(Tiểu luận) the impact of sleep on academic performance of ftu undergraduates

Nevertheless, some other studies haveshown that these issues are common and there is no significant association betweensleep quality and academic achievement Jalali et al., 2020; Sweileh

FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF BANKING AND FINANCE

********************

Major: Banking and International Finance

RESEARCH PROPOSAL THE IMPACT OF SLEEP ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

OF FTU UNDERGRADUATES.

Group members: Lê Mạnh Đức 2212340026

Thái Đăng Thành 2212340071Nguyễn Ngọc Tâm Anh 2212340009

Lê Ngọc Ánh 2213340012Phạm Duy Hoàn 2213340036

Group 1 Class: KTEE206(GD1-HK2-2223).8 Lecturer: Dr Thu Trang Nguyen

FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF BANKING AND FINANCE

********************

Major: Banking and International Finance

RESEARCH PROPOSAL THE IMPACT OF SLEEP ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

OF FTU UNDERGRADUATES.

Group members: Lê Mạnh Đức 2212340026

Thái Đăng Thành 2212340071Nguyễn Ngọc Tâm Anh 2212340009

Lê Ngọc Ánh 2213340012Phạm Duy Hoàn 2213340036

Group 1 Class: KTEE206(GD1-HK2-2223).8 Lecturer: Dr Thu Trang Nguyen

Hanoi, April 2023.

TABLE OF CONTENTSTable of Contents

1 Introduction 3

2 Literature review 4

3 Research design and methods 9

1 Introduction

Sleep has always been considered an indispensable part of human life Despitethe broad consensus that university students’ sleep is problematic, prevalence varieswidely from country to country and between studies due to divergent definitions andmeasurement instruments (Desjardins & Grandbois, 2022) Specifically, for eachcollege student, the drastic change at the beginning of university life seems toconsiderably confound their sleep Recent research has pinpointed that better quality,longer duration, and greater consistency of sleep are strongly associated with betteracademic performance in college (Okano et al., 2019) In addition, a lack of sleep cannegatively affect the physiological health, psychological health, and cognitive function

of an individual (Guadiana & Okashima, 2021) Nevertheless, some other studies haveshown that these issues are common and there is no significant association betweensleep quality and academic achievement (Jalali et al., 2020; Sweileh et al., 2011).These conflicting statements have caused great confusion among undergraduates, andsome students have started to underestimate sleep as a crucial part of their study.Therefore, investigating the influence of sleep on academic performance is imperative

to comprehend the underlying determinants of academic result and devisinginterventions to ameliorate students' scholastic accomplishments

Students at Foreign Trade University are proudly known for having a broadeducational background and admirable academic achievements However, due toseveral inevitable lifestyle changes, typically pertaining to the excessive use of mobiledevices and participation in numerous extracurricular activities, FTU studentsnormally experience sleep deprivation and daytime drowsiness In reality, insufficientresearch has been conducted to ascertain the particular influence of sleep patterns onthe academic accomplishments of undergraduates at FTU The research problem iscompounded by the increasing academic demands placed on students, which can lead

to high levels of stress and pressure, potentially impacting sleep quantity and quality.Addressing this research problem is essential to developing effective interventions andpromoting healthy sleep habits among FTU undergraduates to improve academicoutcomes and promote overall student wellbeing

Here are some leading questions that will be directly brought up and addressedthrough this research:

1 What is the current overall sleep quality of FTU students?

2 What are some common factors affecting their sleep habits?

3 How can aspects of sleep (such as sleep quantity and sleep quality) have an impact on the academic performance of FTU students?

4 Is there any relationship between lack of sleep and poorly performed examinations?

5 Does it necessarily mean all FTU students getting high GPAs have adequate sleeping hours as recommended?

2 Literature review

Adequate and high-quality sleep is a crucial physiological need for humanwelfare and optimal health Sleep has been connected to a wide spectrum of physical,emotional, and cognitive benefits, which include improved memory, attention,learning, and creativity Among the various factors that may affect academicperformance, sleep has emerged as a critical factor in determining academic successamong students This literature review is divided into four sections, eachcorresponding to a specific research theme The initial section will generalize thecurrent sleep problem among university students Next, the second section investigatesthe sleep habits of students, while the third section provides studies about thebehaviors that affect sleep Finally, the correlation between sleep and academicperformance will be elaborated on in the last section of the review By examining theresults of previous studies, this review aims to illustrate the general framework theory

of the research proposal and underscore the implications of these findings in order toapply them in a desirable context

Sleep problems are common among undergraduate students Sleep disorders/disturbances, poor sleep quality, and inadequate sleep duration have all been recorded

in recent years At least 60% of college students get poor-quality sleep and only get 7hours of sleep per night on average (Lund et al., 2010) Kang & Chen (2009) discoverthat 33.8% of medical students in Taiwan experienced substandard sleep quality, asindicated by a PSQI score exceeding 5 A previous study found that up to 75% ofcollege students experienced intermittent sleep disruptions, with 15% reporting overall

poor sleep quality (Sing & Wong, 2010) Additionally, prior research indicates that atleast

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Mentor A+ Logic họcphương

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7.7% of students experience insomnia and that 16% of those who participated in thesurvey required longer than 30 minutes to fall asleep (A Schlarb et al., 2012).Furthermore, more than 24.3% of students who take the questionnaire report havingnightmares, which are linked to insomnia symptoms (A A Schlarb, 2015).

The National Sleep Foundation recommends 8 to 10 hours of sleep per nightfor adolescents between the ages of 14 and 17, and 7 to 9 hours per night for peoplebetween the ages of 18 and 64 (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015) However, a substantialnumber of college and university students say they don't get enough sleep More than

1000 college students attending an urban Midwestern university, ranging in age from

17 to 24, take part in a cross-sectional online survey about their sleep habits Theresults of the survey show that only 29% slept for eight hours or more, and 25% sleptfor less than 6.5 hours (Lund et al., 2010) According to a study on sleep duration andsleep patterns in Chinese university students, the percentage of those with sleepduration less than 6 hours/day and 7 hours/day is 8.4% and 43.9%, respectively;therefore, short sleep duration is prevalent among Chinese university students (Li etal., 2017)

University students usually stay up late despite having early morning classesthat require them to wake up early A study conducted on Hong Kong universitystudents reveals that the average bedtime was 12:56 a.m., more than 25% of theparticipants go to bed at 2:00 a.m or later, and the average time reported by students

to fall asleep is 1:16 a.m (Yeung et al., 2008) The typical student goes to bed at 12:24a.m and awakes at 8:12 a.m on weekdays (Forquer et al., 2008) According to the

National Center for Health Researchers, “by 2000, many high schools were starting at 7:30 or earlier, and a growing number of studies showed that these early school schedules can undermine teenagers’ ability to learn, drive safely, and get along with others.” Moreover, there is substantial evidence that suggests school start times that

are earlier (i.e., before 8:30 AM) significantly contribute to inadequate sleep anddisturbances in the body's natural sleep-wake cycle (ADOLESCENT SLEEPWORKING GROUP et al., 2014)

Moreover, students usually have very poor sleep patterns Research conducted

on medical students in Europe and the Middle East found that approximately 70% ofthe participants went to bed between 10 p.m and 12 a.m (A Schlarb et al., 2012).Similarly, Forquer et al (2008) indicate that the majority of students reported staying

up later and waking up later on weekends compared to weekdays Additionally, over33% of students took longer than half an hour to fall asleep, 43% woke up more than

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once during the night, and more than a third of the participants reported experiencingfatigue during the daytime (Forquer et al., 2008) A cross-sectional study was carried

out on medical students at the University of Ghana during the 2014-2015 academicyear, utilizing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - a self-reportedquestionnaire that evaluates sleep quality within a period of one month (Lawson et al.,2019) The study indicates that a significant majority of students, comprising 66% ofthe sample, went to bed between 10p.m and 12a.m Additionally, 85% of the studentswoke up before 6a.m., which resulted in a pervasive occurrence of poor sleep qualityand daytime dysfunction among medical students in Ghana (Lawson et al., 2019).The quality of sleep is one of the most commonly used measures in sleep-related research There are multiple validated sleep quality surveys, with thePittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Buysse et al., 1989) being one of the most commonmeasures Poor sleep quality is frequently reported by students A significantproportion of students suffer from chronic sleep deprivation, with an average of lessthan 7 hours of sleep per night on weekdays, which is particularly pronounced amongfirst-year students (Norbury & Evans, 2019) Furthermore, poor sleep quality has beenlinked to heightened levels of anxiety (Norbury & Evans, 2019) In another study,7,626 students ages 18-29 from six universities completed measures assessing mentalhealth symptoms and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Becker et al., 2018).The findings indicate that a considerable 27% of the participants reported having poorsleep quality, 36% reported getting less than 7 hours of sleep per night, 43% reportedexperiencing difficulty falling asleep for more than 30 minutes at least once a week,and a significant 62% of the participants met the cutoff criteria for poor sleep (Becker

et al., 2018) Moreover, Kabrita et al (2014) investigated sleep quality and factors thatcontribute to sleep and overall health within a culture-specific context in Lebanon.The research included 540 students from private and public universities who wereassessed using the PSQI The findings indicated that poor sleep quality was prevalentamong Lebanese university students, which was linked to shorter sleep durations andchanges in sleep patterns between weekdays and weekends, particularly among thosewho preferred staying up late (Kabrita et al., 2014)

Physical exercises could have positive effects on students’ sleep quality.Analysis indicates that acute physical activity generates positive effects on severalfacets of sleep, including total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, stage 1sleep, slow wave sleep, and yields a moderately beneficial impact on wake time aftersleep onset and a slight effect on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Kredlow et al.,2015) With respect to regular exercise, it has a slight advantageous influence on totalsleep time and sleep efficiency, slight-to-moderate positive effects on sleep onsetlatency, and moderate benefits for overall sleep quality (Kredlow et al., 2015)

The increased use of technological media has a considerable influence on thesleep patterns of university students The presence of computers, laptops, televisions,and other media devices in a student's bedroom diminishes the duration of sleep andpostpones bedtime (Nuutinen et al., 2013) Kim et al (2010) also suggested that heavyInternet use was linked to a variety of risk behaviors, including skipping meals andsleeping late, as well as inferior health outcomes, such as a higher chance of beingoverweight or suffering from hypersomnia 14.8% of students reported heavy Internetusage (>4 h/day), which was linked to a decreased likelihood of participating inhealth- promoting behaviors like exercising or getting medical treatment At least 43%reported decreased sleeping hours and a lack of energy the next day as a result ofsmartphone use, 30% had an unhealthy lifestyle (eating more fast food, gainingweight, and exercising less), and 25% claimed that their academic performance hadbeen negatively affected (Alosaimi et al., 2016).

Caffeine consumption is also an important factor that could impact students’sleep quality Riera-Sampol et al (2022) state that caffeine is among the mostcommonly consumed substances that can alter one's mood and behavior Universitystudents reported using caffeinated products to boost their mood and performance.Drake et al (2013) concludes that a moderate dose of caffeine at bedtime, 3 hoursprior to bedtime, or 6 hours prior to bedtime each have significant effects on sleepdisturbance relative to a placebo Another example comes from the University ofSouth Australia, where researchers look into the relationship between sleep andhabitual caffeine consumption Participants were given surveys retrieving data on theircaffeine intake during the preceding week and their sleeping habits during thepreceding month Results show that a reduction in the duration of sleep was found tohave a positive correlation with an increase in caffeine consumption, and individualswho reported poor quality of sleep consumed a significantly greater amount ofcaffeine in comparison to those who reported good quality of sleep (Watson et al.,2016) Although caffeine can effectively improve low levels of wakefulness andcounteract any decline in task performance that may occur due to sleep deprivation,the consumption of caffeine may have adverse effects on subsequent sleep, leading toexcessive daytime sleepiness (Snel & Lorist, 2011)

Medeiros et al (2001) analyzed the circadian rhythm and examined the impact

of academic timetables and personal traits on both the sleep-wake cycle and academicperformance The subjects were 36 medical students, and these volunteers wererequested to fill out a morningness-eveningness questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep

Quality Index (PSQI) Multiple regression analysis was used to examine thecorrelations