Globalization and Responsibility pdf

GLOBALIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY Edited by Zlatan De lić Globalization and Responsibility Edited by Zlatan Delić Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Anja Filipovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published June, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Globalization and Responsibility, Edited by Zlatan Delić p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0655-5 Contents Preface VII Chapter 1 The Consequences of Globalization and Responsibilities: Challenges of Sustaining Development 1 Zlatan Delić Chapter 2 Developing Educational Practices in the Globalized World 47 Maura Striano Chapter 3 Strengthening the ‘Social’ in Sustainable Development: Finding the Impact of Social Sustainability in Business Performance of Hospitality Sector of Pakistan 71 Khuram Shehzad Bukhari, M. Ishaq Bhati, Hayat Muhammad Awan and Amna Wahid Chapter 4 Globalization and Human Development: The Experience of Cuba 91 Miguel Márquez, Blanca Munster Infante and Camilo Márquez Cerezo Chapter 5 How Third World Countries Can Take Advantage of Globalization – A Mexican Experience in Learning and Research 113 Jaime Jiménez Chapter 6 The Stakes of Globalization in the Field of Health: The Tolerance in Self-Regulatory Ethics Perspective, a Solution for Health Professionals for the Management of All Differences 127 Antoine L. Ntetu and Marc Jean Chapter 7 Globalization, Democracy, and Government Spending in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel Data 137 Samuel Adams and Daniel Sakyi Chapter 8 Globalization and Chagas Disease 153 João Carlos Pinto Dias and José Rodrigues Coura Preface Globalization is perhaps only another name to replace the lacking one for what is happening to (with) us humans in the name of techno-bureaucratic, commercial, violent, amusing, consumerist process of creating a so-called global society of knowledge and skills. "Globalization offers both a theory of everything and an explanation of nothing" - suggests J. Annesley in Fictions of Globalization (2006). However, daily deaths of children as a result of hunger, disease and malnutrition on a massive scale in Africa, and elsewhere, is not fiction. "Being is, and not being also is" – those are the words of a French sociologist, philosopher, and forensic media communication theorist, Jean Baudrillard – which he used to describe what is happening before our eyes. Globalization threatens to undo the last remnants of humanity in us, and it's not just a matter of semantics or importance of humanity. This book is the result of good intellectual energies. It gives a contribution to ongoing debates about the negative consequences of globalization. In different ways, it implies that the experience of globalization is not identical but different. Many critics have already indicated that it is necessary to expand further the socio-epistemological critique of the following: linguist essentialism, the culture of commercialization, consumerism, seduction and market fundamentalism. The concept of the so-called knowledge economy, as well as the overall process of commercialization of knowledge, is not scientifically legitimate for many scientists. Mostly, because it is closely associated with social dominance, with the symbolic and actual violence, or with the ruling, seductive, and often misleading discourse on the creation of global knowledge society and skills. Major parts of modern science, with the new knowledge and success based economy on head, have become overly commercialized. Many commercial projects of the so- called development are often irresponsible to people, nations, regions and indigenous communities who would like to live peacefully in their own country and work their own land. We do not believe that there is only one model of economy and technology based on the knowledge upon which it would be possible to easily apply the global knowledge society in all the regions and at all sites. VIII Preface Therefore, in future research it is necessary to encourage emancipative, de-centered and socially responsible discourses and trans-disciplinary scientific research that includes scientists of different directions, orientations and preoccupations. It is necessary to encourage new opportunities for responsible methodical doubt on all dogmatic, privileged, aggressive, colonizing conceptions of knowledge. It takes dehierarchized, anti-hegemonic, sentimental, therapeutic, local and regional stories. It takes "microhistory" (Luis Gonzalez) that undermines and brings into question the master language (e.g. in the form of new knowledge economy.) A recent historian, Stephen Greenblatt, argued that the original crime of the "new world" was committed in the name of the language (Stephen Grenblatt, Learing to Curse: Essays in Early Modern Culture (New York and London: Routledge, 1992, 16-39). The chapters in this book offer a decentered and dynamic terminology. They show that globalization consists of not only an objective process, but also of a lot of statements that define, describe and analyze the different experiences of the process. The chapters are written by authors and researchers from different academic disciplines, cultures and social contexts, therefore different experiences and scientific analyses on the consequences of globalization have been unified, starting from the multicultural and social epistemology to ethics of responsibility. An open, pluralistic, trans-cultural and interdisciplinary approach to focal problems of today has been tried out. Therefore, both qualitative and quantitative methodologies have been combined, both the positivist and post-positivist, and also postcolonial. In various ways it is shown that our knowledge is socially conditioned and inscribed into the body of language. The list of researched and analyzed problems can be read in a different order, and the same applies for chapters themselves. Each chapter can be read separately, but in a complex, interconnected global universe of intertextuality of our world. The increase in social inequality, structural and chronic poverty, long-term unemployment, sustainable development, education, health, social responsibility, the deficit of democracy, etc. - are just some of the globally significant and far-reaching issues that the authors of this book have touched upon. To all of them, I owe enormous gratitude. I give my thanks to InTech for a very good and open cooperation. I owe special thanks to Anja Filipovic. As a Publishing Process Manager, she has helped in the process of making this book. Zlatan Delić University of Tuzla Bosnia and Herzegovina [...]... globalization contributed 8 Globalization and Responsibility to the spread of essentialist, monistic and internist methods and procedures of knowledge The economic dimension of globalization, determines all the other dimensions, especially by emphasizing the commercial picture of globalization Such a picture mostly suited multinational companies, or interests of a handful of individuals They get (and. .. interests of a handful of individuals They get (and use) an opportunity to usurp and almost infinitely expand its social, cultural and political power Commercial picture of globalization is, in essence, one-dimensional and reductional It encourages consumerism, infantilism and social irresponsibility, and enables the formation and cultural reproduction of one-dimensional structure of personality Therefore,... new genocidal plans and projects, and lead to new ventures and new ethnic cleansing genocides The responsibility of intellectuals, journalists, media, citizens and world democratic era of globalization is vast The commercial media has been filled with emotional and social intelligence of children and adults as well as frequent advertisements which are constantly displaying quick and moveable images... and communism Globalization has linked the goals and means, and it is often that means determine goals There is battle against the negative consequences of globalization because the man has become a mere tool of corporate interests and goals of capitalist globalization The statement on the inevitability of globalization depoliticizes public discourse on globalization The ideologues of globalization. .. multiple identities and thus opt for the relative importance of our various connections and relationships in all contexts Hope for harmony in the contemporary world lies in understanding the diversity of human identity The socalled developed societies produce too much noise and cause our senses to be numb Such 20 Globalization and Responsibility societies are obsessed with conformity and irresponsibility... in the consolidation of the concepts, methods and records that would identify and assess globalization" (Jan Aart Scholte, 2005) - the consequences of globalization We must recognize disparate human experiences of globalization We tend to focus on the negative consequences of globalization, the ones that upset most people Globalization is also a symbolic and socially constructed power of appointing,... different epistemologies and different methodologies of globalization Discursive analysis of globalization can be a useful methodological procedure, if combined with other qualitative and quantitative methods It is a form of a meta-theoretical, mostly textual analysis, which examines and analyzes the existing approaches, definitions and descriptions of globalization Discourse analysts and other scientists... constructing a so-called scientific "views on objectivity" (Hegel) What seems to be the problem and the biggest misunderstanding in different discourses on globalization? Global politics of appointments carried out in the signifier of the globalization discourse, wants to impose a black -and- white, 12 Globalization and Responsibility bipolar, murderous global perspective on the identity of the world, everywhere... the research: "The extreme right wing talks about the problems of globalization and mondialisation, and then focuses on the problem of migrants, who themselves are the victims of globalization, rather than its cause Dissatisfaction should 26 Globalization and Responsibility be re-directed to the real causes of the problem: large companies and mere search for profits, a behavior that destroys human communities... spheres) and it is a part of the overall social system This order has its own rules and its own logic that dictates, and reproduced again and again the reality that we are talking about In this sense, critical discourse analysis of globalization reveals a remarkable power and consequences of the appointment, because the way we name things, dictates the meaning that we are to ascribe to phenomena and how . Guattari), and that all concepts are processed in people's hearts and minds. Thus, the definitions and concepts change over time and space. The terms may be Globalization and Responsibility. neoliberal globalization contributed Globalization and Responsibility 8 to the spread of essentialist, monistic and internist methods and procedures of knowledge. The economic dimension of globalization, . rich and the poor. Poverty is a global and regional problem. Poverty is a problem of many communities. The world risk society (Beck, Globalization and Responsibility 4 Ulrich, 2007) and