AUTOMOTIVE WORKER ASBESTOS TRAINING MANUAL potx

AUTOMOTIVE WORKER ASBESTOS TRAINING MANUAL THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALY BLANK Automotive Worker Outline Asbestos Basics I Characteristics Naturally - occurring mineral fiber, locations Heat and chemical resistant High tensile strength - breaks into very small fibers II History of Asbestos Usage Early uses - Greeks, Charlemagne Late 19th century "rediscovery" Commercial uses of asbestos Concerns over asbestos usage III Toxicity and Hazard Toxic - definition Hazard - definition IV Hazard Assessment Types of Asbestos - chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite Definition of Asbestos Containing Material Identification of asbestos - sampling, laboratory ID Asbestos Containing Materials found in automotive work - brakes, clutches, gaskets, etc Health Effects of Asbestos I Asbestos as a Health Hazard Introduction Factors affecting risk of developing a disease a Properties of asbestos b How asbestos enters the body c Concentration and duration of exposure d Critical dose e Individual Susceptibility f Group Susceptibility g Smoking and asbestos exposure II How asbestos enters the body Respiratory system Digestive system Fiber migration III Body Defenses Nose Hairs Mucociliary Escalator Phagocytes - white blood cells IV Non - Harmful Signs of Asbestos exposure Pleural plaques Asbestos bodies Asbestos warts Pleural thickening Pleural effusion V Asbestos Related Diseases Asbestosis a Definition b Risk c Latency d Symptoms e Diagnosis Lung Cancer a Definition b Risk c Latency d Symptoms e Diagnosis 4 Mesothelioma a Definition b Risk c Latency d Symptoms e Diagnosis Digestive System Cancers Asbestos Medical Monitoring I Establishing a medical monitoring program II Purpose of a medical monitoring program Establish fitness to wear a respirator Screening for asbestos related diseases Not for full diagnosis or treatment Not to take the place of regular checkups III Content of a medical monitoring program Medical and work history questionnaire Physical exam Pulmonary function test/chest X-ray IV The State Employees Medical Monitoring Program Location Scheduling of exams Frequency of exams Who must attend Medical records Safety Issues I Heat Stress Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke Prevention II Carbon Monoxide Sources Exposure Limits Symptoms of Poisoning Prevention Regulatory Review I OSHA - Occupational Safety & Health Administration MOSH - Maryland Occupational Safety & Health The General Industry Standard for Asbestos - 29 CFR 1910.1001 a Focus on workplace Safety & Health b Sets P.E.L (permissible exposure limit) at 0.1f/cc Requires engineering controls Requires work practice controls Requires worker protection c Sets Short Term Exposure Limit at 1f/cc in 30 mins The General Industry Standard for Respiratory Protection - 29 CFR 1910.134 a Focus on written respiratory protection programs b Has 11 specific requirements The General Industry Standard for Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records - 29 CFR1910.1020 The General Industry Standard for Hazard Communication - 29CFR 1910.1200 II The Environmental Protection Agency The Asbestos Manufacturing, Processing, Importation, and Distribution Prohibitions II COMAR - Code of Maryland Regulations Labor & Employment Article Title Occupational Safety & Health Subtitle -Access to Information on Hazardous & Toxic Substances a Sets requirements for Chemical Information Lists IV The Maryland State Employees Asbestos Program - Executive Order 01.01.1987.22 Established in 1983, revised in 1987 Provides incentive pay for asbestos work Requires 1/2 faced negative pressure respirators or PAPR's and protective clothing to be used by automotive workers doing asbestos work Requires employees to be clean shaven where the respirator seals to the face Established refusal/consent provisions for asbestos work Established safe work practices for automotive work Personal Protective Equipment I Personal Protection A Protective Clothing Purpose Requirements Options Who must wear Donning and Removal B Respiratory Protection Purpose Types Selection Inspection Cleaning Storage Repair and Replacement of Parts Donning and Removal Fit Testing 10 Factors Affecting the Fit 11 Protection Factors C Powered Air Purifying Respirators Description Filters Batteries Breathing Hose Face Piece Flow Testing D /2 Faced Negative Pressure Respirator Description Filters Face piece Work Practice Review: Automotive Brake & Clutch Work CONTROL METHODS: Principles To Be Emphasized (1) Prepare Work Area, (2) Minimize Fiber Release, & (3) Proper Cleaning & Disposal AREA PREPARATION Access Limited; (3 foot rule) Signs Posted; Appropriate Barriers Erected or Asbestos Component Enclosed; Equipment Available to Prevent Fiber Release During Job, e.g., HEPA Vacuum and Enclosure Device OR Approved Wet Collection Device; Mil Plastic and Duct-Tape Available to Cover Floor; Appropriate Respirator and Disposable Clothing Available; Cleanup Supplies; Mil Labeled Disposal Bags for Friable Asbestos Waste; Appropriate Containers for Non-Friable Asbestos Waste; MINIMIZE FIBER RELEASE Smoke Tubes or Other Procedures to Verify Effectiveness of Containment System Use of Appropriate Control Device Prohibition of Grinding Prohibition of Use of Compressed Air Stream outside of vacuum enclosure Prohibition of Other Procedures That Are Likely to Generate Airborne Asbestos Fiber Release CLEANUP AND WASTE DISPOSAL Means to Decontaminate Brake Shoes, Clutch Plates, and Other Equipment Available; Means to Decontaminate Friable Asbestos Waste Containers Before Removal from Regulated Area; Procedures to Account for and Track Asbestos Waste Both Friable and Non-Friable; Procedure to Verify Completion of Cleanup LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR LEVEL II TRAINING: AUTOMOTIVE I ORIENTATION A Background Following this presentation employees will be able to: Define asbestos containing material (1% or greater) This is an EPA/OSHA definition The State Program says that any material containing any amount of asbestos is an asbestos containing material Know that the only positive means of asbestos identification is laboratory analysis Identify common sources of exposure and locations of asbestos in State Automotive Facilities Be able to determine who is a Level II employee and what asbestos related work is permitted to be done by State Employees Define the term friable Recognize when asbestos materials pose a potential health problem Be aware of notification procedures in the event an asbestos hazard is suspected B Identify the source of asbestos (naturally occurring mineral) Know the requirements for carrying out asbestos related work in State Facilities Objectives for Legal Aspects Employees should recognize the OSHA PEL and excursion limit for asbestos and the limitations of this regulation in disease prevention Be familiar with automotive work requirements as outlined in OSHA's 29CFR 1910.1001 standard section (f)(3) and Appendix F Be familiar with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.134 for respiratory protection and workplace monitoring C Be able to cite the common uses for asbestos and which ones are still allowed by the EPA Know the requirements for asbestos disposal in Maryland Medical Aspects Following this presentation workers will Recognize the most common diseases associated with asbestos exposure Identify the most common route of entry for asbestos into the body Recognize the Dose (Exposure) - Response Relationship between inhalation of asbestos dust and disease development Know the defensive mechanisms the body has against asbestos exposure Know the meaning of latency and how it applies to asbestos related disease Know the symptoms, prognosis and treatment for asbestos related diseases Recognize the importance of personal protection and dust control measures in preventing asbestos related diseases Be aware of the relationship between cigarette smoking and asbestos related lung cancer Be aware of the potential danger of contaminating work clothes with asbestos 10 Identify methods of reducing the risk of asbestos related disease in the workplace 11 Be aware of the medical confidentiality provisions of the State Employees Asbestos Program 12 Understand the limitations of a medical surveillance program 13 Recognize the symptoms of heat related disorders and carbon monoxide poisoning and preventative measures that reduce the risk of developing these problems 10 WORK PRACTICES - State employees will be assigned work with Asbestos only when it is incidental, but necessary for the performance of their normal job functions - Employees found to be unable to wear respirators, or otherwise unfit for potential asbestos exposure, shall not be permitted to work with asbestos - Protective clothing shall be provided and worn when performing Level II activities - State employees can volunteer to perform non-incidental work with notification to and approval by their Agency Safety & Health Specialist - Negative pressure half-face air purifying respirators with P100 cartridges are to be used only when performing brake-repairs using an vacuum enclosure system or an approved wet system PAPRs are to be used when the brake or clutch enclosure or wet system is not possible and when changing vacuum filters - Facial hair which prevents direct contact of bare skin with the respirator sealing surface is prohibited by The State Employees Asbestos Program - All occupants in the vicinity of an asbestos-related job shall be evacuated to another area - All non-essential movable objects shall be decontaminated as necessary and removed from the work site All electrical equipment, outlets and ventilation systems shall be properly prepared for the project (i.e., covered, locked out, etc.) - A clean uncontaminated change area must be set up on all asbestos-related jobs - OSHA warning signs must be posted on all asbestos related jobs - An asbestos work differential of 50% will be paid to Level II employees in 1/10 hour increments, for time spent by the employee performing asbestos-related activities, and for time spent changing into and removing specified clothing and equipment - Upon completion of initial Level II training (i.e., the old day class), each employee hired prior to March 15, 1985 has 15 days to decide his/her option to sign a formal work refusal form and turn it into their maintenance/automotive supervisor Failure to turn in this form implies a consent to perform Level II work if required - Employees who were hired after March 15, 1985 not have the option to refuse to work with asbestos when such employees have been duly informed of Level II job requirements via the consent form and have been trained, medically monitored, respirator fit tested, and provided with appropriate safety equipment 36 STATE OF MARYLAND ASBESTOS SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM AUTOMOTIVE ASBESTOS PAY DIFFERENTIAL SCHEDULE FEBRUARY 19, 1988 37 AUTOMOTIVE ASBESTOS PAY DIFFERENTIAL SCHEDULE Asbestos pay differential will be paid when the following automotive work is performed: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Brake repair and replacement Brake overhaul Brake inspection Clutch repair and replacement Non-associated under vehicle suspension work requiring the use of impact or motorized tools and equipment Definition: ♦ Light duty vehicles - automobiles, trucks that are less than 10,000 lbs gross vehicle weight, trailers and off-road vehicles with a gross vehicle weight less than 10,000 lbs ♦ Medium and Heavy duty - all motorized vehicles and construction equipment with a gross vehicle weight that exceeds 10,000 lbs., all towed and off road equipment that exceeds 10,000 lbs gross vehicle weight Time Rate Schedule - the time recognized within the industry, through after market publications/flat rate manuals, to complete a given task An example: Chilton, Mitchell, and Motor Parts and Rate Schedules (Factory time rate schedules are not recommended) Pay Rate Schedule: Light Duty Brake Repair and Replacement - 1.5 Hrs per axle Brake Overhaul - 3.0 Hrs per axle *Brake Inspection - Hrs per axle **Clutch Repair and Replacement - Time Rate Schedule plus Hrs **Non - associated under vehicle suspension work requiring the use of impact or motorized tools and equipment - Time rate Schedule plus Hrs Medium and Heavy Duty Break Repair and Replacement - 2.0 Hrs per axle Break Overhaul - 4.0 Hrs per axle *Break Inspection - 1.0 Hrs per axle **Clutch Repair and Replacement - Time Rate Schedule plus Hrs **Non - associated under vehicle suspension work requiring the use of impact or motorized tools and equipment - Time rate Schedule plus Hrs * Inspection time is not tabulated when brake work is performed ** When the Time Rate Schedule is used to compute the pay differential, the additional 0.5 Hrs will be added for the purpose of preparation and clean-up activities including changing into and out of program specified equipment and clothing 38 TAPING PROCEDURE FOR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Tape zipper &crotch area Tape cuffs snugly at sleeve Tape shoe covers securely to suit with pants legs tucked inside.* Respirator face piece must be in place before donning hood Seal hood securely with tape to suit * If not secured/bought with hood and booties attached 39 REMOVAL PROCEDURE FOR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Remove tape hood under chin Roll hood down (inside out) Loosen tape from sleeve Remove tape from zipper, unzip, and continue to roll suit firmly inside out Pull sleeves inside-out    40 REMOVAL PROCEDURE FOR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Tuck tightly rolled suit under respirator belt Continue to roll suit firmly inside-out Respirator should remain in place until suit is completely removed and disposed of with Asbestos Waste 41 RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Respirators There are two types of respirators that an Automotive Worker who works with asbestos can use The POWERED AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATOR and the NEGATIVE PRESSURE 1/2 FACED AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATOR The negative pressure 1/2 faced air purifying respirator will afford protection up to 10x the P.E.L It must be fit tested every year The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is now the official testing and approval agency for respirators It has replaced the old NIOSH/MSHA certification under 30 CFR 11 NIOSH has developed a new set of regulations under 42 CFR 84 for testing and certifying non-powered air purifying respirators Other respirator types will be dealt with at a later time As of July 10, 1998., NIOSH no longer allows manufacturers to ship and sell the old cartridges as NIOSH certified The new Part 84 regulation provides for classes of particulate filters (3 levels of filtering efficiency and categories of filter degradation) The levels of filtering efficiency are 95%, 99%, and 99.97% The categories of resistance to filter degradation are labeled N, R, and P The class of filter will be clearly marked on the filter, filter package, or respirator box For example, a filter marked N95 would mean an N-series filter that is at least 95% efficient Chemical cartridges that carry a particulate element will be similarly marked for the particulate portion only The selection process for using the new particulate classification is discussed below: The selection of N, R, and P series filters depends on the presence or absence of oil particles 1.) If no oil particles are present in the work environment use a filter of any series (N, R, or P) 2.) If oil particles (lubricants, cutting fluids, glycerin, etc.) are present in the work environment, use an R or P series filter N series filters cannot be used 3) If oil particles are present and the filter is to be used for more than one work shift, use only a P-series filter In addition, if you are currently using a HEPA filter: 1) 2) In a work setting free of oil aerosols, an N100 filter would be protective In a work setting that may contain or does contain oil aerosols, an R100 or P100 filter would be protective 42 It is strongly recommended that for asbestos work a P100 filter be selected because of the moisture, etc in the abatement area According to OSHA, the powered air purifying respirator will afford protection up to 100x the P.E.L of 0.1f/cc when the motor is on Fit testing for this respirator must be done every year in the negative pressure mode (i.e with the motor off) Each time either respirator is used, the following should be done: (a) inspecting of the respirator every time before use to make sure the valves, straps, mask, and hoses are all in working order (b) checking of the fit every time you put on the respirator using both positive and negative pressure fit checks (c) using a flow check meter with PAPR's to insure fully charged batteries and to check if the filters or motors need replacing before each use Respirators also require proper care and maintenance They should be cleaned after every use in a mild detergent in water not exceeding 120o F If they are not individually assigned they must also be disinfected with an EPA registered disinfectant that is suitable for use with respirators Respirators should be air dried in a clean area away from direct sunlight and temperatures exceeding 120o F They should be stored in a clean area away from temperature extremes and where they will not get crushed or broken Any respirator that is found to be defective should not be used It should be returned to the Safety & Health Specialist and a new one obtained *UPDATE: As of April 8, 1998, a new respiratory protection standard is in place The elements of the new standard include: - - Respirators shall be provided by the employer when necessary to protect the health of the employee The employer shall develop and implement a written respiratory protection program that is administered by a suitably trained person The employer shall evaluate respiratory hazards in the workplace and identify if user and workplace factors and base the respirator selection on them The employer shall ensure that each employee receives and passes a fit test The employer shall establish and implement procedures for the proper use of respirators 43 - The employer shall provide for the cleaning, disinfection, storage, inspection, and repair of respirators The employer shall provide grade D or better breathing quality air for those employees using supplied air respirators All labels must comply with NIOSH and be readable The employer must provide training to employees who need to wear respirators on at least an annual basis The employer shall evaluate the workplace to ensure the program is working and that employees are using respirators properly The employer shall establish and retain written information regarding medical exams, fit tests, and the respirator program These requirements were to be implemented by no later than October 5, 1998 44 FACT SHEET RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Most industrial chemicals enter the body by inhalation Inhalation hazards are present in the form of dusts, mists, fumes, gases, and/or vapors Respirators are used to protect against inhalation hazards They put a barrier between the contaminated air and the worker's lungs Types of Respirators There are two major classes of respirators Air Purifying Respirators clean the air that is inhaled while Air Supplying Respirators provide workers with their own source of air or oxygen Air Purifying Respirators There are four types of air purifying respirators They are: (1) (2) (3) (4) Mechanical Filter Respirators, Chemical Cartridge Respirators, Combination Respirators, and Gas Mask Respirators Mechanical filter respirators clean the air of dusts and fumes by not allowing the particles to pass through a fiber bed Chemical cartridge respirators are used when there is exposure to solvents or chemicals with a high vapor pressure They clean the air of vapors by adsorbing them onto some media such as charcoal Combination respirators provide protection against dust, vapors, fumes, and/or mists Combination respirators are available for many sets of inhalation hazards Gas Mask respirators clean the air of gases such as Sulfur dioxide (SO2 or Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) Gas mask respirators can trap the gas or use chemicals to change the gas to a non-toxic form CAUTION: Air Purifying respirators should not be used when there is exposure to: (1) Unknown Chemicals, (2) Chemicals that are immediately dangerous to like or health, (3) Areas where the oxygen concentration is too low to support life (less than 19% by volume), 45 (4) Chemicals that produce toxic effects below the smell threshold (for example, Toluene Diisocyanate) (5) Chemicals which have no or poor warning properties (for example, Carbon Monoxide) Air purifying respirators have a limited lifetime If you smell something coming through a respirator, it is no longer effective Gas mask canisters should have end of service life indicators, visible to the wearers, that indicate when a canister sis no longer providing protection In additional chemical cartridge respirators are subject to a change out schedule Air Supplying Respirators Air supplying respirators provide workers with clean oxygen or air (1) Airline Respirators - supply the worker with air by attaching the free end of a hose to a stationary compressed air source (2) Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) - supply the worker with air from tanks carried by the worker CAUTION: Only (SCBA's) can be used in areas where the air is immediately dangerous to life and health Air line devices can be cut, leaving the worker without protection Fit Testing OSHA requires that all workers who must wear respirators be fit tested annually Fit testing is a procedure used to determine whether leaks exist in the seal between the respirator and face There are two types of fit testing: (1) Quantitative fit testing - the worker is placed in a room while wearing a respirator that is proved Normal room air is used to test the fit and a machine like a Port-ACount ™ measures the concentration of the air in the room and in the respirator By comparing the concentration of the particulate inside the respirator to that outside the respirator the degree of leakage (if any) can be found (2) Qualitative fit testing - workers are asked if they detect irritant smoke or other test substances when it is passed three inches from the respirator seal If the worker can detect the substance the respirator does not fit Qualitative fit testing gives a gross "yes" or "no" answer to the fit test, but does not indicate the degree of fit as quantitative testing does 46 Respirator Limitations There are limitations to the use of respirators: Respirators are designed to protect only against specific types of substances and in certain concentration ranges It is important to know what you are working with and to employ the correct respirator Consult American National Standard Practices Z-88.21992 for a step-by-step respirator selection procedure The thin seal on a respirator often breaks when the wearer is talking or moving quickly This allows the toxic substance to enter through the facepiece Not all workers can get a good facepiece seal due to facial hair interference, facial deformities, facial shape etc 47 FACTS ABOUT RESPIRATORS OSHA requires industry to have written operating procedures concerning the use of respirators These procedures should describe such things as how respirators should be selected, fitted, worn and maintained WHEN SHOULD RESPIRATORS BE WORN OSHA says respirators should not be a permanent means of limiting the amount of a dangerous chemical a worker may breathe Engineering controls such as installing ventilation ducts to suck the harmful materials out of the air are much more preferable These engineering controls should be placed where the air contamination is produced so it can be drawn away from the worker before it enters the breathing air Respirators should be worn under the following conditions: When it is clearly impractical to remove harmful contaminates at the source As a temporary measure while engineering controls are being installed For emergency escape and rescue Types of Respiratory Hazards The type of respiratory hazard will determine the kind of respirator that should be used Listed below are the types of hazards: 1.Dusts are solid particles produced by processes such as grinding, crushing and mixing Example: Asbestos 2.Mists are tiny liquid droplets given off when liquids are sprayed, mixed or agitated in processes such as dipping, painting, and machining Example: Spray paint 3.Fumes are tiny metallic particles given off when metals are heated in processes such as welding, soldering, casting and galvanizing Example: Zinc fumes 4.Gases and vapors are substances which are neither solid nor liquid Substances such as hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, and carbon dioxide exist under normal conditions in gaseous states They become liquid under pressure Vapors are like gases except that they are formed by the evaporation of substances, such as water or trichloroethylene, which occur ordinarily as liquids 5.Oxygen deficient atmospheres occur when the oxygen in the air has been used up in processes such as rusting or fires, or when another gas pushes the oxygen out Oxygen deficiencies occur most frequently in confined spaces such as tanks, tunnels or sewers 48 Selection of Respirators The selection of the proper respirator involves three basic steps: Identification of the hazard Evaluation of the hazard Selection of the proper respirator Evaluation of the Hazard Once the hazardous substance has been identified, it is then necessary to determine the amount of the hazardous substance present This is determined by using various pieces of industrial hygiene equipment The measured concentration can be stated in various "units." For asbestos it is usually fibers per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc) and for gases usually part per million (p.p.m.) It is very important to find out how much of the hazardous material is in the air For example, we could select a paint respirator for a job, but if we don't know how much paint is in the air, we could choose one that is not able to remove all the harmful solvents in the paint Selection of the Proper Respirator Any respirator used in an area where a worker is exposed to harmful chemicals above the government limit or where there is not enough oxygen must be approved by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) The respirators must have an approval number which start with the letters "TC" This "TC" number can be looked up in the "NIOSH Certified Equipment" publication to determine what the respirator is approved for Respirator Training Employee respirator training is required by OSHA For the safe use of any respirator both the supervisor and worker should be instructed concerning the following points: Instructed concerning what type of hazard they are exposed to Does overexposure cause immediate effects or does it require exposure over a period of time Also, what may happen if the respirator is not used They should be told why engineering controls must be used along with respirators to control exposures A discussion of why this is the proper type of respirator for the particular purpose A discussion of the respirator's capabilities and limitations Instruction and training in actual use of respirator 49 Classroom and field training to recognize and cope with emergency situations Types of Respirators and Their Limitations Mechanical filtering respirators will protect against dusts, fumes, and mists They filter out the harmful substance from the breathing air before it is inhaled they not provide oxygen, so they must not be used in areas where there is not enough oxygen they not protect against gases or vapors Chemical cartridge respirators protect against gases and vapors they not supply oxygen they should not be used when the chemical to be protected against does not have warning properties - odor, taste, or irritation, unless OSHA permits they must not be used to protect against something that could cause immediate danger to life or health, except for escape they provide protection only from the specific gases or vapors they were designed to protect against (they may be worthless for other gases of vapors) Atmosphere supplying respirators can protect against almost all hazards and supply clean breathing air to the user The air can be supplied from a tank worn on the user's back or from a hose that supplies clean air from some other source a Airline devices are a type of atmosphere supplying respirator They use a stationary source of compressed air delivered through a high-pressure hose they must not be used to protect workers form air contamination that could cause immediate danger to life or health This is necessary because if the air hose is cut, crushed or damaged, it leaves the wearer with little or no protection the trailing airline restricts mobility b Self-contained atmosphere supplying respirators supply clean air from a tank worn on the user's back the air supply is limited to the amount of air the cylinder can hold these respirators are bulky and heavy and therefore are often unsuitable for heavy work or use in confined spaces 50 ... disturb asbestos or asbestos- containing materials LEVEL II WORKER - Any worker whose job activity causes him/her to break, cut into, tear out, grind, or otherwise disturb asbestos or asbestos- containing... 36 STATE OF MARYLAND ASBESTOS SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM AUTOMOTIVE ASBESTOS PAY DIFFERENTIAL SCHEDULE FEBRUARY 19, 1988 37 AUTOMOTIVE ASBESTOS PAY DIFFERENTIAL SCHEDULE Asbestos pay differential... Types of Asbestos - chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite Definition of Asbestos Containing Material Identification of asbestos - sampling, laboratory ID Asbestos Containing Materials found in automotive