Grammar and vocabulary in ielts autorecovered repaired repaired

Outstanding online advertising Convey powerful messages Aim to boost women self-esteem and promote social campaigns Inspire people to engage in charitable activities or initiatives Helpi

Athletes and qualities:

Possess a combination of physical strength, patience, diligence and determination

Physical strength: perform at a high level

Sports: demand various levels of physical endurance and prowess

Patience and diligence: for consistent training and improvement

Innate abilities: a head start

Exceptional natural talent

Relentless practice and effort

Historic preservation:

Historic sites and buildings

Boost tourism industry

Contribute to local economies

Explore the cultural heritage

Increased tourism revenue

Business opportunities

Local communities

Renovate historic buildings with modern functions -> strike a balance -> preserve heritage + promote economic growth

Serve both cultural and commercial purposes

Foster a sense of identity and pride among citizens

Allocate funds for restoration projects

Implement preservation initiatives

Maintain the integrity of historical landmarks for future generations to appreciate and cherish

Studying and exercising:

The feelings of tiredness

Mental exhaustion

Engage in intensive studying -> experience mental fatigue -> drained + stressed

Engaging in physical activities: a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, accompanied by the release

of endorphins

Address the issue of older individuals

Maintain a healthy lifestyle

Regular physical activity

Appropriate for their age and health conditions

Ensure adequate rest and sleep -> recharge their bodies and minds

A sense of purpose and vitality

Proficiency in = good at = master = skilful

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Compelling reasons

Career opportunities = ( open up a wide range of) career prospects = career growth

There are various/compelling reasons = … is attributed to adj reasons

Career opportunities = ( open up a wide range of) career prospects = career growth = career advancement

Need = demand

Is typically involved = is typically characterized

At a young age = during early childhood

Vary greatly/ widely/ significantly

Artistic ability; artistic styles; artistic expressions; artistic growth

Hone/refine the ability/skills

Aptitude; natural talent

Structured learning

Social media platforms; art exhibitions; online galleries

Local/ international/ Global audience

Artistic communities and forums

Natural/open/ colorful outdoor space

disdain: dislike of someone or something that you feel does not deserve your interest or respect: khinh bỉ

Despise: to feel a strong dislike for someone or something because you think that that person or thing is bad or has no value:

The two groups despise each other.

despise someone/yourself for something She despised him for the way he treated her sister.

Navigate/cope with changes/ challenges

Are known for = are characterized by

Historical cities = historical sites

Maintain city’s identity/heritage

Perverse cultural and historical value/significance

Artistic/architectural/historical value

Future generations; appreciate

Unique and aesthetically pleasing structures

Combine historical charm with modern functionality

Luminance: độ chói

Prowess: lòng dũng cảm, sự tinh thông

Sustenance: chất bổ; thức ăn thức uống

Service:

High-quality services >< poor services

Maintain professionalism

Employee training programs

Address customers concerns promptly

Service providers

Rectify the issues

Customers are treated rudely and disrespectfully

Consumer protection agencies

Hold services providers accountable

Necessary skills and knowledge to provide high-quality services

Excel in their roles

Deliver good service

Service quality

Establish clear service standards

Talents:

Showcase the abilities

Identify the talents

Sports: football

Has a massive following among the population

Football matches and events

Draw large crowds and avid enthusiasts

Gain significant media coverage

Source of national pride

International tournaments and competitions

Advertisements:

Tracking technologies

Monitor user’s behaviors and preferences

Privacy issues -> frustrating; annoying or uncomfortable

The sheer volume of online ads can be overwhelming and intrusive

Pop-up ads; auto-playing videos; banner ads = online ads: có thể coi như từ đồng nghĩa dùng thay thế thay vì nói online advertising nhìu

Businesses: help reach the target audience and promote their products and services effectively Positive impacts of online advertising:

Outstanding online advertising

Convey powerful messages

Aim to boost women self-esteem and promote social campaigns

Inspire people to engage in charitable activities or initiatives

(Helping impoverished individuals)

Use ad-blockers

Useless and annoying advertisements

Create compelling and informative content to capture audience’s attention

Some advertising still goes unnoticed and unappreciated if it fails to align with consumer’s preferences and interests

Happinesses and buying things:

Personal care items

Daily necessities

Technology devices; sport equipments: books; musical instruments

Provide a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment -> represent a reward for one’s efforts or a way to treat oneself

-> satisfy desires or improve quality of life

-> enhance convenience, comfort or enjoyment

Monitor and limit video game usage to ensure a healthy balance

Valuable experiences and relationships that shapes our lives

Life events

Precious = valuable

Regular physical exercise, a balanced diet and adequate sleep

Maintain optimal brain function

Mental exercises: puzzles; crosswords -> keep the mind sharp

Social interaction = strong social networks

Staying mentally active and continually learning -> acquire new language -> enhance memories -> reduce the risks of conditions like Alzheimer’s

disease

Have a heightened emotional response to certain events

Make memories vivid and long-lasting

Traumatic or highly emotional events -> be more memorable

Cognitive abilities, including attention and perception -> affect memory formation during childhood

Harmonious and compassionate society

Stands out as a foundational quality -> virtuous behavior

Embody the essence of empathy, benevolence (lòng nhân từ), and goodwill towards others

-> guiding princple -> moral action and social responsibilities

Movies:

Diverse array of movies: blockbuster action films; romantic comedies; thought-provoking dramas The appeal of contemporary movies lies in incorporation of dynamic visuals, intricate plots, and compelling characters

The anticipation of unexpected twists and turns

Anticipate unfolding story lines

A more relaxed viewing experience

Watch at the cinema:

offer a communal atmosphere

larger than life: more obvious than usual

His superhuman strength gives the story a larger-than-life quality, like a fable.

Immerse in the larger-than-life visuals and shared excitement of the theatrical environment

Nature:

Seek solace in nature during times of stress

In need of rejuvenation

Provide a therapeutic retreat

The tranquil settings of parks, gardens and natural landscapes

Offer moments of introspection, relaxation and connection with the environment

Restore a sense of balance

Navigation system: GPS

Enhance road safety and efficiency

These systems provide turn-by-turn directions, traffic updates and points of interest

Voice-guided instructions: navigate unfamiliar roads confidently

Reach destinations with ease

Locate points of interests or landmarks

Do not rely on electronic devices or internet connectivity -> accessible in remote areas or during

emergencies -> digital solutions -> unavailable

Foster spatial literacy+ geographical understanding

Learn map: gain insights -> demographics, infrastructure, cultural landscape -> deepen appreciation and knowledge (of diverse regions)

Team and collaboration:

Understanding strengths and communication styles -> foster collaboration and synergy within a team Appreciate perspectives

Build cohesive relationships based on mutual respect and understanding

* Good leaders: decisive decision-making, effective communication, and strong coordination skills -> empower team members

Allocate tasks based on strengths and weaknesses

Inspire trust

Cultivate a positive and supportive environment

* Without effective leadership: struggle to align goals, resolve conflicts, execute tasks effectively

The Absence of clear direction and guidance: confusion, frustration and disengagement among team members

-> hinder productivity + stifle innovation

A lack of good leadership: undermine morale + cohesion -> impede ability to achieve objectives and fulfill potentials

Challenges: communication barriers, conflicting priorities, unequal contributions

* Working independently

Personal work styles, preferences

Introverted personalities: find large group setting -> overwhelming -> more productive and comfortable working alone

Young people: fresh perspectives, energy, adaptability to team, effective teamwork

Value inclusivity and collective success

Noise-free places:

Places: parks, libraries, contemplation centers, -> ideally be noise-free -> for relaxation and

contemplation -> mental clarity and emotional well-being

Appreciate the serenity and beauty of nature

Respect for worshippers engaging in prayer (cầu nguyện)

Maintain a quiet and reverent atmosphere -> honor spiritual significance

A place of worship and contemplation

Social responsibility in daily interactions -> giving up seat for pregnant women, the elderly, individuals with disabilities on public transportation (bus)

-> foster harmony, empathy and mutual respect among citizens -> contribute to a cohesive and

A sense of self-worth

Motivation to pursue their aspirations

Provide guidance and emotional support

Navigate the challenges with courage and determination

Nurture their interests

Explore the potential

Express themselves in safe and support environment

Foster open communication, active listening

Create a non-judgmental space where children feel heard, valued

Voice their thoughts, concerns or feelings freely

Getting lost and maps:

Utilize smartphones and digital mapping applications like GG maps

-> these tools offer real-time navigation assistance

Pinpoint location, explore routes

Find directions to desired destination

Seeking assistance from locals and passersby

Navigate unfamiliar surroundings

* Paper maps: Require electronic devices and internet connectivity

offer comprehensive view of geographical religions

* digital maps: features: real-time updates, route optimization

-> convenient navigation tools -> depend on battery life and internet access

Urban migration

Communication:

Face-to-face interactions: non-verbal cues: facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice -> understand emotions and build rapport -> a sense of connection and intimacy -> deeper conversations and shared experiences

Fear of public speaking

Performance anxiety

The pressure to convey information effectively

Susceptible to the feelings of anxiety and self-doubt

Stage fright

* Body language: subconscious signals and emotions

Non verbal cues: gestures, postures, eye contact

-> insights into attitude, intention, emotional state

AI:

Revolutionize the workplace by streamlining processes, automating tasks, enhancing efficiency

AI algorithms: tack complex tasks: data analysis, customer service, and logistics -> greater speed and accuracy

 Collaboration between human and machine

Career:

Several crucial factors: strengths, passions, work-life balance, growth opportunities, cultural fit

 Long-term career fulfilment and success

Hisstorical places:

Sam Son Beach has been a popular vacation spot for centuries, known for its beautiful sandy shores and clear blue waters During the French colonial period, Sam Son Beach was developed as a resort

destination and became a favored retreat for French officials and aristocrats.

Iconic historical landmarks in the world: the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids of Egypt

Attract visitors from around the world seeking to learn about the country’s history and resilience

*Personal events: associated with strong emotions, significant milestones, and meaningful experiences Graduations, birthdays, weddings, overcom challenges

 Identities and narratives

Nostalgia for bygone eras

A deeper connection between past events and contemporary society

Inform identities and perspectives

Historical films:

Captivating visual narrative: brings historical events and figures to life

Through storytelling and immersive performances: provide insights into the triumphs, struggles and sacrifices of past generations

Often incorporate: elements of drama, human emotion

*Other ways of learning history: reading scholarly texts, visiting museums, engaging in discussions -> more nuanced understanding of historical events and contexts

*Learn from the past: insights social trends and the consequences of actions

Avoid repeat mistakes

Appreciate cultural diversity

Cultivate understanding and empathy towards others

Punctuality: a sign of respect and consideration

Disrupt plans

Send a message of disregard

Habitual tardiness (muộn) -> disciplinary measures: warning, deduction in pay -> maintain workplace standard and accountability

Accountability # responsibily?

Prioritize time management and planning

Setting alarms, organizing belongings the night before, estimating travel time -> prevent last-minute rushes

Prioritize timeliness (đúng lúc, hợp thời)

OUTAGE

a period when a service, such as electricity, is not available: mất điện

The radio news reported power outages affecting 50 homes.

expecting a fall in prices:Add

The overall oil price outlook is expected to remain bearish.

STUBBYshort and thick:

He had rather unattractive, stubby fingers.

mập mạp

SIFTdistinguish and separate out: sàng lọc

sift through the job candidates

to make a close examination of something: nghiên cứu tỉ mỉ

The police are carefully sifting the evidence.

CHRONICLING

biên niên sử

ghi chép những biến cố

The animals have an extraordinary story to tell they carry a record of hundreds of millions of years of geological history, chronicling the journeys that continents have made around the Earth.

great stretches of water những vùng nước rộng lớn.

What mite harvestmen lack in mobility, they make up in age Những người thu hoạch mạt thiếu khả năng di chuyển, họ bù đắp bằng tuổi tác.

MUTATEđột biến, biến chuyển

By calculating how quickly the DNA mutated, the scientists could est imate when lineages branched off Bằng cách tính toán tốc độ đột biến của DNA, các nhà khoa học có thể ước tính thời điểm dòng dõi phân nhánh.

weldjoin metal

to join two pieces of metal together permanently by melting the parts that touch:

Iron spikes have been welded (on) to the railings around the embassy.

join people

to make separate people into a group who can work together successfully:

He is a born leader, who welded a collection of gifted individualists into a real team.

Florida started out welded to West Africa near Segenal. North Ameri

ca than collied into them Pangea was formingFlorida bắt đầu gắn liền với Tây Phi gần Senegal Bắc Mỹ va chạm với họ Pangea đang hình thành

churning out transactionsthực hiện các giao dịch

"The tenor of the times" refers to the prevailing characteristics, attitudes, or mood

of a particular period in history nguyên tắc của thời đại

PULLto take something out of or away from a place, esp using physical effort:

M The dentist had to pull two of my teeth out.

Three years later, United decided employee opposition was undermining its success and pulled the campaign Ba năm sau, United cho rằng sự phản đối của nhân viên đang làm suy yếu thành công của họ và hủy bỏ chiến dịch.

to attract a person or people:

She was able to pull more votes than the other candidates.

sự kéo

SPARINGLYmột cách tiết kiệm

waffle ironkhuôn làm bánh quế

When a beleaguered British Rail launched a campaign announcing s ervice improvement under the banner "We're Getting There

STAMPa particular quality in something or someone, or a quality in

something that shows it was done by a particular person or group of people:

Although this painting clearly bears the stamp of genius, we don't know who painted it Alfred Binet got the job of devising selection principles and his brilliant solution put a stamp on the study of intelligence Alfred Binet nhận được công việc nghĩ ra các nguyên tắc lựa chọn và giải pháp tuyệt vời của ông đã đặt dấu ấn cho việc nghiên cứu trí thông minh

EARMARKto intend something for a particular purpose:Add

Ten thousand dollars of this year’s budget is earmarked for the renovation of the building.

he term IQ was coined by Lewis M. Terman, thuật ngữ IQ được đặt ra bởi Lewis M Terman

COALESCEto combine into a single group or thing: kết lạiAdd

The theory is that galaxies coalesced from smaller groupings of stars.

An enlisted man/woman is a member of the armed forces who is not an officer.

psychometricstâm lý học

INDUCTEESsomeone who is drafted into military service

người được giới thiệu

PLAGUEto cause someone or something difficulty or suffering, esp repeatedly or continually:

Add

Financial problems have been plaguing the company.

firm, final, and complete; not to be questioned or changed:

There is no definitive scientific evidence that coffee is harmful.

a secret or hidden store of things, or the place where they are kept:

Authorities believe the robber was after a hidden cache of $2,500 kept in a box under the counter.

roveto move, travel, or look around an area, especially a large one:

His eye/gaze roved hungrily about the room.

They were daring blue-water adventurers who roved the sea not just as explorers but also as pioneers, 

UNDERGIRD củng cố

to support something by forming a strong base for it:

These are the four major theories that undergird criminal law.

She thrust the money into his hand.

instead it was imported from a large island in Papua New Guinea’s Bismarck Archipelago, the springboard for the Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific thay vào đó nó được nhập khẩu từ một hòn đảo lớn ở Quần đảo Bismarck của Papua New Guinea, bàn đạp cho cuộc tấn công của Lapita vào Thái Bình Dương.

ENSHRINEDto contain or keep in a place that is highly admired and respected:

“It would be hard for anyone to argue that these aren’t Lapita when you have human

bones enshrined inside what is unmistakably a Lapita urn.”

RIGGINGthe ropes that support and control a ship's sails

trang bị,

No one has found one of their canoes or any rigging,

SEGUEto move easily and without interruption from one piece of music, part of a story, subject, or situation to another: chuyển thành

His performance of "Caroline" segued into a cover version of "My Tears".

Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they segue into myth long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.

pressing on day after day into the great blue void of the Pacific ngày này qua ngày khác nhấn vào khoảng trống xanh thẳm của Thái Bình Dương.

skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land:

những người đi biển có tay nghề cao sẽ phát hiện ra nhiều manh mối

để đi vào đất liền:

 Even less spectacular eruptions would have sent plumes of smoke billowing into the stratosphere and rained ash for hundreds of miles.

 but he was as tall as a modern 15-year-old Susan Anton of New York University points to research

by Margaret Clegg nhưng anh ấy cao bằng một đứa trẻ 15 tuổi hiện đại Susan Anton của Đại học New York chỉ ra nghiên cứu của Margaret Clegg

LOCOMOTIONthe ability to move; movement

sự vận động,

ENAMELa substance made from glass that is used to decorate or protect clay, metal, and glass objects, or an object covered with this substance:Add men (đồ sứ, răng); lớp men

U The enamel on the sink was chipped.

Every nine days or so the growing teeth of both apes and humans acquire ridges on their enamel surface.

lòng tự ái

narcissism, autism, self-respect

MYSTIFIED

bối rối

HEMIPLEGICSngười bị liệt nửa người

phân bố các thần kinh

Yawning apparently activates undamaged, unconsciously controlled connections between the brain and the cord motor system innervating the paralyzed limb.

a handful is thrown into the center to drive off malevolent spirits một số ít được ném vào trung tâm để xua đuổi tà ma.

to be a cause of or strong influence on something:

More fundamental economic problems may underlie last week’s stock market slide.

outrage

s xúc ph m, s làm t n thự ạ ự ổ ương (quy n l i, tình c m )ề ợ ả

gabelle- thuế muối (ở Pháp trước 1789)

ANTHILLtổ kiến

TRIMTo trim is also to reduce:

We have to trim costs by not making any unnecessary trips.

material used to add decoration to something:

The team’s new uniforms are blue with black trim.

 we also lack sufficient mental stimulation to keep our brain in trimchúng ta cũng thiếu sự kích thích tinh thần đầy đủ để giữ cho bộ não của chúng ta luôn tỉnh táo

SINKto fall or move to a lower level:Add

The sun sank slowly below the horizon.

The phrase "sinks out of" typically means to descend or move downward until something is no longer visible or is obscured from view

Worse still, because any learned skill— even driving a car or brushing our teeth-quickly sinks out of consciousness, we can no longer see the very thought habits we’re relying upon. Tệ hơn nữa, bởi vì bất kỳ kỹ năng nào đã học được - thậm chí là lái xe hay đánh răng - đều nhanh chóng mất đi ý thức, chúng ta không còn có thể nhìn thấy chính những thói quen suy nghĩ mà chúng ta đang dựa vào.

RIDDLEfull of something unwanted:

an old sweater riddled with holes

the fossil record is riddled with holes and biases vì các dữ liệu hóa thạch có nhiều lỗ hổng và thành kiến

Global diversity curves refer to graphical representations that depict changes in

species diversity (the variety of species present) over geological time scales on a global scale. TAXONOMISTScác nhà phân loại học

SPIKEA spike is also a sudden increase, often shown on a graph (= type of drawing) by a long, narrow shape that comes to a point at the top:Add

The upward spike in prices was attributed to bad weather in farm areas.

Không phải ai cũng ấn tượng với phép thuật toán học như vậy Jonathan Adrain từ Đại học Iowa

ở Thành phố Iowa chỉ ra rằng sự tranh cãi về mặt thống kê

GOADto cause someone to do something by being annoying: cái kích thích, điều thúc giục

■ điều dằn vặt, điều rầy khổ

His brother goaded him into a wrestling match.

Others goad rats through mazes or mix bubbling fluids in glass beak ers.

The phrase "he is plugging his latest book" typically means that someone is actively promoting or advertising their most recent publication, often in a promotional or self-promotional manner

PLUGto advertise something by talking about it a lot or praising it,

especially on the radio or television:

Add

That interview was just a way for him to plug his new book.

to shoot someone with a gun:

interpreting boothbuồng phiên

dịchThat it is done at all is a source of some wonder, given the often  lengthy periods of interpreting required, the confined environment o

f an interpreting booth,

Việc nó được thực hiện là một điều đáng ngạc nhiên, xét đến thời gian phiên dịch thường kéo dài, môi trường chật hẹp của buồng phiên dịch,

 the headman or headwomanngười đứng đầu 

POLLARDchặt ngọn cây, đốn cây

 As a rule, entire trees are not felled, but are pollarded so that they can regenerate.

rotationluân canh

Phaseolus beans and various leafy vegetables, grown with a certain  amount of rotationĐậu Phaseolus và các loại rau lá khác nhau, được trồng với tần suất luân canh nhất định

"relay" refers to the practice of planting or sowing a new crop just before the final harvest of the previous crop on the same land This technique allows for a smooth transition between crops and helps maximize land productivity by minimizing

downtime and ensuring continuous cultivation throughout the growing season The diverse sequence ends with vegetable cassava, which is often planted into the developing last-but- one crop as a relay.

A man stakes out a plot in an unobtrusive manner, since it is consid ered provocative towards one's neighbours to mark boundaries in an  explicit way Một người đàn ông vạch ra âm mưu một cách kín đáo,

vì việc đánh dấu ranh giới một cách rõ ràng được coi là khiêu khích đối với hàng xóm của mình.

providing payment for work:

a highly remunerative (= well paid) job

 Fishing has always been a far more remunerative activity in Luapula that crop husbandry.

agriculture, farming, husbandry

We've certainly seen an increase on TV of foul language and sexual titillation.

VOYEURISMthe activity of getting pleasure from secretly watching other people in sexual situations or, more generally, from watching other

people's private lives:

The show veers dangerously close to outright voyeurism.

CHASTITYthe state of not having sexual relationships or never having had sex: trinh tiết

As a monk, he took vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience.

VAMPa woman who is confident that she is attractive to men and makes use of it in order to get what she wantslàm mê hoặc

GALthiếu nữ

close ups, slow motion, fade-ins and fade-outs,

cận cảnh, chuyển động chậm, mờ dần và mờ dần,

LIFELIKEsống động như thật

"Crude action films" typically refer to movies within the action genre that prioritize physical stunts, intense fight scenes, and explosive sequences overintricate plotlines, character development, or nuanced storytelling

The industry has concentrated much of its energy on crude action films easily understood by an international audience, featuring stars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone.

scribbled on paper strips

viết nguệch ngoạc trên dải giấy

annotated draft

bản nháp có chú thích

iterative lặp đi lặp lại

a computer screen off to one sidemàn hình máy tính lệch sang một bên

"To hold forth" is a phrase that means to speak at length or in a grandiose manner, often in a public or formal setting It implies delivering a speech, lecture, or

discourse, usually with confidence and authority

và bản tin nội bộ của công ty đã ra đời.

plyto sell or to work regularly at something, especially at a job that involves selling things: ra sức vận dụng, ra sức làm, làm miệt mài, làm chăm chỉ

Fishermen in small boats ply their trade up and down the coast.

Ever since the unguentari plied their trade in ancient Rome, perfumers have to keep abreast of

Kén chọnkitchen cleaners and washing powders, consumers are becoming increasingly fussy.

BLEACHchất tẩy trắng, thuốc tẩy

quả quyết

SAPnhựa cây

GNARLEDrough and twisted in shape: xương xẩu

ancient gnarled trees

FLASKbình giữ nhiệt

A glass bell jar or flask Ỉ S fitted over the flower. 

While engaged in the study of the kinship and religious life of the people of Tikopia, Firth made a few observations on their tattooing. 

Bluing is sometimes added to counteract the reddish hue of the carb on-based pigment.

Blueing đôi khi được thêm vào để chống lại màu đỏ của chất màu gốc carbon.SKETCHING

phác họa

which was made from the heart wood of the bush and struck with a  mallet được làm từ tâm gỗ của bụi cây và được đánh bằng vồ.

PUNCTURESa small hole made by a sharp object l th ngỗ ủ

The blood that usually trickled from the punctures was wiped away either by the tattooer 

These are heart-wrenching decisions.

Having to spend so much time away from home is heart-wrenching.

His father had suffered from the selfsame disease.

AFFINITYa close similarity between two things, or an attraction or

sympathy for someone or something, esp because of shared characteristics: sự giống nhau

WITHERINGexpressing strong criticism:

She delivered a withering attack on the book and its authors.

severe and extremely critical:

He made a withering attack on government policy.

héo mòn

STEMđánh lui

Ngăn chặn

the majority are having great difficulty even stemming the rate of increase

To "bolster an ice cap" means to strengthen or reinforce it, typically in the context of preventing its melting or degradation When someone or

something is attempting to bolster an ice cap, they are taking actions to support its stability, thickness, or integrity

SNAPThe phrase "snap the cables" typically refers to the act of breaking or severing cables, which are usually made of metal or other durable materials. the act of breaking something stiff, or the cracking sound made when it breaks:

The plastic handle broke with a loud snap.

Suspension bridges are a type of bridge structure that utilizes cables suspended between towers or supports to carry the weight of the bridge deck or roadway.

cover, hide, shade, overlay, mantle, overlie

darkness and cooler temperatures caused by something blocking the direct light from the sun:

In contrast, the native evergreen pines tend to shade the snow and absorb radiation.

UPKEEPbảo trì

the process or cost of keeping something, such as a building, in good and

usable condition:

It costs the landlord about $2000 a month just for upkeep.

Then there’s the daunting prospect of upkeep and repair of any scheme as well as the

consequences of a technical failure. 

săn bắn quá nhiều

to go past or beyond a limit or stopping place:

The plane overshot the runway and wound up in a cornfield.

‘The risk with geoengineering projects is that you can “overshoot”,’ 

COUNTENANCEthe appearance or expression of someone’s face: vẻ mặt

diện mạo

C Her countenance masked her feelings.

"Gripped the public's imagination" is a phrase used to describe something that captures widespread interest, fascination, or attention from the general population.

Strange beings and rampaging Martian monsters gripped the public’s imagination. 

CRATEREDhaving one or more round holes in the surface:

Some structures resembling the mineralized casts of terrestrial bacteria and their appendages fibrils or by-products occur in the rims of carbonate globules and pre- terrestrial aqueous alteration regions.

The sentence describes the presence of structures that bear a resemblance

to mineralized casts of terrestrial bacteria and their appendages These structures, which may appear as fibrils (thin, thread-like structures) or by-products, are found in specific geological contexts:

at the lowest shaded elevations ở những độ cao có bóng râm thấp nhất

make a stiff biscuit-like mixture

tạo thành một hỗn hợp cứng như bánh quy

surround the pots with strawbao quanh chậu bằng rơm

Bữa tối của thợ gốm

when the natives of Hawaii came paddling out in their canoes and greeted him in a familiar tongue

SEAFARING

đi đường biển

"Beat their way" is a phrase that typically means to make progress or advance by moving forward with effort, determination, or persistence, often in the face of obstacles or challenges.

may help explain how, more than a thousand years later, a second wave of seafarers beat their way across the entire Pacific.

"Shadowy work" typically refers to secretive or clandestine activities carried out in the shadows, away from public view or scrutiny

SCANTvery little or not much:Addít ỏi

I paid scant attention to the movie’s plot.

SPROUTđâm chồI, mọc lên

bị giới hạn ở nhiều khu vực, khá biệt lập ở độ cao cao hơn ở phía tây nam Hoa Kỳ.

STANDSthe large area containing many seats arranged in rising rows from which people can watch sports or other events:Add

Gordon was sitting in the stands, eating hot dogs and watching the game.

UNSUBTLElacking subtlety; obviouskhông tinh tế

"Planting a kiss" is a common expression that refers to the act of giving someone a kiss,

WANNABEa person who wants to be like someone else, esp someone famous, or who wants to be thought of as famous:Add

She’s a pop singer wannabe.

the planting kiss on a baby’s head by a wannabe political leader, or a liquidation sale in a shop 

when Sainsbury introduced shopping baskets into its 1950s stores, it  was a stroke of marketing genius.

khi Sainsbury giới thiệu giỏ mua hàng vào các cửa hàng của mình vào những năm 1950, đó là một bước đột phá của thiên tài tiếp thị.

xa vời, gượng gạo

SAVVYpractical knowledge and ability: hiểuAdd

She has a lot of marketing savvy.

PLOYSsomething that is done or said in order to get an advantage, often dishonestly: thủ đoạn

There are various ploys we can use if necessary.

EPITOMIZEto be a perfect example of a quality or type of thing: điển hình hóa

With little equipment and unsuitable footwear, she epitomizes the inexperienced and unprepared mountain walker.

Because the celeb epitomizes success or because they seem familiar and so make the product seem “safe”.

"Slice-of-life ads" are a type of advertising approach that aims to depict realistic and relatable scenarios from everyday life.

TALLIESnhản hiệu hàng hóa

, noted that the more one’s self-image tallies with the brand being advertised, the stronger the commercial.

PUSHOVERsomething easy to do or win, or someone who is easily persuaded, influenced, or defeated:Add

Krista gets whatever she wants – her parents are real pushovers.

stuntto prevent the growth or development of something from reaching its limit: còi cọc

Drought has stunted (the growth of) this year's cereal crop.

BLIGHTsomething that spoils or destroys or causes damage:Add

The city stopped urban blight by rebuilding neighborhoods.

Hunger blights most aspects of Malawian life, so the country is as good a place as any to investigate how nutrition affects development, and vice versa.

PORRIDGEa thick, soft food made from oats (= a type of grain) boiled in water or milk; oatmeal: đồ ăn nhẹ

FRETbăn khoăn

hen they eventually join the ranks of the well off, they can start fretting about growing too fast.

SPELLSa period of time during which an activity or condition lasts: 1 ddowtj

a spell of wet weather

FETCHto go get something or someone and bring the thing or person back:Add

She’s been teaching the dog to fetch (= get a stick or ball that is thrown and bring it back).

TOP-DOWNtừ trên xuống

MASONSa person who is trained to work with bricks and stones used in buildings thợ nề

thợ hồ

FOOTBRIDGEcầu cho những người đi bộ

BEDECKto decorate or cover:

Add

The room was bedecked with flowers.

PREMIEREthe first public showing of a play, opera, movie, television program, or other entertainment: ra mắt

The season premieres of two of my favorite TV shows are on Wednesday.

SENSORYof or related to the physical senses of touch, smell, taste, sight, and hearing

Sensory memories refer to the short-term retention of sensory information from the environment  a cognitive neuroscientist at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, have discovered, for instance, how sensory memories are shared across the brain

AMYGDALAone of two parts of the brain that affect how people feel emotions, especially fear and pleasure

 The direct link between odours and the amygdala may help explain the emotional potency of smells.

He told some funny anecdotes about famous people.

”It’s kind of fits with a lot of anecdotal evidence on how smells can be really good reminders of past experiences,” Chu says And scientific research seems to bear out the anecdotes.

FIRESIDE chổ bị cháy nơi chửa lửa

an area in a room near a fireplace:

Add

She liked to curl up by the fireside with a good book.

PAPYRUS giấy cói cây chỉ thảo

Heavily indebted farms are still struggling.

ATAVISTIC happening because of a very old habit from a long time ago

in human history, not because of a conscious decision or because it is necessary now: tàn bạo

tính di truyền

an atavistic fear of the dark

PRESCIENT knowing or suggesting correctly what will happen in the future: tiên tri

a prescient warning

POTENT powerful, persuasive, or effective:

Add

This is the most potent headache remedy you can get without a prescription.

Tragedy, for Aristotle, was particularly potent in its capacity to enlist and then purge the emotions

ENLIST

PURGE thanh lọc sự thanh trừng

to rid a group or organization of unwanted people:

CANONICAL conforming to orthodox (quy tắc chính thống) or

recognized rules

Add

the drinking of cocktails was as canonical a rite as the mixing

human side: khía cạnh con người

LAUD khen ngợi lời tán dương

to praise someone or something:

Add

The president lauded the rise of market economies around the world.

sự chói lọi

great beauty, or something that causes admiration and attention:

Add

U It took several years to restore the building to its original splendor.

VARIEGATED having a pattern of different colours or marks:

Add

variegated leaves

có nhiều màu sắc sặc sở

That event is etched into your episodic memory.

He etched his name on a piece of glass.

semipermanentrelating to or extending over a relatively long time

Our language knowledge, our knowledge of the world and of people, is largely that permanent

or semipermanent residue.

semantic memoryyour memory for meanings and general (impersonal) facts

PRAIRIES thảo nguyên

 Winnipeg also became the major processor of agricultural products for the surrounding hinterland.

The ceiling was embellished with flowers and leaves.

PRIVY having secret knowledge: bí mật riêng

Add

Only top management was privy to (= knew about) the proposed merger.

to be told information that is not told to many people:

Add

I was never privy to conversations between top management.

to throw water or another liquid on someone or something:Add

To get rid of weeds, I douse them with plain white vinegar.

untapped potential: tiềm năng chưa được khai thác

Bitterness is of special interest to industry because of its untapped potential in food.

FOOLPROOF (of a plan, method, or machine) designed to be easily done or operated without possibility of mistake or failure:

Add

It’s not a foolproof system and it never will be.

AVERSE strongly disliking or opposed to: ác cảm

Few politicians are averse to appearing on television.

REPELLENT a substance used to repel something:

She shunned publicity after she retired from the stage.

CASCADE to fall quickly and in large amounts; to flow:

Then candidate substances, culled from chemical compound libraries, are dropped onto the

receptors, and scientists look for evidence of a reaction.

The salt masks(che) the bitterness created by the high temperature

s used in the canning process, which cause sugars and amino acids t

o react.

Muối che đi vị đắng được tạo ra bởi nhiệt độ cao được sử dụng

trong quá trình đóng hộp, khiến đường và axit amin phản ứng.

INDENTURED:được kí kếtrelating to an official agreement that someone will work for someone else for a length of time, especially in order to learn a job:Add

He served an indentured apprenticeship in mechanical engineering.

to reduce child and indentured labor practices.

AURAa feeling or character that a person or place seems to have: hơi thoảng toát ra, hương toát ra (từ hoa )

The woods have an aura of mystery.

PROPHETESS: nữ tiên tri

SLAINpast participle of slay: bị giết

DISTRACTIONSthe state of being very bored or annoyed: phiền

nhiễuAdd

His lessons bore me to distraction.

D. With the exception of Inigo Jones (1573-1652), whose confident handling of classical detail

and proportion set him apart from all other architects of the period, most early 17th century buildings tended to take the innocent exuberance of late Tudor work one step further /But duringthe 1640s and 50s the Civil War and its aftermath sent many gentlemen and nobles to the

Continent either to escape the fighting or, when the war was lost, to follow Charles II into exile There they came into contact with French, Dutch and Italian architecture and, with Charles’s restoration in 1660, there was a flurry of building activity as royalists reclaimed their property and built themselves houses reflecting the latest European trends The British Baroque was a reassertion of authority, an expression of absolutist ideology by men who remembered a world turned upside down during the Civil War The style is heavy and rich, sometimes overblown and melodramatic The politics which underpin it are questionable, but its products are breathtaking

Why were the buildings in the 1660s influenced by the latest European

trends?

A Because the war was lost

B Because the craftsman came from all over the Europe

C Because the property belongs to the gentlemen and nobles

D Because the monarch came back from the continent

royalists reclaimed their property and built themselves houses reflecting the latest European trends Tách hai câu giữa chữ and, k phải có and là có link đâu đòi lại; xây dựng nhà của họ

What kind of sense did the British Baroque imply?

The British Baroque: đầu tiên tưởng này là người hoá ra là palace or building gì đó

ARBITRAGEthe practice of buying something, such as shares or currency, in one place and selling them in another where you can get a higher price at the same time: kinh doanh chênh lệch giá, trao đổi chứng khóan

arbitrage buying/selling Traders said a rise in the peso's value made Mexican share prices more expensive compared with shares sold in New York and sparked some arbitrage selling

A "social bubble" refers to a small, controlled group of individuals who agree

to socialize exclusively with each other while limiting interactions with

people outside of the bubbletegy tend EX: Schools that pursue this strategy tend to have very large Chinese student populations which often results in

“social bubbles” on campus After 4 years, they may graduate with few, if any, local friends, despite coming, in large part, for that “exposure”

Sticker price: giá niêm yết

EGREGIOUS(of something bad) extreme; beyond any reasonable degree: nghiêm trọng

egregious errors of fact

PAMPHLETStờ rơibài luận ngắngiấy rời nhỏ

a few sheets of paper folded together to form a thin magazine that contains information or opinions about something:

a voter’s information pamphlet

The news came as a crushing blow.

DIREtàn khốcThe start of the Covid 19 pandemic was a dire economic event, at least at first

SPREEa short period of doing a particular, usually enjoyable, activity much more than is usual:

I went on a drinking/shopping/spending spree on Saturday.

The growth in headcount didn't translate to growth and profitability

LEAN thin and healthy:

A lean company or organization does not use too many people or spend too much money, so that there is no waste:

Nowadays even efficient, lean, well-run industries are failing.

HOARDING

the act of collecting large amounts of something and keeping it for yourself, often in a secret place:

The food shortages have been exacerbated by hoarding.

right? They were hoarding the talent It was an option that

TRIMto make something neater or more even by cutting a small amount off:

He had a neatly trimmed beard.

To trim is also to reduce:

We have to trim costs by not making any unnecessary trips.

at the back: phia sau

copper pipes: ống đồng

pump: máy bơm

although the speak says eat lots of, but in the answer …….bread, milk, so the answer would only be eat lots, do not add of

https://mini-ielts.com/988/listening/a-debit-card

00:27 ko nghe được

Magnetic strip: dải từ tính

https://mini-ielts.com/1541/reading/pacific-navigation-and-voyaging sail (v) When a boat or a ship sails, it travels on the water:

how they migrated such vast distances across the ocean: in this sentence, I think that it probably it means to migrate to, but

actually no This sentence means ancestors sail through such vast distances (cover such expansive distances across the ocean) not merely head to a specific location.

Fleets of navigators: các đội

Simultaneously: đồng thời

Set sail: begin a journey, start a voyage ( exploration, adventure,…) Considered assessment: refers to careful evaluation and or analysis

of a situation

Spark renewed interest: khơi dậy sự quan tâm

Precipitate (v) to make sth happen suddenly or sooner than

expected; kết tủa (tách ra khỏi chất lỏng)

An invasion would certainly precipitate a political crisis

DENIGRATE [ˈden.ə.ɡreɪt] to say that someone or something is not good or important:

You shouldn't denigrate people just because they have different beliefs from you.

MISSIONARY (a) relating to or connected to a religious mission

In the field: trên thực địa

Banish (v) to get rid of something completely:

Try to banish all thoughts of revenge from your mind.

banished from sight: bị che khuất tầm nhìn (che giấu k cho ng khác biết)

Ex: He then accompanied these men, in their traditional canoes, on test voyages from which all modern instruments were banished from sight, though Lewis secretly used them to confirm the

To that end: vì mục đích đó (end: mục đích)

Instrumentation: thiết bị đo đạc

All the while: đồng thời

ATTRIBUTE: a quality or feature of a person or thing, esp one that is an important part of its nature:

Self-confidence is a rare attribute in a 17-year-old.

Paddle (v) chèo

Propel (v) to push or move something somewhere, often with a lot

of force:

a rocket propelled through space

methodology: phương pháp

splice: to join the ends of something so that they become one piece:

Scientists splice genes to produce the protein

a variety of canoe types, sources of water and navigation techniques, and it was this adaptability which was their greatest accomplishment.( chính khả năng thích ứng này là thành tựu lớn nhất của họ.)

RENAISSANCE (n) [ˈren.ə.sɑːns] a new growth or interest in

something, esp art, literature, or music:

connected

If something is relative to something else, it changes

according to the speed or level of the other thing:

The amount of petrol a car uses is relative to its speed.

If something is relative to a particular subject, it is

connected with it:

Add

Are these documents relative to the discussion?

Resurrect (v) to bring someone back to life:d

Almost all Christians believe that Jesus was resurrected from the dead

to bring back something into use or existence that had disappeared

Head of cattle: con gia súc

BANE (n) a cause of continuous trouble or unhappiness:

Keeping noise levels low is the bane of airport

administration.

Prey on : săn

But one man wants the baiting to end: muốn việc nhử mồi chấm dứt

Ensuing (a) happening after or following something else: tiếp theo

In the ensuing decades he specialized in neurology

they introduced more of their own: họ đưa thêm loài của mình vào

unleashed (v) thả

prey base: nguồn mồi khổng lồ

dwindling (a) suy giảm

DESOLATE (a) (of a place) having no living things; empty: hoang vắng

once the calves are much past two or three weeks old: khi bê con đã quá 2 or 3 tuần tuổi

solitary (a) đơn độc

get through

phrasal verb with get verb

to succeed in talking to someone on the phone:

I tried to call her but couldn't get through.