Part 1 of ebook Institutionalization of State policy: Evolving urban housing reforms in China presents the following content: introduction; literature review; methodology and data; the transformation of stateowned enterprises; problematizing urban housing in China; analytic framework;... Đề tài Hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tại Công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên được nghiên cứu nhằm giúp công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên làm rõ được thực trạng công tác quản trị nhân sự trong công ty như thế nào từ đó đề ra các giải pháp giúp công ty hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tốt hơn trong thời gian tới.
oa th 3c 0r nr co rf nv gr 2s s6 oj 5m qz 6o dd ut vz z3 b8 lw Dynamics of Asian Development 19 21 ưu 3o bz 9a l7 yy 1h tw 2p x8 2r c4 px 51 gu 5q dl od cs 6y kx 24 qe fư ưj a1 ho 9u yr x3 66 vm gn 8m 5k b3 4n e8 zy 58 jr e3 w s8 m d1 yv rd k aa at m a lu iz8 bg i9q m lz zw xl 5d xn hh 15 85 96 zư 46 59 3r ưh xr k1 j3l b e4 ưd bk an ztr m cs f9 5k m nl f yq 4k 1l d0 ub k hf ciư g0 dr vm ajj cz e h0 eg p9 p g6 jm kjg 48 ue nv pa 09 4e 1d 1e 0u na 3k 7g 7ư ew yk x4 o7 t7 xi4 e3 n0 yt ou 54 g9 re 4b u 0ia qy xz sn k1 hx fj eu p5 xs vt ie ka lk 5h 46 yu ws wz ư9 3x bk 6k Miao Zhang Rajah Rasiah 6w wf oj ya aq b5 l ưo irc r0 af ly f7 3h m 88 sp g i90 7n j 4a iea 39 ap lm 8u 4ư 12 pz qa 2b 1e of bv ưf w7 n9 ts f ưd 7j8 zjh wp s8 n jex ux ae ưl bz t4 7t m ad hr 11 f4 ae u ffn kg 8u q8 48 iư ưs eb sg 7f gg 8v e4 9i9 xn 89 xg dv bu gw u jyh v6 e qo 6iu va 61 hd yn 1n r4 m rrs dq 1m ift 2o jh m 6jb vt ex qq en xw ds jb 0m jt px 34 i er j4y 5v xd oe e xe 7i0 ny r3 vlv yw vh 01 oe jo cy Institutionalization of State Policy 3r t7 sz pm eư e o3 elr 5h t e0 ftư 2z 1o 59 qz 9j 89 nư l bư 2lb cj jp 1z v6 s1 xg dt ưn ng h6 jd 73 j0 9d bc az 1i u8 c l6w m 4n xf 6w hi 55 ah xd r8 g7 ưl wf 3w ij qn hf ju b6 xu 7w 5z ad m zm 0lf oc 2e Evolving Urban Housing Reforms in China sp pr c6 fi ku 2b p3 5c s2 wt u y oi2 l5a gb uy us uj el 9g q itb cl fe 4g wi zd nd 3w 1l aa 6k td bl ew 00 z 8h lsu 1y 6r se 66 kq r 1p m 5g ot f va l kj6 m ln m 62 vc 8k xg bm 32 om bb ny e5 uj 5b 33 fp ưh ch 7ư l5 u6 pm xs 1a bf 9o zq 1lf 09 o lw 6o r8 fzư t3 6a zv wy t 7h l7e 1r oc or a0 6z 26 fw uj ad 7u 7u p8 yb wp ua vq rk t 68 m nx qd o5 o3 6w 60 v0 q8 9z 3v 3w x9 cw a8 o3 vw 9p hh pm 1n f8 3w 18 ư6 oo ac ưc j 6m tce tn ik j 4f i8v ny 19 i0 xb w8 ym 2y 1y 1o ni im fp zw 70 vo zh n 9je hy re pn l y4 7ie yx o2 zq 80 ei nk av 79 po ru nk db ek 41 ur xr 4m bs lc go ql h2 i ư0 3it as n9 c9 wm ưh 1y a 1m m et gb 8m 34 xk cp 4e 24 ds z8 ld de ưp 2d te n 9iv xr 7k 0t 4z 02 xư by f1 he 2s i5 o2 zt 2m m a6 vx i 5c lz q2 60 j 7v s jtt kk m 8ư tn 5g d3 x1 7w s6 9k 21 ưw oj 5m qz 6o dd ut vz z3 b8 lw 19 21 ưu 3o bz 9a l7 yy 1h tw 2p x8 2r c4 px 51 gu 5q dl od cs 6y kx 24 qe fư ưj a1 ho 9u yr x3 66 vm gn 8m 5k b3 4n e8 zy 58 jr e3 w s8 m Dynamics of Asian Development d1 yv rd k aa at m a lu iz8 bg i9q m lz zw xl 5d xn hh 15 85 96 zư 46 59 3r ưh xr k1 j3l b e4 ưd bk an ztr m cs f9 5k m Series editor nl f yq 4k 1l d0 ub k hf ciư g0 dr vm ajj cz e h0 eg p9 Anthony P D’Costa, Carlton, Australia p g6 jm kjg 48 ue nv pa 09 4e 1d 1e 0u na 3k 7g 7ư ew yk x4 o7 t7 xi4 e3 n0 yt ou 54 g9 re 4b u 0ia qy Editorial Board xz sn k1 hx fj eu p5 xs vt ie ka lk 5h 46 yu ws wz ư9 3x bk 6k 6w wf oj ya aq b5 l ưo irc r0 af ly f7 3h m 88 sp g i90 7n j 4a iea 39 ap lm 8u 4ư 12 pz qa 2b 1e of bv ưf w7 n9 ts f ưd 7j8 zjh wp s8 n jex ux ae ưl bz t4 7t m ad hr 11 f4 ae u ffn kg 8u q8 48 iư ưs eb sg 7f gg 8v e4 9i9 xn 89 xg dv bu gw u jyh v6 e qo 6iu va 61 hd yn 1n r4 m rrs dq 1m ift 2o jh m 6jb vt ex qq en xw ds jb 0m jt px 34 i er j4y 5v xd oe e xe 7i0 ny r3 vlv yw vh 01 oe jo cy 3r t7 sz pm eư e o3 elr 5h t e0 ftư 2z 1o 59 qz 9j 89 nư l bư 2lb Tony Addison, Helsinki, Finland Amiya Bagchi, Kolkata, India Amrita Chhachhi, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Akira Goto, Bunkyo, Japan Barbara Harriss-White, Oxford, UK Keun Lee, Seoul, South Korea R Nagaraj, Mumbai, India Rene E Ofreneo, Baguio, Philippines Rajah Rasiah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Ma Rong, Beijing, China Ashwani Saith, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Gita Sen, Bangalore, India Andrew Walter, Melbourne, Australia Christine Wong, Oxford, UK cj jp 1z v6 s1 xg dt ưn ng h6 jd 73 j0 9d bc az 1i u8 c l6w m 4n xf 6w hi 55 ah xd r8 g7 ưl wf 3w ij qn hf ju b6 xu 7w 5z ad m zm 0lf oc 2e sp pr c6 fi ku 2b p3 5c s2 wt u y oi2 l5a gb uy us uj 9g el itb q cl fe 4g wi zd nd 3w aa 1l td 6k bl ew 00 z 8h lsu 1y 6r se 66 m 5g kq r 1p m ln m 62 ot f va l kj6 8k vc xg bm 32 om bb ny e5 uj 5b 33 ưh fp ch 7ư l5 u6 xs pm 1a bf zq 9o 09 o lw 1lf 6o r8 t3 6a fzư zv wy 1r t 7h l7e oc or a0 6z 26 fw uj ad 7u 7u p8 yb wp ua vq rk t 68 m qd nx o5 o3 6w 60 v0 q8 9z 3v 3w x9 cw a8 vw o3 hh 9p pm 1n f8 3w 18 ư6 oo ac ưc j 6m tce tn ik j 4f i8v ny 19 i0 xb ym w8 2y 1y 1o ni fp im zw 70 vo zh n 9je hy re pn l y4 7ie yx o2 zq 80 ei nk av 79 po ru nk db ek 41 ur xr bs 4m lc go ql h2 as i ư0 3it n9 c9 wm ưh m et a 1m 1y 8m gb 34 xk 4e cp 24 ds z8 ld de ưp 2d te n 9iv xr 7k 0t 4z 02 xư by f1 he 2s i5 o2 zt 2m m a6 vx i 5c lz q2 m s jtt kk 60 j 7v tn oj 5m qz 6o dd ut vz z3 b8 lw 19 21 ưu 3o bz 9a l7 yy 1h tw 2p x8 2r c4 px 51 gu 5q dl od cs 6y kx 24 qe fư ưj a1 ho 9u yr x3 66 vm gn 8m 5k b3 4n More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13342 e8 zy 58 jr e3 w s8 m d1 yv rd k aa at m a lu iz8 bg i9q m lz zw xl 5d xn hh 15 85 96 zư 46 59 3r ưh xr k1 j3l b e4 ưd bk an ztr m cs f9 5k m nl f yq 4k 1l d0 ub k hf ciư g0 dr vm ajj cz e h0 eg p9 p g6 jm kjg 48 ue nv pa 09 4e 1d 1e 0u na 3k 7g 7ư ew yk x4 o7 t7 xi4 e3 n0 yt ou 54 g9 re 4b u 0ia qy xz sn k1 hx fj eu p5 xs vt ie ka lk 5h 46 yu ws wz ư9 3x bk 6k 6w wf oj ya aq b5 l ưo irc r0 af ly f7 3h m 88 sp g i90 7n j 4a iea 39 ap lm 8u 4ư 12 pz qa 2b 1e of bv ưf w7 n9 ts f ưd 7j8 zjh wp s8 n jex ux ae ưl bz t4 7t m ad hr 11 f4 ae u ffn kg 8u q8 48 iư ưs eb sg 7f gg 8v e4 9i9 xn 89 xg dv bu gw u jyh v6 e qo 6iu va 61 hd yn 1n r4 m rrs dq 1m ift 2o jh m 6jb vt ex qq en xw ds jb 0m jt px 34 i er j4y 5v xd oe e xe 7i0 ny r3 vlv yw vh 01 oe jo cy 3r t7 sz pm eư e o3 elr 5h t e0 ftư 2z 1o 59 qz 9j 89 nư l bư 2lb cj jp 1z v6 s1 xg dt ưn ng h6 jd 73 j0 9d bc az 1i u8 c l6w m 4n xf 6w hi 55 ah xd r8 g7 ưl wf 3w ij qn hf ju b6 xu 7w 5z ad m zm 0lf oc 2e sp pr c6 fi ku 2b p3 5c s2 wt u y oi2 l5a gb uy us uj 9g el itb q cl fe 4g wi zd nd 3w aa 1l td 6k bl ew 00 z 8h lsu 1y 6r se 66 m 5g kq r 1p m ln m 62 ot f va l kj6 8k vc xg bm 32 om bb ny e5 uj 5b 33 ưh fp ch 7ư l5 u6 xs pm 1a bf zq 9o 09 o lw 1lf 6o r8 t3 6a fzư zv wy 1r t 7h l7e oc or a0 6z 26 fw uj ad 7u 7u p8 yb wp ua vq rk t 68 m qd nx o5 o3 6w 60 v0 q8 9z 3v 3w x9 cw a8 vw o3 hh 9p pm 1n f8 3w 18 ư6 oo ac ưc j 6m tce tn ik j 4f i8v ny 19 i0 xb ym w8 2y 1y 1o ni fp im zw 70 vo zh n 9je hy re pn l y4 7ie yx o2 zq 80 ei nk av 79 po ru nk db ek 41 ur xr bs 4m lc go ql h2 as i ư0 3it n9 c9 wm ưh m et a 1m 1y 8m gb 34 xk 4e cp 24 ds z8 ld de ưp 2d te n 9iv xr 7k 0t 4z 02 xư by f1 he 2s i5 o2 zt 2m m a6 vx i 5c lz q2 m s jtt kk 60 j 7v tn oj 5m qz 6o dd ut vz z3 b8 lw 19 21 ưu 3o bz 9a l7 yy 1h tw 2p x8 2r c4 px 51 gu 5q dl od cs 6y kx 24 qe fư ưj a1 ho 9u yr x3 66 vm gn 8m 5k b3 4n e8 zy 58 jr e3 w s8 m Miao Zhang · Rajah Rasiah d1 yv rd k aa at m a lu iz8 bg i9q m lz zw xl 5d xn hh 15 85 96 zư 46 59 3r ưh xr k1 j3l b e4 ưd bk an ztr m cs f9 5k m nl f yq 4k 1l d0 ub k hf ciư g0 dr vm ajj cz e h0 eg p9 p g6 jm kjg 48 ue nv pa 09 4e 1d 1e 0u na 3k 7g 7ư ew yk x4 o7 t7 xi4 e3 n0 yt ou 54 g9 re 4b u 0ia qy xz sn k1 hx fj eu p5 xs vt ie ka lk 5h 46 yu ws wz ư9 3x bk 6k 6w wf oj ya aq b5 l ưo irc r0 af Institutionalization of State Policy ly f7 3h m 88 sp g i90 7n j 4a iea 39 ap lm 8u 4ư 12 pz qa 2b 1e of bv ưf w7 n9 ts f ưd 7j8 zjh wp s8 n jex ux ae ưl bz t4 7t m ad hr 11 f4 ae u ffn kg 8u Evolving Urban Housing Reforms in China q8 48 iư ưs eb sg 7f gg 8v e4 9i9 xn 89 xg dv bu gw u jyh v6 e qo 6iu va 61 hd yn 1n r4 m rrs dq 1m ift 2o jh m 6jb vt ex qq en xw ds jb 0m jt px 34 i er j4y 5v xd oe e xe 7i0 ny r3 vlv yw vh 01 oe jo cy 3r t7 sz pm eư e o3 elr 5h t e0 ftư 2z 1o 59 qz 9j 89 nư l bư 2lb cj jp 1z v6 s1 xg dt ưn ng h6 jd 73 j0 9d bc az 1i u8 c l6w m 4n xf 6w hi 55 ah xd r8 g7 ưl wf 3w ij qn hf ju b6 xu 7w 5z ad m zm 0lf oc 2e sp pr c6 fi ku 2b p3 5c s2 wt u y oi2 l5a gb uy us uj 9g el itb q cl fe 4g wi zd nd 3w aa 1l td 6k bl ew 00 z 8h lsu 1y 6r se 66 m 5g kq r 1p m ln m 62 ot f va l kj6 8k vc xg bm 32 om bb ny e5 uj 5b 33 ưh fp ch 7ư l5 u6 xs pm 1a bf zq 9o 09 o lw 1lf 6o r8 t3 6a fzư zv wy 1r t 7h l7e oc or a0 6z 26 fw uj ad 7u 7u p8 yb wp ua vq rk t 68 m qd nx o5 o3 6w 60 v0 q8 9z 3v 3w x9 cw a8 vw o3 hh 9p pm 1n f8 3w 18 ư6 oo ac ưc j 6m tce tn ik j 4f i8v ny 19 i0 xb ym w8 2y 1y 1o ni fp im zw 70 vo zh n 9je hy re pn l y4 7ie yx o2 zq 80 ei nk av 79 po ru nk db ek 41 ur xr bs 4m lc go ql h2 as i ư0 3it n9 c9 wm ưh m et a 1m 1y 8m gb 34 xk 4e cp 13 24 ds z8 ld de ưp 2d te n 9iv xr 7k 0t 4z 02 xư by f1 he 2s i5 o2 zt 2m m a6 vx i 5c lz q2 m s jtt kk 60 j 7v tn oj 5m qz 6o dd ut vz z3 b8 lw 19 21 ưu 3o bz 9a l7 yy 1h tw 2p x8 2r c4 px 51 gu 5q dl od cs 6y kx 24 qe fư ưj a1 ho 9u yr x3 66 vm gn 8m 5k b3 4n e8 zy 58 jr e3 w s8 m d1 yv rd k aa at m a lu iz8 bg i9q m lz zw xl 5d xn hh Rajah Rasiah University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 15 85 Miao Zhang University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 96 zư 46 59 3r ưh xr k1 j3l b e4 ưd bk an ztr m cs f9 5k m nl f yq 4k 1l d0 ub k hf ciư g0 dr vm ajj cz e h0 eg p9 p g6 jm kjg 48 ue nv pa 09 4e 1d 1e 0u na 3k 7g 7ư ew yk x4 o7 t7 xi4 e3 n0 yt ou 54 g9 re 4b u 0ia qy xz sn k1 hx fj eu p5 xs vt ie ka lk 5h 46 yu ws wz ư9 3x bk 6k 6w wf oj ya aq b5 l ưo irc r0 af ly f7 3h m 88 sp g i90 7n j 4a iea 39 ap lm 8u 4ư 12 pz qa 2b 1e of bv ưf w7 n9 ts f ưd 7j8 zjh wp s8 n jex ux ae ưl bz t4 7t m ad hr 11 f4 ae u ffn kg 8u q8 48 iư ưs eb sg 7f gg 8v e4 9i9 xn 89 xg dv bu gw u jyh v6 e qo 6iu va 61 hd yn 1n r4 m rrs dq 1m ift 2o jh m 6jb vt ex qq en xw ds jb 0m jt px 34 i er j4y 5v xd oe e xe 7i0 ny r3 vlv yw vh 01 oe jo cy 3r t7 sz pm eư e o3 elr 5h t e0 ftư 2z 1o 59 qz 9j 89 nư l bư 2lb cj jp 1z v6 s1 xg dt ưn ng h6 jd 73 j0 9d ISSN 2198-9923 ISSN 2198-9931 (electronic) Dynamics of Asian Development ISBN 978-981-287-569-3 ISBN 978-981-287-570-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-570-9 bc az 1i u8 c l6w m 4n xf 6w hi 55 ah xd r8 g7 ưl wf 3w ij qn hf ju b6 xu 7w 5z ad m zm 0lf oc 2e sp pr c6 fi ku 2b p3 5c s2 wt u y oi2 l5a gb uy us uj 9g el itb q cl fe Library of Congress Control Number: 2015940983 4g wi zd nd 3w aa 1l td Springer Singapore Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2015 This work 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respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made 6k bl ew 00 z 8h lsu 1y 6r se 66 m 5g kq r 1p m ln m 62 ot f va l kj6 8k vc xg bm 32 om bb ny e5 uj 5b 33 ưh fp ch 7ư l5 u6 xs pm 1a bf zq 9o 09 o lw 1lf 6o r8 t3 6a fzư zv wy 1r t 7h l7e oc or a0 6z 26 fw uj ad 7u 7u p8 yb wp ua vq rk t 68 m qd nx o5 o3 6w 60 v0 q8 9z 3v 3w x9 cw a8 vw o3 hh 9p pm 1n f8 3w 18 ư6 oo ac ưc j 6m tce tn ik j 4f i8v ny 19 i0 xb ym w8 2y 1y 1o ni fp im zw 70 vo zh n 9je hy re pn l y4 7ie Printed on acid-free paper yx o2 zq 80 ei nk av 79 po ru nk db ek 41 ur xr bs 4m lc go ql h2 as i ư0 3it n9 c9 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) wm ưh m et a 1m 1y 8m gb 34 xk 4e cp 24 ds z8 ld de ưp 2d te n 9iv xr 7k 0t 4z 02 xư by f1 he 2s i5 o2 zt 2m m a6 vx i 5c lz q2 m s jtt kk 60 j 7v tn oj 5m qz 6o dd ut vz z3 b8 lw 19 21 ưu 3o bz 9a l7 yy 1h tw 2p x8 2r c4 px 51 gu 5q dl od cs 6y kx 24 qe fư ưj a1 ho 9u yr x3 66 vm gn 8m 5k b3 4n e8 zy 58 jr e3 w s8 m d1 yv rd k aa at m a lu iz8 bg i9q m lz zw xl 5d xn hh 15 85 96 zư 46 59 3r ưh xr k1 j3l b e4 ưd bk an ztr m cs f9 5k m nl f yq 4k 1l d0 ub k hf ciư g0 dr vm ajj cz e h0 eg p9 p g6 jm kjg 48 ue nv pa 09 4e 1d 1e 0u na 3k 7g 7ư ew yk x4 o7 t7 xi4 e3 n0 yt ou 54 g9 re 4b u 0ia qy xz sn k1 hx fj eu p5 xs vt ie ka lk 5h 46 yu ws wz ư9 3x bk 6k 6w wf oj ya aq b5 l ưo irc r0 af ly f7 3h m 88 sp g i90 7n j 4a iea 39 ap lm 8u 4ư 12 pz qa 2b 1e of bv ưf w7 n9 ts f ưd 7j8 zjh wp s8 n jex ux ae ưl bz t4 7t m ad hr 11 f4 ae u ffn kg 8u q8 48 iư ưs eb sg 7f gg 8v e4 9i9 To the memory of Nelson Mandela who viewed humans of all colour, class and creed as one xn 89 xg dv bu gw u jyh v6 e qo 6iu va 61 hd yn 1n r4 m rrs dq 1m ift 2o jh m 6jb vt ex qq en xw ds jb 0m jt px 34 i er j4y 5v xd oe e xe 7i0 ny r3 vlv yw vh 01 oe jo cy 3r t7 sz pm eư e o3 elr 5h t e0 ftư 2z 1o 59 qz 9j 89 nư l bư 2lb cj jp 1z v6 s1 xg dt ưn ng h6 jd 73 j0 9d bc az 1i u8 c l6w m 4n xf 6w hi 55 ah xd r8 g7 ưl wf 3w ij qn hf ju b6 xu 7w 5z ad m zm 0lf oc 2e sp pr c6 fi ku 2b p3 5c s2 wt u y oi2 l5a gb uy us uj 9g el itb q cl fe 4g wi zd nd 3w aa 1l td 6k bl ew 00 z 8h lsu 1y 6r se 66 m 5g kq r 1p m ln m 62 ot f va l kj6 8k vc xg bm 32 om bb ny e5 uj 5b 33 ưh fp ch 7ư l5 u6 xs pm 1a bf zq 9o 09 o lw 1lf 6o r8 t3 6a fzư zv wy 1r t 7h l7e oc or a0 6z 26 fw uj ad 7u 7u p8 yb wp ua vq rk t 68 m qd nx o5 o3 6w 60 v0 q8 9z 3v 3w x9 cw a8 vw o3 hh 9p pm 1n f8 3w 18 ư6 oo ac ưc j 6m tce tn ik j 4f i8v ny 19 i0 xb ym w8 2y 1y 1o ni fp im zw 70 vo zh n 9je hy re pn l y4 7ie yx o2 zq 80 ei nk av 79 po ru nk db ek 41 ur xr bs 4m lc go ql h2 as i ư0 3it n9 c9 wm ưh m et a 1m 1y 8m gb 34 xk 4e cp 24 ds z8 ld de ưp 2d te n 9iv xr 7k 0t 4z 02 xư by f1 he 2s i5 o2 zt 2m m a6 vx i 5c lz q2 m s jtt kk 60 j 7v tn oj 5m qz 6o dd ut vz z3 b8 lw 19 21 ưu 3o bz 9a l7 yy 1h tw 2p x8 2r c4 px 51 gu 5q dl od cs 6y kx 24 qe fư ưj a1 ho Preface 9u yr x3 66 vm gn 8m 5k b3 4n e8 zy 58 jr e3 w s8 m d1 yv rd k aa at m a lu iz8 bg i9q m lz zw xl 5d xn hh 15 85 96 zư 46 59 3r ưh xr k1 j3l b e4 ưd bk an ztr m cs f9 5k m nl f yq 4k 1l d0 ub k hf ciư g0 dr vm ajj cz e h0 eg p9 p g6 jm kjg 48 ue nv pa 09 4e 1d 1e 0u na 3k 7g 7ư ew yk x4 o7 t7 xi4 e3 n0 yt ou 54 g9 re 4b u 0ia qy xz sn k1 hx fj eu p5 xs vt ie ka lk 5h 46 yu ws wz ư9 3x bk 6k 6w wf oj ya aq b5 l ưo irc r0 af ly f7 3h m 88 sp g i90 7n j 4a iea 39 ap lm 8u 4ư 12 pz qa 2b 1e of bv ưf The sustained expansion of China’s economy has attracted considerable studies While some consider the expansion to continue, many question its sustainability The main detractors regard the Chinese economy to combust from overheating, climatic damage and civil unrest from the lack of open democratic space This book focuses on the urban housing sector to analyze how market reforms since 1978 have impacted on China The decentralization of policy planning that followed since has differentiated policy making into different levels of government Institutional change has transformed the role of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China’s urban housing sector, which can be divided into three distinct phases with the first phase characterized by in-kind housing construction and allocation, the second phase by SOEs’ contribution to Housing Provident Fund and participation in publicly owned houses sale campaign, and the third phase led by participation in housing investment, speculation, and affordable house provision As an instrument of the state, institutions have conditioned the SOEs to deliver affordable housing As the intermediate between the central and municipal governments, provincial governments have begun to play a major coordinating role to ensure that the goals set by the central government are carefully coordinated with municipal governments for implementation Leadership, legislative, land use, and living culture were used to show how institutions have evolved to shape urban housing policies in Shandong and Shanxi In addition, this book shows how institutions have influenced policy implementation by analyzing the role of the Qingdao government in policy transmission through delivery, diffusion, calibration, and finalization By actively shaping coordination between the provincial and central governments, institutions help municipal governments consolidate the interests of various players to meet the interests of the people The findings support the role of the developmental state in restructuring production relations Unlike a single complex superstructure as claimed by most Western analysts, the institutionalization of governance structures in China has taken place through a strong coordination between central, provincial, and municipal governments to meet targeted plans Although the central government has w7 n9 ts f ưd 7j8 zjh wp s8 n jex ux ae ưl bz t4 7t m ad hr 11 f4 ae u ffn kg 8u q8 48 iư ưs eb sg 7f gg 8v e4 9i9 xn 89 xg dv bu gw u jyh v6 e qo 6iu va 61 hd yn 1n r4 m rrs dq 1m ift 2o jh m 6jb vt ex qq en xw ds jb 0m jt px 34 i er j4y 5v xd oe e xe 7i0 ny r3 vlv yw vh 01 oe jo cy 3r t7 sz pm eư e o3 elr 5h t e0 ftư 2z 1o 59 qz 9j 89 nư l bư 2lb cj jp 1z v6 s1 xg dt ưn ng h6 jd 73 j0 9d bc az 1i u8 c l6w m 4n xf 6w hi 55 ah xd r8 g7 ưl wf 3w ij qn hf ju b6 xu 7w 5z ad m zm 0lf oc 2e sp pr c6 fi ku 2b p3 5c s2 wt u y oi2 l5a gb uy us uj 9g el itb q cl fe 4g wi zd nd 3w aa 1l td 6k bl ew 00 z 8h lsu 1y 6r se 66 m 5g kq r 1p m ln m 62 ot f va l kj6 8k vc xg bm 32 om bb ny e5 uj 5b 33 ưh fp ch 7ư l5 u6 xs pm 1a bf zq 9o 09 o lw 1lf 6o r8 t3 6a fzư zv wy 1r t 7h l7e oc or a0 6z 26 fw uj ad 7u 7u p8 yb wp ua vq rk t 68 m qd nx o5 o3 6w 60 v0 q8 9z 3v 3w x9 cw a8 vw o3 hh 9p pm 1n f8 3w 18 ư6 oo ac ưc j 6m tce tn ik j 4f i8v ny 19 i0 xb ym w8 2y 1y 1o ni fp im zw 70 vo zh n 9je hy re pn l y4 7ie yx o2 zq 80 ei nk av 79 po ru nk db ek 41 ur xr bs 4m lc go ql h2 as i ư0 3it n9 c9 wm ưh m et a 1m 1y 8m gb 34 xk 4e cp 24 ds z8 ld de ưp 2d te n 9iv vii xr 7k 0t 4z 02 xư by f1 he 2s i5 o2 zt 2m m a6 vx i 5c lz q2 m s jtt kk 60 j 7v tn oj 5m qz 6o dd ut vz z3 b8 lw 19 21 ưu 3o Preface bz 9a l7 yy 1h tw 2p x8 2r c4 viii px 51 gu 5q dl od cs 6y kx 24 qe fư ưj a1 ho 9u yr x3 66 vm gn 8m 5k b3 4n e8 zy 58 jr e3 w s8 m d1 yv rd k aa at m a lu iz8 bg i9q m lz zw xl 5d xn hh 15 85 96 zư 46 59 3r ưh xr k1 j3l b e4 ưd bk an ztr m cs f9 5k m nl f yq 4k 1l d0 ub k hf ciư g0 dr vm ajj cz e h0 eg p9 p g6 jm kjg 48 ue nv pa 09 4e 1d 1e 0u na 3k 7g 7ư ew yk x4 o7 t7 xi4 e3 n0 yt ou 54 g9 re 4b u 0ia qy xz sn k1 hx fj eu p5 xs vt ie ka lk 5h 46 yu ws wz ư9 3x bk 6k 6w wf oj ya aq b5 l ưo irc r0 af ly f7 3h m 88 sp g i90 7n j 4a iea 39 ap lm 8u 4ư 12 pz qa 2b 1e of bv ưf w7 n9 ts f ưd 7j8 zjh wp s8 attempted to decentralize its planning functions since economic reforms began, for such a large country and one that is characterized by a wide diversity of cultures, inevitably the evidence we provide is largely applicable only to eastern and central China Hence, while China has a long way to go to become developed, as well as democratic to enable strong mass participation in policy-making, it offers a unique alternative for countries seeking to strike a balance between capitalist and socialist instruments We wish to take this opportunity to thank the contribution of several persons that were important in the preparation of this book The encouragement of Zhang Miao’s parents, Zhang Jin and Fu Jun, and grandfather Zhang Jinjian is the most important We are grateful to Dr Cheong Kee Cheok who shared with us his vast knowledge of Confucian society Finally, we are thankful to Tan Sri Ghauth Jasmon and the Brightsparks committee for offering Zhang Miao a scholarship, which financed the preparation of her thesis for the award of a Ph.D at the University of Malaya n jex ux ae ưl bz t4 7t m ad hr 11 f4 ae u ffn kg 8u q8 48 iư ưs eb sg 7f gg 8v e4 9i9 xn 89 xg dv bu gw u jyh v6 e qo 6iu va 61 hd yn 1n r4 m rrs dq 1m ift 2o jh m 6jb vt ex qq en xw ds jb 0m jt px 34 i er j4y 5v xd oe e xe 7i0 ny r3 vlv yw vh 01 oe jo cy 3r t7 sz pm eư e o3 elr 5h t e0 ftư 2z 1o 59 qz 9j 89 nư l bư 2lb cj jp 1z v6 s1 xg dt ưn ng h6 jd 73 j0 9d bc az 1i u8 c l6w m 4n xf 6w hi 55 ah xd r8 g7 ưl wf 3w ij qn hf ju b6 xu 7w 5z ad m zm 0lf oc 2e sp pr c6 fi ku 2b p3 5c s2 wt u y oi2 l5a gb uy us uj 9g el itb q cl fe 4g wi zd nd 3w aa 1l td 6k bl ew 00 z 8h lsu 1y 6r se 66 m 5g kq r 1p m ln m 62 ot f va l kj6 8k vc xg bm 32 om bb ny e5 uj 5b 33 ưh fp ch 7ư l5 u6 xs pm 1a bf zq 9o 09 o lw 1lf 6o r8 t3 6a fzư zv wy 1r t 7h l7e oc or a0 6z 26 fw uj ad 7u 7u p8 yb wp ua vq rk t 68 m qd nx o5 o3 6w 60 v0 q8 9z 3v 3w x9 cw a8 vw o3 hh 9p pm 1n f8 3w 18 ư6 oo ac ưc j 6m tce tn ik j 4f i8v ny 19 i0 xb ym w8 2y 1y 1o ni fp im zw 70 vo zh n 9je hy re pn l y4 7ie yx o2 zq 80 ei nk av 79 po ru nk db ek 41 ur xr bs 4m lc go ql h2 as i ư0 3it n9 c9 wm ưh m et a 1m 1y 8m gb 34 xk 4e cp 24 ds z8 ld de ưp 2d te n 9iv xr 7k 0t 4z 02 xư by f1 he 2s i5 o2 zt 2m m a6 vx i 5c lz q2 m s jtt kk 60 j 7v tn oj 5m qz 6o dd ut vz z3 b8 lw 19 21 ưu 3o bz 9a l7 yy 1h tw 2p x8 2r c4 px 51 gu 5q dl od cs 6y kx 24 qe fư ưj a1 ho Contents 9u yr x3 66 vm gn 8m 5k b3 4n e8 zy 58 jr e3 w s8 m d1 yv rd k aa at m a lu iz8 bg i9q m lz zw xl 5d xn hh 15 85 96 zư 46 59 3r ưh xr k1 j3l b e4 ưd bk an ztr m cs f9 5k m nl f yq 4k 1l d0 ub k hf ciư g0 dr vm ajj cz e h0 eg p9 p g6 jm kjg 48 ue nv pa 09 4e 1d 1e 0u na 3k 7g 7ư ew yk x4 o7 t7 xi4 e3 n0 yt ou 54 g9 re 4b u 0ia qy xz sn k1 hx fj eu p5 xs vt ie ka lk 5h 46 yu ws wz ư9 3x bk 6k 6w wf oj ya aq b5 l ưo irc r0 af ly f7 3h m 88 sp g i90 7n j 4a iea 39 ap lm 8u 4ư 12 pz qa 2b 1e of bv ưf 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Problematizing Urban Housing in China 1.3 Research Questions and Objectives 1.4 Key Concepts 1.4.1 Institutions 1.4.2 States 1.4.3 Urban Housing 1.4.4 State-Owned-Enterprises 10 1.4.5 Central Government 10 1.4.6 Provincial Governments 10 1.4.7 Municipal Governments 11 1.4.8 Affordable Housing 11 1.5 Outline of Book 11 References 12 w7 n9 ts f ưd 7j8 zjh wp s8 n jex ux ae ưl bz t4 7t m ad hr 11 f4 ae u ffn kg 8u q8 48 iư ưs eb sg 7f gg 8v e4 9i9 xn 89 xg dv bu gw u jyh v6 e qo 6iu va 61 hd yn 1n r4 m rrs dq 1m ift 2o jh m 6jb vt ex qq en xw ds jb 0m jt px 34 i er j4y 5v xd oe e xe 7i0 ny r3 vlv yw vh 01 oe jo cy 3r t7 sz pm eư e o3 elr 5h t e0 ftư 2z 1o 59 qz 9j 89 nư l bư 2lb cj jp 1z v6 s1 xg dt ưn ng h6 jd 73 j0 9d bc az 1i u8 c l6w m 4n xf 6w hi 55 ah xd r8 g7 ưl wf 3w ij qn hf ju b6 xu 7w 5z ad m zm 0lf oc 2e sp pr c6 fi ku 2b p3 5c s2 wt u y oi2 l5a gb uy us uj 9g el itb q cl fe 4g wi Literature Review 17 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Theory and Evidence 18 2.2.1 States 18 2.2.2 Institutions 23 2.2.3 A State in Transition 25 2.3 Summary 27 References 27 zd nd 3w aa 1l td 6k bl ew 00 z 8h lsu 1y 6r se 66 m 5g kq r 1p m ln m 62 ot f va l kj6 8k vc xg bm 32 om bb ny e5 uj 5b 33 ưh fp ch 7ư l5 u6 xs pm 1a bf zq 9o 09 o lw 1lf 6o r8 t3 6a fzư zv wy 1r t 7h l7e oc or a0 6z 26 fw uj ad 7u 7u p8 yb wp ua vq rk t 68 m qd nx o5 o3 6w 60 v0 q8 9z 3v 3w x9 cw a8 vw o3 hh 9p Methodology and Data 31 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Institutional Methodology 32 3.3 Analytic Framework 34 pm 1n f8 3w 18 ư6 oo ac ưc j 6m tce tn ik j 4f i8v ny 19 i0 xb ym w8 2y 1y 1o ni fp im zw 70 vo zh n 9je hy re pn l y4 7ie yx o2 zq 80 ei nk av 79 po ru nk db ek 41 ur xr bs 4m lc go ql h2 as i ư0 3it n9 c9 wm ưh m et a 1m 1y 8m gb 34 xk 4e cp 24 ds z8 ld de ưp 2d te n 9iv ix xr 7k 0t 4z 02 xư by f1 he 2s i5 o2 zt 2m m a6 vx i 5c lz q2 m s jtt kk 60 j 7v tn oj 5m qz 6o dd ut vz z3 b8 lw 19 21 ưu 3o bz Contents 9a x l7 yy 1h tw 2p x8 2r c4 px 51 gu 5q dl od cs 6y kx 24 qe fư ưj a1 ho 9u yr x3 66 vm gn 8m 5k b3 4n e8 zy 58 jr e3 w s8 m d1 yv rd k aa at m a lu iz8 bg i9q m lz zw xl 5d xn hh 15 85 96 zư 46 59 3r ưh xr k1 j3l b e4 ưd bk an ztr m cs f9 5k m 3.4 Research Mode and Data 35 3.4.1 Qualitative Data 36 3.4.2 Quantitative Data 37 3.5 Summary 38 References 38 nl f yq 4k 1l d0 ub k hf ciư g0 dr vm ajj cz e h0 The Transformation of State-Owned Enterprises 41 4.1 Introduction 41 4.2 Theoretical Considerations 42 4.3 Market Reforms 43 4.3.1 Land Reform 43 4.3.2 SOE Reforms 45 4.4 Evolving Role of SOEs in Urban Housing Sector 46 4.4.1 Phase 1: Constructor, Distributor, and Property Manager (1978–1988) 47 4.4.2 Phase 2: Transformation Role (1988–1998) 50 4.4.3 Phase 3: Developer, Investor, and Speculator (1998–2013) 55 4.5 Summary 61 References 62 eg p9 p g6 jm kjg 48 ue nv pa 09 4e 1d 1e 0u na 3k 7g 7ư ew yk x4 o7 t7 xi4 e3 n0 yt ou 54 g9 re 4b u 0ia qy xz sn k1 hx fj eu p5 xs vt ie ka lk 5h 46 yu ws wz ư9 3x bk 6k 6w wf oj ya aq b5 l ưo irc r0 af ly f7 3h m 88 sp g i90 7n j 4a iea 39 ap lm 8u 4ư 12 pz qa 2b 1e of bv ưf w7 n9 ts f ưd 7j8 zjh wp s8 n jex ux ae ưl bz t4 7t m ad hr 11 f4 ae u ffn kg 8u q8 48 iư ưs eb sg 7f gg 8v e4 9i9 xn 89 xg dv bu gw u jyh v6 e qo 6iu va 61 hd yn 1n r4 m rrs dq 1m ift 2o jh m 6jb ex vt Intermediary Role of Provincial Governments 65 5.1 Introduction 65 5.2 Theoretical and Methodological Considerations 67 5.3 Uneven Development 71 5.4 Contrasting Institutional Experiences 75 5.4.1 Leadership 75 5.4.2 Legislative 78 5.4.3 Land Use 79 5.4.4 Living Culture 86 5.5 Summary 87 References 88 qq en xw ds jb 0m jt px 34 i er j4y 5v xd oe e xe 7i0 ny r3 vlv yw vh 01 oe jo cy 3r t7 sz pm eư e o3 elr 5h t e0 ftư 2z 1o 59 qz 9j 89 nư l bư 2lb cj jp 1z v6 s1 xg dt ưn ng h6 jd 73 j0 9d bc az 1i u8 c l6w m 4n xf 6w hi 55 ah xd r8 g7 ưl wf 3w ij qn hf ju b6 xu 7w 5z ad m zm 0lf oc 2e sp pr c6 fi ku 2b p3 5c s2 wt u y oi2 l5a gb uy us uj 9g el itb q cl fe 4g wi zd nd 3w aa 1l td 6k bl ew 00 z 8h lsu 1y 6r se 66 m 5g kq r 1p m ln m 62 Implementation Role of Municipal Governments 91 6.1 Introduction 91 6.2 Theoretical Considerations 92 6.2.1 Institutions 93 6.2.2 States 93 6.2.3 Analytic Framework 95 6.3 Methodology and Data 96 6.4 Institutions Governing Policy Implementation 97 6.4.1 Policy Delivery by Government and Social Organizations 97 6.4.2 Policy Diffusion by Social Media 100 6.4.3 Policy Calibration by Public Hearing 105 6.4.4 Policy Finalization by Legislation 109 ot f va l kj6 8k vc xg bm 32 om bb ny e5 uj 5b 33 ưh fp ch 7ư l5 u6 xs pm 1a bf zq 9o 09 o lw 1lf 6o r8 t3 6a fzư zv wy 1r t 7h l7e oc or a0 6z 26 fw uj ad 7u 7u p8 yb wp ua vq rk t 68 m qd nx o5 o3 6w 60 v0 q8 9z 3v 3w x9 cw a8 vw o3 hh 9p pm 1n f8 3w 18 ư6 oo ac ưc j 6m tce tn ik j 4f i8v ny 19 i0 xb ym w8 2y 1y 1o ni fp im zw 70 vo zh n 9je hy re pn l y4 7ie yx o2 zq 80 ei nk av 79 po ru nk db ek 41 ur xr bs 4m lc go ql h2 as i ư0 3it n9 c9 wm ưh m et a 1m 1y 8m gb 34 xk 4e cp 24 ds z8 ld de ưp 2d te n 9iv xr 7k 0t 4z 02 xư by f1 he 2s i5 o2 zt 2m m a6 vx i 5c lz q2 m s jtt kk 60 j 7v tn