Trang 1 NGUYEN CONG THUANMINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY --- Nguyen Cong Thuan COMPUTER SCIENCESTUDY AND DESIGN OF 8-PORT RECONFIGURABLE PHA
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NGUYEN CONG THUAN HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Nguyen Cong Thuan COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDY AND DESIGN OF 8-PORT RECONFIGURABLE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA USING PROGRAMABLE REFLECTION TYPE PHASE SHIFTER MASTER THESIS OF SCIENCE COMPUTER SCIENCE 2016A Hanoi – 2018 Tai ngay!!! Ban co the xoa dong chu nay!!! 17051113870891000000 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Nguyen Cong Thuan STUDY AND DESIGN OF 8-PORT RECONFIGURABLE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA USING PROGRAMMABLE REFLECTION TYPE PHASE SHIFTER Specialty: Computer Science International Research Institute MICA MASTER THESIS OF SCIENCE COMPUTER SCIENCE SUPERVISOR: Dr Nguyen Thanh Huong Hanoi – 2018 Declaration of Authorship I, NGUYEN Cong Thuan, declare that this thesis titled, “Study and design of 8-port reconfigurable phased array antenna using programmable reflection type phase shifter” and the work presented in it are my own I confirm that: This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this University Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other qualification at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work I have acknowledged all main sources of help Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself Signed: Date: i Abstract Indoor positioning systems based on radio wave have attracted a lot of research interest over the last decade One of methods, named Angle of Arrival, locating object based on the relative angle of object to the reference points, requires a design of directional antenna Recently, antenna designs for this method mainly focus on sectorized antennas, reconfigurable antennas and switched-beam array antenna with limited number of predefined beams, which lowers the accuracy of indoor positioning system From this situation, I present in this thesis a design of 8-port phased array antenna using reflection type phase shifter The input power is split to each antenna through 8-port Wilkinson power divider with insertion loss of about 11dB and isolation of about 20dB To extract more accurate position, the main beam direction of phased array antenna can be steered smoothly by a design of a continuous and full 360 o reflection type phase shifter with low insertion loss variation Microstrip patch antennas are used as elements in phased array antenna The steering of main beam from -45o to 45o with step 5o have been presented by radiation patterns of phased array antenna, measured in anechoic chamber The measured results show that the main beam direction is quite close the desired direction in simulation In most case, the side lobe level is less than main lobe about 10dB ii Acknowledgements It is an honor for me to be here to write thankful words to those who have been supporting, guiding and inspiriting me from the moment, when I started my work in International Research Institute MICA, until now, when I am writing my master thesis I owe my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Nguyen Thanh Huong Her expertise, understanding and generous guidance made it possible to work in a new topic for me She has made available her support in a number of ways to find out the solution to my works It is a pleasure to work with her Special thanks to Prof Eric Castelli, Dr Dao Trung Kien, Dr Nguyen Viet Tung and all of members in the Pervasive Space and Interaction Department for their guidance which help me a lot in how to study and to research in right way, and also the valuable advices for my works I would like to show my gratitude to Prof Vuong Tan Phu at University of Grenoble, France for his supporting His suggestions enable me to keep my thesis in the right direction Finally, this thesis would not have been possible if there were no encouragement from my family and friends Their words give me power in order to overcome all the embarrassment, discouragement and other difficulties Thanks for everything helping me to get this day Hanoi, 15/01/2018 Nguyen Cong Thuan iii Table of Contents Declaration of Authorship i Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Table of Contents iv List of Tables vii List of Figures viii List of Abbreviations x Chapter - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Application and Technical Area 1.2 Problem Statement and Technical Issue 1.3 Research Aim and Objective 1.4 Thesis Outline Chapter - LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Basics of Microwave Engineering 2.1.1 Transmission Line Impedance 2.1.2 Microstrip Discontinuity 2.1.3 Scattering Matrix 11 2.2 Fundamental Parameters of Antennas 12 2.2.1 Return Loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 12 2.2.2 Radiation Pattern 13 2.2.3 Polarization 15 2.3 Phased Array Antenna 16 iv 2.3.1 Array Geometry 18 2.3.2 Array Factor 20 2.3.3 Grating Lobe and Mutual Coupling 21 2.3.4 Feed Network 23 Chapter - DESIGN OF PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA 26 3.1 Structure 26 3.2 Power Divider 27 3.2.1 Requirement for Power Divider 27 3.2.2 Power Divider 28 3.3 Phase Shifter 31 3.3.1 Requirement for Phase Shifter 31 3.3.2 Phase Shifter Types 32 3.3.3 Reflection Type Phase Shifter 33 3.3.4 Design of Controller for Reflection Type Phase Shifter 44 3.4 Antenna Element 46 3.4.1 Requirement for Antenna Element 46 3.4.2 Microstrip Patch Antenna 47 Chapter - EXPERIMENTAL RESULT 49 4.1 Wilkinson Power Divider 49 4.2 Reflection Type Phase Shifter 53 4.3 Microstrip Patch Antenna 57 4.3.1 Return Loss and VSWR 57 4.3.2 Radiation Pattern 58 4.4 Phased Array Antenna 61 v Chapter - CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 67 5.1 Conclusions 67 5.2 Future Works 68 PUBLICATIONS 69 REFERENCES 70 Appendix A: Calibration Procedure 72 Appendix B: Antenna Radiation Pattern Measurement System 74 Appendix C: Main beam angle versus DC bias look up table 76 Appendix D: Dimension of parts in phased array antenna 77 vi List of Tables Table 4-1: Comparison of main beam angle and side lobe level in simulation and measurement 62 Table 4-2: Comparison with previous antenna design for indoor localization 63 vii List of Figures Figure 2-1: A transmission line terminated in a load impedance [6] Figure 2-2: Bend: (a) geometry; (b) equivalent circuit[7] Figure 2-3: Mitered Bends [8] Figure 2-4: Open-Ends[7] Figure 2-5: Gaps[7] Figure 2-6: Step in Width[7] 10 Figure 2-7: T-junction discontinuity compensation configuration[8] 10 Figure 2-8: Fields regions of an antenna 14 Figure 2-9: Radiation pattern of array antenna: (a) in linear scale; (b) in dB 15 Figure 2-10: PLF according to different transmitter/receiver polarizations 16 Figure 2-11: Phased array antenna geometry: (a) Linear, (b) Planar, (c) Circular, (d) Spherical 18 Figure 2-12: Total field patterns of two dipole antenna array with element spacing λ/4 and different phase excitation β = -90 o [10] 21 Figure 2-13: Series Feed Network for Phased Array Antenna 24 Figure 2-14: Parallel Feed Network for Phased Array Antenna 24 Figure 2-15: 4×4 Butler matrix network 25 Figure 3-1: Directivity as a function of the element spacing of linear array antenna [11] 27 Figure 3-2: T-junction divider: (a) Lossless; (b) Resistive 29 Figure 3-3: The Wilkinson power divider: (a) Microstrip line form, (b) Equivalent Transmission Line Circuit 30 Figure 3-4: An N-way, equal-split Wilkinson power divider[6] 30 Figure 3-5: An 8-way equal-split Wilkinson power divider 31 Figure 3-6: Types of phase shifter: (a) Switched Line; (b) Switched Network; 32 Figure 3-7: 3dB Hybrid Coupler 34 Figure 3-8: Structure of RTPS 35 Figure 3-9: Schematic Diagram of RTPS 37 Figure 3-10: Reflection Load of RTPS 38 d S 21 41 dVR d S 21 survey: (a) Phase shift, (b) 42 dV R Figure 3-11: The results of the first Z T1 survey: (a) Phase Shift, (b) Figure 3-12: The results of the second Z T1 Figure 3-13: Impedance of DC Block VJ0603D8R2CXP 43 Figure 3-14: Block Diagram of controller 46 Figure 4-1: The 2-way WPD in theory: (a) Schematic Circuit; (b) Forward gains S 21, S31 49 viii