛,𝑚 is the spherical unit vector with the angles 𝜙𝑛,𝑚,𝐴𝑂𝐴 and 𝜙𝑛,𝑚,𝑍𝑂𝐴;𝑟𝑇𝑡𝑥,𝑛,𝑚 is spherical unit vector with the angles is is the spherical unit vector corresponding to the angles 𝜙𝑛,𝑚,𝐴𝑂𝐷and 𝜙𝑛,𝑚,𝑍𝑂𝐷; 𝑑 𝑟𝑥,𝑢, 𝑑 𝑡𝑥,𝑠 is the location vector

of antenna element u, s position vector

The spatial-temporal frequency correlation function of the BS and MS in the MIMO 2x2 system is calculated by the time average operator as follows:

𝜌(∆𝑡) = ∑ √𝑃𝑛

𝑀 𝑁

𝑛=1

∑ exp (𝑗2𝜋(𝑟 𝑟𝑥,𝑛,𝑚𝑇 × )

𝑀

(2.4)

With 𝛥𝑑𝑠=0, 𝛥𝑑𝑢=0 and 𝛥𝑡=0, the auto correlation (Frequency Correlation Function - FCF) is calculated as follow

𝜌(∆𝑓) = ∑√𝑃𝑛

𝑀 ∑ exp (−𝑗2𝜋𝜏𝑛∆𝑓) 𝑀

𝑚=1

𝑁

(2.5)

With 𝛥𝑡=𝛥𝑓 0 = and 𝛥𝑑𝑢=0, the cross spatial correlation function of the channel at the transmitter is as follow

𝜌(∆𝑑𝑠) = ∑ √𝑃𝑛

𝑀∑ exp (𝑗2𝜋(𝑟 𝑟𝑥,𝑛,𝑚𝑇 × ∆𝑑 𝑡,𝑥,𝑠)

𝑀

𝑚=1

𝑁

(2.6)

Similarity, at the receiver, the cross spatial correlation function when 𝛥𝑡= 𝑓=0 and 𝛥

𝛥𝑑𝑠=0 is as follows:

𝜌(∆𝑑𝑠) = ∑ √𝑃𝑛

𝑀∑ exp (𝑗2𝜋(𝑟 𝑟𝑥,𝑛,𝑚𝑇 × ∆𝑑 𝑡,𝑥,𝑢)

𝜆0 𝑀

𝑚=1 𝑁

𝑛=1

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3 The simulation of correlation properties of 5G channel modeling in MS and BS side

The performance of correlation characteristics simulators in various configurations of transmitting and receiving antennas is shown below

Figure 3.1 describes the acquired findings on the BS side, whereas Figure 3.2 describes the results on the MS side

Figure 3.1 The correlation properties in BS side [2]

Overall, the correlation properties are changeable in all three screnarios in BS side.The max value of amplitude correlation function in Indoor scenario is decline from about 17 to about 4 when ∆𝑑𝑠 is increasing The amplitude of Indoor scenario also is the most unstable in compare to UMi and RMa The amplitude of UMi transmitter spatial correlation function have 4 point reach maximum value about 17, but the amplitude change dramaticaly when ∆𝑑𝑠 is change In compare, the amplitude of RMa transmitter spatial correlation function have maximum value about 14 The amplitude reach maxium value in 3 point compare to 4 in UMi scenario RMa transmister spatial correlation function amplitude is the most stable

in 3 scenarios

As depicted in Figure 3.1, UMi scenarios have three minimum correlation values

at ∆𝑑𝑠 = 0.007, 0.022 and 0,036 The RMa has two at ∆𝑑𝑠 = 0.011 and 0.032 Meanwhile, the Indoor scenarios have the lowest correlation values, with five at ∆𝑑𝑠

= 0.0056, 0.0165, 0.027, 0.038 and 0,04

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Figure 3.2 The correlation properties in MS side [2]

The correlation properties in MS side is significant different with correlation properties in BS side.The rule is that the peak of the amplitude declines gradually

in all three cases.In UMi scenario, the maxium value of amplitude is reach at above

18, while the maximum amplitude of the RMa and Indoor correlation function is same as in BS side is 14 and 17 respectively

When we look at the UMi situations, we see that there are three minimal correlation values The initial minimum correlation value is ∆𝑑𝑢 = 0.011, 0.029 and 0.04 Similar to the UMi scenarios, the RMa scenarios have three minimal correlation values of ∆𝑑𝑢 = 0.009, 0.028 and 0.048 Indoor's amplitude is initially the same as UMi's, but it thereafter declines, as it does on the BS side Indoor has more minimum correlation values than the others, with five at ∆𝑑𝑢 = 0.006, 0.018, 0.028, 0.039 and 0.049

The correlation values of three scenarios constantly fluctuate only in the region of

∆𝑑𝑢 = 0 − 0.05 in MS side and ∆𝑑 = 0 − 0.05 in BS side𝑠 Indoor settings are the most changeable As a result, we may deduce that the UMi and RMa are more stable than the Indoor

Upon comparing the correlation qualities of the MS and BS sides, it is evident that the correlation points on the MS side exhibit less variability, whereas those on the

BS side demonstrate significant fluctuations The amplitude on the BS side also exhibits a greater degree of variation compared to the MS side.The minimum correlation achieved at ∆𝑑𝑢 = 0.05 in MS side Meanwhile, the range of ∆𝑑𝑠 in BS side is only 0 0.05 And only in that narrow – ∆𝑑𝑠 range, does the graph alter dramatically, with the correlation points changing on a regular basis As a result, we may deduce that the spatial correlation on the MS side is more stable than on the BS side

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REFERENCES

[1] ETSI TR 138 901 V14.0.0 (2017-05), ”5G -Study on channel model for

frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz” (3GPP TR 38.901 version 14.0.0 Release 14) [2] Thu Nga Nguyen, Van Duc Nguyen, “A performance comparison of the SCM and the Onering channel modeling method for MIMO-OFDMA systems”, in Wireless Communications Mobile Computing, Volume 16, Issue 17, 2016

[3] Samimi, M K., Sun, S., Rappaport, T S, “MIMO channel modeling and capacity analysis for 5G millimeter-wave wireless systems”, 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) 2016, doi:10.1109/eucap.2016.7481507 [4] Yawei Yu, Peter J Smith, Pawel A Dmochowski, Jianhua Zhang and Mansoor Shafi, “3D vs 2D Channel Models: Spatial Correlation and Channel Capacity Comparison and Analysis”, IEEE ICC Wireless Communications Symposium, 201