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TEST 1

Phần 1:

Part 1 You will hear a group of art history students going out an art gallery with their teacher For questions 1-5, choose answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear

1 Burne-Jones believed that a painting

A ought to be true to nature

B must have a moral point

C should play an instructive role in a modern industrial society

D need not have practical value

2 It appears that the story of the King and the Beggar Maid was

A a well-know Victorian tale

B popularized by a poet

C brought to the artist’s attention by his wife

D taken up by novelists at later stage

3 According to the students, how did the painter approach the work?

A He wanted to portray the beggar realistically

B He copied part of the painting from an Italian masterpiece

C He had certain items in the painting made for him

D He wanted to decorate the clothing with jewels

4 The student thinks that in someway the painting depicts

A an uncharacteristically personal message

B the grate sadness of the artist

C the artist’s inability to return the girl’s love

D the fulfillment of the artist’s hopes and dreams

5 What was people’s reaction to the painting?

A They recognized Frances Graham as the model for the Beggar Maid

B They realized how personal the painting was for the artist

C They interpreted the painting without difficulty

D They did not approve of the subject matter of the painting

Your answers

Part 2 You will hear an interview with Cindy Talbot on the radio program, Young hero or heroine of the week For question 1-5, listen and answer the questions

1 How did Cindy react when she heard the thunder?

1 Christ’s attitude to the competition was that the conditions were similar to his normal routine

2 Both Chris and Jane feel that the unique thing about their job was the need to be focused

on the job

3 Chris and Jane would like to have more freedom of choice about what they cook on board the train

4 Chris said that losing his concentration when cooking caused his worst disaster

5 Reacting to Chris's suggestion for the future, Jane would be able to take part in that kind

Polar bears aren't the only (1) Arctic animal threatened by climatechange Scientists believe reindeer are at risk as a warming world makes their main winterfood source disappear But reindeer on one Alaskan island are surprising researchers.

Historically, the reindeer population on St Paul island ate (2) _, a smalltype of plant or fungus that grows on rocks in areas with cold weather However, climatechange has made it harder for lichen to grow on this island, and the reindeer ate the lichenfaster than it could grow back Researchers thought that the reindeer population wouldstarve without access to lichen, but these reindeer have found another way to(3) _

Reindeer are not (4) _ to Alaska, and they were introduced to(5) areas around the state in the late 1800s, in order to provide an alternative foodsource for residents of (6) villages In communities like St Paul, wheregrocery prices are (7) _, residents depend on reindeer to feed their families.And to make it through winter, the reindeer need something as well

Fortunately, after the reindeer on this island depleted the lichen supply, they went(8) _ They began digging and discovered new sources of food: roots andgrass shoots Plants like these grow more quickly than lichen in the warmer, wetterconditions introduced by climate change, and the reindeer’s ability to adapt to their newdiet is a good sign for the survival of the species However, reindeer researchers are not so(9) _ They warn that global reindeer populations are still in danger, as climatechange warms and alters their (10) _, as are many other animals thatdepend on colder conditions to survive

Adapted from “When Their Food Ran Out, These Reindeer Kept Digging”

A PHRASAL VERB AND PREPOSITIONS

1 The love of life shone the author’s book, giving me as much inspiration as Icould ever ask for

2 You shouldn’t take more than you can handle, otherwise you’ll sufferfrom stress.

3 He’s so stubborn and stupid I just couldn’t get him that she can nevermake money from gambling

4 The success of our project hinges _ Mike’s ability persuade the locals tomove to the renewal quarter

5 The government’s plans to reduce crime came _ for a lot of criticism fromfreedom groups

6 Before they open the new factory, a lot of the young people round here were the dole

7 The two countries met at the conference to iron _ their differences

A on B Out C over D into

8 He tried to paper _ the country’s deep-seated problems

A over B with C Into D down

9 Linda chats so much; she could talk the hind leg _ a donkey

A up to B over C off D under

10 I’m going to put my head _ for a while as I feel very tired

B COLLOCATION AND IDIOMS (10PTS)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1 I had to get through a lot of tape, but I finally got the documents Ineeded

yellow

2 The hospital staff pulled out all the _ to make sure the children had awonderful day

A roadblocks B barricades C plugs D stops

3 Neither side is prepared to _ an inch in the negotiations

A stir B budge C push D bend

4 Congressman Saunders fired the opening _ during a heated debate on capitalpunishment

A salvo B barrage C cannonade D burst

5 I like the way people here always queue up Back home we just push and shove, andthe devil take the !

A outermost B foremost C hindmost D utmost

6 The manager attached himself to the luncheon club and became a _ fixturethere

A perennial B enduring C stable D permanent

7 I was so hungry, and that meal was absolutely delicious! It was just what the _ ordered

A scientist B doctor C expert D healer

8 Although the Government has increased allocations to the social sector by as much

as 40 per cent, State funding still falls short of needs

A well B totally C severely D abjectly

9 Last week’s violence was _ condemned by foreign governments

A grimly B roundly C roughly D bitingly

10 Let me know of any pertinent developments, keep me in the

Part 2: Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes Identify the mistakes and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.

expected victory in Sunday's president election

Mr Putin, who has ruled the country as neither president or prime ministersince 1999, got more than 76% of the vote, official results shows The mainopposition leader, Alexei Navalny, was barred from the race Addressed arally in Moscow, Mr Putin said voters had "recognised the achievements ofthe last few years"

Speaking to reporters after the results announced, he laughed at a questionabout running again in another six years "What you are saying is a bitfunny Do you think that I will stay here until I'm 100 years old? No!" hesaid The scale of victory - which had been widely predicted - appears to be

a markedly increase in his share of the vote from 2012, when he won 64%

Mr Putin's nearest competitor, millionaire communist Pavel Grudinin,received about 12% The race also included Ksenia Sobchak, a formalreality TV host, and veteran nationalist Vladimir Zhirinovsky - they got lessthan 2% and about 6% respectedly Mr Putin's campaign team said it was an

"incredible victory" "The percentage that we have just seen speaks foritself It's a mandate which Putin needs for future decisions, and he has a lot

of them to do," a spokesman told Russia's Interfax

(Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43452449)

Line Mistake Correction

We all know about the zodiac signs which reflect the position of the sun, the moon andthe planets at the moment of a man's birth and about the peculiar characteristics

_ (2) to them by astrologers We say we will take these phenomena with a

pinch of salt while we keep _ (3) our eyes over them in every tabloid we layour hands on Most frequently, we expect horoscopes to predict the future, to _ (4) our optimistic mood with a piece of comforting information or to

_ (5) our ego by confirming the superlative features that we tend to

attribute to our zodiacs

However, there's no scientific evidence to _ (6) the assumption that human

existence is so closely (7) with the parameters of the celestial bodies Ourcuriosity in horoscopes may, then, _(8) our sheer fascination with theunexplained or the unpredictable as well as in the enticing insight into the future thatthe horoscopes offer, thus establishing the sense of our (9) an extremepower over our own lives An additional explanation is that humans tend to have a soft (10) for any form of flattery, which is the fact to which astrologers andthe horoscope writers seem to attach the greatest deal of weight

1 A rely B correspond C match D compare

2 A identified B associated C incorporated D ascribed

3 A running B sending C fixing D putting

4 A restore B adjust C upgrade D reassure

5 A boost B escalate C revitalize D improve

6 A conclude B concede C corroborate D confound

7 A fused B adhered C coalesced D intertwined

9 A disposing B wielding C effecting D committing

10 A pit B dot C spot D nickYour answers:

Having to obey rules and regulations when riding a bike is (0) one of the

first experiences children have of the idea of obeying the law However, a large number

of children are left to learn the rules by trial and (1) , instead of being guided byexperienced (2) _ Every year, hundreds of children visit the doctor or thehospital casualty department (3) crashing on their bikes This could be easilyprevented by (4) _ them the basics of bicycle safety Ideally, children should beallowed to ride only in safe places, such as parks and cycle tracks When this is notpossible, and they are permitted to go on the (5) , it is important to teach themsome basic safety principles

First, they ought to learn and obey the rules of the road, which (6) _ trafficsigns, signals and road markings Second, they should always wear a helmet Studieshave shown that wearing bicycle helmets can (7) head injuries by up to 85 percent In many places, helmets are required by law, particularly (8) _ children.Finally, children should be made to understand (9) _ importance of riding inareas that are brightly lit and of wearing clothes that make (10) _ clearly visible

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861-1865) a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern

Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned The driver returned thenext spring to see what had become of his cargo Instead of the skeletons he had

expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat, and healthy How had they survived?

The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans lands trampled

underfoot in their haste to cross the "Great American Desert" to reach lands that

sometimes proved barren In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed But in the dry grazing lands of the West that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought To raise cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless

Who could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made itpossible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild

grasses did just that They had wonderfully convenient features that made them

superior to the cultivated eastern grasses Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains They were not juicy like the

cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems And they did not need to be cured

in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter Cattle left outdoors tofend for themselves thrived on this hay And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a bam cured the cultivated grasses

1 What does the passage mainly discuss?

A A type of wild vegetation B Western migration after Civil War

C The raising of cattle D The climate of the Western United States

2 What can be inferred by the phrase "Legend has it" in line I?·

A Most history book include the story of the train

B The story of the train is similar to other ones from that time period

C The driver of the train invented the story.

D The story of the train may not be completed factual

3 The word "they" in line 4 refers to …………

A plains B skeletons C oxen D Americans

4 What can be inferred about the "Great American Desert" mentioned in line 7?

A Many had settled there by the 1860's

B It was not originally assumed to be a fertile area

C It was a popular place to raise cattle before the Civil War

D It was not discovered until the late 1800's

5 The word "barren" in line 7 is closed in meaning to ……… "

A lonely B uncomfortable C infertile D dangerous

6 The word "preferred" in line 8 is closed in meaning to …………

A favored B available C ordinary D required

7 Which of the following can be inferred about the cultivated grass

mentioned in the second paragraph?

A Cattle raised in the Western United States refused to eat it

B It had to be imported into the United States

C It would probably not grow in the western United States

D It was difficult for cattle to digest

8 Which of the following was NOT one of the names given to the western grasses?

A Mesquite grass B Bluejoint grass C Buffalo grass D Grama grass

9 Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a characteristic of western grasses?

A They contain little moisture B They have tough stems

C They can be grown indoors D They are not affected by dry weather

10 According to the passage, the cattle help promote the growth of the wild

grass by ………"

A eating only small quantities of grass

B continually moving from one grazing area to another

C naturally fertilizing the soil.

D stepping on and pressing the seeds into the ground

Part 6 Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow (12 pts)

A After hours of driving south in the pitch-black darkness of the Nevada desert, a dome

of hazy gold suddenly appears on the horizon Soon, a road sign confirms the obvious: Las Vegas 30 miles Looking skyward, you notice that the Big Dipper is harder to find than it was an hour ago

B Light pollution—the artificial light that illuminates more than its intended target area

—has become a problem of increasing concern across the country over the past 15 years In the suburbs, where over-lit shopping mall parking lots are the norm, only 200

of the Milky Way’s 2,500 stars are visible on a clear night Even fewer can be seen from large cities In almost every town, big and small, street lights beam just as much light up and out as they do down, illuminating much more than just the street Almost

50 percent of the light emanating from street lamps misses its intended target, and billboards, shopping centres, private homes and skyscrapers are similarly over-

illuminated

C America has become so bright that in a satellite image of the United States at night,

the outline of the country is visible from its lights alone The major cities are all there,

in bright clusters: New York, Boston, Miami, Houston, Los Angeles, Seattle, Chicago, and, of course, Las Vegas Mark Adams, superintendent of the McDonald Observatory

in west Texas, says that the very fact that city lights are visible from on high is proof oftheir wastefulness “When you’re up in an airplane, all that light you see on the ground from the city is wasted It’s going up into the night sky That’s why you can see it.”

D But don’t we need all those lights to ensure our safety? The answer from light

engineers, light pollution control advocates and astronomers is an emphatic “no.” Elizabeth Alvarez of the International Dark Sky Association (IDA), a non-profit

organization in Tucson, Arizona, says that overly bright security lights can actually force neighbours to close the shutters, which means that if any criminal activity does occur on the street, no one will see it And the old assumption that bright lights deter crime appears to have been a false one: A new Department of Justice report concludes that there is no documented correlation between the level of lighting and the level of

crime in an area And contrary to popular belief, more crimes occur in broad daylight than at night.

E For drivers, light can actually create a safety hazard Glaring lights can temporarily

blind drivers, increasing the likelihood of an accident To help prevent such accidents, some cities and states prohibit the use of lights that impair night-time vision For instance, New Hampshire law forbids the use of “any light along a highway so

positioned as to blind or dazzle the vision of travellers on the adjacent highway.”

F Badly designed lighting can pose a threat to wildlife as well as people Newly

hatched turtles in Florida move toward beach lights instead of the more muted silver shimmer of the ocean Migrating birds, confused by lights on skyscrapers, broadcast towers and lighthouses, are injured, sometimes fatally, after colliding with high, lightedstructures And light pollution harms air quality as well: Because most of the country’s power plants are still powered by fossil fuels, more light means more air pollution

G So what can be done? Tucson, Arizona is taking back the night The city has one of

the best lighting ordinances in the country, and, not coincidentally, the highest

concentration of observatories in the world Kitt Peak National Optical Astronomy Observatory has 24 telescopes aimed skyward around the city’s perimeter, and its cadre

of astronomers needs a dark sky to work with

H For a while, that darkness was threatened “We were totally losing the night sky,”

Jim Singleton of Tucson’s Lighting Committee told Tulsa, Oklahoma’s KOTV last March Now, after retrofitting inefficient mercury lighting with low-sodium lights that block light from “trespassing” into unwanted areas like bedroom windows, and by doing away with some unnecessary lights altogether, the city is softly glowing rather than brightly beaming The same thing is happening in a handful of other states,

including Texas, which just passed a light pollution bill last summer “Astronomers canget what they need at the same time that citizens get what they need: safety, security and good visibility at night,” says McDonald Observatory’s Mark Adams, who

provided testimony at the hearings for the bill

I And in the long run, everyone benefits from reduced energy costs Wasted energy

from inefficient lighting costs us between $1 and $2 billion a year, according to IDA The city of San Diego, which installed new, high-efficiency street lights after passing a light pollution law in 1985, now saves about $3 million a year in energy costs

J Legislation isn’t the only answer to light pollution problems Brian Greer, Central

Ohio representative for the Ohio Light Pollution Advisory Council, says that education

is just as important, if not more so “There are some special situations where regulation

is the only fix,” he says “But the vast majority of bad lighting is simply the result of not knowing any better.” Simple actions like replacing old bulbs and fixtures with moreefficient and better-designed ones can make a big difference in preserving the night sky

Questions 1- 6

The first six paragraphs of the reading passage are lettered A-F.

Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below.

NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.

List of Headings

I Why lights are needed

ii Lighting discourages law breakers

iii The environmental dangers

iv People at risk from bright lights

v Illuminating space

vi A problem lights do not solve

vii Seen from above

viii More light than is necessary

ix Approaching the city

Complete each of the following statements with words taken from the passage

Write ONE or TWO WORDS for each answer.

7) According to a recent study, well-lit streets do not or make

neighbourhoods safer to live in

8) Inefficient lighting increases because most electricity is produced from coal, gas or oil

9) Efficient lights from going into areas where it is not needed

10) In dealing with light pollution is at least as important as passing new laws

Part 7 You are going to read some reviews of art events For questions 1 - 10, choose from the reviews (A-F) The reviews may be chosen more than once.

In which review is the following mentioned?

Institutions could suffer because of a thoughtless act 1

Many different styles offered by artists in Europe 2

A substantal amount of time needed to complete one piece of

work

3

Showing how something is set up for public viewing 9

Reviews of art events

A Ben Cook and Phil Whiting

Landscape, such a dominant theme in Cornwall, has the chalk and cheese treatment from two artists showing in Penzance this month At Cornwall Contemporary Gallery Ben Cook " uses abstract vocabulary to make almost entirely conceptual references His use of found objects and time spent surfing drew him to look at the processes involved in surfboard manufacture Based on these, his constructions and paintings combine areas of high resist, high speed, water deflecting sheen with those tempered bywax to produce mottled, opaque, non-slip surfaces that smack of stone and solidity Phil Whiting is a painter His vigorous use of materials - acrylics in thick impasto inks,

a student in Europe, he was drawn to medieval icons It is erroneous to say that his work is characterised by poignant nostalgia for India The paintings are not nostalgic Rather they evoke with subtle clarity what it is like to be exiled and dispossessed while

at the same time rooted inalienably innature and the cosmos

Every watercolour is multi-layered, giving a similar surface to Buddhist cave paintings It can take days in order to face Nhat is going to happen in a piece Each picture takes weeks and sometimes months Recent pictures include portraits and even

a homage to Frida Kahlo, a painter that Shanti respects immensely

C Iwan Gwyn Parry

Ian Gwyn Parry's first solo exhibition at Martin Tinney Gallery in Cardiff is a significant event Until now the artist has shown mostly in North Wales Now there is

an opportunity to experience, further south, a coherent and powerful assemblage of his latest work It is clear the show will be something special For these remarkable landscapes and seascapes appear to have emerged from deep within his psyche and are

a highly imaginative response to a coastal terrain familiar to the artist There is a strongsense of mysticism, the painting suffused with ethereal vapours and incandescent light;there are restless swathes of deep orange and yellow The seascapes are haunting and elemental while the landscapes are more reflective studies in grey, black and white

His oil The Irish Sea, for example is on an awesome scale, its seething waters of

churning paint intensely lit by a low sun Definitely a show not to be missed

D Art auctions

Of the top three Modern British sales last month, it was Christie's who kicked off the, proceedings, but not without controversy Bury district council, in their wisdom, auctioned a major painting by LS Lowry so as to cover a £10 million shortfall in their finances The £1.2 million hammer price, less expenses, will not make all that much difference but the

issue has raised the wrath of the Museums Association, who in future, could block lottery and National Arts Collection Fund resources in all aspects of museum and gallery development Bury may well live to regret their foolhardy action as current and future donators will also not be encouraged to gift works of art which could be sold on

a whim Bonhams followed ten days later with a good but not exceptional sale of which

a solid 70% was sold and totaled £2.3 million

It was then Sotheby's turn to shine which they succeeded in doing, with 80% of lots sold and an impressive total of £7.7 million, though some way behind their arch rival Records were broken for works by Sir Winston Churchill, former British Prime

Minister

E Andrew Grassie

Andrew Grassie's exhibition at Maureen Paley Gallery is aptly entitled 'Installation', since it provides a look backstage at the rituals involved in hanging an exhibition before it officially opens to the public To achieve this, Grassie devised and followed a pre-determined strategy, namely: "Install a series of paintings at the gallery depicting last year's previous exhibitions during their installation Each painting should hang at the very spot from which the image was taken, enabling the viewer to compare views

of the space." The result is five jewel-like paintings, each one painstakingly copied from a mid-installation photograph taken by Grassie before the opening of the previousyear's shows The paintings are executed with such detail that it is difficult at times to uncover the illusion that these are photographs rather than paintings

F Story

Alexia Goethe has selected fourteen artists, including six resident in the UK and four from Leipzig, for her show 'Story' She seeks to demonstrate that whatever technique is used - painting, text, video, photograph or concept - and regardless of style, the artist istelling a story The tales being told made me come away feeling a sense of recovery Tales of politics, war, social unrest, personal tragedy, to name just a few, are depicted here Jin Meng who now resides in Europe, produces exquisitely framed views from the present onto China's past Political statues, glimpsed from a deserted bedroom, evoke the vast changes sweeping his birthplace Jean Tinguely's kinetic assemblages

illustrate how the mechanical is subverted into the amusing and the desirable This is aneclectic mix of treasures that can't fail to shock, amuse and move

7 You should always be grateful for what you are given horse

You should ……… the mouth

8 He promised to look into my case personally assurance

He ……… ………… look into my case

personally

9 The prisoner was unrepentant about the suffering he had caused remorse

The prisoner the suffering he had caused

10 She‘s only happy when somebody does all her jobs for her DANCES

She‘s only happy when

Part 9: Write an essay about 350 words regarding the topic:

The best way to solve the world's environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel To what extent do you agree or disagree?

THE END

ANSWER KEYS

Phần 1:

Part 1 You will hear a group of art history students going out an art gallery with

their teacher For questions 1-5, choose answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best

according to what you hear

SOURCE: CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH PROFICIENCY MASTER CLASS FOR THE 2013

Amanda Yes, this is the one I’ve prepared

Teacher Good…now I’ve got one or two questions for Amanda to guide us through this painting,

so if you could all pay attention, we can get started…Brian…thank you Now, as you can see it’s a pre-Raphaelite painitng, so we’re talking 1880,1890…and what can you tell us about this-and other pre-Raphaelite paitings for that matter-compared for what came before?

Amanda well, there was a very definitely a reactiona against some of the earlier concerns – for example the pre-Raphaelites didn’t believe in the idea that it was important to be true to nature or realistic… this is a good example – it’s by the painter Burne-Jones, completed in 1884, and it shows a lot about his philosophy of paiting…

Teacher Ok And what was it exactly?

Amanda Well in his own words,…is it ok if I use my notes?

Teacher Yes of course

Amanda He said that a painting should be’a beautiful romantic dream of something that never was, never will be, in a land that no-one can define or remember, only desire’

Teacher So in other words the very opposite of realism – no practical lessons for modern

industrial societies or whatever

Amanda Yes, exactly, and this paiting is in many ways very typical of Burne-Jones – in fact his wife later said it was his most distinctive work, the one that really summed up what he thoughtTeacher OK tell us about the story it tells

Amanda It’s called King Cophetua and the Begga Maid, and it’s based on an old legend from

early medieval times about a king who falls in love with a beggar girl, and finds that his love for her

is grater than all his wealth and power

Teacher Was it a well-known story?

Amanda Yes – most people knew it well, but only through reading Tennyson’s poetry, in which

he wrote about it, rather than from the original story

Teacher So it’s another example of what we were talking about earlier – the link between the romantic movement in literature and the movements in art … do go on

Amanda In the painting, the artist imagines the King sitting at the girl’s feet, gazing at her

adoration Burne-Jones said he was determined that the King should look like a king and the beggar should look like a Queen, and he had certain details such as the crown and the maid’s dress specially made for him so that he could capture the detail The setting has echoes of 15th century Itallian art, particularly Mantegna and Crivelli, and it’s all elaborately decorated with highly wrought textures and jewel-like colours If you look at the clothing you can see what I mean The two characters in the background have got these rich following clothes, and there’s the same richness in the King’s followingcloak

Teacher So what is he trying to tell us about here… what about these anemones… do they have any particular significance do you think?

Amanda Yes, the maid is holding a bunch of anemones, and if you look closely you can see that some of them have fallen on the steps by the King The flowers are a symbol of unrequited love, and there’s a lot of personal feeling in this paiting, as there is in much of his work At the time he was doing this, Burne-Jones had met and fallen in love with a girl called Frances Graham, but she then married someone else So it’s likely that the King represents Burne-Jones and the represents Frances Graham, and the painting shows his feelings about losing the woman he loved

Teacher Are there any other themes that the audience in 1884 would have recognized apart from

on this personal level?

Amanda Yes, to the general public it would have had a completely different meaning, whichs they have recognized quite easily – they would interpret the paiting as being about the rejection of worldly wealt and the elevation of love above everything else

Teacher Yes, absolutely… and that was a message that was very close to Burne-Jone’s heart and was very relevant for late Victorian Britain… Well thank you Amanda, and now we’ll move on to the next artist

Part 2 You will hear an interview with Cindy Talbot on the radio program, Young

hero or heroine of the week For question 1-5, listen and answer the questions

SOURCE: CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH PROFICIENCY MASTER CLASS FOR THE 2013

EXAM PAGE 55

1 How did Cindy react when she heard the thunder?

She was worried or she was sort of unnerved

2 How did Cindy regard her decision to take shelter from the storm?

She said that it was not wise thing to do so

3 What were Rod and Mark doing when they saw Cindy?

They were on their way back home after driving around in the forest

4 What was Rod and Mark’s initial reaction to Cindy’s story?

They didn’t think there was a grain of truth

5 What effect has the experience had on Cindy?

She says that she is not really a quitter and she is really determined to go on hiking

TAPESCRIPT

Exam narrator You will hear an interview with Cindy Talbot on the radio programme, Young hero or heroine of the week For the questions 1-5, choose the answer (A,B,C or D) which fits best according

to what you hear

Presenter Hello, and welcome to our programme, Young hero or heroine of the week The subject

this week is Cindy Talbot, a final-year college student, who was on the third day of her five-day hiking trip through Colorado’s National Forest when something really extraordinay happened to her – she was struck by lightning Apparently, lightning kills nearly a hundred Americans each year, more than hurricanes or tornadoes, and to survive a direct hit is almost a miracle Luckily, Cindy was rescued and we are fortunate to have her with us in the studio today

Presenter Tell me, Cindy, what was atually doing when the lightning struck?

Cindy Well, I’d noticed the thunderclouds gathering and I was, like, resting on a rocky peak people call Eahle Peak, when I heard the thunder rumbling in the distence, and I was sort of unnerved

I gotta say I though the thunder sounded kinda ominous So I said to myself, “Cindy, you’d better get moving” you see I didn’t want to get caught in a storm like that But, I was to late, I guess I remember when the downpour started… and it must have lasted for about an hour, at least an hour I knew it

wasn’t going to stop just lik that, so I found shelter under some trees

Presenter I suppose that seemed the best thing to do at the time

Cindy To tell the truth it’s not a very wise thjing to do considering it was an electric storm, or

so I’m told! But I did’nt hav much oppinion Everything happened so quickly and there didn’t seem to

be anywhere else nearby where I might find shelter But eventually the sun came out and the rained strted to move away, so I came out from under the trees to dry off a little bit And then, I’d just put my backpack on – it has a metal frame by thw way! – when the whole world explored, and I felt an

electrical charge surging though my body It was literally’a bolt out of the blue’! i realized that by some miracle I was still alive and had to get help But I couldn’t move my legs, so I had to crawl

It was heavy going, but after about an hour I reached a wet, muddy kind of track in a clearing in the forst

Fortunately for me, Rod and Mark, the two guys who came to my rescue, had just happened to

on their way back home in their pick-up They run a trapping company, and they… they’d been driving around in the forest checking their traps, I think If they hadn’t come along at that moment, I’m not sure I would have survived the ordeal When they sew me and heard my story, I don’t think they thought there was a grain of truth in what I was saying at first! Rod told me later that he thought what I’d told him was a bit far-fetched, to say the least!

They said they’d seen this weird-looking object- seemed to be kind of sprawling across the road

… not moving, but it wasn’t a fallen tree – it looked human I though, ‘Gee, thanks!’ Anyway, they’d jumped out of the truck to get a closer look, and they found me They managed to get me to the nearest hospital in record time, and, well, in a few days, I was on my feet again Thanks to the guys But I’ve still got a scars on my back, on my hips and foot, too And I’m scared to death of lightning now

Presenter I suppose lightning’s not normally something to be terrified about But you’ve just got

to know what you’re doing, haven’t you? So do you feel the experience has had any long-term effect

on you?

Cindy Hmm, I think it’s made me lealize that I’m not more resilient than i thought I’m not really a quitter and I’m determined, really determioned to go hiking

Presenter But perhaps not in electric storms?

Cindy Ican’t promise that, I’m afraid!

Presnter Cindy, thanks for talking to us today

Part 3: You will hear an interview on a train with two friends, Jane and Chris, chefs

who both won prizes in the National Railway Chef of the Year competition For the

questions below, decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F)

Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.

SOURCE: CAMBRIDGE CERTIFICATE I ADVANCED ENGLISH 6- TEST 1

Your answers

TAPESCRIPT

GREG Servinq more than 200,000 meals a year would be a challenge for any chef, but

step up constraints of time, space and a demand for culinary excellence and you have the

life of a railway chef Chris and Jane, the idea of having to cook in cramped surroundings,

with limited ingredients and a very tight schedule, as you did in the recent competition,

must have been a terrifying prospect

CHRIS Well, hardly - I actually operate under those restrictions every day!

JANE That's true, of course, we both do - but there's always the added danger that things

can go wrong, and the challenge of preparing a topquality, threecourse meal for four

-which costs no more than £50 - and in front of all those judges!

GREG Well, Jane, you were a runner up and Chris came first I gather you faced somestiff competition from the other finalists

JANE No doubt about that All the chefs who entered the competition were brilliant intheir own way - but someone has to win! But the real problem is trying to be creative as thetrain hurtles through the countryside at over 100 miles an hour - there's little room formistakes - and you have to be able to keep your balance!

CHRIS Actually, I'd only been a railway chef for three months And I can tell you that life

on board is no easy ride There's no nipping out to get the extra bunch of parsley, or alemon

GREG But you're used to working under pressure all the same, aren't you? How do youset about being organised?

CHRIS.You've just got to make sure you're focused on the job Being able to keep an eye

on a dozen things at once is also an advantage!

GREG But do you actually enjoy what you're doing?

JANE There's plenty of scope to express yourself as a chef in the job - and the openkitchen means that customers will often compliment you personally on the food That's one

of the biggest highlights of the job

CHRIS I'd certainly go along with that Very few restaurant chefs have the chance toexperience that GREG And what about the menus, who decides what to cook?

JANE They're decided in advance for the whole railway network by two extremelyfamous chefs, who are actually brothers I suppose we both find it restricting

CHRIS Hmm I do get a bit frustrated from time to time - think I could be a little moreadventurous - but it's all a question of adaptability - which I suspect Jane is better at than Iam!

JANE Not at all - I can be quite inflexible when the mood takes me!

GREG So what would be a typical routine for you both?

CHRIS You have to start at around 5.30 in the morning - check that all the ingredientshave been delivered - then it's a mad rush to get everything ready

JANE And precious little time to rest any other time during the day, as you often have toset tables on other trains and help other staff Timing's particularly tight, you see In otherrestaurants orders come in and go out over two or three hours, but we have to turn roundbefore the passengers reach their stations It's all a bit nerve-racking

GREG So what motivated you to do this in the first place?

CHRIS I've been on the move ever since I left college So when I got engaged, I decided itwas time to settle down So when I saw this job, it seemed a reasonable compromisebetween personal commitments and my reluctance to stay in one place

JANE For me it was something that just caught my eye - not just ordinary run of the millstuff And, if you get the time, you get a good view out of the windows!

GREG And how do you stop things from spilling over when the train moves?

CHRIS It's not a problem for me I was a chef on a liner, so I've got plenty of experience

of cookery in motion!

JANE Yes, but I think it helps if you only half fill saucepans with boiling water - even so,they often spillover and you start saying nasty things to yourself about the driver - and it'snot usually his fault!

CHRIS Let's just say that you quickly learn not to put things under the grill withoutkeeping an eye on them!

GREG Has either of you had any major disasters?

CHRIS [laughs] I'd only been in the job for three days and I had this huge roast in theoven I opened the door, turned around for a moment, distracted, I suppose, and it just flewout Fortunately it landed in the sink, so it was okay

GREG And what qualities would you say it was necessary for a railway chef to have?

JANE From my point of view, dedication and determination - you won't get anywherewithout these! CHRIS And, let's admit it - a sense of humour There have been times when

I would have resigned long ago if I hadn't had that!

GREG And what of the future?

CHRIS Who knows? - perhaps the first chef on a trip to the Moon?

JANE Now, that would be a challenge! But somehow, I doubt I'll be with you on that one.I'm terrified of flying!

GREG Well, now, if you don't mind, we thought our listeners might be interested in therecipes for your prize-winning meals

Part 4 Listen to the news about Reindeer and fill in the blanks of the news summary with the missing words

Adapted from “When Their Food Ran Out, These Reindeer Kept Digging”

http://www.npr.org/2017/02/18/514523987/when-their-food-ran-out-these-reindeer-kept-digging

Copyright © 2017 NPR.

Your answers

6 rural 7 astronomical 8 underground 9 optimistic 10 habitat

TRANSCRIPT

When Their Food Ran Out, These Reindeer Kept Digging

SCOTT SIMON, HOST:

Reindeer populations are being threatened by climate change A warming world makes

their main winter food source disappear But as KUCB's Zoe Sobel reports, reindeer on

one Alaskan island are surprising researchers

ZOE SOBEL, BYLINE: You'd think it'd be easy to spot a herd of 400 reindeer on a

treeless island with tundra as far as the eye can see, but it's not

LAUREN DEVINE: Yeah, they were right here

SOBEL: That's Lauren Devine of the Ecosystem Conservation Office She helps manage

the reindeer on St Paul Island Though on this windy day, she's hunting them So far, no

luck Then a man who works in this remote area approaches our truck

UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Hey, you guys looking for the reindeer?

DEVINE: Yeah

UNIDENTIFIED MAN: You see that green patch right there?

DEVINE: Yep

UNIDENTIFIED MAN: They were just past it.

DEVINE: When?

UNIDENTIFIED MAN: About two hours ago

DEVINE: Oh, perfect

SOBEL: Reindeer aren't native to Alaska They were brought to rural villages across the state in the late 1800s In communities like St Paul, where grocery prices are astronomical,Devine says residents depend on reindeer to feed their families And to make it through thewinter, the reindeer need something, too

DEVINE: Reindeer all over the world depend on lichen They're very high in sugars and starch, and they're considered, like, a Snickers bar for reindeer in the winter

SOBEL: But the reindeer ate the lichen here faster than it could regrow, and now it's gone Without lichen, reindeer experts would expect to see malnourished or starving animals In some places, that's already happening But the animals on St Paul are thriving Greg Finstad is with the University of Alaska Fairbanks Reindeer Research Program He came

to study and evaluate the island's reindeer and environment On a visit to St Paul Island last year, he saw something he'd never witnessed before

GREG FINSTAD: That the reindeer are doing something really very interesting They have managed to find other things to eat They've gone underground

SOBEL: Finstad discovered instead of lichen, the reindeer are digging up roots and grazing

on grass He says that's good news Lichens thrive in Arctic climates, but the Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the globe These higher temperatures mean more wildfires, erratic rainfall and better conditions for other plants that can crowd out the lichen All of this could mean less lichen for reindeer

Plus, a warmer climate means what used to be snow is now rain In Russia a few years ago,that created an icy barrier so thick the reindeer couldn't stamp through it to get to the lichen Tens of thousands starved to death That's why Finstad thinks it's important that the reindeer in St Paul are finding something else to eat

FINSTAD: There's a lot of scientists, researchers, reindeer producers waving their arms in the world Oh, climate change, it's the death of reindeer and caribou But you know what?

We have forgotten to tell the reindeer and caribou Things change, and they change with it.MARK BOYCE: I would say no

SOBEL: Ecology professor Mark Boyce of the University of Alberta is not convinced.BOYCE: (Laughter) In the - I mean, it's an island population and a very small sample of our global populations of reindeer and caribou And the general pattern has been one of decline, so I guess I'm not very optimistic

SOBEL: Still, on this Alaska island for now, reindeer are doing just fine And hunting them is more popular than ever For NPR News, I'm Zoe Sobel in St Paul.

SIMON: And this report comes from Alaska's Energy Desk, a public media collaboration that's focused on energy and the environment

(SOUNDBITE OF MIKHAIL SAASKIA'S "LOOKING FOR ALASKA")

Copyright © 2017 NPR All rights reserved Visit our website terms of

use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR This text may not

be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future Accuracy and availability may vary The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

Shine through = If a quality shines through, it is strong and easy to see, usually in aparticular situation

2 You shouldn’t take more than you can handle, otherwise you’ll sufferfrom stress

Take on = begin to have, use, or do something

3 He’s so stubborn and stupid I just couldn’t get him that she can nevermake money from gambling

Get across to = manage to make someone understand or believe something

4 The success of our project hinges _ Mike’s ability persuade the locals tomove to the renewal quarter

Cam in for = hứng chịu,nhận ( chỉ trích,kết quả không tốt0

6 Before they open the new factory, a lot of the young people round here were the dole

A on B in C over D above

On the dole =sống nhờ tiền trợ cấp của chính phủ

7 The two countries met at the conference to iron _ their differences

A on B out C over D into

Iron out= put something into a finished state by solving problems, removingdifferences, or taking care of details

8 He tried to paper _ the country’s deep-seated problems

A over B with C into D down

Paper over = hide an unpleasant situation, especially a problem or disagreement, inorder to make people believe that it does not exist or is not serious

9 Linda chats so much; she could talk the hind leg _ a donkey

A up to B over C off D under

Talk the hind leg off a donkey = nói lải nhải,chuyện không đâu

10 I’m going to put my head _ for a while as I feel very tired

Put one’s head down =sleep

Red tape = official rules and processes that seem unnecessary and delay results

2 The hospital staff pulled out all the _ to make sure the children had awonderful day

A roadblocks B barricades C plugs D stops

pulled out all the stops = do everything you can to make something successful

3 Neither side is prepared to _ an inch in the negotiations

A stir B budge C push D bend

Won't budge an inch' nghĩa là không động đậy, không nhúc nhích; ngoài ra còn nghĩabóng là không thay đổi ý định, ý đã quyết -> không suy chuyển/lay chuyển

.4 Congressman Saunders fired the opening _ during a heated debate on capitalpunishment

A salvo B barrage C cannonade D burst

opening salvo formal=the first in a series of questions, statements etc that you use to try

The devil take the hindmost' = ác quỷ sẽ bắt người chạy sau cùng, vậy nên bạn phảichạy thật nhanh -> mỗi người phải tự thân tìm kiếm thành công cho chính mình, đặcbiệt trong các tình huống gặp phải cạnh tranh

6 The manager attached himself to the luncheon club and became a _ fixturethere

A perennial B enduring C stable D permanent

be a (permanent) fixture=to be always present and not likely to move or go away

7 I was so hungry, and that meal was absolutely delicious! It was just what the _ ordered

A scientist B doctor C expert D healer

just what the doctor ordered=exactly what is wanted or needed

8 Although the Government has increased allocations to the social sector by as much

as 40 per cent, State funding still falls short of needs

A well B totally C severely D abjectly

fall well short of =to fail to reach an amount or standard that was expected or hopedfor, causing disappointment:

9 Last week’s violence was _ condemned by foreign governments

A grimly B roundly C roughly D bitingly

roundly condemn/criticize etc=to condemn, criticize etc someone strongly and severely

10 Let me know of any pertinent developments, keep me in the

keep sb in the loops: cập nhật thông tin cho ai đó biết

Part 2:

Part 1: For questions 1 - 10, choose the correct answer to fill each space Write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided below the passage.

Very few of us would admit putting much trust in horoscopes and the fact that themovements of astronomical bodies _ (1) to earthly occurrences affectingpeoples' everyday lives

We all know about the zodiac signs which reflect the position of the sun, the moon andthe planets at the moment of a man's birth and about the peculiar characteristics

_ (2) to them by astrologers We say we will take these phenomena with a

pinch of salt while we keep _ (3) our eyes over them in every tabloid we layour hands on Most frequently, we expect horoscopes to predict the future, to _ (4) our optimistic mood with a piece of comforting information or to

_ (5) our ego by confirming the superlative features that we tend to

attribute to our zodiacs

However, there's no scientific evidence to _ (6) the assumption that human

existence is so closely (7) with the parameters of the celestial bodies Ourcuriosity in horoscopes may, then, _(8) our sheer fascination with theunexplained or the unpredictable as well as in the enticing insight into the future thatthe horoscopes offer, thus establishing the sense of our (9) an extremepower over our own lives An additional explanation is that humans tend to have a soft (10) for any form of flattery, which is the fact to which astrologers andthe horoscope writers seem to attach the greatest deal of weight

1 A rely B correspond C match D Compareclosely/directly correspond to/with sth: match something, or be similar or equal to something

2 A identified B associated C incorporated D AscribedAscribe to : believe or say that something is caused by something else

3 A running B sending C fixing D Putting

run one's eye over: look quickly at the whole of something

4 A restore B adjust C upgrade D reassureRestore: make it possible for someone to have a quality or ability again that they have not had for a long time

5 A boost B escalate C revitalize D improveBoost one’s ego : khẳng định,đề cao cái tôi của bản thân

6 A conclude B concede C corroborate D confoundCoroborate the assumption/theory : add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc with new information

7 A fused B adhered C coalesced D intertwinedIntertwine with : twisted together or closely connected so as to be difficult to separate

Stem: stop something unwanted from spreading or increasing

9 A disposing B wielding C effecting D committingwield power/influence/authority etc:to have a lot of power or influence, and to use it

10 A pit B dot C spot D nickHave soft spot for : có sự yêu thương, có lòng thương cảm hay nhân ái đối với một người hay một vật

Part 4:

1 error 2 adults/people 3 after 4 teaching 5 road

Part 5 Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions (12 pts)

expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat, and healthy How had they survived?

The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans lands trampled

underfoot in their haste to cross the "Great American Desert" to reach lands that

sometimes proved barren In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed But in the dry grazing lands of the West that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought To raise cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless

Who could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made itpossible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild

grasses did just that They had wonderfully convenient features that made them

superior to the cultivated eastern grasses Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains They were not juicy like the

cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems And they did not need to be cured

in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter Cattle left outdoors tofend for themselves thrived on this hay And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a bam cured the cultivated grasses

1 What does the passage mainly discuss?

A A type of wild vegetation B Western migration after Civil War

C The raising of cattle D The climate of the Western United States

1 Đoạn văn chủ yếu bàn về điều gì?

A Một kiểu thảm thực vật hoang dã B Sự di cư của phương Tây sau Nội chiến

C Việc chăn nuôi gia súc D Khí hậu miền Tây Hoa Kỳ

Clue: in the dry grazing lands of the West that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed

by drought Who could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter => Toàn bộ bài này chủ yếu nói

về loại cỏ hoang dại

2 What can be inferred by the phrase "Legend has it" in line I?·

A Most history book include the story of the train

B The story of the train is similar to other ones from that time period

C The driver of the train invented the story

D The story of the train may not be completed factual

Clue: Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861-1865) a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern

Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned.( Người ta kể rằng vào khoảng cuối Nội chiến (1861-1865), một đoàn tàu của chính phủ chở bò đi qua vùng đồng bằng phía bắc của miền đông Wyoming đã gặp phải bão tuyết và phải bỏ dở)

3 The word "they" in line 4 refers to …………

A plains B skeletons C oxen D AmericansClue: Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat, and healthy How had they survived?( Thay vì những bộ xương mà anh ta mong đợi sẽ tìm thấy, anh ta nhìn thấy con bò của mình, sống, béo và khỏe mạnh Làm thế nào họ sống sót?)

4 What can be inferred about the "Great American Desert" mentioned in line 7?

A Many had settled there by the 1860's

B It was not originally assumed to be a fertile area

C It was a popular place to raise cattle before the Civil War

D It was not discovered until the late 1800's

4 Có thể suy ra điều gì về "Great American Desert" được đề cập ở dòng 7?

A Nhiều người đã định cư ở đó vào những năm 1860

B Ban đầu nó không được cho là một khu vực màu mỡ.

C Đây là một nơi phổ biến để chăn nuôi gia súc trước Nội chiến

D Nó không được phát hiện cho đến cuối những năm 1800

Clue: The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans lands trampled

underfoot in their haste to cross the "Great American Desert" to reach lands that

sometimes proved barren

Nghĩa là khoảng những năm 1861-1865 khi bò bị bỏ lại vì bão tuyết,năm sau (hiểu là những năm cuối 1800) khi con người quay lại thì thấy chúng vẫn sống tốt.Bằng cách nào?Câu trả lời nằm ngay ở nguồn tài nguyên ở vùng đất chưa đc biết đén mà họ đã vội

cã đi qua vùng Great America Desert để đến những nơi mà thực chất là cằn cỗi-> Nghĩa là vùng đất này chưa đc iết đến cho đến tận cuối những năm 1800

5 The word "barren" in line 7 is closed in meaning to ……… "

A lonely B uncomfortable C infertile D dangerousBarren = cằn cỗi,khô cằn =infertile

6 The word "preferred" in line 8 is closed in meaning to …………

A favored B available C ordinary D required

Prefer= favor = yêu thích

7 Which of the following can be inferred about the cultivated grass

mentioned in the second paragraph?

A Cattle raised in the Western United States refused to eat it

B It had to be imported into the United States

C It would probably not grow in the western United States

D It was difficult for cattle to digest

7 Điều nào sau đây có thể được suy ra về loại cỏ trồng được đề cập trong đoạn văn thứhai?

A Gia súc được nuôi ở miền Tây Hoa Kỳ không chịu ăn thịt

B Nó đã phải được nhập khẩu vào Hoa Kỳ

C Nó có thể sẽ không phát triển ở miền Tây Hoa Kỳ

D Gia súc khó tiêu hóa

Clue: But in the dry grazing lands of the West that familiar blue joint grass was often killed by drought (Nhưng ở những vùng đất chăn thả khô hạn của phương Tây, loài cỏ chung xanh quen thuộc thường bị chết do hạn hán.)

8 Which of the following was NOT one of the names given to the western grasses?

A Mesquite grass B Bluejoint grass C Buffalo grass D Grama grassClue: Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains

9 Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a characteristic of western grasses?

A They contain little moisture B They have tough stems

C They can be grown indoors D They are not affected by dry weather

Đặc điểm nào sau đây KHÔNG được đề cập đến như một đặc điểm của các loại cỏ phương Tây?

A Chúng chứa ít độ ẩm B Chúng có thân cứng

C Có thể trồng trong nhà D Không bị ảnh hưởng bởi thời tiết khô hạn

Clue: not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains => D

They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard

stems.=> A,B

10 According to the passage, the cattle help promote the growth of the wild

grass by ………"

A eating only small quantities of grass

B continually moving from one grazing area to another

C naturally fertilizing the soil

D stepping on and pressing the seeds into the ground

10 Theo đoạn văn, gia súc giúp thúc đẩy sự phát triển của cỏ hoang bằng cách

……… "

A chỉ ăn một lượng nhỏ cỏ

B liên tục di chuyển từ bãi chăn thả này sang bãi chăn thả khác

C bón phân tự nhiên vào đất

D giẫm lên và ép hạt xuống đất

Clue: Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the

occasional rains of spring.( Gia súc được thả ra ngoài trời để tự lo cho bản thân chúng phát triển mạnh trên cỏ khô này Và chính những con gia súc đã giúp trồng cỏ tươi nămnày qua năm khác để chúng giẫm mạnh những hạt giống tự nhiên vào đất để được tưới bởi những trận tuyết tan của mùa đông và những cơn mưa bất chợt của mùa xuân.)

Part 6 Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow (12 pts)

7 deter crime

8 (air) pollution

9 block light

10 education

A ix Approaching the city

After hours of driving south in the pitch-black darkness of the Nevada desert, a dome

of hazy gold suddenly appears on the horizon Soon, a road sign confirms the obvious: Las Vegas 30 miles Looking skyward, you notice that the Big Dipper is harder to find than it was an hour ago.( Sau nhiều giờ lái xe về phía nam trong màn đêm tối đen như mực của sa mạc Nevada, một vùng sáng ánh vàng lấp lánh bỗng hiện ra nơi chân trời Chẳng bao lâu sau, một tấm biển chỉ đường xác nhận lại sự thật quá rõ ràng: Las Vegaschỉ còn cách đó 30 dặm Ngước lên trời, bạn phát hiện ra chòm sao Bắc Đẩu đã không còn dễ tìm như cách đây một tiếng đồng hồ nữa)=> Tiếp cận thành phố

B viii More light than is necessary

Light pollution—the artificial light that illuminates more than its intended target area—has become a problem of increasing concern across the country over the past 15 years

In the suburbs, where over-lit shopping mall parking lots are the norm,( Ô nhiễm ánh sáng — ánh sáng nhân tạo chiếu sáng một vùng rộng lớn hơn dự định – đã trở thành một vấn đề ngày càng khiến nhiều người lo ngại trong vòng 15 năm qua Ở vùng ngoại

ô, nơi các bãi đỗ xe thuộc các cửa hàng mua sắm luôn được thắp sáng chói chang như một tiêu chuẩn) only 200 of the Milky Way’s 2,500 stars are visible on a clear night Even fewer can be seen from large cities In almost every town, big and small, street lights beam just as much light up and out as they do down, illuminating much more

than just the street Almost 50 percent of the light emanating from street lamps misses its intended target, and billboards, shopping centres, private homes and skyscrapers are similarly over-illuminated.( Gần 50 phần trăm ánh sáng phát ra từ đèn đường không chiếu sáng khu vực mục tiêu ban đầu của chúng, và các biển hiệu, các trung tâm mua sắm, nhà riêng và những tòa nhà chọc trời cũng sử dụng đèn chiếu sáng quá mức giống nhau.)

 Nhiều ánh sáng hơn mức cần thiết

C vii Seen from above

America has become so bright that in a satellite image of the United States at night, theoutline of the country is visible from its lights alone.( Nước Mỹ đã được thắp sáng nhiều đến nỗi chỉ cần nhìn vào một bức ảnh vệ tinh chụp vào ban đêm, có thể thấy rõ biên giới quốc gia nhờ vào ánh đèn) The major cities are all there, in bright clusters: New York, Boston, Miami, Houston, Los Angeles, Seattle, Chicago, and, of course, Las Vegas Mark Adams, superintendent of the McDonald Observatory in west Texas, says that the very fact that city lights are visible from on high is proof of their

wastefulness “When you’re up in an airplane, all that light you see on the ground from the city is wasted It’s going up into the night sky That’s why you can see it.”( Mark Adams, giám đốc Đài thiên văn McDonald tại miền tây Texas nói rằng, thực tế việc có thể nhìn thấy ánh đèn thành phố từ trên cao như vậy chính là bằng chứng cho thấy sự phí phạm của họ “Khi bạn đi máy bay và nhìn xuống, tất cả ánh sáng mà bạn thấy từ thành phố dưới mặt đất đều bị lãng phí Chúng đã chiếu lên bầu trời đêm Đó là lý do tại sao bạn có thể nhìn thấy chúng)

 Nhìn từ trên cao

D vi A problem lights do not solve

But don’t we need all those lights to ensure our safety? The answer from light

engineers, light pollution control advocates and astronomers is an emphatic “no.” Elizabeth Alvarez of the International Dark Sky Association (IDA), a non-profit

organization in Tucson, Arizona, says that overly bright security lights can actually force neighbours to close the shutters, which means that if any criminal activity does occur on the street, no one will see it And the old assumption that bright lights deter crime appears to have been a false one: A new Department of Justice report concludes that there is no documented correlation between the level of lighting and the level of

crime in an area And contrary to popular belief, more crimes occur in broad daylight than at night.( ánh sáng quá mạnh với mục đích bảo vệ an ninh thực ra lại có khả năng buộc những người dân sống xung quanh phải đóng rèm cửa lại, tức là nếu có hoạt độngtội phạm nào xảy ra trên phố, sẽ chẳng có ai nhìn thấy được Và giả định lỗi thời rằng đèn sáng ngăn ngừa tội phạm là một sự sai lầm: Một báo cáo mới của Sở Tư pháp kết luận không có mối liên hệ nào được ghi nhận giữa mức độ thắp sáng và tình hình tội phạm trong một khu vực Và trái với niềm tin phổ biến, nhiều tội ác xảy ra ngay giữa thanh thiên bạch nhật hơn là vào ban đêm.)

 Một vấn đề về ánh sáng không giải quyết được

E iv People at risk from bright lights

For drivers, light can actually create a safety hazard Glaring lights can temporarily blind drivers, increasing the likelihood of an accident(Đối với người lái xe, ánh sáng thực sự có thể tạo ra mối nguy hiểm về an toàn Ánh sáng chói lóa có thể làm người lái

bị mù tạm thời, làm tăng khả năng xảy ra tai nạn) To help prevent such accidents, some cities and states prohibit the use of lights that impair night-time vision For instance, New Hampshire law forbids the use of “any light along a highway so

positioned as to blind or dazzle the vision of travellers on the adjacent highway.”

 Mọi người gặp nguy hiểm do đèn sáng

F iii The environmental dangers

Badly designed lighting can pose a threat to wildlife as well as people.( Ánh sáng được thiết kế không tốt có thể gây ra mối đe dọa cho động vật hoang dã cũng như con

người) Newly hatched turtles in Florida move toward beach lights instead of the more muted silver shimmer of the ocean Migrating birds, confused by lights on skyscrapers, broadcast towers and lighthouses, are injured, sometimes fatally, after colliding with high, lighted structures And light pollution harms air quality as well: Because most of the country’s power plants are still powered by fossil fuels, more light means more air pollution.( Và ô nhiễm ánh sáng cũng gây hại cho chất lượng không khí: Bởi vì hầu hếtcác nhà máy điện của quốc gia này vẫn chạy bằng nhiên liệu hóa thạch, nhiều ánh sáng hơn đồng nghĩa với ô nhiễm không khí nhiều hơn.)

 Những mối nguy hiểm về môi trường

G

So what can be done? Tucson, Arizona is taking back the night The city has one of thebest lighting ordinances in the country, and, not coincidentally, the highest

concentration of observatories in the world Kitt Peak National Optical Astronomy Observatory has 24 telescopes aimed skyward around the city’s perimeter, and its cadre

of astronomers needs a dark sky to work with

H

For a while, that darkness was threatened “We were totally losing the night sky,” Jim Singleton of Tucson’s Lighting Committee told Tulsa, Oklahoma’s KOTV last March Now, after retrofitting inefficient mercury lighting with low-sodium lights that block light from “trespassing” into unwanted areas like bedroom windows, and by doing away with some unnecessary lights altogether, the city is softly glowing rather than brightly beaming The same thing is happening in a handful of other states, including Texas, which just passed a light pollution bill last summer “Astronomers can get what they need at the same time that citizens get what they need: safety, security and good visibility at night,” says McDonald Observatory’s Mark Adams, who provided

testimony at the hearings for the bill

I And in the long run, everyone benefits from reduced energy costs Wasted energy

from inefficient lighting costs us between $1 and $2 billion a year, according to IDA The city of San Diego, which installed new, high-efficiency street lights after passing a light pollution law in 1985, now saves about $3 million a year in energy costs

J Legislation isn’t the only answer to light pollution problems Brian Greer, Central

Ohio representative for the Ohio Light Pollution Advisory Council, says that education

is just as important, if not more so “There are some special situations where regulation

is the only fix,” he says “But the vast majority of bad lighting is simply the result of not knowing any better.” Simple actions like replacing old bulbs and fixtures with moreefficient and better-designed ones can make a big difference in preserving the night sky

Part 7 You are going to read some reviews of art events For questions 1 - 10, choose from the reviews (A-F) The reviews may be chosen more than once (12 pts)

Institutions could suffer because of a thoughtless act 1

Many different styles offered by artists in Europe 2

A substantal amount of time needed to complete one piece of

work

3

Showing how something is set up for public viewing 9

Reviews of art events

A Ben Cook and Phil Whiting

Landscape, such a dominant theme in Cornwall, has the chalk and cheese treatment from two artists showing in Penzance this month At Cornwall Contemporary Gallery Ben Cook " uses abstract vocabulary to make almost entirely conceptual references His use of found objects and time spent surfing drew him to look at the processes involved in surfboard manufacture Based on these, his constructions and paintings combine areas of high resist, high speed, water deflecting sheen with those tempered bywax to produce mottled, opaque, non-slip surfaces that smack of stone and solidity Phil Whiting is a painter His vigorous use of materials - acrylics in thick impasto inks, charcoal applied with a brush, knife and 'whatever' - recalls a terrain smarting from the brute force of man's misuse of it This is not the celebrated, picturesque Cornwall we

so often see but its dirty, rain-soaked underbelly, a landscape left bereft by voracious mining and haphazard industrial development.( Đây không phải là thành phố Cornwall nổi tiếng đẹp như tranh vẽ mà chúng ta thường thấy mà là phần dưới đầy mưa, bẩn thỉucủa nó, một cảnh quan bị bỏ lại bởi hoạt động khai thác phàm ăn và sự phát triển công nghiệp hỗn loạn.)=> Q6

B Shanti Panchal

It is almost thirty years since Shanti Panchal first came from India to study art in London, where he has lived ever since This retrospective at Chelmsford Museum

I

elucidates his distinctive, radical water-colourist's achievement Growing lip in a Gujarati village, he decorated local houses with Images of birds and animals As a Bombay art student, cave paintings and images from Jain temples inspired him, and as

a student in Europe, he was drawn to medieval icons(Là một sinh viên nghệ thuật Bombay, các bức tranh hang động và hình ảnh từ các ngôi đền Jain đã truyền cảm hứngcho anh ấy, và khi còn là một sinh viên ở Châu Âu, anh ấy đã bị thu hút bởi các biểu tượng thời Trung cổ) It is erroneous to say that his work is characterised by poignant nostalgia for India The paintings are not nostalgic Rather they evoke with subtle clarity what it is like to be exiled and dispossessed while at the same time rooted inalienably in nature and the cosmos

Every watercolour is multi-layered, giving a similar surface to Buddhist cave paintings It can take days in order to face Nhat is going to happen in a piece Each picture takes weeks and sometimes months(Có thể mất nhiều ngày để đối mặt với Nhat sắp diễn ra một cách phức tạp Mỗi bức ảnh mất hàng tuần và đôi khi hàng tháng) => Q3 Recent pictures include portraits and even a homage to Frida Kahlo, a painter that Shanti respects immensely

C Iwan Gwyn Parry

Ian Gwyn Parry's first solo exhibition at Martin Tinney Gallery in Cardiff is a significant event Until now the artist has shown mostly in North Wales Now there is

an opportunity to experience, further south, a coherent and powerful assemblage of his latest work It is clear the show will be something special For these remarkable landscapes and seascapes appear to have emerged from deep within his psyche and are

a highly imaginative response to a coastal terrain familiar to the artist(Đối với những phong cảnh và cảnh biển đáng chú ý này dường như đã xuất hiện từ sâu trong tâm hồn của anh ấy và là một phản ứng giàu trí tưởng tượng đối với địa hình ven biển quen thuộc với nghệ sĩ.) There is a strong sense of mysticism, the painting suffused with ethereal vapours and incandescent light; there are restless swathes of deep orange and yellow The seascapes are haunting and elemental while the landscapes are more reflective studies in grey, black and white.( Cảnh quan biển gây ám ảnh và nguyên sơ trong khi cảnh quan là những nghiên cứu phản chiếu nhiều hơn với màu xám, đen và

trắng.) Q4 His oil The Irish Sea, for example is on an awesome scale, its seething

waters of churning paint intensely lit by a low sun Definitely a show not to be missed

D Art auctions

Of the top three Modern British sales last month, it was Christie's who kicked off the, proceedings, but not without controversy Bury district council, in their wisdom, auctioned a major painting by LS Lowry so as to cover a £10 million shortfall in their finances(.Hội đồng quận Bury, với sự khôn ngoan của họ, đã bán đấu giá một bức tranhlớn của LS Lowry để trang trải khoản thiếu hụt 10 triệu bảng trong tài chính của họ.) Q7 The £1.2 million hammer price, less expenses, will not make all that much

difference but the

issue has raised the wrath of the Museums Association, who in future, could block lottery and National Arts Collection Fund resources in all aspects of museum and gallery development Bury may well live to regret their foolhardy action as current and future donators will also not be encouraged to gift works of art which could be sold on

a whim.( Bury sống tốt để hối tiếc về hành động dại dột của họ vì các nhà tài trợ hiện tại và tương lai cũng sẽ không được khuyến khích tặng các tác phẩm nghệ thuật có thể được bán theo đột ngột,tùy thích) Q1Bonhams followed ten days later with a good but not exceptional sale of which a solid 70% was sold and totaled £2.3 million

It was then Sotheby's turn to shine which they succeeded in doing, with 80% of lots sold and an impressive total of £7.7 million, though some way behind their arch rival Records were broken for works by Sir Winston Churchill, former British Prime

Minister

E Andrew Grassie

Andrew Grassie's exhibition at Maureen Paley Gallery is aptly entitled 'Installation', since it provides a look backstage at the rituals involved in hanging an exhibition before it officially opens to the public(.Triển lãm của Andrew Grassie tại Phòng trưng bày Maureen Paley có tên là 'Sắp đặt', vì nó cung cấp một cái nhìn về hậu trường về cácnghi lễ liên quan đến việc treo một triển lãm trước khi nó chính thức mở cửa cho công chúng) Q9 To achieve this, Grassie devised and followed a pre-determined strategy, namely: "Install a series of paintings at the gallery depicting last year's previous

exhibitions during their installation Each painting should hang at the very spot from which the image was taken, enabling the viewer to compare views of the space." The result is five jewel-like paintings, each one painstakingly copied from a mid-

installation photograph taken by Grassie before the opening of the previous year's