GRID COMPUTING – TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS, WIDESPREAD COVERAGE AND NEW HORIZONS Edited by Soha Maad Grid Computing – Technology and Applications, Widespread Coverage and New Horizons Edited by Soha Maad Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Dejan Grgur Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published May, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Grid Computing – Technology and Applications, Widespread Coverage and New Horizons Edited by Soha Maad p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0604-3 Contents Preface IX Section 1 Advances in Grid Computing - Workflow 1 Chapter 1 w-TG: A Combined Algorithm to Optimize the Runtime of the Grid-Based Workflow Within an SLA Context 3 Dang Minh Quan, Joern Altmann and Laurence T. Yang Chapter 2 On the Effect of Applying the Task Clustering for Identical Processor Utilization to Heterogeneous Systems 29 Hidehiro Kanemitsu, Gilhyon Lee, Hidenori Nakazato, Takashige Hoshiai and Yoshiyori Urano Section 2 Advances in Grid Computing - Resources Management 47 Chapter 3 Resource Management for Data Intensive Tasks on Grids 49 Imran Ahmad and Shikharesh Majumdar Chapter 4 A New Approach to Resource Discovery in Grid Computing 71 Leyli Mohammad Khanli, Saeed Kargar and Ali Kazemi Niari Chapter 5 Task Scheduling in Grid Environment Using Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm 89 Wael Abdulal, Ahmad Jabas, S. Ramachandram and Omar Al Jadaan Section 3 Advances in Grid Computing - Parallel Execution 111 Chapter 6 Efficient Parallel Application Execution on Opportunistic Desktop Grids 113 Francisco Silva, Fabio Kon, Daniel Batista, Alfredo Goldman, Fabio Costa and Raphael Camargo VI Contents Chapter 7 Research and Implementation of Parallel Cache Model Through Grid Memory 135 Qingkui Chen, Lichun Na, He Jia, Song Lin Zhuang and Xiaodong Ding Chapter 8 Hierarchy-Aware Message-Passing in the Upcoming Many-Core Era 151 Carsten Clauss, Simon Pickartz, Stefan Lankes and Thomas Bemmerl Section 4 Grid Applications 179 Chapter 9 Grid Computing in High Energy Physics Experiments 181 Dagmar Adamová and Pablo Saiz Chapter 10 Using Grid Computing for Constructing Ternary Covering Arrays 221 Himer Avila-George, Jose Torres-Jimenez, Abel Carrión and Vicente Hernández Chapter 11 Grid Infrastructure for Domain Decomposition Methods in Computational ElectroMagnetics 241 Olivier Terzo, Pietro Ruiu, Lorenzo Mossucca, Matteo Alessandro Francavilla and Francesca Vipiana Chapter 12 Characterization of Hepatic Lesions Using Grid Computing (Globus) and Neural Networks 267 Sheng Hung Chung and Ean Teng Khor Section 5 International Widespread of Grid Technology 281 Chapter 13 Applications Exploiting e-Infrastructures Across Europe and India Within the EU-IndiaGrid Project 283 Alberto Masoni and Stefano Cozzini Section 6 New Horizons for Grid Technology 309 Chapter 14 Open Development Platform for Embedded Systems 311 E. Ostúa, A. Muñoz, P. Ruiz-de-Clavijo, M.J. Bellido, D. Guerrero and A. Millán Chapter 15 Potential of Grid Technology for Embedded Systems and Applications 325 Mona Abo El-Dahb and Yoichi Shiraishi Preface Grid research, rooted in distributed and high performance computing, started in mid- to-late 1990s when scientists around the world acknowledged the need to establish an infrastructure to support their collaborative research on compute and data intensive experiments. Soon afterwards, national and international research and development authorities realized the importance of the Grid and gave it a primary position on their research and development agenda. The importance of the Grid was translated into large funding from various national and international sources, channeled to various Grid projects around the world aiming at building the so-called global infrastructure for e-Science. Selected key projects, such as EGEE (Enabling Grids For E-sciencE) in Europe and Globus in the United States, played a key role in developing this infrastructure. The first generation Grid, referred to as Grid 1.0, was intended to coordinate resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations. The sharing is not primarily file exchange but rather direct access to computers, software, data, and other resources, as is required by a range of collaborative problem-solving and resource-brokering strategies emerging in industry, science, and engineering. Following Grid 1.0, Web 2.0 emerged as a more user-friendly successor of Grid1.0. Grid 3.0 attempts to establish a merge between the web and Grid technologies to leverage the potential of the web in addressing the challenges faced by Grid 1.0 to deliver a user friendly infrastructure for high performance computing and collaboration. The EU vision of the next generation Grid is a service oriented knowledge utility infrastructure serving the needs of various application domains. Grid research supported by national, regional, European, and international funding within the framework of various projects explored various themes including: Grid interoperability, Grid workflows, Grid security management, Grid universal accessibility, high end visualization using the Grid and for the Grid, social and economic modelling for Grid interoperability and Grid universal accessibility, the virtualisation of Grid resources, data management solutions for the Grid, Grid portability, Grid interactivity, and Grid usability in various application domains. The Grid evolved from tackling data and compute-intensive problems, to addressing global-scale scientific projects, connecting businesses across the supply chain, and is X Preface aiming towards becoming a World Wide Grid that is integrated in our daily routine activities. The future vision of the next generation Grid is a Service Oriented Knowledge Utility capable of delivering knowledge to users and enabling resource sharing, collaboration and business transactions across individuals and organizations. This book tells a story of a great potential, a continued strength, and widespread international penetration of Grid computing. It overviews the latest advances in the field and traces the evolution of selected Grid applications. The book highlights the international widespread coverage and unveils the future potential of the Grid. This book is divided into six sections: The first three sections overview latest advances in Grid computing including: Grid workflow (chapters 1 and 2), resources management (chapters 3, 4, and 5), and parallel execution (chapters 6, 7 and 8). Section four considers selected key Grid applications including high-energy physics, constructing ternary covering arrays, computational electromagnetic, and medical applications including Hepatic Lesions. Section five highlights the international widespread penetration and coverage of the Grid and presents success Grid stories from Europe and India. Section six unveils the potential and horizon of the Grid in future applications including embedded systems and the design of inverter power supply. The book is targeted at researchers and practitioners in the field of Grid computing and its application in various domains. Researchers will find some of the latest thinking in the Grid field and many examples of the state-of-the-art technologies and use across domain verticals. Both researchers who are just beginning in the field and researchers with experience in the domain should find topics of interest. Furthermore, practitioners will find the theory, new techniques, and standards that can increase the uptake of Grid technologies and boost related industry supply and demand. Many chapters consider applications and case studies that provide useful information about challenges, pitfalls, and successful approaches in the practical use of Grid technology. The chapters were written in such a way that they are interesting and understandable for both groups. They assume some background knowledge of the domain, but no specialist knowledge is required. It is possible to read each chapter on its own. The book can be also used as a reference to understand the various related technology challenges, identified by regional research and development authorities, within the various research framework programs. The latter are intended to create lead markets in Information and Communication Technologies and to enact regional development plans. Many people contributed to the realization of this book in different ways. First of all, we would like to thank the authors. They have put in considerable effort in writing . GRID COMPUTING – TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS, WIDESPREAD COVERAGE AND NEW HORIZONS Edited by Soha Maad Grid Computing – Technology and Applications, Widespread Coverage. sub-jobs of the Grid workflow, with each time slot in the profile of available resources and profile of 8 Grid Computing – Technology and Applications, Widespread Coverage and New Horizons . service provided by the HPCC. 6 Grid Computing – Technology and Applications, Widespread Coverage and New Horizons w-TG: a Combined Algorithm to Optimize the Runtime of the Grid- Based Workflow Within