Introduction
Most nowadays students are certain that part-time jobs are very easily accessible It has become a common case because of the training system in many universities in the form of credit, so students can completely proactively arrange their schedule accordingly and still perform to manage the working part-time well Conspicuously that there are innumerable reasons on what accounts for college students to choose to work part-time above other activities to do in spare time According to an article in 2021 on Studentloanhelpinfo.com, not only because of increasing income but also helping students accumulate a lot of experience, practical experience and expand their ability in social networks Certainly that part-time jobs are becoming the current trend because the market economy is strongly competing, social knowledge and practical knowledge greatly affect students' ability to think and work after graduation Furthermore, the figure from a survey by Can Tho University shows that there are 270 students out of 664 students working part-time so it is estimated nearly 41 percent of students have part-time jobs during their studies These proportions have shown that partial employment at university attracts people's attention, especially in FMT - Faculty of Management and Tourism’s undergraduates With the result that, we make an effort to inquire into this in our experimentation which concentrates on whether the proportion of FMT’s students taking a part-time job is less than or equal to 41 percent
Specifically, the compilation of this research's data was focused primarily on the collection of responses to a designed questionnaire to determine the specific proportion of students working part-time Two primary statistical methods were used to investigate the data: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics Pie charts, bar charts, and other graphs were used to visualize descriptive statistics, as well as inferential statistics such as sampling method and hypothesis testing After processing the data, the conclusion over ‘’the proportion of FMT students taking a part-time job is more than 41 percent’’ was revealed and it was, indeed, a good indicator for further recommendations and implications.
Research methodology
Population and sample
Presently, the number of students who are always looking for a part-time job while attending university is increasing quotidian Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the proportion of students who take part-time jobs and its effects on them The population of concern is aimed at students of the Faculty of Management and Tourism (FMT) of Hanoi University Due to the limitation of time and cost to do a survey and analyze information for the entire population, this survey is made with a sample of 112 students who were randomly selected from FMT students of Hanoi University.
Questionnaire design
The approach to obtain information for this project is a questionnaire that included 13 questions related to the part-time jobs of FMT students, which is necessary for Hypothesis testing, descriptive statistics in our project For logical reasoning, the questionnaire is divided into 3 parts
Part : To ensure the validity of the information observation, three personal questions about name, ID number, major and academic year are required Thus, another question added in this part is to eliminate all the respondents who are not taking a part-time job This part is in charge of assembling inputs for the data process using R studio and Excel
1 What is your full name?
3 Which year are you in?
4 Which major are you in?
5 Do you currently have a part-time job?
Part 2: Along with the report’s main purpose, we also pay attention to those who do not work part-time to bring up the more incentive comparison
6 When you are NOT working part-time, how does your GPA change over time?
7 Why don’t you take any jobs? deliver information about the learners’ effort over the part-time job requirements Besides, the degree of willingness to take a part-time job of FMT’s students is a really active factor for report finding which clearly shown in question thirteenth Finally, the responses of whether part-time work outcomes have a negative or positive impact on students’ general performance or not, quoted in the last question Briefly, these questions are surveyed with the expectation of collecting useful and realistic information for survey and evaluation
8 If you are working, what are your main purposes?
9 Does the job relate to interest/major?
10 How much time do you spend on your job in 1 day?
11 Have you gained any soft skills?
12 Are these soft skills advantageous to your academic performance?
13 Level of your agreement in taking a job?
14 When you are working part-time, how does your GPA change over time?
Sample size
In a broader sense, a sample is a manageable subset of the population that demonstrates extremely succinct criteria for population characteristics As a result, selecting sample size necessitates not only full attention but also caution on the study area based We chose a population size equal to over one hundred to avoid a number of self-consciousness in collecting data from a larger population size Such an astronomical population (in thousands of examples) posed many obstacles to its approach After the benchmarks, the larger the sample size, the higher the accuracy of the test when the sample size is asymptotic to the population Therefore, we decided to select a sample of 112 students of the Faculty of Management and Tourism For checking the assumption in the hypothesis test, when population standard deviation is known, and the sample distribution is approximately normal following theCentral Limit Theorem with large sample size: n2, which is greater than 30; z-test is applicable to evaluate part-time jobs effects on FMT’s undergraduates.
Sampling method and data collection
In order to collect a relatively accurate result for this test, a simple (with alternative) random sampling method is used to ensure that all students of the FMT had an equal chance to be selected in the template the sample is not randomly selected, the results may be biased resulting in some error We used RStudio to select a random sample of 112 students
Step 1: Obtaining a list of population members
Step 2: Numbering the list from 1 to 400 (population size) and applying this code: x Zα (4.52 > 1.645) then reject the null Hypothesis (Ho)
Conclusion
There is enough evidence at the level of significance of 0.05 to conclude that the proportion of FMT students taking a part-time job is more than 41 percent
The variables are qualitative with two categorical outcomes ( “YES” and “NO”)
The survey consists of a sequence of 112 identical trials – change from trial to trial, with p = 0.5 and 1 p = 0.5 –
The trials are independent as the choice of students does not affect others
Normal Approximation to The Sampling Distribution Can Be Used by
The sample size is large enough: 112 > 30
Sample proportion for FMT s students saying YES is: ’ p i112
➔ The sampling distribution can be approximated by a normal distribution Therefore, all the assumptions are realized for doing the Z-test for proportions
Reject the null Hypothesis (Ho) because Z* > Zα (4.52>1.645)
5 Conclusion There is enough evidence to conclude that there are more than 41% of FMT students taking a part-time job.
Project Evaluation
Implication
The opinions of FMT students on part-time jobs and their impact on learning were clearly demonstrated in this project Several conclusions have been drawn from the data and hypothesis testing findings When it comes to part-time careers, FMT students are generally apathetic It's worth remembering that accepting a part-time job is motivated by a desire to earn more money and gain social experience The majority of respondents disagree with part- time work because they believe they do not have enough time and that it has a negative impact on their learning outcomes Furthermore, respondents who choose not to have a job account for 36.9% of the total, while those who choose a part-time job account for 61.3 percent of the total The informative findings and results indicate that FMT students believe their GPA does not change much regardless of whether they work part-time or not Students at FMT can find that working while studying is enjoyable.
Limitation
Despite the fact that the survey was meticulously planned and carried out, there are certain drawbacks that cannot be avoided To begin, the results of approximately 100 FMT students were used to create this survey It's impossible to represent all FMT students with such a limited sample size As a result, it does not fully reflect the impact of part-time employment on academic performance Second, the random selection of subjects for the sample will affect the accuracy of the findings The explanation for this is that the selected group of students may share characteristics such as having a part-time job to supplement their income for personal use, and the job is often unrelated to their college studies As a result, the data
This research was conducted to determine whether the proportion of FMT’s students taking a part-time job is less than or equal to 41 percent Through perceiving data by two main statistical methods: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, the finding shows that more than half of surveyed students currently have a part- time or full- time job and they spend about 2 to 5 hours per day for their work To be more detailed, by implementing hypothesis test, it can be concluded that there is enough evidence at the level of significance of 0.05 to conclude that the proportion of FMT students taking a part-time job is more than 41 percent Furthermore, the majority of respondents indicate that their GPA over time is stable or slightly changed regardless when they work or not There are even 10% of working students who have an increased GPA which leads to a conclusion that there is unlikely negative effect of having a part-time job
According to this research, it can be revealed that having a part-time job brings soft skills advantageous to academic performance of more than 80% of responded students and more than half of them get a job related to their interest or major Therefore, it can be predicted that graduated FMT students in the future will easily get a job due to their dynamism and experienced CV
Through this research, a number of recommendations were provided with purpose that they help students to choose an appropriate job Even Though getting a part-time job seems to bring several benefits such as extra income, soft skills and job experiences, students should carefully consider situations to avoid jobs that are unrelated to their major and manage time effectively so that they can keep attaining good academic performance
In the future research, due to limitations in scale of population led to biases in selecting sample and result It is advised that the future project population should be large enough for the sample to output a more accurate result In addition, more tests on further and detailed aspects such as the effectiveness of these jobs ( the amount of money received in comparison to effort ) should be conducted In a nutshell, extra tests need to be operated for deeper results
Nguyễn Phạm Tuyết Anh, Châu Thị Lệ Duyên and Hoàng Minh Trí (2013) ‘Tác động của việc đi làm thêm đến kết quả học tập của sinh viên trường Đại học Cần Thơ’ [research] Available at: https://kinhteluongtdt.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/trongtruong_so26d_05.pdf
YenMy.(2021) ‘Tìm hiểu thực trạng sinh viên làm thêm hiện nay’ [online] Studentloanhelpinfo Available at: https://studentloanhelpinfo.com/sinh-vien-lam-them/
PROJECT BONUS MARK FORM Probability and Statistics, Spring 2021
Our group would like to be considered for a bonus mark for doing substantial additional work
We have completed the following parts of the project using the R programming language:
Where to find the R code (e.g Appendix A)
Where to find the R output (e.g Appendix B)
Data preprocessing (e.g reading data file, converting relevant variables into factors)
Sampling method Yes Appendix D Appendix C
Graphical descriptive methods (including graphs for checking test’s assumptions)
Inferential methods Yes Appendix D Appendix
We are students of FMT faculty at Hanoi University Our group is currently doing research on
"The proportion of FMT students taking a part-time job" We really need your help so as to complete this study
All information you provide will be completely confidential and used only in our research Your contributions are very meaningful to us Hope that you will take some time to do the survey Thanks a bunch
1 What is your full name?
2 Which year are you in?
5 Do you currently have a part-time job?
If you are not having any jobs
1 When you are NOT working part-time, how does your GPA change over time?
2 If you ticked “NO”, what are the reasons?
○ Do not have enough time
○ Parents want you to concentrate on your education
If you are not having any jobs
1 If you are working, what is your main purposes?
○ Create relationship in your job
2 Does the job relate to interest/major?
3 Does the job relate to interest/major?
4 Have you gained any soft skills?
5 Are these soft skills advantageous to your academic performance?
1 Which major are you in?
2 Which major are you in?
3 Do you currently have a part-time job?
Proportion (%) Having a part-time job?
Proportion (%) GPA changes over time
5 Does the job relate to interest/major?
6 How much time do you spend on your job in 1 day?
7 Are these soft skills advantageous to your academic performance?
Proportion (%) GPA changes over time
2 Đinh Thị Phương Linh 1904010058 Accounting
3 Đàm Đình Bắc 1904040013 Finance and Banking
4 Phạm Diễm Quỳnh 1904040101 Finance and Banking
6 Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Ánh 1804040012 Finance and Banking
7 Mạc Thị Kim Oanh 1904010083 Accounting
9 Phạm Thị Mai Lê 1904040057 Finance and Banking
10 Trịnh Huyền Thương 1904000109 Business Administration
14 Lê Diễm Quỳnh 1904040100 Finance and Banking
17 Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo 2004010094 Accounting
20 Vũ Thị Thu Hường 1904040054 Finance and Banking
21 Nguyễn Hữu Phú 1904040095 Finance and Banking
22 Hoàng Minh Châu 1904000018 Business Administration
23 Nguyễn Minh Ngọc Giang 1904000032 Business Administration
24 Nguyễn Thị Thanh Huyền 1904000053 Business Administration
25 Phan Thị Thanh Thúy 1704010106 Accounting
26 Trần Thị Hà 1904000037 Business Administration
27 Bùi Kim Ngân 1904040082 Finance and Banking
28 Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Lan 1906090051 Tourism
29 Hoàng Hồng Nhung 1904000090 Business Administration
30 Bùi Thị Hương Giang 1904000030 Business Administration
21 Dương Thùy Trang 1904000110 Business Administration
33 Đoàn Thuỳ Linh 1904000063 Business Administration
36 Trần Thị Thu Thủy 1904010106 Accounting
40 Nguyễn Võ Anh Kiệt 1804040055 Finance and Banking
42 Vũ Đức Thành 1904000101 Business Administration
43 Trần Mai Chi 1904000022 Business Administration
44 Phan Thị Vân Anh 1904000012 Business Administration
45 Nguyễn Thị Hà Vy 1904000120 Business Administration
46 Nguyễn Phương Linh 1904000065 Business Administration
47 Vũ Ngọc Khánh 1904000058 Business Administration
49 Trần Thị Yến Nhi 1706090056 Tourism
50 Nguyễn Thị Hồng Hạnh 1904040036 Finance and Banking
51 Phạm Thị Trang 1904040122 Finance and Banking
52 Lê Thanh Hà 1904040031 Finance and Banking
53 Nguyễn Công Thùy Linh 1904040065 Finance and Banking
54 Nguyễn Minh Phương 1904040097 Finance and Banking
55 Nguyễn Thùy Linh 1704000074 Business Administration
59 Vũ Thuý Hằng 1904000046 Business Administration
62 Trịnh Quang Sơn 1904040102 Finance and Banking
63 Dương Thị Nhật Hà 1904010024 Accounting
64 Dương Duy Phan 1904000092 Business Administration
65 Bùi Việt Hà 1904040030 Finance and Banking
66 Lưu Hoàng Quỳnh Hoa 1904040044 Finance and Banking
67 Phạm Đinh Thành 1904040107 Finance and Banking
68 Quách Đức Thành 1904040108 Finance and Banking
69 Nguyễn Thùy Giang 2004000029 Business Administration
71 Nguyễn Thị Thuỳ Dung 1904000026 Business Administration
72 Vi Thi Thu 1904000107 Business Administration
74 Phạm Thị Anh Thư 1906090107 Tourism
81 Nguyễn Liễu 1904040058 Finance and Banking
82 Nguyễn Mai Hoài Linh 1806090054 Tourism
84 Bùi Yến Nhi 1904040091 Finance and Banking
85 Phạm Ngọc Linh 1904000067 Business Administration
87 Lê Thị Thái Hà 1906090025 Tourism
90 Nguyễn Thị Thu Thảo 1904050043 Marketing
91 Nguyễn Thị Hà My 1904050026 Marketing
92 Đinh Thị Mai Linh 1904040062 Finance and Banking
94 Nguyễn Hà Linh 1904040066 Finance and Banking
95 Đồng Thị Thùy Dung 1504000014 Business Administration
96 Trần Thị Phương Thảo 1904040114 Finance and Banking
97 Nguyễn Thị Thu Hoài 1906090040 Tourism
98 Phạm Thu Hà 1904040033 Finance and Banking
102 Chu Thi Thuy Dung 1904040021 Finance and Banking
105 Chu Thị Thùy Dung 1904040021 Finance and Banking
106 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 1904010010 Accounting
107 Lương Khánh Linh 1904040064 Finance and Banking
112 Nguyễn Thị Phương Ngọc 1906090075 Tourism
> setwd("C:/Users/ADMIN/OneDrive/Documents/R") pas read.csv("ds_pas.csv",header = TRUE,sep = ",",stringsAsFactors
> one.prop.test pas1 plot(pas1$Outcome.1,pas1$Outcome.2)
> plot(pas1$Outcome.1,pas1$Outcome.2,xlab = "Outcome.1",ylab "Outcome.2",main = "The relationship between Outcome.1 and Outcome.2")