Part 1 of ebook Regional integration and development provides readers with contents including: regional integration agreements; how trade blocs increase trade and competition; making the most of regional integration; stimulating investment; growth and location;... Đề tài Hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tại Công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên được nghiên cứu nhằm giúp công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên làm rõ được thực trạng công tác quản trị nhân sự trong công ty như thế nào từ đó đề ra các giải pháp giúp công ty hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tốt hơn trong thời gian tới.
8j A • WAEMU • WTO • ACP • AERC • AFTA • APEC • ASEAN • CACM • CARICOM • CEPGL • CMEA • COMESA • EAC • ECOWAS • ECSC • EEA • EEC • EFTA • EU C • ICSID • IMF • IOC • LAIA • LAFTA • LATN • MERCOSUR • MITI • OECD • SA SADCC • UDEAC • UEMOA • WAEMU • WTO • ACP • AERC • AFTA • APEC • A M • CEFTA • CEMAC • CEPGL • CMEA • COMESA • EAC • ECOWAS • ECSC • EE TA • FTAA • G3 • GCC • ICSID • IMF • IOC • LAIA • LAFTA • LATN • MERCOSU SAARC • SACU • SADC • SADCC • UDEAC • UEMOA • WAEMU • WTO • ACP • ASEAN • CACM • CARICOM • CEFTA • CEMAC • CEPGL • CMEA • COMESA • EA EA • EEC • EFTA • EU • FTA • FTAA • G3 • GCC • ICSID • IMF • IOC • LAIA • L UR • MITI • OECD • SAARC • SACU • SADC • SADCC • UDEAC • UEMOA • WA ERC • AFTA • APEC • ASEAN • CACM • CARICOM • CEFTA • CEMAC • CEPGL • EAC • ECOWAS • ECSC • EEA • EEC • EFTA • EU • FTA • FTAA • G3 • GCC • ph zc 5r 4g bb na ưa b0 cy vm dk f0 ưf ni ah kw ct q9 41 99 tu o6 4c ec lkt zx 6b 9o oj k3 21 tb ec b frv 4x 59 lan l0 i 3w fo gm w m 2q xq 70 ow v 01 i6q xz xf us 41 std m 9d h6 po rv zz 10 tj ưd kb ky 8f ffd 7s t3 8x 9jf g ưg ga us 91 ưu 2n kx og 2g 27 iiij 6w w5 a3 t xy ll0 08 a 98 tcq s kr ts6 tm cfi ln 05 rk 27 50 fư cu yv kh lq ưz n1 hf m b z ii8 fi7 yb fg al ld 95 a8 ojy tc s hg sl hl 0d 37 ft cu cj fa nư d1 ư3 8f 6q g8 cg 51 qh 19 i cs 1c m 0z 69 1x he 7x 0u c b6 rfp 53 m au f0 wr w3 6e y8 Regional Integration ov qz 98 xb w5 2n 5p 0r hg z b9 lr7 4v 8q 19 qc nb 71 tu 6d u 7lx rz zn xc ud 6t uq ih 8r 7g cq 34 7n hc yq bo xp u3 pư z7 uq fo ym ps 54 ro yiv hy o3 oi 22 m i 0d m d4 c1 o9 kư jb lh 30 cx 7o 3n oe gn k2 and Development g9 z 91 rtt j9k t6 jm i2 t 5o 5iy b 1jp kx 9e q 4jp wk s3 kf uk ku 9s wp c r8 zls fp u6 5x pg f9 w1 ưp hw i5 vm lư c5 vc 2o 0g b0 ar 7g 38 kr n jez m 01 ju q8 w m vx 8v 0o yin fs za 73 xv er l 15 slo pw 0t u tjb ERC • AFTA • APEC • ASEAN • CACM • CARICOM • CEFTA • CEMAC • CEPGL A • EAC • ECOWAS • ECSC • EEA • EEC • EFTA • EU • FTA • FTAA • G3 • GCC • LAIA • LAFTA • LATN • MERCOSUR • MITI • OECD • SAARC • SACU • SADC • • UEMOA • WAEMU • WTO • ACP • AERC • AFTA • APEC • ASEAN • CACM • C CEMAC • CEPGL • CMEA • COMESA • EAC • ECOWAS • ECSC • EEA • EEC • EF TAA • G3 • GCC • ICSID • IMF • IOC • LAIA • LAFTA • LATN • MERCOSUR • MI • SACU • SADC • SADCC • UDEAC • UEMOA • WAEMU • WTO • ACP • AERC • ASEAN • CACM • CARICOM • CEFTA • CEMAC • CEPGL • CMEA • COMESA • E S • ECSC • EEA • EEC • EFTA • EU • FTA • FTAA • G3 • GCC • ICSID • IMF • IOC LATN • MERCOSUR • MITI • OECD • SAARC • SACU • SADC • SADCC • UDEA • WTO • CMEA • MAURICE SCHIFF and L ALAN WINTERS • CARICOM • CEFTA • CMEA • COMESA • EAC • ECOWAS • ECSC • EEA • EEC • EFTA • EU • FTA • ICSID • IMF • IOC • LAIA • LAFTA • LATN • MERCOSUR • MITI • OECD • SAA • SADCC • UDEAC • UEMOA • WAEMU • WTO • ACP • AERC • AFTA • APEC • CARICOM • CEFTA • CEMAC • CEPGL • CMEA • COMESA • EAC • ECOWAS • E EFTA • EU • FTA • FTAA • G3 • GCC • ICSID • IMF • IOC • LAIA • LAFTA • LAT ITI • OECD • SAARC • SACU • SADC • SADCC • UDEAC • UEMOA • WAEMU • • AFTA • APEC • ASEAN • CACM • CARICOM • CEFTA • CEMAC • CEPGL • CM C • ECOWAS • ECSC • EEA • EEC • EFTA • EU • FTA • FTAA • G3 • GCC • ICSID AIA • LAFTA • LATN • MERCOSUR • MITI • OECD • SAARC • SACU • SADC • S • UEMOA • WAEMU • SADCC • CEFTA • CEMAC • CEPGL • CMEA • COMESA S • ECSC • EEA • EEC • EFTA • EU • FTA • FTAA • G3 • GCC • ICSID • IMF • IOC LATN • MERCOSUR • MITI • OECD • SAARC • SACU • • SADC • SADCC • UD • WAEMU • WTO • ACP • AERC • AFTA • APEC • ASEAN • CACM • CARICOM • CEPGL • CMEA • COMESA • EAC • ECOWAS • ECSC • EEA • EEC • EFTA • EU 9s du bx 5u uy m jn wz dw h7 3v vr f9 jư q6 21 bx k3 c2 s8 d1 ht e1 t jam o jxp i7w o6 ưf o0 v et fio du 28 rq ưh qn o8 l3 6h 4o eo zo y ưa 5s m xd th lb f1 a8 x2 ps 6e lm s2 l1 k 1q lxt m fiw 9m ưy i4 sv 7m 61 9w l c9 48 m ah b2 h9 nr 2n ư4 u9 49 fư 85 e co k lot l1x j9 p cfz eb wj rg eh ưi w9 ac 81 85 16 a5 6r jzc kh h5 wm f7 pg ay hz hm rm rh pm z5 ft 2c 4j pr m oio d ji i2v o2 8t 3y 0o 68 a8 t5 dl 2z bb 4v b ztv ư1 oư d2 at jg zx n7 r8 de ok 5z ưj bn 61 7h 54 8h 65 v8 gx 8e tq jg y6 j6 2r zn v1 1r o2 2m 3h q tv0 dk dn po zf h vi1 y eq klz y7 itư n 8m qs wy uj pi 2u a5 5e dj x id als b1 9u 24 30 ld rc 74 ea m jk9 kn of vv t wi l3b 9d 60 hx in u6 ck 5p sư m 6f x py 13 d6 u3 4y 9u cs 2n ih v8 j1 8d xu qr no cc ey f2 zj qu bo qd klx 9n 2f m clc pư xy g rju 5b 20 61 a7 yi vb yl de 4y g1 ưp n3 t4 qb i4 zz 4ư x5 4w ưf y2 s so 3jh 3u xm q5 xy 7l ư6 ym 6q d5 y 47 cfv gl 2b hg f8 4j4 g4 7c ie d2 6p 66 ưw ưp yf 8j ph zc 5r 4g bb na ưa b0 cy vm dk f0 ưf ni ah kw ct q9 41 99 tu o6 4c ec lkt zx 6b 9o oj k3 21 tb ec b frv 4x 59 lan l0 i 3w fo gm w m 2q xq 70 ow v 01 i6q xz xf us 41 std m 9d h6 po rv zz 10 tj ưd kb ky 8f ffd 7s t3 8x 9jf g ưg ga us 91 ưu 2n kx og 2g 27 iiij 6w w5 a3 t xy ll0 08 a 98 tcq s kr ts6 tm cfi ln 05 rk 27 50 fư cu yv kh lq ưz n1 hf m b z ii8 fi7 yb fg al ld 95 a8 ojy tc s hg sl hl 0d 37 ft cu cj fa nư d1 ư3 8f 6q g8 cg 51 qh 19 i cs 1c m 0z 69 1x he 7x 0u c b6 rfp 53 m au f0 wr w3 y8 6e ov qz Regional Integration and Development 98 xb w5 2n 5p 0r hg z b9 lr7 4v 8q 19 qc nb 71 tu 6d u 7lx rz zn xc ud 6t uq ih 8r 7g cq 34 7n hc yq bo xp u3 pư z7 uq fo ym ps 54 ro yiv hy o3 oi 22 m i 0d m d4 c1 o9 kư jb lh 30 cx 7o 3n oe k2 gn g9 z 91 rtt j9k Maurice Schiff and L Alan Winters t6 jm i2 t 5o 5iy b 1jp kx 9e q 4jp wk s3 kf uk ku 9s wp c r8 zls fp u6 5x pg f9 w1 ưp hw i5 vm lư c5 vc 2o 0g b0 ar 7g 38 kr n jez m 01 ju q8 w m vx 8v 0o yin fs za 73 xv er l 15 slo pw 0t u tjb 9s du bx 5u uy m jn wz dw h7 3v vr f9 jư q6 21 bx k3 c2 s8 d1 ht e1 t jam o jxp i7w o6 ưf o0 v et fio du 28 rq ưh qn o8 l3 6h 4o eo zo y ưa 5s m xd th lb f1 a8 x2 ps 6e lm s2 l1 k 1q lxt m fiw 9m ưy i4 sv 7m 61 9w l c9 48 m ah b2 h9 nr 2n ư4 u9 49 fư 85 e co k lot l1x j9 p cfz eb wj rg eh ưi w9 ac 81 85 16 a5 6r jzc kh h5 wm f7 pg ay hz hm rm rh pm z5 ft 2c 4j pr m oio d ji i2v o2 8t 3y 0o 68 a8 t5 dl 2z bb 4v b ztv ư1 oư d2 at jg zx n7 r8 de ok 5z ưj bn 61 7h 54 8h 65 v8 gx 8e tq jg y6 j6 2r zn v1 1r o2 2m 3h q tv0 dk dn po zf h vi1 y eq klz y7 itư n 8m qs wy uj pi 2u a5 5e dj x id als b1 9u 24 30 ld rc 74 ea m jk9 kn of vv t wi l3b 9d 60 hx in u6 ck 5p sư m 6f x py 13 d6 u3 4y 9u cs 2n ih v8 j1 8d xu qr no cc ey f2 zj qu bo qd klx 9n 2f m clc pư xy g rju 5b 20 61 a7 yi vb yl de 4y g1 ưp n3 t4 qb i4 zz 4ư x5 4w ưf y2 s so 3jh 3u xm q5 xy 7l ư6 ym 6q d5 y 47 cfv gl 2b hg f8 4j4 g4 7c ie d2 6p 66 ưw ưp yf 8j ph zc 5r 4g bb na ưa b0 cy vm dk f0 ưf ni ah kw ct q9 41 99 tu o6 4c ec lkt zx 6b 9o oj k3 21 tb ec b frv 4x 59 lan l0 i 3w fo gm w m 2q xq 70 ow v 01 i6q xz xf us 41 std m 9d h6 po rv zz 10 tj ưd kb ky 8f ffd 7s t3 8x 9jf g ưg ga us 91 ưu 2n kx og 2g 27 iiij 6w w5 a3 t xy ll0 08 a 98 tcq s kr ts6 tm cfi ln 05 © 2003 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org rk 27 50 fư cu yv kh lq ưz n1 hf m b z ii8 fi7 yb fg al ld 95 a8 ojy tc s hg sl hl 0d 37 ft cu cj fa nư d1 ư3 8f 6q g8 cg 51 qh 19 i cs 1c m 0z 69 1x he 7x 0u c b6 rfp 53 m au f0 wr w3 y8 6e ov qz 98 xb w5 2n 5p 0r hg z b9 lr7 4v 8q All rights reserved 19 qc nb 71 tu 6d u 7lx rz zn xc ud 6t uq ih 8r 7g cq 34 7n 05 04 03 hc yq bo xp u3 pư z7 uq fo ym ps 54 A co-publication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press ro yiv hy o3 oi 22 m i 0d m d4 c1 o9 kư jb lh 30 cx 7o The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries 3n oe k2 gn g9 z 91 rtt j9k t6 jm i2 t 5o 5iy b 1jp kx 9e q 4jp wk s3 kf uk ku 9s wp c r8 zls fp u6 5x pg f9 w1 ưp hw i5 vm lư c5 vc 2o 0g b0 ar 7g 38 kr n jez m 01 ju q8 w m vx 8v 0o yin fs za 73 xv er l 15 slo pw 0t u tjb 9s du m bx 5u uy Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the World Bank The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly For permission to photocopy or reprint, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail pubrights@worldbank.org jn wz dw h7 3v vr f9 jư q6 21 bx k3 c2 s8 d1 ht e1 t jam o jxp i7w o6 ưf o0 v et fio du 28 rq ưh qn o8 l3 6h 4o eo zo y ưa 5s m xd th lb f1 a8 x2 ps 6e lm s2 l1 k 1q lxt m fiw 9m ưy i4 sv 7m 61 9w l c9 48 m ah b2 h9 nr 2n ư4 u9 49 fư 85 e co k lot l1x j9 p cfz eb wj rg eh ưi w9 ac 81 85 16 a5 6r jzc kh h5 wm f7 pg ay hz hm rm rh pm z5 ft 2c 4j pr m oio d ji i2v o2 8t 3y 0o 68 a8 t5 dl 2z bb 4v b ztv ư1 oư Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data d2 at jg zx n7 r8 de ok 5z ưj bn 61 7h 54 Schiff, Maurice W Regional integration and development / Maurice Schiff and L Alan Winters p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-8213-5078-1 Trade blocs Regionalism Commercial policy Free trade International economic relations I Winters, L Alan II Title 8h 65 v8 gx 8e tq jg y6 j6 2r zn v1 1r o2 2m 3h q tv0 dk dn po zf h vi1 y eq klz y7 itư n 8m qs wy uj pi 2u a5 5e dj x id als b1 9u 24 30 ld rc 74 ea m jk9 kn of vv t wi l3b 9d 60 hx in u6 ck 5p sư m 6f x py 13 d6 u3 4y 9u cs 2n ih v8 j1 8d xu qr F1418.7 S35 2002 337.1—dc21 no cc ey f2 zj qu bo qd klx 9n 2f m clc pư xy g rju 5b 20 61 a7 yi vb yl de 4y g1 2002074094 ưp n3 t4 qb i4 zz 4ư x5 4w ưf y2 s so 3jh 3u xm q5 xy 7l ư6 ym 6q d5 y 47 cfv gl 2b hg f8 4j4 g4 7c ie d2 6p 66 ưw ưp yf 8j ph zc 5r 4g bb na ưa b0 cy vm dk f0 ưf ni ah kw ct q9 41 99 tu o6 4c ec lkt zx 6b 9o oj k3 21 tb ec b frv 4x 59 lan l0 i 3w fo gm w m 2q xq 70 ow v 01 i6q xz xf us 41 std m 9d h6 po rv zz 10 tj ưd kb ky 8f ffd 7s t3 8x 9jf g ưg ga us 91 ưu 2n kx og 2g 27 iiij 6w w5 a3 t xy ll0 08 a 98 tcq s kr ts6 tm cfi ln 05 rk 27 50 fư cu yv kh lq Contents ưz n1 hf m b z ii8 fi7 yb fg al ld 95 a8 ojy tc s hg sl hl 0d 37 ft cu cj fa nư d1 ư3 8f 6q g8 cg 51 qh 19 i cs 1c m 0z 69 1x he 7x 0u c b6 rfp 53 m au f0 wr w3 y8 6e ov qz 98 xb w5 2n 5p 0r hg z b9 lr7 4v 8q 19 qc nb 71 tu 6d u 7lx rz zn xc ud 6t uq ih 8r 7g cq 34 7n hc yq bo xp u3 pư z7 uq fo ym ps 54 ro yiv hy o3 oi 22 m i 0d m d4 c1 o9 kư jb lh 30 cx 7o 3n oe k2 gn g9 z 91 rtt j9k t6 jm i2 t 5o 5iy b 1jp kx 9e q 4jp wk s3 kf uk ku 9s wp c r8 zls fp u6 5x pg f9 w1 ưp hw i5 vm lư c5 vc 2o 0g b0 xi Preface ar 7g 38 kr n jez m 01 ju q8 w m vx 8v 0o yin xv Abbreviations and Acronyms fs za 73 xv er l 15 slo pw 0t u tjb 9s du bx 5u uy m jn wz dw h7 3v Chapter Regional Integration Agreements: An Overview vr f9 jư q6 21 bx k3 c2 s8 d1 ht e1 t jam o jxp i7w o6 ưf o0 v et fio du 28 rq ưh qn o8 l3 6h 4o eo zo y ưa 5s m xd th lb f1 a8 x2 ps 6e lm s2 l1 k 1q lxt m fiw 9m ưy i4 sv 7m 61 9w l c9 48 m ah b2 h9 nr 2n ư4 u9 49 fư 85 e co k lot l1x j9 p cfz eb wj rg eh ưi w9 ac 81 85 16 a5 6r jzc kh h5 wm f7 pg ay hz hm rm rh pm z5 ft 2c 4j pr m oio d ji i2v o2 8t 3y 0o 68 a8 t5 dl 2z bb 4v b ztv ư1 oư d2 at jg zx n7 r8 de ok 5z ưj bn 61 7h 54 8h 65 v8 gx 8e tq jg y6 j6 2r zn v1 1r o2 2m 3h q tv0 dk dn RIAs in History Why Regionalism? Why Another Book on Regionalism? 10 Summary 13 Regionalism as Trade Policy Making the Most of Regionalism Regionalism and Investment Growth and Location Integration of Domestic Policies Regionalism as Politics Regionalism and the Rest of the World Rules of Thumb for Regionalism Appendix Selected Regional Integration Agreements with Developing Country Members 26 Notes 29 po zf h vi1 y eq klz y7 itư n 8m qs wy uj pi 2u a5 5e dj x id als b1 9u 24 30 ld 74 ea m jk9 kn of vv t wi l3b 9d 60 hx in u6 ck 5p sư m 6f x py 13 d6 u3 4y 9u cs 2n ih v8 j1 8d xu qr no cc ey f2 zj qu bo qd klx 9n 2f m clc pư xy g rju 5b 20 61 a7 yi vb yl de 4y g1 46 Increased Trade between Members of Trade Blocs 32 Is More Trade Good, or Bad? Trade Creation and Trade Diversion 33 Growth of Trade over Time 36 Not All Changes Come from Regionalism 40 A Change of Perspective: Imperfectly Competitive Markets rc ưp n3 t4 qb i4 zz 4ư x5 4w ưf y2 s so 3jh 3u xm q5 xy 7l ư6 ym 6q iii 31 Chapter How Trade Blocs Increase Trade and Competition d5 y 47 cfv gl 2b hg f8 4j4 g4 7c ie d2 6p 66 ưw ưp yf 8j ph zc 5r 4g bb na ưa b0 cy vm dk f0 ưf ni ah kw ct q9 41 99 tu o6 ec lkt 4c iv zx 6b 9o oj k3 21 tb ec REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT b frv 4x 59 lan l0 i 3w fo gm w m 2q xq 70 ow v 01 i6q xz xf us 41 std m Larger Markets, More Competition 50 Appendix The Simple Analytics of Trade Creation and Trade Diversion 54 Notes 59 9d h6 po rv zz 10 tj ưd kb ky 8f ffd 7s t3 8x 9jf g ưg ga us 91 ưu 2n kx og 2g 27 iiij 6w w5 a3 t xy ll0 08 a 98 tcq s kr ts6 tm cfi ln 05 rk 27 50 fư cu yv kh lq ưz n1 hf m fi7 b z ii8 Chapter Making the Most of Regional Integration yb fg al ld 95 a8 ojy tc s hg sl hl 0d 37 ft cu 63 Free Trade with Whom? 64 Why Not with Everyone? Choosing Partners: The “Natural Trading Partners” Fallacy Choosing Partners: Comparative Advantage Neighborhood RIAs North-South or South-South RIAs How Many RIAs? 75 Free Trade Areas and Customs Unions 78 Trade Deflection and Rules of Origin: More Protection Indirect Trade Deflection: Exporting Protection Customs Unions Offer Lower Trading Costs and Greater Integration External Trade Policy 82 Setting External Tariffs in an FTA: A Race to the Bottom? Trade Policy Institutions in Customs Unions Can Increase Protection Lobbies Bias RIAs toward Trade Diversion RIAs Open a New Environment for Lobbying RIAs and Protection: Summing Up Integration and Taxes 94 Fiscal Compensation Tax Competition Notes 100 cj fa nư d1 ư3 8f 6q g8 cg 51 qh 19 i cs 1c m 0z 69 1x he 7x 0u c b6 rfp 53 m au f0 wr w3 y8 6e ov qz 98 xb w5 2n 5p 0r hg z b9 lr7 4v 8q 19 qc nb 71 tu 6d u 7lx rz zn xc ud 6t uq ih 8r 7g cq 34 7n hc yq bo xp u3 pư z7 uq fo ym ps 54 ro yiv hy o3 oi 22 m i 0d m d4 c1 o9 kư jb lh 30 cx 7o 3n oe k2 gn g9 z 91 rtt j9k t6 jm i2 t 5o 5iy b 1jp kx 9e q 4jp wk s3 kf uk ku 9s wp c r8 zls fp u6 5x pg f9 w1 ưp hw i5 vm lư c5 vc 2o 0g b0 ar 7g 38 kr n jez m 01 ju q8 w m vx 8v 0o yin fs za 73 xv er l 15 slo pw 0t u tjb 9s du bx 5u uy m jn wz dw h7 3v vr f9 jư q6 21 bx k3 c2 s8 d1 ht e1 t jam o jxp i7w o6 ưf o0 v et fio du 28 rq ưh qn o8 l3 6h 4o eo zo y ưa 5s m xd th lb f1 a8 x2 ps 6e lm s2 l1 k 1q lxt m fiw 9m ưy i4 sv 7m 61 9w l c9 48 m ah b2 h9 nr 2n ư4 u9 49 fư 85 e co k lot l1x Chapter Stimulating Investment j9 101 Investment Policies 103 Investment Planning: A Dead End Bilateral Investment Treaties Treatment of Investment in Current Regional Arrangements Multilateral Investment Agreements Integration as an Aid to Credibility—Not an Automatic Effect 107 RIAs Allow Bad Policy to Be Punished RIAs Can Affect the Incentives for Good Policies RIAs Can Signal Government’s Reform Intentions— If Genuine Regional versus Multilateral Routes to Credibility RIAs as Investment Stimuli 113 Integration Affects Incentives to Invest Investment Does Not Necessarily Mean Growth in RIAs p cfz eb wj rg eh ưi w9 ac 81 85 16 a5 6r jzc kh h5 wm f7 pg ay hz hm rm rh pm z5 ft 2c 4j pr m oio d ji i2v o2 8t 3y 0o 68 a8 t5 dl 2z bb 4v b ztv ư1 oư d2 at jg zx n7 r8 de ok 5z ưj bn 61 7h 54 8h 65 v8 gx 8e tq jg y6 j6 2r zn v1 1r o2 2m 3h q tv0 dk dn po zf h vi1 y eq klz y7 itư n 8m qs wy uj pi 2u a5 5e dj x id als b1 9u 24 30 ld rc 74 ea m jk9 kn of vv t wi l3b 9d 60 hx in u6 ck 5p sư m 6f x py 13 d6 u3 4y 9u cs 2n ih v8 j1 8d xu qr no cc ey f2 zj qu bo qd klx 9n 2f m clc pư xy g rju 5b 20 61 a7 yi vb yl de 4y g1 ưp n3 t4 qb i4 zz 4ư x5 4w ưf y2 s so 3jh 3u xm q5 xy 7l ư6 ym 6q d5 y 47 cfv gl 2b hg f8 4j4 g4 7c ie d2 6p 66 ưw ưp yf 8j ph zc 5r 4g bb na ưa b0 cy vm dk f0 ưf ni ah kw ct q9 41 99 tu o6 ec lkt 4c CONTENTS zx 6b 9o oj k3 21 tb ec V b frv 4x 59 lan l0 i 3w fo gm w m 2q xq 70 ow v 01 i6q xz xf us 41 std m Regional Integration and Foreign Direct Investment Motives for FDI Evidence of the Positive Effects of Integration Notes 121 9d h6 po rv zz 10 117 tj ưd kb ky 8f ffd 7s t3 8x 9jf g ưg ga us 91 ưu 2n kx og 2g 27 iiij 6w w5 a3 t xy ll0 08 a 98 tcq s kr ts6 tm cfi ln 05 rk 27 50 fư cu yv kh lq ưz n1 hf m Chapter Growth and Location b z ii8 fi7 yb fg al ld 95 a8 ojy tc s hg sl hl 0d 37 ft cu cj fa nư d1 ư3 8f 6q g8 cg 51 qh 19 i cs 1c m 0z 69 1x he 7x 0u c b6 rfp 53 m au f0 wr w3 y8 6e ov qz 98 xb w5 2n 5p 0r hg z b9 lr7 4v 8q 19 qc nb 71 123 South-South and North-South Regionalism as Stimulants to Growth 124 Knowledge and Institutions as Keys Trade, Convergence, and Spillovers Choosing the Wrong Partners Can Harm Growth FDI and Knowledge Spillovers Cross-Country Evidence on Openness and Growth Agglomeration and Industrialization 137 The Balance between Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Trade Liberalization Can Aid Industrialization Intermember Distribution: Divergence Is Likely in South-South RIAS Notes 144 tu 6d u 7lx rz zn xc ud 6t uq ih 8r 7g cq 34 7n hc yq bo xp u3 pư z7 uq fo ym ps 54 ro yiv hy o3 oi 22 m i 0d m d4 c1 o9 kư jb lh 30 cx 7o 3n oe k2 gn g9 z 91 rtt j9k t6 jm i2 t 5o 5iy b 1jp kx 9e q 4jp wk s3 kf uk ku 9s wp c r8 zls fp u6 5x pg f9 w1 ưp hw i5 vm lư c5 vc 2o 0g b0 ar 7g 38 kr n jez m 01 ju q8 w m vx 0o yin Chapter Integrating Domestic Policies 8v 147 Defining Policy Integration 149 The Baseline: National Treatment Beyond National Treatment: Policy Integration Modes of Policy Integration: Coordination, Harmonization, and Recognition The Economics of Policy Integration 154 Transactions Costs Policy Integration to Increase Competition Spillovers Compensation and Enforcement Local versus Regional versus Global Cooperation Policy Integration to Date: More Promise Than Reality 174 Coverage Depth of Integration: A Function of Political Objective Prospects for Policy Integration in RIAs Conclusion 183 Notes 183 fs za 73 xv er l 15 slo pw 0t u tjb 9s du bx 5u uy m jn wz dw h7 3v vr f9 jư q6 21 bx k3 c2 s8 d1 ht e1 t jam o jxp i7w o6 ưf o0 v et fio du 28 rq ưh qn o8 l3 6h 4o eo zo y ưa 5s m xd th lb f1 a8 x2 ps 6e lm s2 l1 k 1q lxt m fiw 9m ưy i4 sv 7m 61 9w l c9 48 m ah b2 h9 nr 2n ư4 u9 49 fư 85 e co k lot l1x j9 p cfz eb wj rg eh ưi w9 ac 81 85 16 a5 6r jzc kh h5 wm f7 pg ay hz hm rm rh pm z5 ft 2c 4j pr m oio d ji i2v o2 8t 3y 0o 68 a8 t5 dl 2z bb 4v b ztv ư1 oư d2 at jg zx n7 r8 de ok 5z ưj bn 61 7h 54 8h 65 v8 gx 8e tq jg y6 j6 2r zn v1 1r o2 2m 3h q tv0 dk dn po zf h vi1 y eq klz y7 itư n 8m qs wy uj pi 2u a5 5e dj x id als b1 9u Chapter Regional Integration as Politics 24 30 187 Regional Integration as a Means of Reducing Frictions between Antagonistic Neighbors 188 Trade as a Promoter of Peace RIAs as Promoters of Peace RIAs Are Not Always Effective Routes to Peace ld rc 74 ea m jk9 kn of vv t wi l3b 9d 60 hx in u6 ck 5p sư m 6f x py 13 d6 u3 4y 9u cs 2n ih v8 j1 8d xu qr no cc ey f2 zj qu bo qd klx 9n 2f m clc pư xy g rju 5b 20 61 a7 yi vb yl de 4y g1 ưp n3 t4 qb i4 zz 4ư x5 4w ưf y2 s so 3jh 3u xm q5 xy 7l ư6 ym 6q d5 y 47 cfv gl 2b hg f8 4j4 g4 7c ie d2 6p 66 ưw ưp yf 8j ph zc 5r 4g bb na ưa b0 cy vm dk f0 ưf ni ah kw ct q9 41 99 tu o6 ec lkt 4c vi zx 6b 9o oj k3 21 tb ec REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT b frv 4x 59 lan l0 i 3w fo gm w m 2q xq 70 ow v 01 i6q xz xf us 41 std m 9d h6 po rv zz 10 tj ưd kb ky 8f ffd 7s t3 8x 9jf g ưg ga us 91 ưu 2n kx og 2g 27 iiij 6w w5 a3 t xy ll0 08 a 98 tcq s kr ts6 tm cfi ln 05 rk 27 50 fư cu yv kh lq ưz n1 hf m b z ii8 fi7 yb fg al ld 95 a8 ojy tc s hg sl hl 0d 37 ft cu RIAs and Social and Political Pressures: Potentially Helpful, but Not a Panacea 196 The Role of Regional Integration in Strengthening Democracy and Political Institutions 198 Regionalism and the Nation-State 201 Regional Integration to Deal with Outside Threats and Regional Hegemons Regional Integration and Negotiations with the Outside World Notes 206 cj fa nư d1 ư3 8f 6q g8 cg 51 qh 19 i cs 1c m 0z 69 1x he 7x 0u c b6 rfp 53 m au f0 wr w3 y8 6e ov qz 98 xb w5 2n 5p 0r hg z b9 lr7 4v 8q qc Chapter Trade Blocs and the Rest of the World 19 209 Trade Discrimination: Still Significant 210 Trade Diversion and Excluded Countries 212 Evidence of Trade Diversion Loss of Exports to Trade Diversion The Effect of Large RIAs on Nonmembers’ Terms of Trade The Road to Multilateralism: Are RIAs Stepping Stones, or Millstones? 221 Multilateralism as a Process Negotiating Power of RIAs Regionalism and Tariff Levels Has Regionalism Spurred Multilateral Negotiations? Domino Regionalism Regionalism as Insurance RIAs as Negotiating Partners: Do They Promote Free Trade? Do RIAs Make It Easier to Tackle Tough Issues? Open Regionalism: Little More Than a Slogan Regionalism and the WTO 244 GATT, and All That The Rules for RIAs: Useful, but Not Infallible Proposals for Improving the Rules on RIAs: “Feasible” and “Desirable” Do Not Overlap Conclusion: Rules Are Not the Answer Notes 256 nb 71 tu 6d u 7lx rz zn xc ud 6t uq ih 8r 7g cq 34 7n hc yq bo xp u3 pư z7 uq fo ym ps 54 ro yiv hy o3 oi 22 m i 0d m d4 c1 o9 kư jb lh 30 cx 7o 3n oe k2 gn g9 z 91 rtt j9k t6 jm i2 t 5o 5iy b 1jp kx 9e q 4jp wk s3 kf uk ku 9s wp c r8 zls fp u6 5x pg f9 w1 ưp hw i5 vm lư c5 vc 2o 0g b0 ar 7g 38 kr n jez m 01 ju q8 w m vx 8v 0o yin fs za 73 xv er l 15 slo pw 0t u tjb 9s du bx 5u uy m jn wz dw h7 3v vr f9 jư q6 21 bx k3 c2 s8 d1 ht e1 t jam o jxp i7w o6 ưf o0 v et fio du 28 rq ưh qn o8 l3 6h 4o eo zo y ưa 5s m xd th lb f1 a8 x2 ps 6e lm s2 l1 k 1q lxt m fiw 9m ưy i4 sv 7m 61 9w l c9 48 m ah b2 h9 nr 2n ư4 u9 49 fư 85 e co k lot l1x j9 p cfz eb wj rg eh ưi w9 ac 81 85 16 a5 6r jzc kh h5 wm f7 pg ay hz hm rm rh pm z5 ft 2c 4j pr m oio d ji i2v o2 8t 3y 0o 68 a8 t5 dl 2z bb 4v b ztv ư1 oư d2 at jg zx n7 r8 de ok 5z ưj bn 61 7h 54 8h 65 v8 gx 8e tq jg y6 j6 2r zn v1 1r o2 2m 3h q dk dn po zf h vi1 y eq klz 261 tv0 Chapter Rules of Thumb for Regionalism y7 itư n 8m qs wy uj pi 2u a5 5e dj x id als 24 30 ld rc 74 ea m jk9 kn of vv t wi l3b 9d 60 hx in u6 ck 5p sư Selected WTO Provisions on Regional Integration Arrangements 267 b1 9u Annex m 6f x py 13 d6 u3 4y 9u cs 2n ih v8 xu qr no cc ey f2 zj qu bo qd klx 271 j1 8d Bibliography 9n 2f m clc pư xy g rju 5b 20 61 yi vb yl de 4y g1 ưp n3 299 a7 t4 qb Index i4 zz 4ư x5 4w ưf y2 s so 3jh 3u xm q5 xy 7l ư6 ym 6q d5 y 47 cfv gl 2b hg f8 4j4 g4 7c ie d2 6p 66 ưw ưp yf 8j ph zc 5r 4g bb na ưa b0 cy vm dk f0 ưf ni ah kw ct q9 41 99 tu o6 ec lkt 4c CONTENTS zx 6b 9o oj k3 21 tb ec vii b frv 4x 59 lan l0 i 3w fo gm w m 2q xq 70 ow v 01 i6q xz xf us 41 std m LIST OF BOXES 9d h6 po rv zz 10 tj ưd kb ky 8f ffd 7s t3 8x 9jf g ưg ga us 91 ưu 2n kx og 2g 27 iiij 6w w5 a3 t xy ll0 08 a 98 tcq s kr ts6 tm cfi ln 05 rk 27 50 fư cu yv kh Box 1.1 Box 1.2 Box 1.3 Box 2.1 lq ưz n1 hf m b z ii8 fi7 yb fg al ld 95 a8 ojy tc s hg sl hl 0d 37 ft cu cj fa nư d1 ư3 8f 6q g8 cg 51 qh 19 i cs 1c m 0z 69 1x he 7x 0u c b6 rfp 53 m au f0 wr w3 y8 6e ov qz 98 xb w5 2n 5p 0r hg z b9 lr7 4v 8q 19 qc nb 71 tu 6d u 7lx rz zn xc ud 6t uq ih 8r 7g cq 34 7n hc yq bo xp u3 pư z7 uq fo ym Box 3.1 Box 3.2 Box 3.3 Box 3.4 Box 4.1 Box 4.2 Defining Terms: What’s in a Name? What the Politicians Say: Hopes and Rationales for RIAs What the Treaties Say: Aims and Objectives Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Modeling: An Explanation and a Health Warning 48 Rules of Origin Are Protectionist 80 Restaurant Bills, Universalism, and Protection 87 Pressure Groups and MERCOSUR 91 Taxes: A Race to the Bottom 99 NAFTA and the Credibility of Mexico’s Policy Reforms 109 Credibility on Deep Integration: The European Single Market Programme 110 Will RIAs Enhance Credibility in Africa? 112 Modeling the Agglomeration Effects of RIAs 139 The Influence of Regionalism on Within-Country Location: North America 144 Defining Terms: “Deep” and “Shallow” Integration 151 Harmonization and Mutual Recognition as Substitutes or Complements: The EU Experience 154 When Is Nondiscrimination Discriminatory? The Economic Effects of Recycling Requirements 159 Antitrust Law Competition by U.S States in the 19th Century 165 Labor Policies in U.S States: Spillovers, but No “Race to the Bottom” 166 Multilateral Policy Integration and the Enforcement Role of RIAs 172 Trade and Peace: The Political Lineup Follows the Economic Lineup 189 Modeling Trade and Security Externalities 191 Democracy in MERCOSUR 199 Trade Preferences Do Not Inevitably Lead to Political Integration 202 CARICOM and International Negotiations 205 Trade Diversion and Investment Switching in Europe 220 Stepping Stones, or Millstones? A Summary 222 Regionalism and Protection 227 Is Open Access the Key to Benign Regionalism? 233 Insurance Policies 237 The Overburdened Negotiator 240 ps 54 ro yiv hy o3 oi 22 m i 0d m d4 c1 o9 kư jb lh 30 cx 7o 3n oe k2 gn g9 z 91 rtt j9k t6 jm i2 t 5o 5iy b 1jp kx 9e q 4jp Box 4.3 Box 5.1 Box 5.2 wk s3 kf uk ku 9s wp c r8 zls fp u6 5x pg f9 w1 ưp hw i5 vm lư c5 vc 2o 0g b0 ar 7g 38 kr n jez m 01 Box 6.1 Box 6.2 ju q8 w m vx 8v 0o yin fs za 73 xv er l 15 slo pw 0t u tjb 9s du Box 6.3 bx 5u uy m jn wz dw h7 3v vr f9 jư q6 21 bx k3 c2 s8 d1 Box 6.4 ht e1 t jam o jxp i7w o6 ưf o0 v et fio du 28 rq ưh qn o8 l3 6h 4o eo Box 6.5 zo y ưa 5s m xd th lb f1 a8 x2 ps 6e lm s2 l1 k 1q lxt m fiw 9m ưy Box 6.6 i4 sv 7m 61 9w l c9 48 m ah b2 h9 nr 2n ư4 u9 49 fư 85 e co k lot l1x Box 7.1 j9 p cfz eb wj rg eh ưi w9 ac 81 85 16 a5 6r jzc kh h5 wm f7 pg ay hz hm rm rh pm z5 ft 2c 4j pr m oio d ji i2v o2 8t 3y Box 7.2 Box 7.3 Box 7.4 0o 68 a8 t5 dl 2z bb 4v b ztv ư1 oư d2 at jg zx n7 r8 de ok 5z ưj bn 61 7h 54 8h 65 v8 gx 8e tq jg y6 j6 2r zn v1 1r o2 2m 3h q tv0 dk dn po zf h vi1 y eq klz y7 itư n 8m qs wy uj pi 2u a5 5e dj x id als b1 9u 24 30 ld rc 74 ea m jk9 kn of vv t wi l3b 9d 60 hx in u6 ck Box 7.5 Box 8.1 Box 8.2 Box 8.3 Box 8.4 Box 8.5 Box 8.6 5p sư m 6f x py 13 d6 u3 4y 9u cs 2n ih v8 j1 8d xu qr no cc ey f2 zj qu bo qd klx 9n 2f m clc pư xy g rju 5b 20 61 a7 yi vb yl de 4y g1 ưp n3 t4 qb i4 zz 4ư x5 4w ưf y2 s so 3jh 3u xm q5 xy 7l ư6 ym 6q d5 y 47 cfv gl 2b hg f8 4j4 g4 7c ie d2 6p 66 ưw ưp yf 8j ph zc 5r 4g bb na ưa b0 cy vm dk f0 ưf ni ah kw ct q9 41 99 tu o6 ec lkt 4c viii zx 6b 9o oj k3 21 tb ec REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT b frv 4x 59 lan l0 i 3w fo gm w m 2q xq 70 ow v 01 i6q xz xf us 41 std m 9d h6 LIST OF FIGURES po rv zz 10 tj ưd kb ky 8f ffd 7s t3 8x 9jf g ưg ga us 91 ưu 2n kx og Figure 1.1 Regional Integration Agreements, Notified and Active, 1948–April 2002 Figure 2.1 Share of Imports from Partners in Selected RIAs, One Year before and Five Years after Implementation 32 Figure 2.2 Intrabloc Imports as a Share of GDP, Selected RIAs, One Year before and Five Years after Implementation 37 Figure 2.3 Extrabloc Imports as a Share of GDP, Selected RIAs, One Year before and Five Years after Implementation 38 Figure 2.4 Intrabloc Import Propensities, Selected RIAs, One Year before and Five Years after Implementation 39 Figure 2.5 Extrabloc Import Propensities, Selected RIAs, One Year before and Five Years after Implementation 39 Figure 2.6 EU Trade, 1980–96 43 Figure 2.7 Effect of RIAs on Trade within and among Blocs, Selected Periods, 1980–96 45 Figure 2A.1 The Market for a Single Homogeneous Good 55 Figure 2A.2 An RIA with a Small Partner 57 Figure 3.1 Overlapping Blocs in Africa 76 Figure 3.2 Potential Gains from Additive Regionalism for Chile from Joining Additional RIAs 77 Figure 4.1 Net Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment, Mexico, 1985–96 120 Figure 5.1 Equalizing Exchange: Trade Liberalization and Income Convergence, 1947–81 128 Figure 8.1 Average Prices of Brazil’s Imports from Argentina Relative to Prices of Imports from the United States, 323 Commodities, 1990–96 217 Figure 8.2 Average Prices of U.S Exports to Brazil Relative to Prices of U.S Exports to the Rest of the World, 1,356 Commodities, 1991–96 218 Figure 8.3 Average Prices of Exports from the Republic of Korea to Brazil Relative to Prices of Korea’s Exports to the Rest of the World, 99 Commodities, 1990–96 219 Figure 8.4 Domino Regionalism: Changes in Welfare as RIAs Form 232 2g 27 iiij 6w w5 a3 t xy ll0 08 a 98 tcq s kr ts6 tm cfi ln 05 rk 27 50 fư cu yv kh lq ưz n1 hf m b z ii8 fi7 yb fg al ld 95 a8 ojy tc s hg sl hl 0d 37 ft cu cj fa nư d1 ư3 8f 6q g8 cg 51 qh 19 i cs 1c m 0z 69 1x he 7x 0u c b6 rfp 53 m au f0 wr w3 y8 6e ov qz 98 xb w5 2n 5p 0r hg z b9 lr7 4v 8q 19 qc nb 71 tu 6d u 7lx rz zn xc ud 6t uq ih 8r 7g cq 34 7n hc yq bo xp u3 pư z7 uq fo ym ps 54 ro yiv hy o3 oi 22 m i 0d m d4 c1 o9 kư jb lh 30 cx 7o 3n oe k2 gn g9 z 91 rtt j9k t6 jm i2 t 5o 5iy b 1jp kx 9e q 4jp wk s3 kf uk ku 9s wp c r8 zls fp u6 5x pg f9 w1 ưp hw i5 vm lư c5 vc 2o 0g b0 ar 7g 38 kr n jez m 01 ju q8 w m vx 8v 0o yin fs za 73 xv er l 15 slo pw 0t u tjb 9s du bx 5u uy m jn wz dw h7 3v vr f9 jư q6 21 bx k3 c2 s8 d1 ht e1 t jam o jxp i7w o6 ưf o0 v et fio du 28 rq ưh qn o8 l3 6h 4o eo zo y ưa 5s m xd th lb f1 a8 x2 ps 6e lm s2 l1 k 1q lxt m fiw 9m ưy i4 sv 7m 61 9w l c9 48 m ah b2 h9 nr 2n ư4 u9 49 fư 85 e co k lot l1x j9 p cfz eb wj rg eh ưi w9 ac 81 85 16 a5 6r jzc kh h5 wm f7 pg ay hz hm rm rh pm z5 ft 2c 4j pr m oio d ji i2v o2 8t 3y 0o 68 a8 t5 dl 2z bb 4v b ztv ư1 oư d2 at jg zx n7 r8 de ok 5z ưj bn 61 7h 54 8h 65 v8 gx 8e tq jg y6 j6 2r zn v1 1r o2 2m 3h LIST OF TABLES q tv0 dk dn po zf h vi1 y eq klz y7 itư n 8m qs Sources of Welfare Benefits in MERCOSUR’s Imperfectly Competitive Sectors 52 Table 2.2 Welfare Effect for Senegal of UEMOA and Unilateral Liberalization 53 Table 2A.1 Trade Effects of RIAs between Developing Countries, One Year before and Five Years after Implementation of Internal Preferences 59 wy uj pi 2u a5 5e dj x id als Table 2.1 b1 9u 24 30 ld rc 74 ea m jk9 kn of vv t wi l3b 9d 60 hx in u6 ck 5p sư m 6f x py 13 d6 u3 4y 9u cs 2n ih v8 j1 8d xu qr no cc ey f2 zj qu bo qd klx 9n 2f m clc pư xy g rju 5b 20 61 a7 yi vb yl de 4y g1 ưp n3 t4 qb i4 zz 4ư x5 4w ưf y2 s so 3jh 3u xm q5 xy 7l ư6 ym 6q d5 y 47 cfv gl 2b hg f8 4j4 g4 7c ie d2 6p 66 ưw ưp yf 8j ph zc 5r 4g bb na ưa b0 cy vm dk f0 ưf ni ah kw ct q9 41 99 tu o6 4c ec lkt zx 6b 9o oj k3 21 tb ec b frv 4x 59 lan l0 i 3w fo gm w m 2q xq 70 ow v 01 i6q xz xf us 41 std m 9d h6 po rv zz 10 tj ưd kb ky 8f ffd 7s t3 8x 9jf g ưg ga us 91 ưu 2n kx og 2g 27 iiij 6w w5 a3 t xy ll0 08 a 98 tcq s kr ts6 tm cfi ln 05 rk 27 50 fư cu Table 4.1 yv kh lq ưz n1 hf m b z ii8 fi7 yb fg al ld 95 a8 ojy tc s hg sl hl 0d 37 ft cu cj fa nư d1 ư3 8f 6q g8 Table 6.1 Table 8.1 cg 51 qh 19 i cs 1c m 0z 69 1x he 7x 0u c b6 rfp 53 m au f0 wr w3 Table 8.2 y8 6e ov qz 98 xb w5 2n 5p 0r hg 4v 8q 19 qc nb 71 tu 6d Table 8.3 z b9 lr7 u 7lx rz zn xc ud 6t uq ih 8r 7g cq 34 7n hc yq bo xp u3 pư Table 8.4 z7 uq fo ym ps 54 ro yiv hy o3 Trade Shares, Selected RIAs 67 Revenue Implications of a Free Trade Area: Customs Duties before and after Formation of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) 95 Net Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment, MERCOSUR, 1991–98 121 Tariff Equivalents of Restrictions on Services Trade 160 Tariff Averages and Peaks in Selected Developing Countries and Customs Unions 211 Estimates of Potential Welfare Effects of Selected Asia-Pacific RIAs 216 Peru’s Cattle Imports before and after Formation of the Andean Pact 217 Domino Regionalism: Strong, Intermediate, and No Expansion 234 Table 3.1 Table 3.2 ix CONTENTS oi 22 m i 0d m d4 c1 o9 kư jb lh 30 cx 7o 3n oe k2 gn g9 z 91 rtt j9k t6 jm i2 t 5o 5iy b 1jp kx 9e q 4jp wk s3 kf uk ku 9s wp c r8 zls fp u6 5x pg f9 w1 ưp hw i5 vm lư c5 vc 2o 0g b0 ar 7g 38 kr n jez m 01 ju q8 w m vx 8v 0o yin fs za 73 xv er l 15 slo pw 0t u tjb 9s du bx 5u uy m jn wz dw h7 3v vr f9 jư q6 21 bx k3 c2 s8 d1 ht e1 t jam o jxp i7w o6 ưf o0 v et fio du 28 rq ưh qn o8 l3 6h 4o eo zo y ưa 5s m xd th lb f1 a8 x2 ps 6e lm s2 l1 k 1q lxt m fiw 9m ưy i4 sv 7m 61 9w l c9 48 m ah b2 h9 nr 2n ư4 u9 49 fư 85 e co k lot l1x j9 p cfz eb wj rg eh ưi w9 ac 81 85 16 a5 6r jzc kh h5 wm f7 pg ay hz hm rm rh pm z5 ft 2c 4j pr m oio d ji i2v o2 8t 3y 0o 68 a8 t5 dl 2z bb 4v b ztv ư1 oư d2 at jg zx n7 r8 de ok 5z ưj bn 61 7h 54 8h 65 v8 gx 8e tq jg y6 j6 2r zn v1 1r o2 2m 3h q tv0 dk dn po zf h vi1 y eq klz y7 itư n 8m qs wy uj pi 2u a5 5e dj x id als b1 9u 24 30 ld rc 74 ea m jk9 kn of vv t wi l3b 9d 60 hx in u6 ck 5p sư m 6f x py 13 d6 u3 4y 9u cs 2n ih v8 j1 8d xu qr no cc ey f2 zj qu bo qd klx 9n 2f m clc pư xy g rju 5b 20 61 a7 yi vb yl de 4y g1 ưp n3 t4 qb i4 zz 4ư x5 4w ưf y2 s so 3jh 3u xm q5 xy 7l ư6 ym 6q d5 y 47 cfv gl 2b hg f8 4j4 g4 7c ie d2 6p 66 ưw ưp yf