MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTE Edited by Sunil Kumar and Ajay Bharti Management of Organic Waste Edited by Sunil Kumar and Ajay Bharti Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Maja Bozicevic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published January, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Management of Organic Waste, Edited by Sunil Kumar and Ajay Bharti p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-925-7 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Biogas from Organic Waste 1 Chapter 1 Anaerobic Treatment and Biogas Production from Organic Waste 3 Gregor D. Zupančič and Viktor Grilc Chapter 2 Vermicomposting: Composting with Earthworms to Recycle Organic Wastes 29 Jorge Domínguez and María Gómez-Brandón Chapter 3 The Sanitation of Animal Waste Using Anaerobic Stabilization 49 Ingrid Papajová and Peter Juriš Chapter 4 The Waste Oil Resulting from Crude Oil Microbial Biodegradation in Soil 69 Anatoly M. Zyakun, Vladimir V. Kochetkov and Alexander M. Boronin Chapter 5 Earthworms and Vermiculture Biotechnology 87 A. A. Ansari and S. A. Ismail Chapter 6 Co-Digestion of Organic Waste and Sewage Sludge by Dry Batch Anaerobic Treatment 97 Beatrix Rózsáné Szűcs, Miklós Simon and György Füleky Part 2 Landfill and Other General Aspects of MSW Management 113 Chapter 7 Separate Collection Systems for Urban Waste (UW) 115 Antonio Gallardo, Míriam Prades, María D. Bovea and Francisco J. Colomer VI Contents Chapter 8 Utilization of Organic Wastes for the Management of Phyto-Parasitic Nematodes in Developing Economies 133 P.S. Chindo, L.Y. Bello and N. Kumar Chapter 9 Landfill Management and Remediation Practices in New Jersey, United States 149 Casey M. Ezyske and Yang Deng Chapter 10 Synergisms between Compost and Biochar for Sustainable Soil Amelioration 167 Daniel Fischer and Bruno Glaser Preface Solid waste management is one of the important disciplines of environmental management. It is divided into two parts, dealing with biodegradable and non- biodegradable waste. The segregation of waste in most developing countries is a difficult task. This problem has a wide range of causes, including the lack of public knowledge of the problem. Lack of funds plays a small but very vital role. Solid waste management is a wide and diversified field. Within this field, organic waste attracts a great deal of attention because of its chemical constituents. However, the few narrowly specialized resources on this type of waste are insufficient to reveal the complete chemistry of it. The book titled “Management of Organic Waste “ is designed to provide a fundamental knowledge of the principles related to the management of organic waste. The chapters of the book are arranged logically and they offer an up-to-date approach to offer a better understanding of the chemistry used to treat organic waste as a raw material which results in a useful product. The breadth and depth of the material presented in this book will help to understand the different processing and disposal aspects of organic waste. The comparative aspects of processing and disposal, reflect the unique identity of the book. Lastly, each chapter with different sub-headings contains very good resources, and very clear concepts. This publication will be extremely helpful to students, researchers, scientists, policy makers, and local waste management authorities. Er Sunil Kumar, Scientist Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Kolkata Zonal Laboratory Kolkata, West Bengal, India Dr Ajay Bharti, Assistant Professor North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & Technology [NERIST] Nirjuli, Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh India [...]... sustainable organic waste treatment all over the world It is well suited for various wet biodegradable organic wastes of high water content (over 80%), yielding methane rich biogas for renewable energy production and use 4 Management of Organic Waste Table 1 shows typical solid and organic substance contents and biogas yields for most frequent organic wastes, treated with anaerobic digestion Organic waste. .. possible through controlled release of chemically bound energy of organic compounds in waste and can be retrieved through chemical and biochemical processes Most of the organic wastes appear in solid form; however contain up to 90% of moisture, therefore thermochemical treatment such as incineration cannot be applied To address sustainability in the treatment of organic wastes, environmental aspect, energy... of the modern alternative processes of anaerobic sludge treatment is presented by Rulkens (2008) 4 Conclusions The chapter entitled “Sustainable Treatment of Organic Wastes” presents principles and techniques for treatment of wet biodegradable organic waste, which can be applied in order to achieve environmental as well as economic sustainability of their utilisation The chapter mostly focuses on organic. .. separately collected biodegradable organic wastes and wastewater sludge, because it reduces volume and mass of the input material with biogas (mostly a mixture of methane and CO2 with trace gases such as H2S, NH3 and H2) as by-product Anaerobic Treatment and Biogas Production from Organic Waste 5 Thus, anaerobic digestion is a renewable energy source in an integrated waste management system Also, the nutrient-rich... treatment of organic municipal waste It is important to study the waste of each such unit carefully to be able to determine optimal conditions for substrate digestion Organic waste can differ very much even in same geographical areas, therefore it is strongly recommended to conduct laboratory and pilot scale experiments before design of the full scale digester is made Considering the costs of the full... most of the organic material is in dissolved form with solids content at maximum 1-5 gL-1 In this substrate category are highly loaded wastewaters of industrial origin (e.g from beverage industry) 18 Management of Organic Waste Fig 9 The UASB process 3.3 Post-treatment and substrate use After the substrate has been digested, it usually needs additional treatment There are several possibilities of digested... Streptococci and coliforms 24 Management of Organic Waste The third important factor is presence of nitrogen Several authors have reported that the optimal C/N ratio is between 25/1 and 30/1 although operation at low C/N ratios of 10/1 are also possible With such low C/N ratios the undesirable emission of ammonia can be significant (Matsumura et al., 2010) Characteristic values of organic matter content and... from Organic Waste 1 Anaerobic Treatment and Biogas Production from Organic Waste Gregor D Zupančič and Viktor Grilc Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors Slovenia 1 Introduction Organic wastes under consideration are of natural origin that possess biochemical characteristics ensuring rapid microbial decomposition at relatively normal operating conditions When considering the organic waste. .. from lignocellulosic degradation, organic overload etc.) The biogas treatment and use, such as power 26 Management of Organic Waste production and natural gas grid injection, have been presented as well as the use of parasitic energy, options for biogas production enhancement through waste pre-treatment (mechanical, chemical, physical, etc.) and treatment of residues of anaerobic digestion, which may... anaerobic digestion within a solid waste/ wastewater integrated management system." Waste Management 28(10): 1801-1808 Deublein, D and A Steinhauser (2008) Biogas from waste and renewable resources Weinheim, Willey-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA Dinsdale R M., Premier G.C., Hawkes F.R., Hawkes D.L., (2000) "Two-stage anaerobic codigestion of waste activated sludge and fruit/vegetable waste using inclined tubular . chemistry of it. The book titled Management of Organic Waste “ is designed to provide a fundamental knowledge of the principles related to the management of organic waste. The chapters of the. Management of Organic Waste 4 Table 1 shows typical solid and organic substance contents and biogas yields for most frequent organic wastes, treated with anaerobic digestion. Organic waste. MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTE Edited by Sunil Kumar and Ajay Bharti Management of Organic Waste Edited by Sunil Kumar and Ajay Bharti