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[...]... Identity Module Satellite ISDN User Part Satellite Interactive Terminal Satellite- Keeping Window SatelLite Service Level Agreement Subscriber Line Interface Card Satellite based Master Antenna for TV distribution Small and Medium Enterprise Satellite Multi-Services Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Systems Network Architecture (IBM) SubNet Dependent Convergence Protocol Satellite NEtworK node computer Satellite. .. ACES, and INMARSAT 4 satellites The next step in bridging the gaps between fixed, mobile and broadcasting radiocommunications services concerns satellite multimedia broadcast to fixed and mobile users Satellite digital mobile broadcasting (SDMB) is based on hybrid integrated satellite terrestrial systems to serve small hand-held terminals with interactivity Configuration of a Satellite Communications System... stations to the satellites; — the downlinks from the satellites to the earth stations; — the intersatellite links, between the satellites Configuration of a Satellite Communications System 5 Uplinks and downlinks consist of radio frequency modulated carriers, while intersatellite links can be either radio frequency or optical Carriers are modulated by baseband signals conveying information for communications. .. (1958), the reflecting satellite ECHO (1960), store-and-forward transmission by the COURIER satellite (1960), powered relay satellites (TELSTAR and RELAY in 1962) and the first geostationary satellite SYNCOM (1963) In 1965, the first commercial geostationary satellite INTELSAT I (or Early Bird) inaugurated the long series of INTELSATs; in the same year, the first Soviet communications satellite of the MOLNYA... through intersatellite links (ISL) 313 314 7.5.1 Links between geostationary and low earth orbit satellites (GEO–LEO) 314 7.5.2 Links between geostationary satellites (GEO–GEO) 314 7.5.3 Links between low earth orbit satellites (LEO–LEO) 318 7.5.4 Conclusion 7.6 Satellite broadcast networks 319 319 7.6.1 Single uplink (one programme) per satellite channel 320 7.6.2 Several programmes per satellite channel... describes the characteristics of satellite communication systems It aims to satisfy the curiosity of an impatient reader and facilitate a deeper understanding by directing him or her to appropriate chapters without imposing the need to read the whole work from beginning to end 1.1 BIRTH OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Satellite communications are the outcome of research in the area of communications and space... transmission amplifiers Increased satellite capacity has led to a reduced cost per telephone channel In addition to the reduction in the cost of communication, the most outstanding feature is the variety of services offered by satellite communications systems Originally these were designed to carry communications from one point to another, as with cables, and the extended coverage of the satellite was used to... RELIABILITY OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS 13.1 Introduction of reliability 679 679 13.1.1 Failure rate 13.1.2 The probability of survival or reliability 680 13.1.3 Failure probability or unreliability 680 13.1.4 Mean time to failure (MTTF) 682 13.1.5 Mean satellite lifetime 682 13.1.6 Reliability during the wear-out period 682 13.2 Satellite system availability 679 683 13.2.1 No back-up satellite. .. References 7 SATELLITE NETWORKS 7.1 Network reference models and protocols 290 290 291 293 293 7.1.1 Layering principle 293 7.1.2 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model 294 7.1.3 IP reference model 7.2 Reference architecture for satellite networks 7.3 Basic characteristics of satellite networks 295 296 298 7.3.1 Satellite network topology 298 7.3.2 Types of link 300 7.3.3 Connectivity 7.4 Satellite. .. the link This is an important aspect of satellite communications as power impacts both satellite mass and earth station size, and bandwidth is constrained by regulations Moreover, a service provider who rents satellite transponder capacity from the satellite operator is charged according to the highest share of either power or bandwidth resource available from the satellite transponder The service provider’s . SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS Fifth Edition SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS Systems, Techniques and Technology Fifth Edition G erard Maral Ecole Nationale Sup erieure des T el ecommunications, Site. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Birth of satellite communications 1 1.2 Development of satellite communications 1 1.3 Configuration of a satellite communications system 3 1.3.1 Communications links 4 1.3.2. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Maral, G erard. [Syst emes de t el ecommunications par satellites. English] Satellite communications systems / G erard Maral, Michel Bousquet. — 5th ed. p. cm. Includes