Võ Linh Trúc – 21DH122022 EXERCISES FOR MONOPOLY MONOPOLISTIC OLGOPOLY 1 In Walnut Creek, California, there are three very popular supermarkets Safeway, Whole Foods, and Lunardi''''s While Safeway remain[.]
Võ Linh Trúc – 21DH122022 EXERCISES FOR MONOPOLY-MONOPOLISTIC-OLGOPOLY In Walnut Creek, California, there are three very popular supermarkets: Safeway, Whole Foods, and Lunardi's While Safeway remains open twenty-four hours a day, Whole Foods and Lunardi's close at pm Which of the following statements is true? A) Safeway is a monopoly all day because it produces a service that has no close substitutes B) Safeway has a monopoly at midnight but not during the day C) Safeway can ignore the pricing decisions of the other two supermarkets D) Safeway probably has a higher markup to compensate for its higher cost of production A monopoly is characterized by all of the following except A) there are only a few sellers, each selling a unique product B) entry barriers are high C) there are no close substitutes to the firm's product D) the firm has market power Few firms in the United States are monopolies because A) few firms experience economies of scale B) monopolies are technically illegal in the United States C) when a firm earns profits, other firms will enter its market D) most firms produce products for which there are no close substitutes To maintain a monopoly, a firm must have A) a perfectly inelastic demand B) an insurmountable barrier to entry C) marginal revenue equal to demand D) few competitors A local electricity-generating company has a monopoly that is protected by an entry barrier that takes the form of A) control of a key raw material B) network externalities C) economies of scale D) a perfectly inelastic demand curve Governments grant patents to encourage A) research and development on new products B) competition C) low prices D) firms to form public enterprises In a natural monopoly, throughout the range of market demand, A) the marginal cost is above average total cost and pulls average total cost upward B) average total cost is above the marginal cost and pulls the marginal cost upward C) the marginal cost is below average total cost and pulls average total cost downward D) there are diseconomies of scale Which one of the following is not a possible barrier to entry high enough to keep competing firms out of a monopoly industry? A) The monopoly firm has control of a key resource necessary to produce a good B) There are important network externalities in supplying a good or service C) large economies of scale that result in a natural monopoly D) a high concentration ratio When the government makes a firm the exclusive legal provider of a good or service, it grants the firm A) a copyright B) a network externality C) a quota D) a public franchise 10 A patent A) grants the creator of a book, film, or piece of music the exclusive right to use the creation for 20 years B) grants the creator of a book, film, or piece of music the exclusive right to use the creation during the creator's lifetime C) gives a firm the exclusive right to a new product for 20 years from the date the patent application is filed with the government D) gives a firm the exclusive right to a new product during the product inventor's lifetime 11 To be a natural monopoly, a firm must A) control a key resource input B) have economies of scale that are so large that it can supply the entire market at a lower cost than two or more firms C) have significant network externalities D) be in a government-regulated market 12 The demand curve for a monopoly's product is A) the market demand for the product B) more elastic than the market demand for the product C) more inelastic than the market demand for the product D) undefined 13 A monopolist's profit-maximizing price and output correspond to the point on a graph A) where average total cost is minimized B) where total costs are the smallest relative to price C) where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charging the price on the market demand curve for that output D) where price is as high as possible 14 Because a monopoly's demand curve is the same as the market demand curve for its product, A) the monopoly's marginal revenue equals its price B) the monopoly is a price taker C) the monopoly must lower its price to sell more of its product D) the monopoly's average total cost always falls as it increases its output 15 If a theatre company expects $250,000 in ticket revenue from five performances and $288,000 in ticket revenue if it adds a sixth performance, the A) marginal revenue of the sixth performance is $288,000 B) marginal revenue of the sixth performance is $38,000 C) cost of staging the sixth performance is probably higher than the cost of staging the previous five D) company will be making a loss on the sixth performance because its ticket sales will be less than the average revenue received from the previous five 16 If a monopolist's marginal revenue is $25 a unit and its marginal cost is $25, then A) to maximize profit the firm should increase output B) to maximize profit the firm should decrease output C) to maximize profit the firm should continue to produce the output it is producing D) Not enough information is given to say what the firm should to maximize profit Figure 15-2 Figure 15-2 above shows the demand and cost curves facing a monopolist 17 Refer to Figure 15-2 To maximize profit, the firm will produce at output level A) Q1 B) Q2 C) Q3 D) Q4 18 Refer to Figure 15-2 The firm's profit-maximizing price is A) P1 B) P2 C) P3 D) P4 19 Refer to Figure 15-2 If the firm's average total cost curve is ATC1, the firm will A) suffer a loss B) break even C) make a profit D) face competition 20 Refer to Figure 15-2 If the firm's average total cost curve is ATC2, the firm will A) suffer a loss B) break even C) make a profit D) face competition 21 Refer to Figure 15-2 If the firm's average total cost curve is ATC3, the firm will A) suffer a loss B) break even C) make a profit D) face competition Table 15-1 Price per Unit $85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Quantity Demanded (units) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total Cost of Production (dollars) $530 540 550 560 575 595 625 A monopoly producer of foreign language translation software faces a demand and cost structure as given in Table 15-1 22 Refer to Table 15-1 What is the marginal revenue from the sale of the 12th unit? A) $75 B) $50 C) $20 D) -$5 23 Refer to Table 15-1 What is the firm's profit-maximizing output and what is the price charged to sell this output? A) P = $85; Q = 10 B) P = $80; Q = 11 C) P = $70; Q = 13 D) P = $65; Q = 14 24 Refer to Table 15-1 When producing the profit-maximizing output, what is the amount of the firm's profit? A) $335 B) $350 C) $880 D) $910 Figure 15-3 Figure 15-3 above shows the demand and cost curves facing a monopolist 25 Refer to Figure 15-3 Suppose the monopolist represented in the diagram above produces positive output What is the profit-maximizing/loss-minimizing output level? A) 630 units B) 800 units C) 850 units D) 880 units 26 Refer to Figure 15-3 Suppose the monopolist represented in the diagram above produces positive output What is the price charged at the profit-maximizing/loss-minimizing output level? A) $38 B) $54 C) $68 D) $75 27 Refer to Figure 15-3 Suppose the monopolist represented in the diagram above produces positive output What is the profit/loss per unit? A) loss of $7 per unit B) profit of $30 per unit C) loss of $21 per unit D) profit of $14 per unit Figure 15-10 28 Refer to Figure 15-10 What is the area that represents consumer surplus under a monopoly? A) the triangle P0P1F B) the triangle P0P2E C) the area P1P2EF D) the rectangle P1P3HF 29 Refer to Figure 15-10 Compared to a perfectly competitive market, consumer surplus is lower in a monopoly by an amount equal to the A) area FHE B) area FGE C) area P1P2EF D) area P1P2GF 30 Refer to Figure 15-10 The deadweight loss due to a monopoly is represented by the area A) FHE B) FGE C) GEH D) FQ1Q2E Figure 15-7 Refer to Figure 15-7 Use the figure above to answer the following questions a What is the profit-maximizing quantity and what price will the monopolist charge? b What is the total revenue at the profit-maximizing output level? c What is the total cost at the profit-maximizing output level? d What is the profit? e What is the profit per unit (average profit) at the profit-maximizing output level? f If this industry was organized as a perfectly competitive industry, what would be the profitmaximizing price and quantity? a/ Profit maximizing output= 50 units and Price = 32 Profits are maximized at the point where Marginal revenue (MR) equals Marginal cost (MC) This happens in the graph at output = 50 b/ At output= 50, Average Revenue/Price=32 We have: Total Revenue/output produced = Average Revenue Total revenue = 32 x 50 = 1600 c/ At output = 50, Average total cost is equal to 20 We have: Average total cost = Total cost/output produced Total Cost = 20*50 = 1000 d/ Profits = Total Revenue - Total Cost Profits = 1600 - 1000 = 600 e/ Average Profit = Total Profit/output produced Average Profit = 600/50 =12 f/ In perfect competition, firm charges price (AR) equal to Marginal Cost In the diagram it happens at output = 80 Equilibrium quantity = 80 and Average Revenue/Price = 22 CHAPTER: MONOPOLISTIC A major difference between monopolistic competition and perfect competition is A) the number of sellers in the markets B) the degree by which the market demand curves slope downwards C) that products are not standardized in monopolistic competition unlike in perfect competition D) the barriers to entry in the two markets Which of the following is true for a firm with a downward-sloping demand curve for its product? A) Price, average revenue, and marginal revenue are all equal B) Price, average revenue, and marginal revenue are all different C) Price equals average revenue but is greater than marginal revenue D) Price equals average revenue but is less than marginal revenue A monopolistically competitive firm will A) charge the same price as its competitors B) always produce at the minimum efficient scale of production C) have some control over its price because its product is differentiated D) produce an output level that is productively and allocatively efficient When a monopolistically competitive firm cuts its price to increase its sales, it experiences a gain in revenue due to the A) substitution effect B) income effect C) price effect D) output effect When a monopolistically competitive firm cuts its price to increase its sales, it experiences a loss in revenue due to the A) substitution effect B) income effect C) price effect D) output effect Which of the following is not a characteristic of monopolistic competition? A) There are many buyers and sellers B) There are low barriers to entry C) Average revenue is equal to price D) The products sold by all firms are identical In San Francisco there are many restaurants that specialize in a wide variety of cuisines Patronage at these restaurants is influenced by factors such as tastes, price, and location This market is A) perfectly competitive B) monopolistically competitive C) oligopolistic D) monopolistic Figure 13-3 Refer to Figure 13-3 The marginal revenue from one additional unit sold is the sum of the gain in revenue from selling the additional unit and the loss in revenue from having to charge a lower price to sell the additional unit Based on the diagram in the figure, A) X represents the gain (price effect) and Y the loss (output effect) B) X + Z represents the loss (output effect) and Y the gain (price effect) C) Y represents the gain (output effect) and X the loss (price effect) D) X represents the loss (price effect) and Y + Z the gain (output effect) Refer to Figure 13-3 What is the marginal revenue of the sixth unit of output? A) $4 B) $5 C) $9 D) $54 10 For the monopolistically competitive firm, A) Price (P) = Marginal Revenue (MR) = Average Revenue (AR) B) P = MR > AR C) P = AR > MR D) P > MR = AR 11 The Jeans Store sells pairs of jeans per day when it charges $100 per pair It sells pairs of jeans per day at a price of $90 per pair The marginal revenue of the eighth pair of jeans is A) $20 B) $90 C) $100 D) $700 12 Which of the following describes a difference between the marginal revenue and demand curves of a perfectly competitive firm and a monopolistically competitive firm? A) The perfectly competitive firm's marginal revenue and demand curves are the same; the marginal revenue curve of a monopolistically competitive firm lies above its demand curve B) The perfectly competitive firm's marginal revenue and demand curves are the same; the marginal revenue curve of a monopolistically competitive firm lies below its demand curve C) The monopolistically competitive firm's marginal revenue and demand curves are the same; the marginal revenue curve of a perfectly competitive firm lies below its demand curve D) The marginal revenue curve of a monopolistically competitive firm lies below its demand curve; the marginal revenue curve of a perfectly competitive firm lies above its demand curve 13 A monopolistically competitive firm maximizes profit where A) price = marginal revenue B) price > marginal cost C) marginal revenue > average revenue D) total revenue > marginal cost 14 Unlike a perfectly competitive firm, for a monopolistically competitive firm, A) price ≠ marginal cost for all output levels B) price ≠ marginal revenue for all output levels C) price ≠ average revenue for all output levels D) marginal revenue = marginal cost at the profit-maximizing output Table 13-2 Quantity (cases) Price (dollars) $75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 Total Revenue (dollars) $75 140 195 240 275 300 315 320 315 Total Cost (dollars) $60 85 105 115 130 155 190 230 280 Eco Energy is a monopolistically competitive producer of a sports beverage called Power On Table 13-2 shows the firm's demand and cost schedules 15 Refer to Table 13-2 What is the output (Q) that maximizes profit and what is the price (P) charged? A) P = $55; Q = cases B) P = $50; Q = cases C) P = $45; Q = cases D) P = $40; Q = cases 16 Refer to Table 13-2 What is Eco Energy's profit? A) $125 B) $140 C) $145 D) $150 17 Refer to Table 13-2 How much additional profit will be made if the firm chooses to produce and sell cases instead of cases? A) $275 B) $145 C) $35 D) $20 Figure 13-4 Figure 13-4 shows short-run cost and demand curves for a monopolistically competitive firm in the market for designer watches 18 Refer to Figure 13-4 If the firm represented in the diagram is currently producing and selling Qa units, what is the price charged? A) P0 B) P1 C) P2 D) P3 19 Refer to Figure 13-4 What is the area that represents the total revenue made by the firm? A) 0P0aQa B) 0P1bQa C) 0P2cQa D) 0P3dQa 20 Refer to Figure 13-4 What is the area that represents the total variable cost of production? P aQ A) 0 a B) 0P1bQa C) P0abP1 D) P1bdP3 21 Refer to Figure 13-4 What is the area that represents the total fixed cost of production? A) 0P1aQa B) P0adP3 C) P1bdP3 D) That information cannot be determined from the graph 22 Refer to Figure 13-4 What is the area that represents the loss incurred by the firm? A) the area P0adP3 B) the area P1bcP2 C) the area P0acP2 D) the area P2cdP3 23 Refer to Figure 13-4 Should the firm represented in the diagram continue to stay in business despite its losses? A) No, it should shut down B) Yes, its total revenue covers its variable cost C) No, it is not able to cover its fixed cost D) Yes, it should increase its revenue by raising its price 24 A monopolistically competitive firm maximizes profit in the short run by producing where A) price is less than marginal cost B) price is less than marginal revenue C) price is less than average revenue D) price is greater than marginal cost 25 A monopolistically competitive firm is producing an output level where marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost What should this firm to increase its profit or reduce its losses? A) The firm should raise its price B) The firm should decrease its fixed costs C) The firm should increase its implicit costs D) The firm should lower its price 26 Suppose a monopolistically competitive firm's output where marginal revenue equals marginal cost is 66 units and the price corresponding to this quantity is $18 If the average total cost at this output is $16.55, then its total profit is A) $1,188 B) $1,092.30 C) $95.70 D) $1.45 Figure 13-8 Figure 13-8 shows cost and demand curves for a monopolistically competitive producer of iced tea 27 Refer to Figure 13-8 What is the profit-maximizing output level? A) 22 cases B) 24 cases C) 30 cases D) 38 cases 28 Refer to Figure 13-8 What is the firm's profit-maximizing price? A) $12 B) $13 C) $14 D) $16 29 Refer to Figure 13-8 At the profit-maximizing output level the firm will A) earn a profit of $176 B) break even C) earn a profit of $88 D) earn a profit of $60 30 Refer to Figure 13-8 Based on the diagram, one can conclude that A) some existing firms will exit the market B) new firms will enter the market C) the industry is in long-run equilibrium D) firms achieve productive efficiency