Ebook Electronic government and electronic participation: Part 1

Ebook Electronic government and electronic participation: Part 1 presents the following content: eParticipation, eGovernment evaluation, Open data and open government, governance. Please refer to the documentation for more details. 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He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish In the first forty days a boy had been with him But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its [9] reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff w We’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him “No,” the old man said “You’re with a lucky boat Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa made me leave I am a boy and I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” [10] “No,” the old man said “But we have Haven’t we?” ‘Yes,” the boy said “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said “Between fishermen.” They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Ha taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there [11] was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace “Santiago,” the boy said “Yes,” the old man said He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago “Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No Go and play baseball I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.” “I would like to go If I cannot fish with you I would like to serve in some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said “You are already a man.” “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.” [12] “Can it to you?” “I remember everything from when we first went together.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes “If you were my boy I’d take you out and gamble,” he said “But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too.” “I have mine left from today I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One,” the old man said His hope and his confidence had never gone But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises “Two,” the boy said “Two,” the old man agreed “You didn’t steal them?” “I would,” the boy said “But I bought these.” “Thank you,” the old man said He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility But he [13] knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said “Where are you going?” the boy asked “Far out to come in when the wind shifts I want to be out before it is light.” “I’ll try to get him to work far out,” the boy said “Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid.” “He does not like to work too far out.” “No,” the boy said “But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin.” “Are his eyes that bad?” “He is said “He never went turtle-ing That is what kills the eyes.” “But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good.” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I am a strange old man” “But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?” “I think so And there are many tricks.” [14] “Let us take the stuff home,” the boy said “So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines.” They picked up the gear from the boat The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden boat with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft The box with the baits was under the stern of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue the big fish when they were brought alongside No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations to leave in a boat They walked up the road together to the old man’s shack and went in through its open door The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack The shack was made of the toug called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered [15] guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre These were relics of his wife Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt “What you have to eat?” the boy asked “A pot of yellow rice with fish Do you want some?” “No I will eat at home Do you want me to make the fire?” “No I will make it later on Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the cast net?” “Of course.” There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it But they went through this fiction every day There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too “Eighty-five is a lucky number,” the old man said “How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?” “I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?” [16] “Yes I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball.” The boy did not know whether yesterday’s paper was a fiction too But the old man brought it out from under the bed “Perico gave it t back when I have the sardines I’ll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.” “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees my son Think of the great DiMaggio.” “I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” “Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.” “You study it and tell me when I come back.” “Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.” “We can that,” the boy said “But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?” [17] “It could not happen twice Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I can order one “One sheet That’s two dollars and a half Who can we borrow that from?” “That’s easy I can always borrow two dollars and a half.” “I think perhaps I can too But I try not to borrow First you borrow Then you beg.” “Keep warm old man,” the boy said “Remember we are in September.” “The month when the great fish come,” the old man said “Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” “I go now for the sardines,” the boy said When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down The boy took the over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun The [18] old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze He was barefooted The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep “Wake up old man,” the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away Then he smiled “What have you got?” he asked “Supper,” said the boy “We’re going to have supper.” “I’m not very hungry.” “Come on and eat You can’t fish and not eat.” “I have,” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it Then he started to fold the blanket “Keep the blanket around you,” the boy said “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.” “Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man said “What are we eating?” “Black beans and rice, fried ba brought them in a two-decker metal container from the Terrace The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set “Who gave this to you?” “Martin The owner.” “I must thank him.” “I thanked him already,” the boy said “You don’t need to thank him.” “I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish,” the old man said “Has he done this for us more than once?” “I think so.” “I must give him something more than the belly meat then He is very thoughtful for us.” “He sent two beers.” “I like the beer in cans best.” “I know But this is in bottles, Hatuey beer, and I take back the bottles.” “That’s very kind of you,” the old man said “Should we eat?” “I’ve been asking you to,” the boy told him gently “I have not wished to open the container until you were ready.” [20] “I’m ready now,” the old man said “I only needed time to wash.” Where did you wash? the boy thought The village water supply was two streets down the road I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel Why am I so Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea thoughtless? I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket “Your stew is excellent,” the old man said “Tell me about the baseball,” the boy asked him “In the American League it is the Yan “They lost today,” the boy told him “That means nothing The great DiMaggio is himself again.” “They have other men on the team.” “Naturally But he makes the difference In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives In the old park.” “There was nothing ever like them He hits the longest ball I have ever seen.” “Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace?” [21] “I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid.” “I know It was a great mistake He might have gone with us Then we would have that for all of our lives.” “I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing,” the old man said “They say his father was a fisherman Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” “The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he, the father, was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age.” “When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.” “I know You told me.” “Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” “Baseball I think,” the boy said “Tell me about the great John J McGraw.” He said Jota for J “He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days But he was rough and drinking His mind was on horses as well as baseball At least he carried lists of [22] horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone.” “He was a great manager,” the boy said “My father thinks he was the greatest.” “Because he came here the most times,” the old man said “If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” “Who is the greatest manager, really, Luque or Mike Gonzalez?” “I think they are equal.” “And the best fisherman is you.” “No I know others better.” “Que Va,” the boy said “There are many good fishermen and some great ones But there is only you.” “Thank you You make me happy I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” “There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say.” “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” “You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning I will take the things back to the Terrace.” [23] “Good night then I will wake you in the morning.” “You’re my alarm clock,” the boy said Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said “Why old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?” “I don’t know,” the boy said “All I know is that young boys sleep la man said “I’ll waken you in time.” “I not like for him to waken me It is as though I were inferior.” “I know.” “Sleep well old man.” The boy went out They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats [24] come riding through it He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, n strength, nor of his wife He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy He never dreamed about the boy He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy He was shivering with the morning cold But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his [25] bare feet The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed, pulled them on The old man went out the door and the boy came after him He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, “I am sorry.” “Qua Va,” the boy said “It is what a man must do.” They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats When they reached the old man’s shack the boy ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT AND ELECTRONIC PARTICIPATION harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder “Do you want coffee?” the boy asked “We’ll put the gear in the boat and then get some.” They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen “How did you sleep old man?” the boy asked He [26] was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep “Very well, Manolin,” the old man said “I feel confident today.” “So I,” the boy said “Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fresh baits He brings our gear himself He never wants anyone to carry anything.” “We’re different,” the old man said “I let you carry things when you were five years old.” He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish In the first forty days a boy had been with him But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its [9] reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff w We’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him “No,” the old man said “You’re with a lucky boat Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa made me leave I am a boy and I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” [10] “No,” the old man said “But we have Haven’t we?” ‘Yes,” the boy said “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said “Between fishermen.” They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Ha taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there [11] was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace “Santiago,” the boy said “Yes,” the old man said He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago “Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No Go and play baseball I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.” “I would like to go If I cannot fish with you I would like to serve in some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said “You are already a man.” “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.” [12] “Can it to you?” “I remember everything from when we first went together.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes “If you were my boy I’d take you out and gamble,” he said “But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too.” “I have mine left from today I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One,” the old man said His hope and his confidence had never gone But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises “Two,” the boy said “Two,” the old man agreed “You didn’t steal them?” “I would,” the boy said “But I bought these.” “Thank you,” the old man said He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility But he [13] knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said “Where are you going?” the boy asked “Far out to come in when the wind shifts I want to be out before it is light.” “I’ll try to get him to work far out,” the boy said “Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid.” “He does not like to work too far out.” “No,” the boy said “But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin.” “Are his eyes that bad?” “He is said “He never went turtle-ing That is what kills the eyes.” “But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good.” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I am a strange old man” “But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?” “I think so And there are many tricks.” [14] “Let us take the stuff home,” the boy said “So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines.” They picked up the gear from the boat The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden boat with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft The box with the baits was under the stern of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue the big fish when they were brought alongside No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations to leave in a boat They walked up the road together to the old man’s shack and went in through its open door The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack The shack was made of the toug called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered [15] guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre These were relics of his wife Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt “What you have to eat?” the boy asked “A pot of yellow rice with fish Do you want some?” “No I will eat at home Do you want me to make the fire?” “No I will make it later on Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the cast net?” “Of course.” There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it But they went through this fiction every day There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too “Eighty-five is a lucky number,” the old man said “How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?” “I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?” [16] “Yes I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball.” The boy did not know whether yesterday’s paper was a fiction too But the old man brought it out from under the bed “Perico gave it t back when I have the sardines I’ll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.” “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees my son Think of the great DiMaggio.” “I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” “Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.” “You study it and tell me when I come back.” “Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.” “We can that,” the boy said “But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?” [17] “It could not happen twice Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I can order one “One sheet That’s two dollars and a half Who can we borrow that from?” “That’s easy I can always borrow two dollars and a half.” “I think perhaps I can too But I try not to borrow First you borrow Then you beg.” “Keep warm old man,” the boy said “Remember we are in September.” “The month when the great fish come,” the old man said “Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” “I go now for the sardines,” the boy said When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down The boy took the over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun The [18] old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze He was barefooted The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep “Wake up old man,” the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away Then he smiled “What have you got?” he asked “Supper,” said the boy “We’re going to have supper.” “I’m not very hungry.” “Come on and eat You can’t fish and not eat.” “I have,” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it Then he started to fold the blanket “Keep the blanket around you,” the boy said “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.” “Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man said “What are we eating?” “Black beans and rice, fried ba brought them in a two-decker metal container from the Terrace The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set “Who gave this to you?” “Martin The owner.” “I must thank him.” “I thanked him already,” the boy said “You don’t need to thank him.” “I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish,” the old man said “Has he done this for us more than once?” “I think so.” “I must give him something more than the belly meat then He is very thoughtful for us.” “He sent two beers.” “I like the beer in cans best.” “I know But this is in bottles, Hatuey beer, and I take back the bottles.” “That’s very kind of you,” the old man said “Should we eat?” “I’ve been asking you to,” the boy told him gently “I have not wished to open the container until you were ready.” [20] “I’m ready now,” the old man said “I only needed time to wash.” Where did you wash? the boy thought The village water supply was two streets down the road I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel Why am I so Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea thoughtless? I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket “Your stew is excellent,” the old man said “Tell me about the baseball,” the boy asked him “In the American League it is the Yan Innovation and the Public Sector “They lost today,” the boy told him “That means nothing The great DiMaggio is himself again.” “They have other men on the team.” “Naturally But he makes the difference In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives In the old park.” “There was nothing ever like them He hits the longest ball I have ever seen.” “Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace?” [21] “I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid.” “I know It was a great mistake He might have gone with us Then we would have that for all of our lives.” “I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing,” the old man said “They say his father was a fisherman Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” “The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he, the father, was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age.” “When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.” “I know You told me.” “Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” “Baseball I think,” the boy said “Tell me about the great John J McGraw.” He said Jota for J “He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days But he was rough and drinking His mind was on horses as well as baseball At least he carried lists of [22] horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone.” “He was a great manager,” the boy said “My father thinks he was the greatest.” “Because he came here the most times,” the old man said “If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” “Who is the greatest manager, really, Luque or Mike Gonzalez?” “I think they are equal.” “And the best fisherman is you.” “No I know others better.” “Que Va,” the boy said “There are many good fishermen and some great ones But there is only you.” “Thank you You make me happy I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” “There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say.” “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” “You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning I will take the things back to the Terrace.” [23] “Good night then I will wake you in the morning.” “You’re my alarm clock,” the boy said Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said “Why old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?” “I don’t know,” the boy said “All I know is that young boys sleep la man said “I’ll waken you in time.” “I not like for him to waken me It is as though I were inferior.” “I know.” “Sleep well old man.” The boy went out They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats [24] come riding through it He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, n The functioning of the public sector gives rise to considerable debate Not only the efficiency and efficacy of the sector are at stake, but also its legitimacy At the same time we see that in the public sector all kinds of innovations are taking place These innovations are not only technological, which enable the redesign of all kinds of processes, like service delivery The emphasis can also be put on more organizational and conceptual innovations In this series we will try to understand the nature of a wide variety of innovations taking place in the public sector of the 21st century and try to evaluate their outcomes How they take place? What are relevant triggers? And, how are their outcomes being shaped by all kinds of actors and influences? And, public innovations differ from innovations in the private sector? Moreover we try to assess the actual effects of these innovations, not only from an instrumental point of view, but also from a more institutional point of view Do these innovations not only contribute to a better functioning of the public sector, but they also challenge grown practices and vested interests? And what does this imply for the management of public sector innovations? strength, nor of his wife He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy He never dreamed about the boy He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy He was shivering with the morning cold But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his [25] bare feet The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed, pulled them on The old man went out the door and the boy came after him He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, “I am sorry.” “Qua Va,” the boy said “It is what a man must do.” They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats When they reached the old man’s shack the boy harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder “Do you want coffee?” the boy asked “We’ll put the gear in the boat and then get some.” They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen “How did you sleep old man?” the boy asked He [26] was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep “Very well, Manolin,” the old man said “I feel confident today.” “So I,” the boy said “Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fresh baits He brings our gear himself He never wants anyone to carry anything.” “We’re different,” the old man said “I let you carry things when you were five years old.” Series Editors: Prof Dr Victor J.J.M Bekkers Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Prof Jean Hartley The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom Prof Sharon S Dawes University at Albany/SUNY, Albany, NY, USA Volume 23 Recently published in this series Vol 22 Vol 21 Vol 20 E Tambouris, H.J Scholl, M Janssen, M.A Wimmer, K Tarabanis, M Gascó, B Klievink, I Lindgren, M Milano, P Panagiotopoulos, T.A Pardo, P Parycek and Ø Sæbø (Eds.), Electronic Government and Electronic Participation – Joint Proceedings of Ongoing Research, PhD Papers, Posters and Workshops of IFIP EGOV and ePart 2015 M.F.W.H.A Janssen, F.Bannister, O Glassey, H.J Scholl, E Tambouris, M.A Wimmer and A Macintosh (Eds.), Electronic Government and Electronic Participation – Joint Proceedings of Ongoing Research, Posters, Workshop and Projects of IFIP EGOV 2014 and ePart 2014 A Meijer, F Bannister and M Thaens (Eds.), ICT, Public Administration and Democracy in the Coming Decade This series is a continuation of “Informatization Developments and the Public Sector” (vols 1–9, ISSN 0928-9038) ISSN 1871-1073 (print) ISSN 1879-8454 (online) He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish In the first forty days a boy had been with him But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its [9] reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff w We’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him “No,” the old man said “You’re with a lucky boat Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa made me leave I am a boy and I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” [10] “No,” the old man said “But we have Haven’t we?” ‘Yes,” the boy said “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said “Between fishermen.” They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Ha taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there [11] was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace “Santiago,” the boy said “Yes,” the old man said He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago “Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No Go and play baseball I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.” “I would like to go If I cannot fish with you I would like to serve in some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said “You are already a man.” “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.” [12] “Can it to you?” “I remember everything from when we first went together.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes “If you were my boy I’d take you out and gamble,” he said “But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too.” “I have mine left from today I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One,” the old man said His hope and his confidence had never gone But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises “Two,” the boy said “Two,” the old man agreed “You didn’t steal them?” “I would,” the boy said “But I bought these.” “Thank you,” the old man said He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility But he [13] knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said “Where are you going?” the boy asked “Far out to come in when the wind shifts I want to be out before it is light.” “I’ll try to get him to work far out,” the boy said “Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid.” “He does not like to work too far out.” “No,” the boy said “But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin.” “Are his eyes that bad?” “He is said “He never went turtle-ing That is what kills the eyes.” “But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good.” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I am a strange old man” “But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?” “I think so And there are many tricks.” [14] “Let us take the stuff home,” the boy said “So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines.” They picked up the gear from the boat The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden boat with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft The box with the baits was under the stern of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue the big fish when they were brought alongside No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations to leave in a boat They walked up the road together to the old man’s shack and went in through its open door The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack The shack was made of the toug called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered [15] guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre These were relics of his wife Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt “What you have to eat?” the boy asked “A pot of yellow rice with fish Do you want some?” “No I will eat at home Do you want me to make the fire?” “No I will make it later on Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the cast net?” “Of course.” There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it But they went through this fiction every day There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too “Eighty-five is a lucky number,” the old man said “How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?” “I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?” [16] “Yes I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball.” The boy did not know whether yesterday’s paper was a fiction too But the old man brought it out from under the bed “Perico gave it t back when I have the sardines I’ll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.” “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees my son Think of the great DiMaggio.” “I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” “Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.” “You study it and tell me when I come back.” “Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.” “We can that,” the boy said “But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?” [17] “It could not happen twice Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I can order one “One sheet That’s two dollars and a half Who can we borrow that from?” “That’s easy I can always borrow two dollars and a half.” “I think perhaps I can too But I try not to borrow First you borrow Then you beg.” “Keep warm old man,” the boy said “Remember we are in September.” “The month when the great fish come,” the old man said “Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” “I go now for the sardines,” the boy said When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down The boy took the over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun The [18] old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze He was barefooted The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep “Wake up old man,” the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away Then he smiled “What have you got?” he asked “Supper,” said the boy “We’re going to have supper.” “I’m not very hungry.” “Come on and eat You can’t fish and not eat.” “I have,” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it Then he started to fold the blanket “Keep the blanket around you,” the boy said “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.” “Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man said “What are we eating?” “Black beans and rice, fried ba brought them in a two-decker metal container from the Terrace The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set “Who gave this to you?” “Martin The owner.” “I must thank him.” “I thanked him already,” the boy said “You don’t need to thank him.” “I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish,” the old man said “Has he done this for us more than once?” “I think so.” “I must give him something more than the belly meat then He is very thoughtful for us.” “He sent two beers.” “I like the beer in cans best.” “I know But this is in bottles, Hatuey beer, and I take back the bottles.” “That’s very kind of you,” the old man said “Should we eat?” “I’ve been asking you to,” the boy told him gently “I have not wished to open the container until you were ready.” [20] “I’m ready now,” the old man said “I only needed time to wash.” Where did you wash? the boy thought The village water supply was two streets down the road I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel Why am I so Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea thoughtless? I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket “Your stew is excellent,” the old man said “Tell me about the baseball,” the boy asked him “In the American League it is the Yan Electronic Government and Electronic Participation “They lost today,” the boy told him “That means nothing The great DiMaggio is himself again.” “They have other men on the team.” “Naturally But he makes the difference In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives In the old park.” “There was nothing ever like them He hits the longest ball I have ever seen.” “Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace?” [21] “I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid.” “I know It was a great mistake He might have gone with us Then we would have that for all of our lives.” “I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing,” the old man said “They say his father was a fisherman Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” “The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he, the father, was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age.” “When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.” “I know You told me.” “Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” “Baseball I think,” the boy said “Tell me about the great John J McGraw.” He said Jota for J “He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days But he was rough and drinking His mind was on horses as well as baseball At least he carried lists of [22] horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone.” “He was a great manager,” the boy said “My father thinks he was the greatest.” “Because he came here the most times,” the old man said “If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” “Who is the greatest manager, really, Luque or Mike Gonzalez?” “I think they are equal.” “And the best fisherman is you.” “No I know others better.” “Que Va,” the boy said “There are many good fishermen and some great ones But there is only you.” “Thank you You make me happy I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” “There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say.” “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” “You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning I will take the things back to the Terrace.” [23] “Good night then I will wake you in the morning.” “You’re my alarm clock,” the boy said Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said “Why old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?” “I don’t know,” the boy said “All I know is that young boys sleep la man said “I’ll waken you in time.” “I not like for him to waken me It is as though I were inferior.” “I know.” “Sleep well old man.” The boy went out They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats [24] come riding through it He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, n strength, nor of his wife He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy He never dreamed about the boy He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy He was shivering with the morning cold But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his [25] bare feet The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed, pulled them on The old man went out the door and the boy came after him He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, “I am sorry.” “Qua Va,” the boy said “It is what a man must do.” They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats When they reached the old man’s shack the boy harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder “Do you want coffee?” the boy asked “We’ll put the gear in the boat and then get some.” They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen “How did you sleep old man?” the boy asked He [26] was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep “Very well, Manolin,” the old man said “I feel confident today.” “So I,” the boy said “Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fresh baits He brings our gear himself He never wants anyone to carry anything.” “We’re different,” the old man said “I let you carry things when you were five years old.” Joint Proceedings of Ongoing Research, PhD Papers, Posters and Workshops of IFIP EGOV and ePart 2016 Edited by Hans Jochen Scholl University of Washington, USA Olivier Glassey Université de Lausanne, Switzerland Marijn Janssen Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Bram Klievink Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Ida Lindgren Linköping University, Sweden Peter Parycek Danube University Krems, Austria Efthimios Tambouris University of Macedonia, Greece Maria Wimmer University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany Tomasz Janowski United Nations University, Portugal and Delfina Sá Soares University of Minho, Portugal Amsterdam • Berlin • Washington, DC He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish In the first forty days a boy had been with him But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its [9] reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff w We’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him “No,” the old man said “You’re with a lucky boat Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa made me leave I am a boy and I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” [10] “No,” the old man said “But we have Haven’t we?” ‘Yes,” the boy said “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said “Between fishermen.” They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Ha taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there [11] was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace “Santiago,” the boy said “Yes,” the old man said He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago “Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No Go and play baseball I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.” “I would like to go If I cannot fish with you I would like to serve in some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said “You are already a man.” “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.” [12] “Can it to you?” “I remember everything from when we first went together.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes “If you were my boy I’d take you out and gamble,” he said “But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too.” “I have mine left from today I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One,” the old man said His hope and his confidence had never gone But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises “Two,” the boy said “Two,” the old man agreed “You didn’t steal them?” “I would,” the boy said “But I bought these.” “Thank you,” the old man said He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility But he [13] knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said “Where are you going?” the boy asked “Far out to come in when the wind shifts I want to be out before it is light.” “I’ll try to get him to work far out,” the boy said “Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid.” “He does not like to work too far out.” “No,” the boy said “But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin.” “Are his eyes that bad?” “He is said “He never went turtle-ing That is what kills the eyes.” “But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good.” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I am a strange old man” “But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?” “I think so And there are many tricks.” [14] “Let us take the stuff home,” the boy said “So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines.” They picked up the gear from the boat The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden boat with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft The box with the baits was under the stern of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue the big fish when they were brought alongside No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations to leave in a boat They walked up the road together to the old man’s shack and went in through its open door The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack The shack was made of the toug called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered [15] guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre These were relics of his wife Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt “What you have to eat?” the boy asked “A pot of yellow rice with fish Do you want some?” “No I will eat at home Do you want me to make the fire?” “No I will make it later on Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the cast net?” “Of course.” There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it But they went through this fiction every day There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too “Eighty-five is a lucky number,” the old man said “How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?” “I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?” [16] “Yes I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball.” The boy did not know whether yesterday’s paper was a fiction too But the old man brought it out from under the bed “Perico gave it t back when I have the sardines I’ll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.” “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees my son Think of the great DiMaggio.” “I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” “Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.” “You study it and tell me when I come back.” “Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.” “We can that,” the boy said “But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?” [17] “It could not happen twice Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I can order one “One sheet That’s two dollars and a half Who can we borrow that from?” “That’s easy I can always borrow two dollars and a half.” “I think perhaps I can too But I try not to borrow First you borrow Then you beg.” “Keep warm old man,” the boy said “Remember we are in September.” “The month when the great fish come,” the old man said “Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” “I go now for the sardines,” the boy said When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down The boy took the over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun The [18] old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze He was barefooted The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep “Wake up old man,” the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away Then he smiled “What have you got?” he asked “Supper,” said the boy “We’re going to have supper.” “I’m not very hungry.” “Come on and eat You can’t fish and not eat.” “I have,” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it Then he started to fold the blanket “Keep the blanket around you,” the boy said “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.” “Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man said “What are we eating?” “Black beans and rice, fried ba brought them in a two-decker metal container from the Terrace The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set “Who gave this to you?” “Martin The owner.” “I must thank him.” “I thanked him already,” the boy said “You don’t need to thank him.” “I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish,” the old man said “Has he done this for us more than once?” “I think so.” “I must give him something more than the belly meat then He is very thoughtful for us.” “He sent two beers.” “I like the beer in cans best.” “I know But this is in bottles, Hatuey beer, and I take back the bottles.” “That’s very kind of you,” the old man said “Should we eat?” “I’ve been asking you to,” the boy told him gently “I have not wished to open the container until you were ready.” [20] “I’m ready now,” the old man said “I only needed time to wash.” Where did you wash? the boy thought The village water supply was two streets down the road I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel Why am I so Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea thoughtless? I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket “Your stew is excellent,” the old man said “Tell me about the baseball,” the boy asked him “In the American League it is the Yan © 2016 The authors and IOS Press “They lost today,” the boy told him “That means nothing The great DiMaggio is himself again.” “They have other men on the team.” “Naturally But he makes the difference In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives In the old park.” “There was nothing ever like them He hits the longest ball I have ever seen.” “Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace?” [21] “I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid.” “I know It was a great mistake He might have gone with us Then we would have that for all of our lives.” “I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing,” the old man said “They say his father was a fisherman Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” “The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he, the father, was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age.” “When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.” “I know You told me.” “Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” “Baseball I think,” the boy said “Tell me about the great John J McGraw.” He said Jota for J “He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days But he was rough and drinking His mind was on horses as well as baseball At least he carried lists of [22] horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone.” “He was a great manager,” the boy said “My father thinks he was the greatest.” “Because he came here the most times,” the old man said “If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” “Who is the greatest manager, really, Luque or Mike Gonzalez?” “I think they are equal.” “And the best fisherman is you.” “No I know others better.” “Que Va,” the boy said “There are many good fishermen and some great ones But there is only you.” “Thank you You make me happy I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” “There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say.” “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” “You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning I will take the things back to the Terrace.” [23] “Good night then I will wake you in the morning.” “You’re my alarm clock,” the boy said Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said “Why old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?” “I don’t know,” the boy said “All I know is that young boys sleep la This book is published online with Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) man said “I’ll waken you in time.” “I not like for him to waken me It is as though I were inferior.” “I know.” “Sleep well old man.” The boy went out They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats [24] come riding through it He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, n strength, nor of his wife He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy He never dreamed about the boy He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy He was shivering with the morning cold But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his [25] bare feet The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed, pulled them on The old man went out the door and the boy came after him He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, “I am sorry.” “Qua Va,” the boy said “It is what a man must do.” They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats When they reached the old man’s shack the boy harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder “Do you want coffee?” the boy asked “We’ll put the gear in the boat and then get some.” They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen “How did you sleep old man?” the boy asked He [26] was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep “Very well, Manolin,” the old man said “I feel confident today.” “So I,” the boy said “Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fresh baits He brings our gear himself He never wants anyone to carry anything.” “We’re different,” the old man said “I let you carry things when you were five years old.” ISBN 978-1-61499-669-9 (print) ISBN 978-1-61499-670-5 (online) Library of Congress Control Number: 2016947149 Publisher IOS Press BV Nieuwe Hemweg 6B 1013 BG Amsterdam Netherlands fax: +31 20 687 0019 e-mail: order@iospress.nl Distributor in the USA and Canada IOS Press, Inc 4502 Rachael Manor Drive Fairfax, VA 22032 USA fax: +1 703 323 3668 e-mail: iosbooks@iospress.com LEGAL NOTICE The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish In the first forty days a boy had been with him But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its [9] reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff w We’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him “No,” the old man said “You’re with a lucky boat Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa made me leave I am a boy and I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” [10] “No,” the old man said “But we have Haven’t we?” ‘Yes,” the boy said “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said “Between fishermen.” They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Ha taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there [11] was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace “Santiago,” the boy said “Yes,” the old man said He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago “Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No Go and play baseball I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.” “I would like to go If I cannot fish with you I would like to serve in some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said “You are already a man.” “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.” [12] “Can it to you?” “I remember everything from when we first went together.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes “If you were my boy I’d take you out and gamble,” he said “But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too.” “I have mine left from today I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One,” the old man said His hope and his confidence had never gone But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises “Two,” the boy said “Two,” the old man agreed “You didn’t steal them?” “I would,” the boy said “But I bought these.” “Thank you,” the old man said He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility But he [13] knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said “Where are you going?” the boy asked “Far out to come in when the wind shifts I want to be out before it is light.” “I’ll try to get him to work far out,” the boy said “Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid.” “He does not like to work too far out.” “No,” the boy said “But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin.” “Are his eyes that bad?” “He is said “He never went turtle-ing That is what kills the eyes.” “But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good.” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I am a strange old man” “But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?” “I think so And there are many tricks.” [14] “Let us take the stuff home,” the boy said “So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines.” They picked up the gear from the boat The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden boat with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft The box with the baits was under the stern of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue the big fish when they were brought alongside No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations to leave in a boat They walked up the road together to the old man’s shack and went in through its open door The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack The shack was made of the toug called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered [15] guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre These were relics of his wife Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt “What you have to eat?” the boy asked “A pot of yellow rice with fish Do you want some?” “No I will eat at home Do you want me to make the fire?” “No I will make it later on Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the cast net?” “Of course.” There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it But they went through this fiction every day There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too “Eighty-five is a lucky number,” the old man said “How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?” “I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?” [16] “Yes I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball.” The boy did not know whether yesterday’s paper was a fiction too But the old man brought it out from under the bed “Perico gave it t back when I have the sardines I’ll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.” “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees my son Think of the great DiMaggio.” “I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” “Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.” “You study it and tell me when I come back.” “Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.” “We can that,” the boy said “But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?” [17] “It could not happen twice Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I can order one “One sheet That’s two dollars and a half Who can we borrow that from?” “That’s easy I can always borrow two dollars and a half.” “I think perhaps I can too But I try not to borrow First you borrow Then you beg.” “Keep warm old man,” the boy said “Remember we are in September.” “The month when the great fish come,” the old man said “Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” “I go now for the sardines,” the boy said When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down The boy took the v over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun The [18] old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze He was barefooted The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep “Wake up old man,” the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away Then he smiled “What have you got?” he asked “Supper,” said the boy “We’re going to have supper.” “I’m not very hungry.” “Come on and eat You can’t fish and not eat.” “I have,” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it Then he started to fold the blanket “Keep the blanket around you,” the boy said “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.” “Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man said “What are we eating?” “Black beans and rice, fried ba brought them in a two-decker metal container from the Terrace The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set “Who gave this to you?” “Martin The owner.” “I must thank him.” “I thanked him already,” the boy said “You don’t need to thank him.” “I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish,” the old man said “Has he done this for us more than once?” “I think so.” “I must give him something more than the belly meat then He is very thoughtful for us.” “He sent two beers.” “I like the beer in cans best.” “I know But this is in bottles, Hatuey beer, and I take back the bottles.” “That’s very kind of you,” the old man said “Should we eat?” “I’ve been asking you to,” the boy told him gently “I have not wished to open the container until you were ready.” [20] “I’m ready now,” the old man said “I only needed time to wash.” Where did you wash? the boy thought The village water supply was two streets down the road I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel Why am I so Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea thoughtless? I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket “Your stew is excellent,” the old man said “Tell me about the baseball,” the boy asked him “In the American League it is the Yan “They lost today,” the boy told him “That means nothing The great DiMaggio is himself again.” “They have other men on the team.” “Naturally But he makes the difference In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives In the old park.” “There was nothing ever like them He hits the longest ball I have ever seen.” “Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace?” [21] “I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid.” “I know It was a great mistake He might have gone with us Then we would have that for all of our lives.” “I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing,” the old man said “They say his father was a fisherman Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” “The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he, the father, was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age.” “When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.” “I know You told me.” “Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” “Baseball I think,” the boy said “Tell me about the great John J McGraw.” He said Jota for J “He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days But he was rough and drinking His mind was on horses as well as baseball At least he carried lists of [22] horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone.” “He was a great manager,” the boy said “My father thinks he was the greatest.” “Because he came here the most times,” the old man said “If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” “Who is the greatest manager, really, Luque or Mike Gonzalez?” “I think they are equal.” “And the best fisherman is you.” “No I know others better.” “Que Va,” the boy said “There are many good fishermen and some great ones But there is only you.” “Thank you You make me happy I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” “There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say.” “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” “You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning I will take the things back to the Terrace.” [23] “Good night then I will wake you in the morning.” “You’re my alarm clock,” the boy said Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said “Why old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?” “I don’t know,” the boy said “All I know is that young boys sleep la man said “I’ll waken you in time.” “I not like for him to waken me It is as though I were inferior.” “I know.” “Sleep well old man.” The boy went out They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats [24] come riding through it He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, n strength, nor of his wife He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy He never dreamed about the boy He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy He was shivering with the morning cold But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his [25] bare feet The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed, pulled them on The old man went out the door and the boy came after him He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, “I am sorry.” “Qua Va,” the boy said “It is what a man must do.” They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats When they reached the old man’s shack the boy Preface harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder “Do you want coffee?” the boy asked “We’ll put the gear in the boat and then get some.” They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen “How did you sleep old man?” the boy asked He [26] was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep “Very well, Manolin,” the old man said “I feel confident today.” “So I,” the boy said “Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fresh baits He brings our gear himself He never wants anyone to carry anything.” “We’re different,” the old man said “I let you carry things when you were five years old.” Under the auspices of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) Working Group 8.5 (Information Systems in Public Administration), or IFIP WG 8.5 for short, the dual IFIP EGOV-ePart conference 2016 presented itself as a high-caliber five-track conference and a doctoral colloquium dedicated to research and practice on electronic government and electronic participation Scholars from around the world have used this premier academic forum for over fifteen years, which has given it a worldwide reputation as one of the top two conferences in the research domains of electronic, open, and smart government, policy, and electronic participation This conference of five partially intersecting tracks presents advances in the sociotechnological domain of the public sphere demonstrating cutting-edge concepts, methods, and styles of investigation by multiple disciplines The Call for Papers attracted over one hundred thirty-five submissions of completed research papers, work-in-progress papers on ongoing research (including doctoral papers), project and case descriptions as well as four workshop and panel proposals Papers in the Joint Proceedings of IFIP EGOV-ePart 2016 comprise accepted submissions of all categories and all tracks with the exception of twenty-four papers from the General EGOV track, the Open/Big Data Track, and the Smart Gov Track, which were published in Springer LNCS vol 9820, and fourteen papers from the General ePart Track and the Policy Modeling and Policy Informatics Tracks, which were published in Springer LNCS vol 9821 As in the previous years and per recommendation of the Paper Awards Committee under the lead of the honorable Professor Olivier Glassey of the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, the dual IFIP EGOV-ePart 2016 Conference Organizing Committee again granted outstanding paper awards in three distinct categories: • • • The most interdisciplinary and innovative research contribution The most compelling critical research reflection The most promising practical concept The winners in each category were announced in the award ceremony at the conference dinner, which has always been a highlight of each dual IFIP EGOV-ePart conference The dual IFIP EGOV-ePart 2016 conference was jointly hosted in Guimarães, Portugal by University of Minho (UMinho) and United Nations University Operating Unit on Policy-Driven Electronic Governance (UNU-EGOV) Established in 1973, UMinho operates on three campuses, one in Braga, and two in Guimarães, educating approximately 19,500 students by an academic staff of 1,300 located in eight schools, three institutes and several cultural and specialized units It is one of the largest public universities in Portugal and a significant actor in the development of the Minho region in the north of Portugal UNU-EGOV is a newly established UN organization focused on research, policy and leadership education in the area of Digital Government, located in Guimarães and hosted by UMinho The organization of the dual conference was partly supported by the project “SmartEGOV: Harnessing EGOV for Smart Governance”, He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish In the first forty days a boy had been with him But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its [9] reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff w We’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him “No,” the old man said “You’re with a lucky boat Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa made me leave I am a boy and I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” [10] “No,” the old man said “But we have Haven’t we?” ‘Yes,” the boy said “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said “Between fishermen.” They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Ha taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there [11] was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace “Santiago,” the boy said “Yes,” the old man said He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago “Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No Go and play baseball I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.” “I would like to go If I cannot fish with you I would like to serve in some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said “You are already a man.” “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.” [12] “Can it to you?” “I remember everything from when we first went together.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes “If you were my boy I’d take you out and gamble,” he said “But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too.” “I have mine left from today I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One,” the old man said His hope and his confidence had never gone But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises “Two,” the boy said “Two,” the old man agreed “You didn’t steal them?” “I would,” the boy said “But I bought these.” “Thank you,” the old man said He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility But he [13] knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said “Where are you going?” the boy asked “Far out to come in when the wind shifts I want to be out before it is light.” “I’ll try to get him to work far out,” the boy said “Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid.” “He does not like to work too far out.” “No,” the boy said “But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin.” “Are his eyes that bad?” “He is said “He never went turtle-ing That is what kills the eyes.” “But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good.” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I am a strange old man” “But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?” “I think so And there are many tricks.” [14] “Let us take the stuff home,” the boy said “So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines.” They picked up the gear from the boat The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden boat with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft The box with the baits was under the stern of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue the big fish when they were brought alongside No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations to leave in a boat They walked up the road together to the old man’s shack and went in through its open door The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack The shack was made of the toug called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered [15] guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre These were relics of his wife Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt “What you have to eat?” the boy asked “A pot of yellow rice with fish Do you want some?” “No I will eat at home Do you want me to make the fire?” “No I will make it later on Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the cast net?” “Of course.” There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it But they went through this fiction every day There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too “Eighty-five is a lucky number,” the old man said “How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?” “I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?” [16] “Yes I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball.” The boy did not know whether yesterday’s paper was a fiction too But the old man brought it out from under the bed “Perico gave it t back when I have the sardines I’ll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.” “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees my son Think of the great DiMaggio.” “I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” “Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.” “You study it and tell me when I come back.” “Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.” “We can that,” the boy said “But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?” [17] “It could not happen twice Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I can order one “One sheet That’s two dollars and a half Who can we borrow that from?” “That’s easy I can always borrow two dollars and a half.” “I think perhaps I can too But I try not to borrow First you borrow Then you beg.” “Keep warm old man,” the boy said “Remember we are in September.” “The month when the great fish come,” the old man said “Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” “I go now for the sardines,” the boy said When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down The boy took the vi over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun The [18] old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze He was barefooted The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep “Wake up old man,” the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away Then he smiled “What have you got?” he asked “Supper,” said the boy “We’re going to have supper.” “I’m not very hungry.” “Come on and eat You can’t fish and not eat.” “I have,” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it Then he started to fold the blanket “Keep the blanket around you,” the boy said “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.” “Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man said “What are we eating?” “Black beans and rice, fried ba brought them in a two-decker metal container from the Terrace The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set “Who gave this to you?” “Martin The owner.” “I must thank him.” “I thanked him already,” the boy said “You don’t need to thank him.” “I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish,” the old man said “Has he done this for us more than once?” “I think so.” “I must give him something more than the belly meat then He is very thoughtful for us.” “He sent two beers.” “I like the beer in cans best.” “I know But this is in bottles, Hatuey beer, and I take back the bottles.” “That’s very kind of you,” the old man said “Should we eat?” “I’ve been asking you to,” the boy told him gently “I have not wished to open the container until you were ready.” [20] “I’m ready now,” the old man said “I only needed time to wash.” Where did you wash? the boy thought The village water supply was two streets down the road I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel Why am I so Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea thoughtless? I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket “Your stew is excellent,” the old man said “Tell me about the baseball,” the boy asked him “In the American League it is the Yan NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000037, funded by FEDER in the context of Programa Operacional Regional Norte Although ample traces of Celtic and Roman presence and settlements were found in the area, Guimarães became notable as the center of early nation building for Portugal in the late 11th century, when it became the seat of the Count of Portugal In 1128, the Battle of São Mamede was fought near the town, which resulted in the independence of the Northern Portuguese territories around Coimbra and Guimarães, which later extended further South to form the independent nation of Portugal Today, Guimarães has a population of about 160,000 While it has developed into an important center of textile and shoe industries along with metal mechanics, the city has maintained its charming historical center and romantic medieval aura It was a great pleasure to hold the dual IFIP EGOV-ePart 2016 conference at this special place Many people make large events like this conference happen We thank the over one-hundred members of the dual IFIP EGOV-ePart 2016 Program Committee and dozens of additional reviewers for their great efforts in reviewing the submitted papers Delfina Sá Soares of the Department of Information Systems at the UMinho and Tomasz Janowski of the UNU-EGOV and their respective teams in Guimarães, Portugal, were major contributors who helped organize the dual conference and manage zillions of details locally We would also like to thank the University of Washington organizing team members Kelle M Rose and Daniel R Wilson for their great support and administrative management of the review process and the compilation of the proceedings “They lost today,” the boy told him “That means nothing The great DiMaggio is himself again.” “They have other men on the team.” “Naturally But he makes the difference In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives In the old park.” “There was nothing ever like them He hits the longest ball I have ever seen.” “Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace?” [21] “I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid.” “I know It was a great mistake He might have gone with us Then we would have that for all of our lives.” “I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing,” the old man said “They say his father was a fisherman Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” “The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he, the father, was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age.” “When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.” “I know You told me.” “Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” “Baseball I think,” the boy said “Tell me about the great John J McGraw.” He said Jota for J “He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days But he was rough and drinking His mind was on horses as well as baseball At least he carried lists of [22] horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone.” “He was a great manager,” the boy said “My father thinks he was the greatest.” “Because he came here the most times,” the old man said “If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” “Who is the greatest manager, really, Luque or Mike Gonzalez?” “I think they are equal.” “And the best fisherman is you.” “No I know others better.” “Que Va,” the boy said “There are many good fishermen and some great ones But there is only you.” “Thank you You make me happy I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” “There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say.” “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” “You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning I will take the things back to the Terrace.” [23] “Good night then I will wake you in the morning.” “You’re my alarm clock,” the boy said Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said “Why old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?” “I don’t know,” the boy said “All I know is that young boys sleep la man said “I’ll waken you in time.” “I not like for him to waken me It is as though I were inferior.” “I know.” “Sleep well old man.” The boy went out They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats [24] come riding through it He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, n strength, nor of his wife He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy He never dreamed about the boy He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy He was shivering with the morning cold But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his [25] bare feet The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed, pulled them on The old man went out the door and the boy came after him He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, “I am sorry.” “Qua Va,” the boy said “It is what a man must do.” They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats When they reached the old man’s shack the boy harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder “Do you want coffee?” the boy asked “We’ll put the gear in the boat and then get some.” They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen “How did you sleep old man?” the boy asked He [26] was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep “Very well, Manolin,” the old man said “I feel confident today.” “So I,” the boy said “Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fresh baits He brings our gear himself He never wants anyone to carry anything.” “We’re different,” the old man said “I let you carry things when you were five years old.” September 2016, The dual IFIP EGOV-ePart 2016 Lead Co-organizers Hans Jochen Scholl (2016 Lead organizer) Olivier Glassey (Chair, Awards Committee) Marijn Janssen (Lead, General E-Government Track) Bram Klievink (Lead, Open Government & Open/Big Data Track) Ida Lindgren (Lead, PhD Colloquium) Peter Parycek (Lead, Smart Governance/Government/Cities Track) Efthimios Tambouris (Lead, General eParticipation Track) Maria A Wimmer (Lead, Policy Modeling/Policy Informatics Track) Tomasz Janowski (Co-host, UNU-EGOV, Portugal) Delfina Sá Soares (Co-host, University of Minho, Portugal) Along with co-chairs Yannis Charalabidis, Mila Gascó, Ramon Gil-Garcia, Panos Panagiotopoulos, Theresa Pardo, Øystein Sæbø, and Anneke Zuiderwijk He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish In the first forty days a boy had been with him But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its [9] reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff w We’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him “No,” the old man said “You’re with a lucky boat Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa made me leave I am a boy and I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” [10] “No,” the old man said “But we have Haven’t we?” ‘Yes,” the boy said “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said “Between fishermen.” They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Ha taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there [11] was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace “Santiago,” the boy said “Yes,” the old man said He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago “Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No Go and play baseball I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.” “I would like to go If I cannot fish with you I would like to serve in some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said “You are already a man.” “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.” [12] “Can it to you?” “I remember everything from when we first went together.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes “If you were my boy I’d take you out and gamble,” he said “But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too.” “I have mine left from today I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One,” the old man said His hope and his confidence had never gone But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises “Two,” the boy said “Two,” the old man agreed “You didn’t steal them?” “I would,” the boy said “But I bought these.” “Thank you,” the old man said He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility But he [13] knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said “Where are you going?” the boy asked “Far out to come in when the wind shifts I want to be out before it is light.” “I’ll try to get him to work far out,” the boy said “Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid.” “He does not like to work too far out.” “No,” the boy said “But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin.” “Are his eyes that bad?” “He is said “He never went turtle-ing That is what kills the eyes.” “But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good.” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I am a strange old man” “But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?” “I think so And there are many tricks.” [14] “Let us take the stuff home,” the boy said “So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines.” They picked up the gear from the boat The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden boat with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft The box with the baits was under the stern of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue the big fish when they were brought alongside No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations to leave in a boat They walked up the road together to the old man’s shack and went in through its open door The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack The shack was made of the toug called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered [15] guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre These were relics of his wife Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt “What you have to eat?” the boy asked “A pot of yellow rice with fish Do you want some?” “No I will eat at home Do you want me to make the fire?” “No I will make it later on Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the cast net?” “Of course.” There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it But they went through this fiction every day There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too “Eighty-five is a lucky number,” the old man said “How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?” “I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?” [16] “Yes I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball.” The boy did not know whether yesterday’s paper was a fiction too But the old man brought it out from under the bed “Perico gave it t back when I have the sardines I’ll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.” “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees my son Think of the great DiMaggio.” “I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” “Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.” “You study it and tell me when I come back.” “Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.” “We can that,” the boy said “But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?” [17] “It could not happen twice Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I can order one “One sheet That’s two dollars and a half Who can we borrow that from?” “That’s easy I can always borrow two dollars and a half.” “I think perhaps I can too But I try not to borrow First you borrow Then you beg.” “Keep warm old man,” the boy said “Remember we are in September.” “The month when the great fish come,” the old man said “Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” “I go now for the sardines,” the boy said When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down The boy took the vii over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun The [18] old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze He was barefooted The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep “Wake up old man,” the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away Then he smiled “What have you got?” he asked “Supper,” said the boy “We’re going to have supper.” “I’m not very hungry.” “Come on and eat You can’t fish and not eat.” “I have,” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it Then he started to fold the blanket “Keep the blanket around you,” the boy said “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.” “Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man said “What are we eating?” “Black beans and rice, fried ba brought them in a two-decker metal container from the Terrace The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set “Who gave this to you?” “Martin The owner.” “I must thank him.” “I thanked him already,” the boy said “You don’t need to thank him.” “I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish,” the old man said “Has he done this for us more than once?” “I think so.” “I must give him something more than the belly meat then He is very thoughtful for us.” “He sent two beers.” “I like the beer in cans best.” “I know But this is in bottles, Hatuey beer, and I take back the bottles.” “That’s very kind of you,” the old man said “Should we eat?” “I’ve been asking you to,” the boy told him gently “I have not wished to open the container until you were ready.” [20] “I’m ready now,” the old man said “I only needed time to wash.” Where did you wash? the boy thought The village water supply was two streets down the road I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel Why am I so Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea thoughtless? I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket “Your stew is excellent,” the old man said “Tell me about the baseball,” the boy asked him “In the American League it is the Yan “They lost today,” the boy told him “That means nothing The great DiMaggio is himself again.” “They have other men on the team.” “Naturally But he makes the difference In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives In the old park.” “There was nothing ever like them He hits the longest ball I have ever seen.” “Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace?” [21] “I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid.” “I know It was a great mistake He might have gone with us Then we would have that for all of our lives.” “I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing,” the old man said “They say his father was a fisherman Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” “The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he, the father, was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age.” “When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.” “I know You told me.” “Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” “Baseball I think,” the boy said “Tell me about the great John J McGraw.” He said Jota for J “He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days But he was rough and drinking His mind was on horses as well as baseball At least he carried lists of [22] horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone.” “He was a great manager,” the boy said “My father thinks he was the greatest.” “Because he came here the most times,” the old man said “If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” “Who is the greatest manager, really, Luque or Mike Gonzalez?” “I think they are equal.” “And the best fisherman is you.” “No I know others better.” “Que Va,” the boy said “There are many good fishermen and some great ones But there is only you.” “Thank you You make me happy I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” “There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say.” “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” “You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning I will take the things back to the Terrace.” [23] “Good night then I will wake you in the morning.” “You’re my alarm clock,” the boy said Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said “Why old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?” “I don’t know,” the boy said “All I know is that young boys sleep la man said “I’ll waken you in time.” “I not like for him to waken me It is as though I were inferior.” “I know.” “Sleep well old man.” The boy went out They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats [24] come riding through it He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, n strength, nor of his wife He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy He never dreamed about the boy He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy He was shivering with the morning cold But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his [25] bare feet The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed, pulled them on The old man went out the door and the boy came after him He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, “I am sorry.” “Qua Va,” the boy said “It is what a man must do.” They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats When they reached the old man’s shack the boy Organization harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder “Do you want coffee?” the boy asked “We’ll put the gear in the boat and then get some.” They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen “How did you sleep old man?” the boy asked He [26] was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep “Very well, Manolin,” the old man said “I feel confident today.” “So I,” the boy said “Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fresh baits He brings our gear himself He never wants anyone to carry anything.” “We’re different,” the old man said “I let you carry things when you were five years old.” Conference Lead Organizer Hans Jochen Scholl, University of Washington, USA General E-Government Track Chairs Marijn Janssen, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands (Lead) Hans Jochen Scholl, University of Washington, USA Maria A Wimmer, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany General eParticipation Track Chairs Efthimios Tambouris, University of Macedonia, Greece (Lead) Panos Panagiotopoulos, Queen Mary University of London, UK Øystein Sæbø, Agder University, Norway Open Government & Open and Big Data Track Chairs Bram Klievink, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands (Lead) Marijn Janssen, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Ida Lindgren, Linköping University, Sweden Policy Modeling and Policy Informatics Track Chairs Maria A Wimmer, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany (Lead) Yannis Charalabidis, National Technical University, Greece Theresa Pardo, Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany, SUNY, USA Smart Governance, Government and Cities Track Chairs Peter Parycek, Danube University Krems, Austria (Lead) Mila Gascó, Escuela Superior de Administración y Dirección de Empresas (ESADE), Spain Olivier Glassey, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland Chair of Outstanding Papers Award Olivier Glassey, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland PhD Colloquium Chairs Ida Lindgren, Linköping University, Sweden (Lead) Ramon GilGarcia, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, Mexico Anneke Zuiderwijk, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Program Committee Suha Al Awadhi, Kuwait University, Kuwait Renata Araujo, Department of Applied Informatics, UNIRIO, Brazil Jansen Arild, University of Oslo, Norway Karin Axelsson, Linköping University, Sweden Frank Bannister, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Jesper Berger, Roskilde University, Denmark Lasse Berntzen, Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Norway Paul Brous, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish In the first forty days a boy had been with him But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its [9] reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff w We’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him “No,” the old man said “You’re with a lucky boat Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa made me leave I am a boy and I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” [10] “No,” the old man said “But we have Haven’t we?” ‘Yes,” the boy said “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said “Between fishermen.” They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Ha taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there [11] was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace “Santiago,” the boy said “Yes,” the old man said He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago “Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No Go and play baseball I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.” “I would like to go If I cannot fish with you I would like to serve in some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said “You are already a man.” “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.” [12] “Can it to you?” “I remember everything from when we first went together.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes “If you were my boy I’d take you out and gamble,” he said “But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too.” “I have mine left from today I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One,” the old man said His hope and his confidence had never gone But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises “Two,” the boy said “Two,” the old man agreed “You didn’t steal them?” “I would,” the boy said “But I bought these.” “Thank you,” the old man said He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility But he [13] knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said “Where are you going?” the boy asked “Far out to come in when the wind shifts I want to be out before it is light.” “I’ll try to get him to work far out,” the boy said “Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid.” “He does not like to work too far out.” “No,” the boy said “But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin.” “Are his eyes that bad?” “He is said “He never went turtle-ing That is what kills the eyes.” “But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good.” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I am a strange old man” “But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?” “I think so And there are many tricks.” [14] “Let us take the stuff home,” the boy said “So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines.” They picked up the gear from the boat The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden boat with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft The box with the baits was under the stern of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue the big fish when they were brought alongside No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations to leave in a boat They walked up the road together to the old man’s shack and went in through its open door The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack The shack was made of the toug called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered [15] guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre These were relics of his wife Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt “What you have to eat?” the boy asked “A pot of yellow rice with fish Do you want some?” “No I will eat at home Do you want me to make the fire?” “No I will make it later on Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the cast net?” “Of course.” There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it But they went through this fiction every day There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too “Eighty-five is a lucky number,” the old man said “How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?” “I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?” [16] “Yes I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball.” The boy did not know whether yesterday’s paper was a fiction too But the old man brought it out from under the bed “Perico gave it t back when I have the sardines I’ll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.” “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees my son Think of the great DiMaggio.” “I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” “Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.” “You study it and tell me when I come back.” “Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.” “We can that,” the boy said “But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?” [17] “It could not happen twice Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I can order one “One sheet That’s two dollars and a half Who can we borrow that from?” “That’s easy I can always borrow two dollars and a half.” “I think perhaps I can too But I try not to borrow First you borrow Then you beg.” “Keep warm old man,” the boy said “Remember we are in September.” “The month when the great fish come,” the old man said “Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” “I go now for the sardines,” the boy said When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down The boy took the viii over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun The [18] old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze He was barefooted The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep “Wake up old man,” the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away Then he smiled “What have you got?” he asked “Supper,” said the boy “We’re going to have supper.” “I’m not very hungry.” “Come on and eat You can’t fish and not eat.” “I have,” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it Then he started to fold the blanket “Keep the blanket around you,” the boy said “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.” “Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man said “What are we eating?” “Black beans and rice, fried ba brought them in a two-decker metal container from the Terrace The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set “Who gave this to you?” “Martin The owner.” “I must thank him.” “I thanked him already,” the boy said “You don’t need to thank him.” “I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish,” the old man said “Has he done this for us more than once?” “I think so.” “I must give him something more than the belly meat then He is very thoughtful for us.” “He sent two beers.” “I like the beer in cans best.” “I know But this is in bottles, Hatuey beer, and I take back the bottles.” “That’s very kind of you,” the old man said “Should we eat?” “I’ve been asking you to,” the boy told him gently “I have not wished to open the container until you were ready.” [20] “I’m ready now,” the old man said “I only needed time to wash.” Where did you wash? the boy thought The village water supply was two streets down the road I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel Why am I so Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea thoughtless? I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket “Your stew is excellent,” the old man said “Tell me about the baseball,” the boy asked him “In the American League it is the Yan Wojciech Cellary, Poznan University of Economics, Poland Bojan Cestnik, Temida d.o.o., Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia Yannis Charalabidis, National Technical University, Greece Soon Ae Chun, City University of New York, USA Wichian Chutimaskul, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand Peter Cruickshank, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom Todd Davies, Stanford University, USA Sharon Dawes, Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany/ SUNY, USA Fiorella de Cindio, Università di Milano, Italy Robin Effing, University of Twente, The Netherlands Elsa Estevez, United Nations University, Macao Sabrina Franceschini, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Italy Iván Futó, National Tax and Customs Administration, Hungary Mila Gascó, ESADE, Spain Katarina Gidlund, Midsweden University, Sweden J Ramon Gil-Garcia, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, Mexico Olivier Glassey, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland Göran Goldkuhl, Linköping University, Sweden Dimitris Gouscos, Laboratory of New Technologies in Communication, Education and the Mass Media, University of Athens, Greece Joris Hulstijn, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Johann Höchtl, Danube University Krems, Austria M Sirajul Islam, Örebro University, Sweden Tomasz Janowski, UNU Operating Unit on Policy-Driven Electronic Governance, Portugal Marijn Janssen, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Carlos Jiménez, IEEE eGovernment, Spain Marius Rohde Johannessen, University College of Southeast Norway, Norway Luiz Antonio Joia, FGV/EBAPE Escola Brasileira de Administraỗóo Pública e de Empresas, Brazil Nikos Karacapilidis, University of Patras, Greece Bram Klievink, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Roman Klinger, University of Stuttgart, Germany Ralf Klischewski, German University in Cairo, Egypt Helmut Krcmar, Technische Universität München, Germany Robert Krimmer, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia Juha Lemmetti, Tampere University of Tecnology, Finland Azi Lev-On, Ariel University Center, Israel Ida Lindgren, Linköping University, Sweden Euripidis Loukis, University of the Aegean, Greece Luis Luna-Reyes, University at Albany, SUNY, USA Ulf Melin, Linköping University, Sweden Gregoris Mentzas, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Michela Milano, Università di Bologna, Italy Yuri Misnikov, Institute of Communications Studies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom “They lost today,” the boy told him “That means nothing The great DiMaggio is himself again.” “They have other men on the team.” “Naturally But he makes the difference In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives In the old park.” “There was nothing ever like them He hits the longest ball I have ever seen.” “Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace?” [21] “I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid.” “I know It was a great mistake He might have gone with us Then we would have that for all of our lives.” “I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing,” the old man said “They say his father was a fisherman Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” “The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he, the father, was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age.” “When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.” “I know You told me.” “Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” “Baseball I think,” the boy said “Tell me about the great John J McGraw.” He said Jota for J “He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days But he was rough and drinking His mind was on horses as well as baseball At least he carried lists of [22] horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone.” “He was a great manager,” the boy said “My father thinks he was the greatest.” “Because he came here the most times,” the old man said “If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” “Who is the greatest manager, really, Luque or Mike Gonzalez?” “I think they are equal.” “And the best fisherman is you.” “No I know others better.” “Que Va,” the boy said “There are many good fishermen and some great ones But there is only you.” “Thank you You make me happy I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” “There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say.” “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” “You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning I will take the things back to the Terrace.” [23] “Good night then I will wake you in the morning.” “You’re my alarm clock,” the boy said Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said “Why old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?” “I don’t know,” the boy said “All I know is that young boys sleep la man said “I’ll waken you in time.” “I not like for him to waken me It is as though I were inferior.” “I know.” “Sleep well old man.” The boy went out They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats [24] come riding through it He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, n strength, nor of his wife He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy He never dreamed about the boy He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy He was shivering with the morning cold But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his [25] bare feet The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed, pulled them on The old man went out the door and the boy came after him He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, “I am sorry.” “Qua Va,” the boy said “It is what a man must do.” They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats When they reached the old man’s shack the boy harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder “Do you want coffee?” the boy asked “We’ll put the gear in the boat and then get some.” They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen “How did you sleep old man?” the boy asked He [26] was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep “Very well, Manolin,” the old man said “I feel confident today.” “So I,” the boy said “Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fresh baits He brings our gear himself He never wants anyone to carry anything.” “We’re different,” the old man said “I let you carry things when you were five years old.” He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish In the first forty days a boy had been with him But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its [9] reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff w We’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him “No,” the old man said “You’re with a lucky boat Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa made me leave I am a boy and I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” [10] “No,” the old man said “But we have Haven’t we?” ‘Yes,” the boy said “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said “Between fishermen.” They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Ha taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there [11] was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace “Santiago,” the boy said “Yes,” the old man said He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago “Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No Go and play baseball I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.” “I would like to go If I cannot fish with you I would like to serve in some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said “You are already a man.” “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.” [12] “Can it to you?” “I remember everything from when we first went together.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes “If you were my boy I’d take you out and gamble,” he said “But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too.” “I have mine left from today I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One,” the old man said His hope and his confidence had never gone But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises “Two,” the boy said “Two,” the old man agreed “You didn’t steal them?” “I would,” the boy said “But I bought these.” “Thank you,” the old man said He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility But he [13] knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said “Where are you going?” the boy asked “Far out to come in when the wind shifts I want to be out before it is light.” “I’ll try to get him to work far out,” the boy said “Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid.” “He does not like to work too far out.” “No,” the boy said “But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin.” “Are his eyes that bad?” “He is said “He never went turtle-ing That is what kills the eyes.” “But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good.” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I am a strange old man” “But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?” “I think so And there are many tricks.” [14] “Let us take the stuff home,” the boy said “So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines.” They picked up the gear from the boat The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden boat with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft The box with the baits was under the stern of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue the big fish when they were brought alongside No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations to leave in a boat They walked up the road together to the old man’s shack and went in through its open door The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack The shack was made of the toug called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered [15] guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre These were relics of his wife Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt “What you have to eat?” the boy asked “A pot of yellow rice with fish Do you want some?” “No I will eat at home Do you want me to make the fire?” “No I will make it later on Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the cast net?” “Of course.” There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it But they went through this fiction every day There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too “Eighty-five is a lucky number,” the old man said “How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?” “I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?” [16] “Yes I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball.” The boy did not know whether yesterday’s paper was a fiction too But the old man brought it out from under the bed “Perico gave it t back when I have the sardines I’ll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.” “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees my son Think of the great DiMaggio.” “I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” “Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.” “You study it and tell me when I come back.” “Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.” “We can that,” the boy said “But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?” [17] “It could not happen twice Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I can order one “One sheet That’s two dollars and a half Who can we borrow that from?” “That’s easy I can always borrow two dollars and a half.” “I think perhaps I can too But I try not to borrow First you borrow Then you beg.” “Keep warm old man,” the boy said “Remember we are in September.” “The month when the great fish come,” the old man said “Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” “I go now for the sardines,” the boy said When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down The boy took the ix over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun The [18] old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze He was barefooted The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep “Wake up old man,” the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away Then he smiled “What have you got?” he asked “Supper,” said the boy “We’re going to have supper.” “I’m not very hungry.” “Come on and eat You can’t fish and not eat.” “I have,” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it Then he started to fold the blanket “Keep the blanket around you,” the boy said “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.” “Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man said “What are we eating?” “Black beans and rice, fried ba brought them in a two-decker metal container from the Terrace The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set “Who gave this to you?” “Martin The owner.” “I must thank him.” “I thanked him already,” the boy said “You don’t need to thank him.” “I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish,” the old man said “Has he done this for us more than once?” “I think so.” “I must give him something more than the belly meat then He is very thoughtful for us.” “He sent two beers.” “I like the beer in cans best.” “I know But this is in bottles, Hatuey beer, and I take back the bottles.” “That’s very kind of you,” the old man said “Should we eat?” “I’ve been asking you to,” the boy told him gently “I have not wished to open the container until you were ready.” [20] “I’m ready now,” the old man said “I only needed time to wash.” Where did you wash? the boy thought The village water supply was two streets down the road I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel Why am I so Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea thoughtless? I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket “Your stew is excellent,” the old man said “Tell me about the baseball,” the boy asked him “In the American League it is the Yan Gianluca Misuraca, European Commission, JRC-IPTS, Italy Catherine Mkude, University of Koblenz, Germany Carl Moe, Agder University, Norway José María Moreno-Jiménez, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain Morten Nielsen, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia Nadine Ogonek, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik, Germany Adegboyega Ojo, Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, Ireland Panos Panagiotopoulos, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom Eleni Panopoulou, University of Macedonia, Greece Theresa Pardo, Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany, SUNY, USA Peter Parycek, Danube University Krems, Austria Marco Prandini, Università di Bologna, Italy Barbara Re, University of Camerino, Italy Nicolau Reinhard, University of São Paulo, Brazil Andrea Resca, Cersi-Luiss “Guido Carli” University, Italy Michael Räckers, European Research Center for Information Systems (ERCIS), Germany Gustavo Salati, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas da Unicamp, Brazil Rodrigo Sandoval Almazan, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Mexico Rui Pedro Santos Lourenỗo, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Sabrina Scherer, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany Hans J Scholl, University of Washington, USA Gerhard Schwabe, Universität Zürich, Switzerland Luizpaulo Silva, UNIRIO, Brazil Maria Sokhn, University of Applied Sciences of Switzerland, Switzerland Henk Sol, University of Groingen, The Netherlands Mauricio Solar, Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Chile Maddalena Sorrentino, University of Milan, Italy Witold Staniszkis, Rodan Systems, Poland Leif Sundberg, Mid Sweden University, Sweden Delfina Sá Soares, University of Minho, Portugal Øystein Sæbø, University of Agder, Norway Efthimios Tambouris, University of Macedonia, Greece Dmitrii Trutnev, e-Government Technologies Center of ITMO University, Russian Federation Jolien Ubacht, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Jörn von Lucke, Zeppelin Universität Friedrichshafen, Germany Elin Wihlborg, Linköping University, Sweden Andrew Wilson, University of Brighton, United Kingdom Maria Wimmer, University of Koblenz, Germany Chien-Chih Yu, National ChengChi University, Taiwan Anneke Zuiderwijk, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands “They lost today,” the boy told him “That means nothing The great DiMaggio is himself again.” “They have other men on the team.” “Naturally But he makes the difference In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives In the old park.” “There was nothing ever like them He hits the longest ball I have ever seen.” “Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace?” [21] “I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid.” “I know It was a great mistake He might have gone with us Then we would have that for all of our lives.” “I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing,” the old man said “They say his father was a fisherman Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” “The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he, the father, was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age.” “When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.” “I know You told me.” “Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” “Baseball I think,” the boy said “Tell me about the great John J McGraw.” He said Jota for J “He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days But he was rough and drinking His mind was on horses as well as baseball At least he carried lists of [22] horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone.” “He was a great manager,” the boy said “My father thinks he was the greatest.” “Because he came here the most times,” the old man said “If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” “Who is the greatest manager, really, Luque or Mike Gonzalez?” “I think they are equal.” “And the best fisherman is you.” “No I know others better.” “Que Va,” the boy said “There are many good fishermen and some great ones But there is only you.” “Thank you You make me happy I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” “There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say.” “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” “You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning I will take the things back to the Terrace.” [23] “Good night then I will wake you in the morning.” “You’re my alarm clock,” the boy said Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said “Why old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?” “I don’t know,” the boy said “All I know is that young boys sleep la man said “I’ll waken you in time.” “I not like for him to waken me It is as though I were inferior.” “I know.” “Sleep well old man.” The boy went out They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats [24] come riding through it He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, n strength, nor of his wife He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy He never dreamed about the boy He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy He was shivering with the morning cold But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his [25] bare feet The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed, pulled them on The old man went out the door and the boy came after him He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, “I am sorry.” “Qua Va,” the boy said “It is what a man must do.” They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats When they reached the old man’s shack the boy harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder “Do you want coffee?” the boy asked “We’ll put the gear in the boat and then get some.” They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen “How did you sleep old man?” the boy asked He [26] was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep “Very well, Manolin,” the old man said “I feel confident today.” “So I,” the boy said “Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fresh baits He brings our gear himself He never wants anyone to carry anything.” “We’re different,” the old man said “I let you carry things when you were five years old.” He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish In the first forty days a boy had been with him But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its [9] reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff w We’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him “No,” the old man said “You’re with a lucky boat Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa made me leave I am a boy and I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” [10] “No,” the old man said “But we have Haven’t we?” ‘Yes,” the boy said “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said “Between fishermen.” They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Ha taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there [11] was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace “Santiago,” the boy said “Yes,” the old man said He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago “Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No Go and play baseball I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.” “I would like to go If I cannot fish with you I would like to serve in some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said “You are already a man.” “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.” [12] “Can it to you?” “I remember everything from when we first went together.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes “If you were my boy I’d take you out and gamble,” he said “But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too.” “I have mine left from today I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One,” the old man said His hope and his confidence had never gone But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises “Two,” the boy said “Two,” the old man agreed “You didn’t steal them?” “I would,” the boy said “But I bought these.” “Thank you,” the old man said He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility But he [13] knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said “Where are you going?” the boy asked “Far out to come in when the wind shifts I want to be out before it is light.” “I’ll try to get him to work far out,” the boy said “Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid.” “He does not like to work too far out.” “No,” the boy said “But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin.” “Are his eyes that bad?” “He is said “He never went turtle-ing That is what kills the eyes.” “But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good.” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I am a strange old man” “But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?” “I think so And there are many tricks.” [14] “Let us take the stuff home,” the boy said “So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines.” They picked up the gear from the boat The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden boat with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft The box with the baits was under the stern of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue the big fish when they were brought alongside No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations to leave in a boat They walked up the road together to the old man’s shack and went in through its open door The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack The shack was made of the toug called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered [15] guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre These were relics of his wife Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt “What you have to eat?” the boy asked “A pot of yellow rice with fish Do you want some?” “No I will eat at home Do you want me to make the fire?” “No I will make it later on Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the cast net?” “Of course.” There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it But they went through this fiction every day There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too “Eighty-five is a lucky number,” the old man said “How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?” “I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?” [16] “Yes I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball.” The boy did not know whether yesterday’s paper was a fiction too But the old man brought it out from under the bed “Perico gave it t back when I have the sardines I’ll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.” “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees my son Think of the great DiMaggio.” “I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” “Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.” “You study it and tell me when I come back.” “Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.” “We can that,” the boy said “But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?” [17] “It could not happen twice Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “I can order one “One sheet That’s two dollars and a half Who can we borrow that from?” “That’s easy I can always borrow two dollars and a half.” “I think perhaps I can too But I try not to borrow First you borrow Then you beg.” “Keep warm old man,” the boy said “Remember we are in September.” “The month when the great fish come,” the old man said “Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” “I go now for the sardines,” the boy said When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down The boy took the x over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun The [18] old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze He was barefooted The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep “Wake up old man,” the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away Then he smiled “What have you got?” he asked “Supper,” said the boy “We’re going to have supper.” “I’m not very hungry.” “Come on and eat You can’t fish and not eat.” “I have,” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it Then he started to fold the blanket “Keep the blanket around you,” the boy said “You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.” “Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man said “What are we eating?” “Black beans and rice, fried ba brought them in a two-decker metal container from the Terrace The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set “Who gave this to you?” “Martin The owner.” “I must thank him.” “I thanked him already,” the boy said “You don’t need to thank him.” “I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish,” the old man said “Has he done this for us more than once?” “I think so.” “I must give him something more than the belly meat then He is very thoughtful for us.” “He sent two beers.” “I like the beer in cans best.” “I know But this is in bottles, Hatuey beer, and I take back the bottles.” “That’s very kind of you,” the old man said “Should we eat?” “I’ve been asking you to,” the boy told him gently “I have not wished to open the container until you were ready.” [20] “I’m ready now,” the old man said “I only needed time to wash.” Where did you wash? the boy thought The village water supply was two streets down the road I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel Why am I so Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea thoughtless? I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket “Your stew is excellent,” the old man said “Tell me about the baseball,” the boy asked him “In the American League it is the Yan Additional Reviewers Ayman Alarabiat Jonathan Bright Claudia Cappelli Gabriel Cavalheiro Sunil Choenni Bettina Distel Felipe Díaz-Sánchez Silja Eckartz Marcelo Fornazin Tupokigwe Isagah Naci Karkin Martin Karlsson Barbara Kieslinger Mehmet Kilic Thomas Josef Lampoltshammer Hannu Larsson Ansgar Mondorf Alessia Caterina Neuroni Ann O’Brien Giulio Pasi Joachim Pfister Dhata Praditya Fadi Salem Birgit Schenk Ralf-Martin Soe Leonardo Sonnante Matthias Steinbauer Gabriela Viale Pereira Gianluigi Viscusi Christian Voigt Erik Wende Sergei Zhilin “They lost today,” the boy told him “That means nothing The great DiMaggio is himself again.” “They have other men on the team.” “Naturally But he makes the difference In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives In the old park.” “There was nothing ever like them He hits the longest ball I have ever seen.” “Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace?” [21] “I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid.” “I know It was a great mistake He might have gone with us Then we would have that for all of our lives.” “I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing,” the old man said “They say his father was a fisherman Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” “The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he, the father, was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age.” “When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.” “I know You told me.” “Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” “Baseball I think,” the boy said “Tell me about the great John J McGraw.” He said Jota for J “He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days But he was rough and drinking His mind was on horses as well as baseball At least he carried lists of [22] horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone.” “He was a great manager,” the boy said “My father thinks he was the greatest.” “Because he came here the most times,” the old man said “If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” “Who is the greatest manager, really, Luque or Mike Gonzalez?” “I think they are equal.” “And the best fisherman is you.” “No I know others better.” “Que Va,” the boy said “There are many good fishermen and some great ones But there is only you.” “Thank you You make me happy I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” “There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say.” “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” “You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning I will take the things back to the Terrace.” [23] “Good night then I will wake you in the morning.” “You’re my alarm clock,” the boy said Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea “Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said “Why old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?” “I don’t know,” the boy said “All I know is that young boys sleep la man said “I’ll waken you in time.” “I not like for him to waken me It is as though I were inferior.” “I know.” “Sleep well old man.” The boy went out They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats [24] come riding through it He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbours and roadsteads of the Canary Islands He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, n strength, nor of his wife He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy He never dreamed about the boy He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy He was shivering with the morning cold But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his [25] bare feet The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed, pulled them on The old man went out the door and the boy came after him He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, “I am sorry.” “Qua Va,” the boy said “It is what a man must do.” They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats When they reached the old man’s shack the boy harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder “Do you want coffee?” the boy asked “We’ll put the gear in the boat and then get some.” They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen “How did you sleep old man?” the boy asked He [26] was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep “Very well, Manolin,” the old man said “I feel confident today.” “So I,” the boy said “Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fresh baits He brings our gear himself He never wants anyone to carry anything.” “We’re different,” the old man said “I let you carry things when you were five years old.”