However, two effective brainstorming techniques that willbe employed for our research questions are the "6 Thinking Hats" technique and the "Wh-Question" technique.The "6 Thinking Hats"
INTRODUCTION
B ACKGROUND
In today's dynamic work environment, the traditional concept of long-term employment is evolving, prompting a critical question about the viability of a single career path The rise of the gig economy offers a compelling alternative, as highlighted by Labor Economist Jane Smith, who notes that it has disrupted stable employment models, enabling individuals to forge personalized career trajectories and adopt flexible work arrangements Furthermore, Donny Gamble emphasizes in his book, "Gig Economy Side Hustle," that this new economic landscape democratizes the workforce, empowering diverse individuals to engage and succeed in various roles.
The gig economy, characterized by short-term, on-demand, and task-based work, has gained prominence across various industries Initially associated with the music industry, the term
The term "gig" has evolved to cover a wider array of sectors, with a notable increase in demand for temporary and contract labor following the 2008 global financial crisis, primarily due to cost-cutting pressures This growth has significantly contributed to the expansion of the gig economy It's essential to acknowledge that short-term, on-demand work has existed in various forms for a long time, including roles like temporary babysitters, house cleaners, minicab drivers, and freelancers, especially within creative industries.
"gig worker" overlaps with other designations like "freelancer," "self-employed,"
The terms "independent worker," "contingent worker," and "non-traditional worker" encompass a wide variety of individuals involved in non-standard work arrangements, underscoring the complex and diverse landscape of the gig economy.
The pandemic disrupted global labor markets, prompting individuals to reassess their work strategies The appeal of the traditional 9-to-5 job declined, leading to an increased demand for flexible and self-directed work options This shift has fostered the growth of the gig economy, where people can pursue short-term projects, freelance work, and gig contracts tailored to their specific skills and preferences.
In Vietnam, the gig economy has become increasingly significant due to the rise of short-term jobs and freelance work in recent decades This economic model provides a variety of opportunities for individuals, encompassing everything from ride-sharing services to digital marketplaces for specialized professionals.
PPNC trong Kinh tế và Kinh…
Chương 5 của PP NC trong KT & KD
NOTE PHƯƠNG PHÁP Nghiên CỨU…
022 article A001 en - bhjhftf guho ijijk;l;
Kinh tế và… None4 seeking to experience different works, connect with people from different disciplines, and forge their own paths to economic prosperity
Despite its importance, there is a significant lack of research on the gig economy's impact on work quality in Vietnam This study aims to provide a framework for future investigations, encouraging researchers to explore this critical issue By doing so, they can enhance the existing knowledge base and support evidence-based decision-making A thorough understanding of the gig economy's effects will facilitate the creation of targeted policies and support systems that foster fair, inclusive, and sustainable work environments for gig workers in Vietnam.
R ESEARCH Q UESTIONS
Research questions are essential in directing the research process, particularly regarding the gig economy's impact on work quality in Vietnam They ensure a comprehensive exploration of relevant aspects Labor Economist Jane Smith emphasizes that "the formulation of research questions is the foundation for meaningful and effective investigation into the gig economy's impact on work quality" (Smith, 2020) In a similar vein, Donny Gamble, author of "Gig Economy Side Hustle," states that "research questions serve as a compass, guiding researchers towards a comprehensive understanding of the gig economy's effects on work quality" (Gamble, 2021).
Utilizing diverse brainstorming techniques can effectively generate a comprehensive set of research questions regarding the gig economy's impact on work quality Techniques such as free writing, mind mapping by Tony Buzan, reverse brainstorming introduced by Alex Osborn, and SWOT analysis developed by Albert provide unique approaches to idea generation and valuable insights into various aspects of this evolving labor market.
S Humphrey), and among others However, two effective brainstorming techniques that will be employed for our research questions are the "6 Thinking Hats" technique and the "Wh- Question" technique.
The "6 Thinking Hats" Technique : The "6 Thinking Hats" technique, developed by
Edward de Bono, is a structured brainstorming method that encourages parallel thinking It involves assigning different "hats" or roles to participants, each representing a different perspective or approach The hats include:
PPNC trongKinh tế và… None2
- White Hat: Factual and objective thinking
- Red Hat: Emotional and intuitive thinking
- Black Hat: Critical and cautious thinking
- Yellow Hat: Positive and optimistic thinking
- Green Hat: Creative and innovative thinking
- Blue Hat: Process-oriented and facilitative thinking
Using this technique, we can explore the gig economy's impact on work quality from multiple angles, as what questions we generated using the "6 Thinking Hats" technique below:
- White Hat: What are the current statistical trends in gig economy participation in
- Red Hat: How do gig workers in Vietnam feel about the level of control they have over their work schedules?
- Black Hat: What are the potential risks and drawbacks associated with gig work in terms of financial stability?
- Yellow Hat: What are the positive aspects of gig work that contribute to job satisfaction among workers in Vietnam?
- Green Hat: How can innovative technologies be leveraged to enhance work quality in the gig economy?
- Blue Hat: What processes can be implemented to ensure fair and equitable treatment of gig workers in Vietnam?
The "Wh-Question" technique is an essential method in research and critical thinking that encourages the formulation of questions beginning with the five W's (Who, What, Where, When, Why) and one H (How) This approach facilitates an in-depth examination of different aspects, especially regarding the gig economy's influence on work quality By utilizing this technique, researchers can generate insightful inquiries that lead to a better understanding of the gig economy's effects on employment standards and worker experiences.
- What does gig work mean within the context of Vietnam?
- Who are the primary participants in the gig economy in Vietnam, and how does their demographic profile influence work quality?
- Where do gig workers in Vietnam primarily find gig opportunities, and how does this affect their work quality?
Gig workers in Vietnam often face income instability fluctuations at peak times or during festive seasons, when demand for their services surges The primary reasons driving Vietnamese participation in the gig economy include flexibility, supplementing income, and gaining new experiences However, this trend raises concerns about work quality, as gig workers may prioritize quantity over quality to maximize earnings during peak periods To maintain a balance between demand and work quality, it's crucial to implement policies that support gig workers, ensuring fair compensation and promoting skill development.
- How do gig workers in Vietnam perceive their working conditions and how does it impact their overall work quality?
The gig economy in Vietnam significantly influences work quality, as highlighted by five key questions that delve into its impact These questions explore various dimensions of gig work, including job security, income stability, and worker satisfaction They also address the implications of flexible working arrangements on overall productivity and well-being Understanding these aspects is crucial for assessing the broader effects of gig employment on the Vietnamese workforce.
1 How is the gig economy defined and understood within the context of Vietnam?
2 How do gig economy workers in Hanoi, Vietnam assess their job satisfaction, income stability, working conditions, and career prospects?
3 What economic and social factors influence the work of gig workers in Vietnam?
This article explores five key questions related to the gig economy and work quality in Vietnam, offering a structured approach for research It includes a clear definition of the gig economy, evaluates work quality from the viewpoint of gig workers, investigates the factors that influence this quality, and identifies the challenges faced by workers along with potential solutions.
R ESEARCH O BJECTIVES
Research objectives are crucial for guiding investigations and ensuring meaningful contributions to the field, as emphasized by renowned researcher Sarah Adams (2022) They provide a framework for focused inquiry, allowing researchers to systematically address questions and achieve impactful outcomes, according to respected scholar Mark Johnson (2021) Ultimately, well-defined research objectives shape the research process by offering clarity and direction.
Research objectives stem from research questions and form the essential foundation of a study According to scholar Rachel Collins, "Research objectives are the logical extensions of well-crafted research questions, providing a roadmap for inquiry and guiding researchers towards meaningful outcomes" (Collins, 2021) The previously identified research questions serve as the basis for developing research objectives By converting these questions into precise objectives, researchers can effectively define their study and clarify the specific goals they aim to achieve.
The research objectives for exploring the impact of the gig economy on work quality in Vietnam are as follows:
The gig economy in Vietnam is characterized by its unique traits and dynamic nature, encompassing a wide range of freelance and short-term job opportunities This examination highlights the diverse forms of gig work prevalent in the country, as well as the overall scope and scale of this emerging economic sector.
Assessing work quality in Vietnam's gig economy involves understanding the experiences of gig workers Key factors include job satisfaction, income stability, work-life balance, working conditions, career prospects, and job security By evaluating these elements, we can gain insights into the overall quality of gig work and its impact on workers' lives.
The quality of work in the gig economy is significantly influenced by various economic, social, and technological factors This analysis focuses on understanding how these elements affect the experiences and outcomes of gig workers in Vietnam, highlighting the intricate relationship between these influences and the overall work quality in this sector.
The research objectives are vital for understanding the gig economy's impact on work quality in Vietnam, providing valuable insights that inform evidence-based decision-making By addressing these goals, researchers can influence policies and interventions to support gig workers Ultimately, this proposal aims to offer a comprehensive framework and guidance for researchers to effectively pursue these essential objectives.
S IGNIFICANCE OF THE S TUDY
This study is significant as it aims to bridge a critical knowledge gap regarding the impact of the gig economy on work quality in Vietnam By examining the unique experiences of gig workers in this context, the research seeks to offer valuable insights that can inform evidence-based decision-making processes.
This research aims to enhance the understanding of the gig economy in Vietnam, a nation experiencing a notable increase in gig work and freelance opportunities By addressing the existing gap in research, the findings will offer valuable insights into the impact of the gig economy on work quality within the Vietnamese context.
Understanding the impact of the gig economy on work quality is essential for promoting the well-being and empowerment of gig workers This study evaluates critical factors such as job satisfaction, income stability, working conditions, and career prospects, revealing how these elements shape gig workers' experiences The findings aim to highlight areas for improvement and develop strategies that enhance work quality and overall worker well-being.
The research findings will enrich academic discussions on the gig economy, work quality, and labor market dynamics, serving as a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners Insights from this study will facilitate further research and expand knowledge in these fields Additionally, the practical applications of the study will benefit gig workers, employers, policymakers, and organizations in Vietnam, offering evidence-based recommendations and strategies to improve work quality within the gig economy.
This study highlights the importance of examining the gig economy's effect on work quality in Vietnam, addressing a crucial research gap It aims to enhance knowledge, empower gig workers, and provide valuable insights for both academic and practical purposes By focusing on this significant issue, the research seeks to promote a fair, inclusive, and sustainable gig economy ecosystem in Vietnam, ultimately benefiting all stakeholders.
LITERATURE REVIEW
J OB Q UALITY IN T HE G E IG CONOMY
The research strategy adopted is a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methods This strategy is well-suited for examining the gig economy's effects on work quality in Vietnam, as it facilitates a thorough analysis by considering both the subjective experiences of workers and objective indicators of work quality.
In Vietnam, qualitative methods like interviews will be employed to gain deep insights into gig workers' experiences, revealing the complexities of the gig economy and its effects on job satisfaction, work-life balance, and overall well-being Additionally, quantitative methods such as surveys and statistical analysis will be utilized to gather and assess numerical data on work quality indicators, providing a more objective view of the gig economy's impact This dual approach will facilitate comparisons between various gig work types and traditional employment, enhancing our understanding of work quality in this evolving labor market.
Due to time and financial constraints, we prioritize collecting primary data through surveys and semi-structured interviews, while also utilizing secondary data from government publications, websites, books, journal articles, and academic papers for a more cost-effective approach Semi-structured interviews involve pre-prepared questions that allow for flexibility, enabling researchers to ask follow-up questions based on the interviewee's responses This method not only facilitates thorough preparation but also enhances the quality of qualitative data collected, ensuring that researchers can effectively communicate their inquiries in a structured yet adaptable manner.
This research involves a sample size of around 100 participants, utilizing two sampling techniques: purposive sampling and snowball sampling The focus is on gig workers aged 18-30 who are actively participating in the gig economy in Vietnam, encompassing individuals from diverse platforms such as ride-sharing, food delivery, and freelance services.
METHODOLOGY
R ESEARCH S TRATEGY
The research strategy employed is a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methods This methodology is well-suited for examining the gig economy's influence on work quality in Vietnam, as it facilitates a thorough analysis that encompasses both the subjective experiences of workers and objective indicators of work quality.
To gain a comprehensive understanding of the gig economy in Vietnam, qualitative methods like interviews will be employed to explore the experiences and perspectives of gig workers, highlighting aspects such as job satisfaction, work-life balance, and overall well-being Additionally, quantitative methods, including surveys and statistical analysis, will be utilized to gather numerical data on work quality indicators, enabling an objective assessment of the gig economy's impact on work quality This dual approach will facilitate comparisons between various forms of gig work and traditional employment, uncovering the intricate dynamics at play.
Due to time and budget constraints, we gather primary data through surveys and semi-structured interviews, while also collecting secondary data from government publications, websites, books, journal articles, and academic papers for a more cost-effective and refined approach Semi-structured interviews involve pre-prepared questions, allowing researchers to adapt and ask follow-up questions based on the interviewee's responses, ensuring reliable qualitative data collection This method enables researchers to present questions in a preferred format, enhancing the depth and quality of the information obtained.
S AMPLING T ECHNIQUES
This research involves a sample size of around 100 participants, utilizing two sampling techniques: purposive sampling and snowball sampling The focus is on gig workers aged 18 to 30 who are actively participating in the gig economy in Vietnam, encompassing individuals from diverse platforms such as ride-sharing, food delivery, and freelance services.
The research utilizes purposive and snowball sampling to select participants with relevant experiences in the gig economy in Vietnam, thereby enhancing the validity and applicability of the findings Purposive sampling focuses on individuals directly involved in the gig economy, allowing for in-depth insights based on specific characteristics like experience and work quality perceptions Complementing this, snowball sampling leverages participants' social networks to identify additional gig workers, employers, and stakeholders, which is crucial given the decentralized nature of the gig economy This combined approach ensures a comprehensive inclusion of diverse perspectives, enriching the data collected and providing a nuanced understanding of the gig economy's impact on work quality in Vietnam.
To ensure the selection of suitable participants, the following inclusion and exclusion criteria can be applied:
- Participants who are currently engaged in gig work in Vietnam.
- Participants who have at least six months of experience in the gig economy.
- Participants who are willing to provide informed consent for participation in the study.
- Participants who meet the legal working age and fulfill the necessary legal requirements to engage in gig work.
- Participants who have sufficient proficiency in the language used for data collection (e.g., Vietnamese or English) to effectively communicate their experiences and perceptions.
- Participants who have not previously participated in the research study or have been included in the sample for a related study.
- Participants who do not have a conflict of interest that may bias their responses or compromise the integrity of the research.
Exclusion Criteria: Participants who do not meet the inclusion criteria stated above.
Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental or selective sampling, involves selecting participants based on specific characteristics or experiences relevant to the research topic.24
The following sampling procedure can be employed for participant selection using purposive sampling:
- Step 1: Identify potential gig workers through gig economy platforms, online communities, or local gig worker associations.
To ensure a well-rounded study, select participants aged 18-30 who meet specific criteria, including their years of experience in the gig economy, the types of gig work they have performed, and their perceptions of work quality.
- Step 3: Contact potential participants through email, online messaging, or in-person meetings to explain the study's purpose and request their participation.
Snowball sampling, or referral sampling, is a method of participant recruitment that relies on referrals from initial participants, making it especially effective for reaching hard-to-access populations or niche communities This technique allows researchers to build a network of participants through existing connections, facilitating the selection process in studies where traditional sampling methods may be challenging.
To effectively explore the gig economy and work quality in Vietnam, start by choosing a diverse group of initial participants from the target population through purposive sampling This approach ensures that the selected individuals represent a variety of perspectives and experiences, enriching the research findings.
The referral process begins by selecting initial participants who can then recommend additional individuals that fit the research criteria Participants are encouraged to tap into their networks of gig workers, employers, stakeholders, and other pertinent contacts To enhance the diversity of insights, it's important to motivate participants to refer individuals from various backgrounds and experiences.
To initiate the research process, reach out to the referred individuals, clearly outlining the study's purpose and their relationship with the original participant who referred them Inquire about their willingness to participate in the research and collect their contact information for future communication.
To achieve data saturation, persist with the snowball sampling method by encouraging newly recruited participants to offer additional referrals This iterative process ensures that the inclusion of new participants eventually yields diminishing returns in terms of fresh insights and perspectives.
D ATA C OLLECTION
This research proposal utilizes a comprehensive data collection process that includes both primary and secondary sources By combining secondary data with primary data, the study enhances the context and credibility of its findings through established knowledge and insights.
The following strategy will be applied for collecting primary data :
Surveys will collect primary data from a sample of gig workers and employers in Vietnam, utilizing social platforms like Upwork, Facebook, and LinkedIn Additionally, data will be gathered through workshops and webinars that focus on the gig economy in Vietnam.
To gain valuable insights into the impact of the gig economy on work quality, we will conduct interviews with a select group of participants Our first step will be to connect with the Human Resources Club at Foreign Trade University, as they may have contacts in the gig economy that can facilitate access to knowledgeable individuals for these interviews.
- Online Survey: Utilize free online survey platforms such as Google Forms or SurveyMonkey to design and distribute the survey to the target population.
Conducting face-to-face interviews with a select group of willing participants allows for the collection of valuable insights based on their experiences It is essential to schedule these interviews at mutually convenient locations for both the researcher and the participants to facilitate open and effective communication.
Phone Interviews: Consider conducting interviews over the phone to save time and expenses Ask participants for their consent to record the interviews for accurate transcription and analysis.
To create an effective survey questionnaire, design a concise instrument that includes a balanced mix of closed-ended and select open-ended questions to collect both quantitative and qualitative data Ensure the survey remains manageable in length to enhance participant engagement and response rates The following table outlines a detailed questionnaire tailored for this purpose.
5 Years of Experience in the Gig Economy:
6 On a scale of 1 to 5, how satisfied are you with your current gig work?
7 On a scale of 1-5, how would you rate the overall work conditions in the gig economy?
8 On a scale of 1-5, how do you feel that your gig work provides you with a sense of job security?
9 On a scale of 1-5, are you able to maintain a good work- life balance in your gig work?
10 On a scale of 1-5, how would you rate the income stability in the gig economy?
Section 3: Job Satisfaction and Motivation
11 On a scale of 1-5, what is the level of satisfaction that gig work brings to yourself?
12 On a scale of 1-5, how motivated are you to perform well in your gig work?
13 Do you feel that your gig work offers opportunities for career growth and development?
14 Do you face challenges or difficulties in your gig work that affect your job satisfaction?
Section 4: Work-Related 15 Do you experience high levels of stress in your gig work?27
If yes, please specify the main sources of stress.
16 Have you ever experienced burnout in your gig work? If yes, what factors contributed to the burnout?
Section 5: Social Support and Networking
17 On a scale of 1-5, how do you perceive the level of social support available to gig workers in Vietnam?
18 Have you found it helpful to be part of any gig worker communities or networks? If yes, please share your experiences.
19 Do you see yourself continuing to work in the gig economy in the long term? Why or why not?
To effectively assess work quality in the gig economy, it's essential to create a structured interview guide featuring open-ended questions that explore key aspects of the topic This guide should facilitate follow-up probing, enabling participants to share their unique experiences and insights A comprehensive questionnaire can be utilized to gather detailed information during the interviews, ensuring a thorough understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by gig workers.
1 Can you briefly describe your experience and involvement in the gig economy?
2 How did you enter the gig economy, and what motivated you to pursue gig work?
3 How would you define work quality in the context of the gig economy?
4 How satisfied are you with the quality of work in your gig economy role?
5 Can you share any positive experiences or aspects of work quality you have 28 encountered in your gig work?
6 Have you faced any challenges or negative experiences related to work quality? If yes, please elaborate.
7 How has gig work affected your overall well-being, including physical and mental health?
8 Have you experienced any work-related stress or burnout in the gig economy?
If yes, can you describe it?
9 How would you describe the income stability in the gig economy? Do you face any challenges in achieving financial security?
10 Have you faced any difficulties in accessing benefits or protections typically associated with traditional employment?
11 Do you perceive any opportunities for career growth and progression in the gig economy? If yes, please explain.
12 What steps, if any, have you taken to enhance your skills or expand your gig work opportunities?
13 Are there any support networks or communities that you engage with as a gig worker? How have they benefited you?
14 Have you collaborated with other gig workers or engaged in cooperative efforts to improve work conditions or advocate for gig workers' rights? If yes, please provide examples.
15 How do you manage work-life balance in the gig economy? Are there any strategies or techniques that have been effective for you?
16 Do you feel that the gig economy allows for flexibility in balancing personal29 and professional commitments? Please explain.
17 What are your thoughts on the government's role in regulating the gig economy and ensuring work quality?
18 Are there any specific policies or regulations that you believe should be implemented to improve work quality in the gig economy?
19 Do you see the gig economy as a sustainable and viable career choice in the long term? Why or why not?
20 What changes or improvements would you like to see in the gig economy to enhance work quality and the overall experience for gig workers?
Utilize free online survey platforms to efficiently and securely collect and store survey responses, ensuring seamless data recording For interviews, employ digital audio recording apps or devices to capture and preserve the sessions accurately.
For effective data transcription, consider personally transcribing interviews or utilizing free transcription software and affordable services designed for students Focus on transcribing only the relevant sections to ensure you capture essential insights for analysis.
To ensure data security and accessibility, store collected primary data on personal computers or secure cloud storage platforms with password protection It's essential to comply with university guidelines and ethical considerations regarding data storage.
For effective data analysis, leverage free software such as Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets to analyze quantitative data gathered from surveys Additionally, apply thematic analysis techniques to qualitative data obtained from interviews, allowing you to uncover patterns and themes within the responses.
To ensure data accuracy and reliability, it is essential to thoroughly review and verify survey responses for completeness and consistency Additionally, validating interview transcripts against the original audio recordings is crucial for maintaining overall accuracy.
The following strategy will be applied to collect secondary data :
- Vietnam General Statistics Office: Access official reports, surveys, and data published by the Vietnam General Statistics Office related to labor, employment, and the gig economy in Vietnam.
- International Labour Organization (ILO): Utilize publications, reports, and datasets from the ILO that provide insights into the gig economy, labor market trends, and work quality in Vietnam.
To explore the gig economy and work quality in Vietnam, it is essential to consult academic research papers, industry reports, and studies conducted by various researchers and organizations Utilizing online databases, university libraries, and scholarly platforms will facilitate the gathering of relevant literature on this topic.
Access and download essential reports and publications from the Vietnam General Statistics Office's official website to find valuable data on employment, labor market trends, and key indicators pertaining to the gig economy.
Discover valuable insights into Vietnam's gig economy by visiting the International Labour Organization (ILO) website Here, you can access a range of reports, surveys, and studies that focus on work quality and labor conditions Be sure to download available datasets and explore comprehensive publications to enhance your understanding of this evolving sector.
To explore the gig economy and work quality in Vietnam, it is essential to conduct a thorough literature review of relevant academic research papers from reputable journals Utilize online databases like Google Scholar, JSTOR, or your university library to access studies that provide valuable insights into this emerging field.
D ATA A NALYSIS T ECHNIQUES
Step 1: Preparing, checking and inputting data
The initial phase entails cleaning and preparing the survey data, which involves assessing data quality, addressing any missing values, and formatting the data to ensure it is suitable for analysis.
Researchers utilize tables to summarize data and employ diagrams and charts for effective presentation Comparative proportional pie charts are essential for analyzing and comparing the proportions of different categories and their totals This study employs STATA as the statistical software due to its user-friendly interface, speed, and accuracy.
Step 4: Examine shape of diagrams
Step 6: Explore relationships, differences and trends using statistics
Descriptive statistics provide a comprehensive overview of the data by calculating essential measures such as mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation for each variable.
Inferential statistics play a crucial role in hypothesis testing, allowing researchers to identify significant differences or relationships between variables This process often includes the use of statistical tests such as t-tests, ANOVA, and regression analysis, tailored to address specific research questions.
Interpreting the data is a crucial step that involves analyzing the results from statistical tests and visualizations to draw meaningful conclusions about job quality.
To report the findings of the analysis in a clear and concise manner, we create visualizations like graphs, tables, and charts to present and conclude.
Transcribing face-to-face and phone interviews requires the accurate recording of the interviewees' actual words Each transcription should be saved as an individual word-processed file, ensuring confidentiality and anonymity while allowing the researcher to easily identify and categorize essential information.
Note down non-verbal communication of the interviewee :
When conducting interviews or observations, it's important to provide insights about the individuals involved and the environment in which the interaction took place Additionally, any events or circumstances during the interview or observation that could influence the data collected should be noted.
The researcher should make sure that the transcription is accurate by correcting for errors in the transcribing process.
Summarizing involves condensing lengthy statements into concise phrases that capture the essence of the original content This process allows researchers to identify and articulate the main themes arising from interviews or observations, facilitating the recognition of relationships between these themes Once key points are summarized, they can be appended to the written notes or transcripts for future reference, enhancing the overall understanding of the research context.
We opted for semi-structured interviews to allow interviewees the freedom to explore narrative tangents and express their internal narratives fully Consequently, thematic and narrative analysis are the most appropriate techniques for analyzing the data gathered.
In evaluating job quality through in-depth interviews, we employ thematic analysis to inductively develop codes and themes from the data This refined data enables comparisons between traditional jobs and foreign gig work quality, highlighting differences in gig work quality in Vietnam Additionally, we incorporate narrative analysis to leverage the data in real-world contexts, allowing for the adaptation of newly emerging ideas and patterns Our analysis focuses on detailed descriptions of individuals' experiences, feelings, and perceptions, providing researchers with realistic and applicable insights.
Adapting Braun and Clarke’s reflexive approach to thematic analysis, the six-phase process are as follow.
Phase 1: Becoming familiar with the data
Researchers engage in a thorough examination of their data by repeatedly reviewing individual data items alongside the overall context, allowing them to identify key patterns This process enables them to establish preliminary foundation codes, which serve as the basis for further analysis.
This phase focuses on creating concise labels or codes that highlight key characteristics of the data pertinent to the research question It entails coding the complete dataset through multiple rounds, followed by the organization of all codes and relevant data extracts for subsequent analysis stages.
Example: Two participants from ride-sharing platforms answered the question “Have you faced any difficulties in accessing benefits or protections typically associated with traditional employment?” as follow:
Participant A shared their experience of previously running solely for Be due to its attractive bonus policies, which allowed them to achieve all bonus milestones and receive annual health insurance However, they noted that since the onset of Covid, it has become increasingly challenging, leading to a significant decrease in the number of rides As a result, they have decided to install both Grab and Be to adapt to the changing circumstances.
Despite returning to pre-Covid income levels, I am missing out on numerous trips and rewards, as achieving milestones on both apps has become increasingly difficult Additionally, I no longer have access to health insurance plans.
Participant B expresses concern that the current discount rate is excessively high and unjustified, as it results in earning only 65-70% of the actual income per ride, leading to a significant loss of around 50% This loss accounts for approximately 33-35% of costs related to car depreciation, fuel, and maintenance They highlight the disparity in pricing for health and risk services, which are sold at low rates, while discounts are limited to just 25% for software design costs Participant B points out that drivers bear all additional costs, including taxes and fees, without support They emphasize the financial strain on those who have taken out bank loans for vehicles, especially post-Covid, leading to difficulties in maintaining operations Many drivers struggle with high interest rates, resulting in the forced sale of vehicles at low prices, with some unable to sell at all, making the situation increasingly challenging Overall, they argue that the discount structure is unsustainable and the income generated is insufficient.
Researchers can generate codes such as:
“Previously, I only ran for Be”
“ I installed both Grab and Be so that I don't miss many trips” (since Covid)
“But now it's too difficult, especially since Covid, so the number of rides has decreased a lot”
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
R ESEARCH E THICS
This research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys and statistical analysis The section highlights the ethical considerations and measures implemented to safeguard the rights and well-being of participants throughout the study.
Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection, ensuring they understood the study's purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits Participation was voluntary, and participants were assured they could withdraw at any time without any negative repercussions.
To maintain participant confidentiality and anonymity, strict measures were enforced throughout the research process All collected data were handled with the highest level of confidentiality, and participant identities were safeguarded using unique identification codes Access to the raw data was restricted to authorized research team members, with the information securely stored in password-protected systems.
Regarding data protection and storage:
The research team followed strict data protection regulations, ensuring that all data was securely stored on protected servers accessible only to authorized members They implemented robust measures to prevent data loss, unauthorized access, and confidentiality breaches Data was retained for the required duration and was securely destroyed after the appropriate retention period.
This study highlights the power dynamics and vulnerabilities faced by gig workers, emphasizing the importance of ethical guidelines to ensure their fair treatment and dignity To prevent any potential harm, the research team implemented measures to safeguard participants' well-being and remained attentive to any concerns that emerged during the study.
Primary data was obtained through semi-structured interviews, enabling a deep understanding of the experiences and perspectives of gig workers in Vietnam While a set of predetermined questions guided the interviews, flexibility was maintained through follow-up questions tailored to the interviewees' responses This semi-structured approach ensured consistent data collection while allowing for in-depth exploration Additionally, secondary data was sourced from government publications, websites, books, journal articles, and academic papers to enhance the primary data findings This combined methodology effectively addressed time and financial constraints while fulfilling the research objectives.
P OTENTIAL C HALLENGES AND L IMITATIONS
Given the novelty of this topic, prior research in Vietnam is scarce, resulting in limited information and comparative findings from earlier studies Consequently, researchers will need to explore a wide range of international papers to gather relevant insights.
The absence of prior research evidence necessitates the generation and analysis of substantial primary data, which can be both costly and time-consuming Given that much of this data is gathered through qualitative methods, responses from interviewees may differ significantly due to their beliefs, religions, and personal preferences This qualitative data often contains noise and irrelevant information, requiring preprocessing to achieve a standardized format Additionally, the collected data must be classified into distinct categories While employing AI or specialized software can expedite the refinement of raw data, a considerable amount of manual work remains essential to ensure accuracy and consistency.
Due to the need to examine global papers for information, researchers will have to go through a great number of papers and journals.
Due to the scarcity of secondary data, it is crucial to allocate substantial resources and time to conduct interviews and surveys for gathering primary data Securing funding for the study could effectively address this challenge.
Qualitative data analysis is a complex process Therefore, it requires attention to detail and a deep understanding of the narratives.
Risks of low validation and reliability:
The quality of work is significantly influenced by the biases of employees This study primarily references foreign academic papers and journals, which may pose a risk of invalidity due to cultural and belief differences between Vietnam and other regions Researchers must be cautious not to blindly adopt foreign methodologies without considering the local context Additionally, it is crucial to recognize any biases that researchers and interviewers may have.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
This research explores the influence of the gig economy on work quality in Vietnam, specifically focusing on Hanoi By analyzing the economic and social factors affecting gig workers' job quality and their perceptions of their careers, the study aims to enhance the understanding of the gig economy's impact on Vietnam's labor market.
This research aims to provide valuable insights into the gig economy by evaluating work quality through various factors such as job satisfaction, income stability, work-life balance, working conditions, career prospects, and job security It will analyze the economic, social, and technological influences on work quality while assessing the impact of gig economy participation on multiple dimensions Furthermore, the study seeks to offer recommendations and strategies to improve work quality and tackle the challenges faced by gig workers.
This research aims to enhance the understanding of the gig economy in Vietnam, a region that has been underexplored in existing studies By providing empirical evidence, the findings will highlight the challenges and opportunities that gig workers encounter regarding work quality, thereby deepening insights into the gig economy's impact on the labor market Furthermore, the study will identify key factors influencing work quality, offering valuable information to policymakers, employers, and gig workers to facilitate informed decision-making.
This study's findings provide valuable insights for organizations, labor unions, and policymakers in Vietnam to develop regulations that enhance fair labor practices and social protection for gig workers Employers and gig platforms can leverage these insights to improve work quality and conditions Additionally, the research contributes to public discourse on the gig economy, promoting a deeper understanding of its impact on the labor market in Vietnam.
The research centers on the gig economy in Vietnam, which may limit the applicability of its findings to other countries or contexts The reliance on self-reported data introduces potential biases, affecting the generalizability of results due to the unique characteristics of the sample population Additionally, measuring subjective constructs like work quality presents inherent complexities Nonetheless, the study will employ rigorous data collection methods and appropriate statistical analyses to mitigate these limitations.
The research on the gig economy's impact on work quality in Vietnam aims to uncover key factors affecting work quality, gig workers' well-being, income levels, and variations across platforms The findings are expected to enhance the existing literature on the gig economy, provide valuable insights for policymakers and employers, and foster a deeper understanding of work quality within the Vietnamese context.
TIMESCALE AND BUDGET
T IMESCALE
A well-defined timescale is essential for successful research project management, enabling researchers to track progress, pinpoint potential obstacles, and implement adjustments as needed Additionally, timescales highlight the project's feasibility and establish realistic deadlines for each phase, ensuring a structured approach to achieving research goals.
Our research project focuses on the gig economy's impact on work quality in Vietnam, and we will utilize a timeline to summarize key tasks outlined in the Methodology section To ensure timely completion of each phase and maintain research progress, we will present this timeline using Gantt Charts, a method introduced by H.L Gantt in 1910, which will serve as a visual aid for our timeframe analysis.
The research project investigating the effects of the gig economy on work quality in Vietnam spanned approximately eight months and was structured into three primary phases The project timeline, detailed below, will be illustrated using Gantt Charts to visually represent the tasks and their durations.
For further insights, please visit the Canva link provided: [Canva Design](https://www.canva.com/design/DAFmLvbFfBs/YUrrS7Hv5lYsODm_EhWImw/edit?utm_contentmLvbFfBs&utm_campaignignshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton) If you encounter issues, ensure that cookies are enabled and check your internet connection, as we are currently verifying it If the problem persists, there may be an issue with Canva's service.
- Select team members responsible for proposing the research (1 week): Important for assigning roles and responsibilities to ensure the smooth execution of the project.
- Delegate tasks to each member (1 week): Essential for distributing workload and maximizing efficiency within the team.
- Conduct a thorough literature review (2 weeks): Crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of existing knowledge and identify research gaps.
- Define and refine research questions and objectives (1 week): Forms the foundation of the study, guiding the research focus and providing clarity.
- Develop a detailed research plan (2 weeks): Helps in organizing tasks, setting timelines, and allocating resources effectively.
- Design or adapt research instruments (3 weeks): Critical for collecting reliable and relevant data to address the research questions.
- Pre-test the research instruments (3 weeks): Ensures that the instruments are clear, valid, and reliable before implementation.
- Seek ethical approvals and guidance (1 week): Essential to adhere to ethical standards and protect the rights of participants.
- Incorporate feedback and finalize the research proposal (1 week): Improves the quality and feasibility of the study before implementation.
- Review the research proposal and familiarize the team with the topic (1 week):
Enable the team to understand the scope and objectives of the research.
Delegate tasks for collecting primary and secondary data (1 week): Ensures efficient data collection and management within the team.
Create a shared folder for tasks and data storage (2 days): Facilitates collaboration and easy access to data for the entire team.
This article outlines a primary research approach that includes an online survey conducted over seven weeks to gather quantitative data from a large sample of gig workers, providing valuable insights into their experiences Additionally, in-depth interviews over the same period will capture qualitative data, offering personal perspectives and detailed accounts of the lives of gig workers.
Over a span of 16 weeks, the project involves several key phases: first, accessing and downloading relevant reports and datasets within 2 weeks to gather valuable contextual information from official sources This is followed by a comprehensive literature review over 3 weeks to examine existing research and understand the current state of knowledge on the topic In the next 4 weeks, key data points will be extracted from secondary sources to support and validate the findings of primary research A week will be dedicated to storing references, ensuring that the information gathered is reliable and accessible for future use Subsequently, the analysis of secondary data will take 5 weeks, providing a broader understanding of the gig economy in Vietnam and facilitating comparisons with primary research findings Finally, tracking the team's progress throughout the 16 weeks will ensure timely completion of all tasks.
Gather and analyze quantitative data (7 weeks): Enable numerical interpretation and identification of patterns or trends.
Gather and analyze qualitative data (7 weeks): Provide rich insights into the experiences and perceptions of gig workers.
Review and verify analysis (2 weeks): Ensure accuracy, consistency, and reliability of the findings.
Interpret findings and draw conclusions (1 week): Allow for meaningful insights and implications based on the analyzed data.
- Prepare a comprehensive research report (1 week): Present the study's methodology, findings, and recommendations to communicate the research outcomes effectively.
- Share the research report internally for review and feedback (2 weeks): Enhance the report's quality and validity through critical input from team members.
- Revise and finalize the research report (3 weeks): Incorporate suggested improvements and ensures a polished final document.
- Prepare presentations or summaries for conferences (2 weeks): Enable dissemination of research findings to a wider audience.
- Seek feedback and repairment (2 weeks): Enable to enhance the research with suggestions from advisors during the conference.
- Submit the research report to the university or relevant authorities (1 week): Comply with requirements and contributes to academic knowledge or policy-making processes.
B UDGET
Accurate estimation and budgeting of expenses for a research project are essential for effective financial planning and resource allocation This practice enables researchers to secure the necessary funding for their studies while reducing the risk of financial constraints For student research projects with limited resources, it is particularly important to identify strategies to minimize costs and optimize the use of available resources.
Access to relevant reports and datasets: Free or low-cost through academic databases and government websites.
Research instruments (questionnaires, surveys, interview guides): Utilize open-source templates or adapt existing instruments to reduce costs.
Transcription services: Consider using free or low-cost transcription software or distributing the workload within the team.
Data analysis software: Utilize freely available software like Microsoft Excel or open-source statistical software.
Offer non-monetary incentives such as certificates of participation or acknowledgment in the research report.
Seek collaboration with universities or organizations that may provide access to potential participants without requiring financial incentives.
Minimize travel expenses by conducting online surveys and interviews whenever possible.
Utilize video conferencing tools for virtual meetings and interviews to avoid travel costs.
Optimize local resources and facilities available within the university or research institution.
Prioritize digital dissemination of the research report through online platforms, institutional repositories, and social media channels to reduce printing and distribution costs.
Utilize university resources for printing limited copies for important stakeholders or conferences.
Explore potential funding opportunities through university grants, research scholarships, or student research funds.
Collaborate with industry partners or organizations interested in the gig economy for financial support or in-kind contributions.
Implementing cost-saving strategies allows the research project to reduce expenses and optimize the budget effectively Actively pursuing funding from diverse sources can enhance financial backing and resources Engaging potential investors or funding organizations early in the project is crucial, as clearly articulating the research's significance and potential impact can significantly improve the likelihood of obtaining investment or sponsorship.
1 Adams, S (2022) The significance of research objectives in meaningful investigation. Journal of Research Methodology, 15(3), 78-92.
2 Atmore, E C (2017) Killing the goose that laid the golden egg: Outdated employment laws are destroying the gig economy Minn L Rev., 102, 887.
3 Berg, Janine (2016) Income security in the on-demand economy: Findings and policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkers Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal
4 Buzan, T (2006) Mind Mapping: Unlocking Your Brain's Potential Penguin Books.
5 Collins, R (2021) Research objectives as a roadmap for meaningful inquiry In Research Methodologies in Social Sciences (pp 132-150) Publisher.
6 Cunningham-Parmeter, K (2016) From Amazon to Uber: Defining employment in the modern economy BUL Rev., 96, 1673.
7 Cunningham-Parmeter, K (2016) The gig economy & the future of employment and labor law 2015 Wis L Rev 1.
8 De Bono, E (1999) Six Thinking Hats Back Bay Books.
9 De Stefano, Valerio (2016) The Rise of the "Just-in-Time Workforce": On-Demand Work, Crowdwork, and Labor Protection in the "Gig Economy" Comparative labor law journal: a publication of the U.S National Branch of the International Society for Labor Law and Social Security [and] the Wharton School, and the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania
10 Delve | Qualitative Data Analysis Tips (2022) Thematic Analysis | Explanation and
Step by Step Example YouTube Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvMf1cbctYM
11 Ding Xiaodong (2018) New thinking on the platform revolution, gig economy and labor law (Chinese) Global Law Review, 4, 87-98.
12 Drahokoupil, Jan & Fabo, Brian (2016) The Platform Economy and the Disruption of the Employment Relationship DOI:10.2139/ssrn.2809517
13 Gamble, D (2021) Research questions as a compass in exploring the gig economy's effects on work quality In Gig Economy Side Hustle (pp 87-105) Publisher.
14 Glynn, I (2011) Tempers in the New Economy: Off-Duty, On-call, On-Site, and Online. Berkeley J Emp & Lab L., 32, 1.
15 Glynn, T P (2011) Taking the Employer out of Employment Law-Accountability for Wage and Hour Violations in an Age of Enterprise Disaggregation Emp Rts & Emp Pol'y J., 15, 201.
16 Humphrey, A S (2005) SWOT Analysis for Strategic Planning Business Horizons, 34(4), 61-68.
17 Irani, L.C., & Silberman, M.S (2013) Turkopticon: interrupting worker invisibility in amazon mechanical turk Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in
18 Johnson, M (2021) The role of well-defined research objectives in focused inquiry. Journal of Scholarly Research, 10(2), 45-60.
19 Katz, Lawrence & Krueger, Alan (2018) The Rise and Nature of Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States, 1995–2015 DOI:10.1177/0019793918820008
20 Kroszner, Randy and Putterman, Louis G (2015) The economic nature of the firm (Chinese) (Sun Jingwei, trans.) Shanghai: Truth & Wisdom Press, Shanghai People's Publishing House.
21 Lobel, O (2017) The gig economy & the future of employment and labor law USFL Rev., 51, 51.
22 Lott, J M (2015) Grading the gig economy: Employment and labor law in the new economy The George Washington Law Review, 84(6), 1550-1582.
23 Lott, Y (2015) Working-time flexibility and autonomy: A European perspective on time adequacy European Journal of Industrial Relations, 21(3), 259-274.
24 Marx, Karl (2013) Capital (Chinese)(He Xiaohe trans.).Chongqing: Chongqing Press.
25 Osborn, A F (1963) Applied Imagination: Principles and Procedures of Creative Problem-Solving Scribner.
26 Professor Virginia Braun (n.d.) Doing Reflexive TA Thematic analysis https://www.thematicanalysis.net/doing-reflexive-ta/
27 Rosenblat, Alex and Stark, Luke, Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers (July 30, 2016) International Journal Of Communication, 10,27 , Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract&86227
28 Smith, J (2020) The formulation of research questions in investigating the gig economy's impact on work quality Journal of Labor Economics, 25(2), 45-62.
29 Thomas, K (2018) Disrupting the gig economy: The growing use of independent contractors in the digital age Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law, 39(1), 1-40.
30 Torpey, E & Hogan, A (2016) Working in a Gig Economy Retrieved July 18, 2017, from United States Department of Labor Website: https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2016/article/what-is-the-gig-economy.htm
31 Virginia Braun & Victoria Clarke (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3:2, 77-101, DOI: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
32 Wood, Alex & Graham, Mark & Lehdonvirta, Vili & Hjorth, Isis (2018) Good Gig, Bad Big: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy Work, Employment and Society DOI:10.1177/0950017018785616
33 Wordsworth (2016) Mind Your Language: Gig Economy The Spectator, 7, 1-2. World Bank (2018) World Development Report 2019 (Research report).
34 Yang, H T., Liu, S H., & Huang, J C (2018) Understanding the factors influencing the intention to continue using gig economy platforms Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 1-8.51
35 Zheng, Q., & Yang, W (2020) The Characteristics of The Gig Economy Cambridge Open Engage doi:10.33774/coe-2020-ldcpg
PPNC trong Kinh tế và Kinh doanh
Chương 5 của PP NC trong KT & KD
Kinh tế và Kinh… None 25
NOTE PHƯƠNG PHÁP Nghiên CỨU Trong…
Kinh tế và Kinh… None 31
Kinh tế và Kinh… None 18
Kinh tế và Kinh… None20
Tiểu-luận-triết - Tiểu luận
Exercises Normal distribution xác suất thống kê None
Methodology KTEE206 phương pháp nghiên cứu… None 227