MACRO TO NANO SPECTROSCOPY docx

MACRO TO NANO SPECTROSCOPY Edited by Jamal Uddin Macro to Nano Spectroscopy Edited by Jamal Uddin Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Marina Jozipovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published June, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Macro to Nano Spectroscopy, Edited by Jamal Uddin p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0664-7 Contents Preface IX Section 1 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 1 Chapter 1 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications in Medicine 3 José Manuel González-López, Elena María González-Romarís, Isabel Idoate-Cervantes and Jesús Fernando Escanero Chapter 2 Analysis of Environmental Pollutants by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 25 Cynthia Ibeto, Chukwuma Okoye, Akuzuo Ofoefule and Eunice Uzodinma Chapter 3 Estimation of the Velocity of the Salivary Film at the Different Regions in the Mouth – Measurement of Potassium Chloride in the Agar Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 51 Shigeru Watanabe Chapter 4 An Assay for Determination of Hepatic Zinc by AAS – Comparison of Fresh and Deparaffinized Tissue 71 Raquel Borges Pinto, Pedro Eduardo Fröehlich, Ana Cláudia Reis Schneider, André Castagna Wortmann, Tiago Muller Weber and Themis Reverbel da Silveira Section 2 UV-VIS Spectroscopy 79 Chapter 5 Synthesis and Characterization of CdSe Quantum Dots by UV-Vis Spectroscopy 81 Petero Kwizera, Alleyne Angela, Moses Wekesa, Md. Jamal Uddin and M. Mobin Shaikh Chapter 6 The Use of Spectrophotometry UV-Vis for the Study of Porphyrins 87 Rita Giovannetti VI Contents Chapter 7 Spectrophotometric Methods as Solutions to Pharmaceutical Analysis of β-Lactam Antibiotics 109 Judyta Cielecka-Piontek, Przemysław Zalewski, Anna Krause and Marek Milewski Chapter 8 Identification, Quantitative Determination, and Antioxidant Properties of Polyphenols of Some Malian Medicinal Plant Parts Used in Folk Medicine 131 Donatien Kone, Babakar Diop, Drissa Diallo, Abdelouaheb Djilani and Amadou Dicko Section 3 FT-IR Spectroscopy 143 Chapter 9 Organic Compounds FT-IR Spectroscopy 145 Adina Elena Segneanu, Ioan Gozescu, Anamaria Dabici, Paula Sfirloaga and Zoltan Szabadai Chapter 10 Application of Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedical Polymer Materials 165 Zhang Li, Wang Minzhu, Zhen Jian and Zhou Jun Section 4 Fluorescence Spectroscopy 181 Chapter 11 Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Application in Determining the Individual Photophysical Parameters of Proteins 183 Alexander A. Banishev Chapter 12 Current Achievement and Future Potential of Fluorescence Spectroscopy 209 Nathir A. F. Al-Rawashdeh Section 5 Other Spectroscopy 251 Chapter 13 Basic Principles and Analytical Application of Derivative Spectrophotometry 253 Joanna Karpinska Chapter 14 Spectrophotometry as a Tool for Dosage Sugars in Nectar of Crops Pollinated by Honeybees 269 Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo, Maria Claudia Colla Ruvolo-Takasusuki, Arildo José Braz de Oliveira, Emerson Dechechi Chambó and Sheila Mara Sanches Lopes Chapter 15 Multivariate Data Processing in Spectrophotometric Analysis of Complex Chemical Systems 291 Zoltan Szabadai, Vicenţiu Vlaia, Ioan Ţăranu, Bogdan-Ovidiu Ţăranu, Lavinia Vlaia and Iuliana Popa Contents VII Chapter 16 Optical and Resonant Non-Linear Optical Properties of J-Aggregates of Pseudoisocyanine Derivatives in Thin Solid Films 317 Vladimir V. Shelkovnikov and Alexander I. Plekhanov Chapter 17 A Comparative Study of Analytical Methods for Determination of Polyphenols in Wine by HPLC/UV-Vis, Spectrophotometry and Chemiluminometry 357 Vesna Weingerl Chapter 18 A Review of Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Methods and Sample Preparation Procedures for Determination of Iodine in Miscellaneous Matrices 371 Anna Błażewicz Chapter 19 Quality Control of Herbal Medicines with Spectrophotometry and Chemometric Techniques – Application to Baccharis L. Species Belonging to Sect – Caulopterae DC. (Asteraceae) 399 María Victoria Rodriguez, María Laura Martínez, Adriana Cortadi, María Noel Campagna, Osvaldo Di Sapio, Marcos Derita, Susana Zacchino and Martha Gattuso Chapter 20 Flow-Injection Spectrophotometric Analysis of Iron (II), Iron (III) and Total Iron 421 Ibrahim Isildak Preface The book “ Macro to Nano Spectroscopy” has been written to fulfill a need for an up- to-date text on spectroscopy. It has vast of applications, including study of Macro to Nanomaterial, remote sensing in terrestrial and planetary atmospheres, fundamental laboratory spectroscopic studies, industrial process monitoring, and pollution regulatory studies. The importance of spectroscopy in the physical and chemical processes going on in planets, stars, comets and the interstellar medium has continued to grow as a result of the use of satellites and the building of radio telescopes for the microwave and millimeter wave regions. This book has wide variety of topics in spectroscopy including spectrophotometric apparatus and techniques. Topics covered absorption, emissions, scattering, causes of non-linearity, monochromators, detectors, photocells, photomultipliers, differential spectrophotometry, spectrophotometric titration, single beam, dual and multi wave length spectrophotometry, and diode array spectrophotometers. The emphasis of this book serve both theorist and experimentalist. The authors present the models and concepts needed by theorists to understand the spectroscopic language spoken by molecules as translated by experimentalists and the tools and terminology needed by experimentalists to communicate with both molecules and theorists. We (INTECH Publisher and Editor) owe our gratitude to the experts who gave much of their time and expertise in determining the scientific merit of the articles submitted to this special book. Coppin State University professors Dr. Moses Wekesa, Dr. Hany F. Sobhi and Dr. Mintesnot Jiru helped greatly with the review of some chapters of this book and I would like to thank them very much for their critical work. Jamal Uddin Associate Professor of Natural Sciences Director of Nanotech Center Coppin State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA [...]... the flow of an inert gas within the atomizing head is designed to avoid the destruction of the graphite at high temperatures due to oxidation with the air 6 Macro to Nano Spectroscopy One variant of the graphite oven is the carbon bar atomizer The main advantages of electrothermal atomic absorption are: a b c d high sensitivity (absolute quantity of analyte of 10-8 to 10-11 g); small volumes of liquid... extent to which the physiological process to which it refers contributes to the overall discrimination In this line it is shown one of the first studies which aimed to ascertain at what intestinal level the Sr/Ca discrimination takes place Vitamin D3, 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (25-0H-CC) and 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (1,25 (OH)2-CC) were administered to rats The apparent and 8 Macro to Nano Spectroscopy. .. total serum Cu showed an excellent correlation with the Cu bonded to the albumin and to the globulins (ceruloplasmin), as well as with the concentration of both 10 Macro to Nano Spectroscopy fractions of serum proteins In contrast, the total serum Zn only presented this correlation with the Zn bonded to the albumin, but not with the Zn bonded to the globulin or the albumin concentration These findings suggest... Liquid Chromatography Journal of HRC & CC 1980a; 85-86 Meyer, HD.; Jacob, K & Vogt, W Ion-Pair-Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Porphyrins from Red Blood Cells Chromatographia 1982; 16: 190-191 Meyer, HD.; Jacob, K.; Vogt, W & Knedel, K Diagnosis of porphyries by ion-pair highperformance liquid Chromatography J Chomatogr 1980b; 199: 339-343 24 Macro to Nano Spectroscopy. .. environment They include; flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRFS), isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry... atomization which is performed in the flame and which converts the analyte into free atoms, whereas in the EAAS the stage of atomization goes through successive phases of drying, calcination and carbonization, and it is not required to dissolve the sample in the convenient matrix as occurs with the FAAS (Skoog et al., 2008; Vercruysse, 1984) 1.2.1 Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy Prior steps to. .. two days of interruption This treatment requires hospitalization and 12 Macro to Nano Spectroscopy clinical management with special attention to controlling renal function due to its nephrotoxicity Methods: The parameters analyzed were: Pb in blood and urine and the biomarkers of hem characteristic of Pb poisoning, ALA-D and protoporphyrin IX in blood and 5-ALA and coproporphyrins in urine The methods... of Pb poisoning analysed in each group studied with respect to the control group Specifically, in table 6 are presented the results in blood of Pb, ALA-D, protoporphyrine IX and Protoporphyrine IX/g Hb and in table 7 the results in urine (24 hours) of Pb, 5-ALA, PBG, uroporphyrins and coproporphyrins 16 Macro to Nano Spectroscopy BLOOD Protoporphyrine IX μg/dL x ± SD Pb μg/dL x ± SD Control group (n... Medicine 7 2.1.1 Introduction The disintegration of uranium and plutonium atoms in atomic explosions provokes the appearance of a series of elements with maxima in atomic weight of around 90 and 140 The isotopes of heavier atomic weight (140) fall in the area of the explosion while those of lower atomic weight (90) enter the troposphere and stratosphere The particles which enter the troposphere spread out... Electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy The electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer has three part: the atomizing head, the power source and the controls for feeding in the inert gas The atomizing head replaces the nebulising-burning part of the FAAS The power source supplies the work current at the correct voltage of the atomizing head The computer control of the atomizing chamber . MACRO TO NANO SPECTROSCOPY Edited by Jamal Uddin Macro to Nano Spectroscopy Edited by Jamal Uddin Published by. orders@intechopen.com Macro to Nano Spectroscopy, Edited by Jamal Uddin p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0664-7 Contents Preface IX Section 1 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 1 Chapter 1 Atomic. Flow-Injection Spectrophotometric Analysis of Iron (II), Iron (III) and Total Iron 421 Ibrahim Isildak Preface The book “ Macro to Nano Spectroscopy has been written to fulfill a need