China – Europe “Silk Road”Silk Road, also called Silk Route, ancient trade route, linking China with theWest, that carried goods and ideas between the two great civilizations of Rome and
CHINA-EUROPE ‘SILK ROAD’ RAIL NETWORK
RAIL NETWORK SYSTEM
Silk Road, also called Silk Route, ancient trade route, linking China with the West, that carried goods and ideas between the two great civilizations of Rome and China Silk went westward, and wools, gold, and silver went east China also received Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism (from India) via the Silk Road
The Rail Net-work route of China's "One Belt, One Road" initiative includes the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and the "Marine Silk Road"
Figure 1-1 The Rail Net-work route of China's "One Belt, One Road"
At present, 33 cities in China have stably operated China Europe trains, and 33 cities in 12 countries have arrived in Europe China Rail Way Express Route has 4 main area: Western, Central, Eastern and South China to connect to Russia & Europe.
Since July 2017, 52 dedicated operation lines for China Europe trains have been set up Among them, there are 33 West routes (9 return routes), 5 middle routes (2 return routes) and 14 East routes (4 return routes)
2 Chengdu - Rhodes / Tilburg / Nuremberg - Chengdu
4 Wuhan - Hamburg / Duisburg / Pardubice - Wuhan
6 Yiwu - Madrid / London / Riga - Yiwu
The specific route direct from China to EU is Yiwu - Madrid / London / Riga - Yiwu : 18 - 20 days
It starts from Yiwu West Railway Station, leaves the country from Alashankou, passes through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany and France to Madrid, Spain, with a total distance of 13052 km and an operation time of about 18 days The class started on November 18, 2014, and the cargo destinations are mainly Spain, Germany, France, Italy and other countries.
It starts from Yiwu west station, leaves from Alashankou, passes through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany and France, crosses the English channel to barking station in London, UK The operation time is about 18-20 days. The train starts from January 1, 2017.
1.1.2 Overview of the railway market and multimodal transport in Vietnam and UK
Intermodal rail is being considered as a form of transport suitable for China's epidemic prevention and control conditions because there is little contact between people, and at the same time, it can transport a much larger amount of goods than road.
In 2021, Vietnam Railways Corporation (VNR) has also put into operation a new service product, which is an international container train that runs directly to Europe Figures from the Vietnam Railways Corporation show that In the first quarter of 2022, international freight traffic increased by 40% compared to the same period in 2021.
In 2021, Vietnam's export turnover with the UK witnessed a significant surge of 17.2% to reach $6.6 billion, driven by a notable 16.4% increase in exports to $5.8 billion The import value also experienced a substantial 23.6% growth to reach $849 million These positive trends reflect the growing trade relationship between Vietnam and the UK.
Railway (VNR) train carrying commodities departs from Kep station on February
18 morning en route to China’s Pingxiang station.
Infrastructure: On March 16, at Trang Bom station took place to welcome the first train from Son Dong (China) to Dong Nai On the Chinese side, Mr Xu Meng, General Director of Shandong Hi-Speed Qilu Eurasia Railway Co., Ltd (Shandong train manager) informed that since the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) was implemented in January 1 .2022, trade between China and 10 ASEAN countries and the four member countries has become closer Central Europe Railway has opened new routes from Shandong to Hanoi (Vietnam); Vientiane, Luang Prabang (Laos)…
In the first 4 months of 2022, the import-export turnover between the two countries reached nearly 2 billion USD, 169 million USD, a slight increase of 2%, of which exports reached 1 billion USD 936 million, up 2.6%, import reached 232.
$9 million, down 2.8% Accordingly, Vietnam's products with high export growth to the UK are coffee, electric wires and cables; rubber; confectionery and cereal products; and products; pepper and textiles Items to reduce export proportion are rubber products; steels; phones and accessories; paper and paper products; other machinery, equipment, tools and spare parts; plastic products.
The international rail freight route from Vietnam to European countries, especially the United Kingdom, has had a remarkable growth rate Representatives of railway logistics enterprises said that from mid-2021 to 2022, goods on this route sometimes increased by 200% over the same period.
After nearly 50 years of establishing diplomatic relations, the strategic partnership between Vietnam and the UK has continuously grown and developed positively Currently, the UK has become the 3rd largest trading partner of Vietnam in Europe and the 9th partner of Vietnam to the world.
Currently, in Vietnam, the use of coordinated transport modes for freight forwarding in multimodal transport activities is described in the diagram below.
Road transport combined with railway (2R)
The model of road transport using highly flexible vehicles, which are cars, combined with railways, using trains with large loads (Road - Rail): This is a combination of mobility With the safety, speed and large load of iron transport, the 2R model is currently being used a lot in Vietnam:
In this method, the transport businessmen pack the goods in trailers that are brought back to the station by cars through trailers called tractors.
Upon arrival at the loading station, semi-trailers are efficiently loaded onto rail cars for transportation to the destination station At the designated offloading point, tractors are utilized to unload the trailers from the rail cars Subsequently, dedicated auto transport services deliver the trailers to their final destinations, ensuring safe and timely delivery of valuable cargo.
Road transport combined with air (R-A)
Introduce about CHINA-EUROPE ‘SILK ROAD’ RAIL NETWORK 16 1 Sea route
Goods will be transported to Hai Phong port, from Hai Phong port through the Gulf of Tonkin and the East Sea to Ningbo port From there, the goods will be transported by road or rail to the port of Yiwu, located in Zhejiang province, China.
It starts from Yiwu West Railway Station, leaves the country from Alashankou, passes through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany and France to Madrid, Spain, with a total distance of 13052 km and an operation time of about 18 days It is possible to travel by air, sea, road and rail to London depending on the customer's choice
Time: From Hai Phong port to Ningbo port takes about 2-4 days, continue to transport goods by road or rail from Ningbo port to Yiwu port about 1 day Will eventually move from Yiwu West Railway station directly to london in about 18 days.
In summary, the total shipping time from Hanoi to London, UK takes about 21-23 days, in addition, it depends on many factors such as loading and unloading time, frequency and duration of the shipping lines trains and flights, customs clearance time and other factors.
Connection: The sea route from Hai Phong to Ningbo is one of the most important sea routes between Vietnam and China, providing many benefits for the transport of goods between countries, especially in the field of import and export. Logistics and transportation companies choose this route to transport their goods because it is a very reliable and time-saving route.
● Full name: Port of Felixstowe
● Address: Tomline House The Dock, Felixstowe IP11 3SY, United Kingdom.
● The Port of Felixstowe is Britain’s biggest and busiest container port, and one of the largest in Europe.
● The port handles more than 4 million TEUs (Twenty-foot Equivalent Units) and welcomes approximately 2,000 ships each year, including the largest container vessels afloat today – crucially, the port provides some of the deepest water close to the open sea of any European port Around 17 shipping lines operate from Felixstowe, offering 33 services to and from over
● Together with its unrivalled rail and road links connecting the port to distribution hubs in the Midlands and elsewhere in the UK, Felixstowe plays a pivotal role in keeping the UK’s trade moving, and delivers real benefits to customers, the community and the industry.
There are four carriers that they specializes in making shipments for this route:
Figure 2-3 Carriers via shipping line
We can choose the most available carrier flexibly according to the customer's time
Transit time of two ways by sea is around 34 - 37 days.
2.2.1.3 The process of exporting goods by sea:
Procedure for shipment consigned by Sea
Step 1: OOCL sends a booking request to the Shipping line along with a request for an empty Container from the Shipping line.
Step 2: After receiving the Booking Confirmation from the Shipping line, the
OOCL booked a container truck to take the container back to the company's warehouse for packing.
Step 3: Hiring a truck to transport packaged goods from the customer’s warehouse to our warehouse Then proceed to transfer the goods from the truck to the container.
Prepare the following documents for customs declaration and customs procedures for the import and export of goods:
+ Foreign trade contract (Sale Contract)
+ Booking Note: to get information about ship name, number of trips, port of departure
+ Confirmation of container has been unloaded at the port: to get the number of containers, number of seals
Based on the information contained in the above documents, we proceed to the electronic customs software and enter the necessary information, and also the customs declaration.
Customs clearance for the import and export of goods
After the forwarder of the importer paying tax and the declaration is cleared, print the barcode here Fill in the required information, you will receive a PDF file.
Submit the barcode + customs clearance declaration to the supervising customs at least 2 sets Customs will stamp the barcode and return 1 set to the company, the rest will be kept by customs.
Step 5: Organizing the Transportation of Goods to the Warehouse of the customer by truck:
After the liquidation is complete, go to the port business office and bring the D/O (Still due) to pay for printing the container lifting slip (EIR slip) Give the driver several documents, including the EIR, D/O, and the container loan document to a private warehouse, so that the driver can submit them to customs for port supervision and then drive the container out of the port and to the Warehouse of the customer.
Prior to loading the container onto the truck, the driver collaborates with the port dispatcher to thoroughly inspect the container's condition If damage is discovered, the dispatcher initiates a request for confirmation from the container dispatcher on the EIR sheet This meticulous inspection is crucial to prevent incurring unnecessary repair costs for the container in the future.
Figure 2-4 Price of Sea-Sea route
There are more than 84 airlines operating at this airport and connecting London with more than 203 other destinations worldwide.
On average, in the past 5 years, Heathrow International Airport has served about 78 million passengers per year In 2019 alone, the number of visitors reached a record of 80,884,310 With such capacity, this is the busiest airport in the UK as well as in Europe and holds the 7th position worldwide in terms of passengers. Airport operations have created jobs, improved the lives of tens of thousands of people and contributed significantly to the UK's economy.
Figure 2-5 Direct flow of Air-Air route
After the goods are brought to the departure airport, the exporting enterprise will prepare a set of documents to send to the airline to carry out export customs procedures The exporting party can do the customs declaration work by itself or can use the customs declaration service of OOCL Logistics to do it before the departure time of the plane At the same time, the exporter must perform other operations such as Apply for an export license, Fumigation or Quarantine for the shipment (if necessary).
Documents to export need to be prepared to give to Agent including: Export license
In this case there will be 2 cases:
Case 1: For ordinary goods or services and with the permission of the authorities, the goods will not have to apply for an export license.
Case 2: For goods subject to special management, an export license will be required Items subject to special management can be mentioned such as: Western medicine, seeds, wood, antiques, explosives,
Applying for an export license is very important and also takes a lot of time. Therefore, exporters need to pay attention to this issue.
After completing export customs procedures, the shipment is issued MAWB by the airline, HAWB is issued by the forwarder and enclosed with the original AWB No 2 and the set of documents required by the importer according to the shipment The original AWB No 3 is returned to the shipper along with the notice of related charges and fees (if any).
Step 5: Send documents (if needed)
In air freight, 1 copy of the original AWB has been sent with the shipment to the destination airport and the importer does not need to present the original AWB to receive the goods Therefore, the exporter is not required to send a separate set of documents to the importer, but can let the set of documents accompany the original AWB and be transported with the shipment.
Step 6: Receive the voucher in advance by email
After the shipment with the set of documents has been transported, the exporter usually emailed the scanned copy of the original AWB No 3 that they received along with the scanned copy of all other documents for the importer to take the initiative in handling the goods Prepare import customs formalities.
PHYSICAL FLOWS FROM HO CHI MINH TO LONDON
PROCESS OF RISK MANAGEMENT
Various risks exist in the shipping industry.
Shipping risk can be classified into four categories: strategic risk, financial risk, operation (industrial) risk, and traditional risk Strategic risks arise from geo - economic risks and technological advances
In addition, low-cost financing for securing ships and abundant cash funds for operating expenses are directly related to the survival of shipping companies. Operational (industrial) risks include macroeconomic environmental changes affecting changes in the shipping industry (market), IT systems, terrorism, and piracy, securing skilled sailors, and environmental regulations on international ships.
Finally, traditional risks in the shipping industry include natural disasters, technical defects, and human errors that account for most of the causes of maritime accidents.
What are the ways to effectively manage shipping risks?
The need to preemptively respond in the carbon neutralization of the shipping industry
Among the operational (industrial) risks, environmental regulations on ships are expected to have the greatest impact on future shipping companies The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been considering various agreements to tighten air pollution regulations on ships to reduce greenhouse gases due to climate change Starting with strengthening regulations on nitrogen oxides
Vận chuyển hàng hóa bằng đường sắt (2020, February 21) Kỹ Năng Xuất Nhập
Khẩu https://kynangxuatnhapkhau.vn/van-chuyen-hang-hoa-bang-duong-sat/
HO CHI MINH (CAT LAI) to NINGBO Shipping Services / ShipsGo (n.d.) HO
CHI MINH (CAT LAI) to NINGBO Shipping Services / ShipsGo https://shipsgo.com/service-finder/ho-chi-minh-cat-lai-to-ningbo
Bộ chứng từ xuất nhập khẩu thực tế full pdf - Saigon Academy (n.d.) Saigon
Academy https://hocxuatnhapkhau247.com/bo-chung-tu-xuat-nhap-khau-pdf/
Sân bay Heathrow và những thông tin du lịch hữu ích (n.d.) Sân Bay Heathrow Và
Những Thông Tin Du Lịch Hữu Ích - BestPrice https://www.bestprice.vn/blog/diem-den-8/san-bay-heathrow-1119.html
Sân bay Tân Sơn Nhất (TP Hồ Chí Minh) ở đâu, di chuyển thế nào? (n.d.) Sân Bay
Tân Sơn Nhất (TP Hồ Chí Minh) Ở Đâu, Di Chuyển Thế Nào? - BestPrice https://www.bestprice.vn/blog/diem-den-8/san-bay-quoc-te-tan-son-nhat-113.html
Direct flights from Ho Chi Minh City (SGN) - FlightConnections (2018, November
25) Direct Flights From Ho Chi Minh City (SGN) - FlightConnections https://www.flightconnections.com/flights-from-ho-chi-minh-city-sgn
Cổ phần Logistics U&I, C T (n.d.) Quy trình 10 bước vận chuyển hàng không: Có thực sự đầy đủ? unilogistics.vn https://www.unilogistics.vn/vi/kien-thuc/quy-trinh-
10-buoc-van-chuyen-hang-khong-co-thuc-su-day-du-1025
Quá trình giao nhận hàng hóa xuất nhập khẩu đường hàng không thường được thực hiện theo một quy trình gồm 9 bước: 1) Ký hợp đồng giao nhận hàng hóa; 2) Làm thủ tục hải quan; 3) Đóng gói hàng hóa; 4) Đặt chỗ vận chuyển; 5) Vận chuyển hàng hóa đến sân bay; 6) Làm thủ tục hàng không; 7) Xếp hàng lên máy bay; 8) Vận chuyển hàng hóa đến nơi đến; 9) Làm thủ tục thông quan tại nơi đến Việc tuân thủ nghiêm ngặt quy trình này giúp đảm bảo sự an toàn, hiệu quả và hợp pháp của hoạt động giao nhận hàng hóa xuất nhập khẩu.
Bảng giá gửi hàng đi Anh - Sải Cánh Express | Công ty gửi hàng chuyển phát nhanh Quốc Tế (2020, July 17) Sải Cánh Express | Công Ty Gửi Hàng Chuyển
Phát Nhanh Quốc Tế https://saicanhexpress.com/bang-gia-gui-hang-di-anh.html
Logistics, V (2021, July 6) Bảng giá cước vận tải vận chuyển hàng hóa bằng đường hàng không quốc tế và nội địa mới nhất VNT Logistics https://vntlogistics.com/bang-gia-cuoc-van-chuyen-hang-hoa-bang-duong-hang- khong-quoc-te/