ADVANCES IN CANCER MANAGEMENT pptx

ADVANCES IN CANCER MANAGEMENT Edited by Ravinder Mohan Advances in Cancer Management Edited by Ravinder Mohan Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Masa Vidovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published January, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advances in Cancer Management, Edited by Ravinder Mohan p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-870-0 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Vitamin D and Cancer 3 Khanh vinh quốc Lương and Lan Thị Hòang Nguyễn Chapter 2 Psychogenic Carcinogenesis 17 Oleg V. Bukhtoyarov and Denis M. Samarin Chapter 3 Rectal Cancer - Staging and Surgical Approach 57 Pramateftakis Manousos-Georgios, Papadopoulos Vasileios, Michalopoulos Antonios, Spanos Konstantinos, Tepetes Konstantinos and Tsoulfas Georgios Chapter 4 Helping Patients Make Treatment Choices for Localized Prostate Cancer 93 Ravinder Mohan, Hind Beydoun and Paul Schellhammer Chapter 5 Automatic Diagnosis of Breast Tissue 103 Atef Boujelben, Hedi Tmar, Mohamed Abid and Jameleddine Mnif Chapter 6 Testosterone for the Treatment of Mammary and Prostate Cancers: Historical Perspectives and New Directions 123 Moshe Rogosnitzky and Rachel Danks Chapter 7 Emerging Imaging and Operative Techniques for Glioma Surgery 139 Claude-Edouard Chatillon and Kevin Petrecca Chapter 8 Podocalyxin in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer 155 Kelly M. McNagny, Michael R. Hughes, Marcia L. Graves, Erin J. DeBruin, Kimberly Snyder, Jane Cipollone, Michelle Turvey, Poh C. Tan, Shaun McColl and Calvin D. Roskelley VI Contents Chapter 9 Using Clinical Proteomics to Discover Novel Anti-Cancer Targets for MAb Therapeutics 195 Erin G. Worrall and Ted R. Hupp Chapter 10 MALDI-MSI and Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers 211 Rémi Longuespee, Charlotte Boyon, Olivier Kerdraon, Denis Vinatier, Isabelle Fournier, Robert Day and Michel Salzet Chapter 11 Computational Strategies in Cancer Drug Discovery 237 Gabriela Mustata Wilson and Yagmur Muftuoglu Chapter 12 Science and Affordability of Cancer Drugs and Radiotherapy in the World - Win-Win Scenarios 255 Ahmed Elzawawy Preface Cancer strikes individuals and families both unexpectedly and devastatingly. In the U.S., one in two men and one in three women will be diagnosed with a non-skin cancer. According to a 2008 report by the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research in Cancer, by 2010 cancer would have overtaken heart disease to be the number one cause of death globally with a disproportionate increase in middle- and lower income countries. Accordingly, the war on cancer is being fought on a global scale both in the laboratory and in clinical settings. This book presents advances in a wide variety of approaches to manage cancer. Some of these include the evolving understanding of how Vitamin D and cancer are related, how psychological factors contribute in the development of cancer, and present newer clinical approaches in the management of cancers of the breast, prostate, rectum, and brain. Other chapters describe novel cell surface markers to help in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers, the use of proteomics to find newer anti-cancer targets for monoclonal antibodies, newer techniques to expand the use of MALDI mass spectrometry in cancer diagnosis and treatment, and newer computational tools to find anti-cancer drugs. Finally, an author discusses how we can contain the rising cost of cancer treatments and make them more affordable to patients all over the world. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ravinder Mohan Full-time Clinical Faculty, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA [...]... nmol/L in late summer to 74 nmol/L in late winter (Barger-Lux & Heany, 2002) Similarly, a seasonal pattern has been noticed in many cancers with the highest in the winter and springs – including lung cancer, brain tumors, parathyroid tumor, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, childhood leukemia/lymphoma, monocytic leukemia, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder carcinoma, and cervical cancer In. .. explained by the pathogenetically meaningful participation of the psyche in the appearance, progression and recurrence of cancer Ignoring this understanding explains much of uncontrollability and unpredictability of the flow of the cancer process in some cancer patients, and also explains the considerable difficulties in 18 Advances in Cancer Management creating effective anti -cancer drugs The main factor... difference in the expression of the VDR, Vitamin D and Cancer 5 CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 mRNA in breast cancer and non-neoplastic mammary tissue (de Lyra et al., 2006) Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is the main transporter of vitamin D in the bloodstream DBP-macrophage activating factor (DBP-maf) is considered to be deglycosylated DBP in cancer patients causing inability to activate macrophages and a strong inhibitory... and integrin signaling in cancer J Natl Cancer Inst Vol.91, pp.1820-1828 Umbas, R; Isaacs, WB; Bringuier, PP; et al (1994) Decreased E-cadherin expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer Cancer Res Vol.54, pp.3939-3933 Wang, QM; Jones, JP; Studzinski, GP (1996) Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 as a mediator of the G1-S phase block induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin... pathways in breast cancer (Lopes et al., 2010) The VDR was strongly associated with the estrogen receptor positivity in breast carcinomas CYP27B1 expression is slightly lower in invasive carcinomas (44.6%) than in benign lesions (55.8%) In contrast, CYP24A1 expression was augmented in carcinomas (56% in in situ and 53.7% in invasive carcinomas) when compared with that in benign lesions (19%) In another... suppressor of human gastrointestinal cancer PNAS Vol.101, pp.17468-17473 16 Advances in Cancer Management Zinser, GM and Welsh, JE (2004) Accelerated mammary gland development during pregnancy and delayed postlactational involution in vitamin D3 receptor null mice Mol Endocrinol Vol.18, pp.2208-2223 van Rees, BP and Ristimaki, A (2001) Cyclooxygenase-2 in carcinogenesis of the gastrointestinal tract Scand... Br J Cancer Vol.63, pp.463-465 14 Advances in Cancer Management Reed, KR; Sansom, OJ; Hayes, AJ; et al (2004) PPARdelta status and Apc-mediated tumorigenesis in the mouse intestine Oncogene Vol.23, pp.8992-8996 Rehder, DS; Nelson, RW; Borges, CR (2009) Glycosylation status of vitamin D binding protein in cancer patients Protein Science Vol.18, No.10, pp.2036-2042 Ristimaki, A; Sivula, A; Lundin, J;... (Knight et al., 2006) Distinctions are hidden in absence at animals of the second signal system (mentality as a whole) which is the imperceptible factor interfering with an effective cancer treatment 20 Advances in Cancer Management 2.3 Stressful brain and cancer Brain – the key body providing adaptive/disadaptive reactions of an organism on stress through involving vegetative, endocrine, immune mechanisms... stimulates membrane phospho-inositide breakdown in human colon cancer cell line, causing translocation of protein kinase C to the membrane, and increasing [Ca2+]i by both releasing calcium stores and promoting calcium influx (Wali et al., 1992) Calcitriol and it analogs are potent inducers of both active and latent forms of transforming grow factor beta (TGFβ), which participates in the regulation of cell... of developing vitamin D deficiency rickets In a study Belgian postmenopausal women who participated in outdoor activities during the summer, urban inhabitants were reported to have an increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency compared with rural inhabitants (Manicourt & Devogelaer, 2008) In a cross sectional study, living in a polluted area plays a significant independent role in vitamin D deficiency . ADVANCES IN CANCER MANAGEMENT Edited by Ravinder Mohan Advances in Cancer Management Edited by Ravinder Mohan Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000. pattern has been noticed in many cancers with the highest in the winter and springs – including lung cancer, brain tumors, parathyroid tumor, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, childhood. middle- and lower income countries. Accordingly, the war on cancer is being fought on a global scale both in the laboratory and in clinical settings. This book presents advances in a wide variety