skkn mới nhất teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using 4 criteria instructed by british council

Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council I INTRODUCTION REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC In the integration era, English has become an indispensable part of life and work as well Therefore, the importance of studying English is undeniable There are various reasons why a student needs to study this language However, over many researched practices, most students want to learn English to be able to speak, not to write Nevertheless, learning writing skill is an important aspect of learning English and improving writing skills of high school students is extremely crucial because being able to write a paragraph effectively provides them with high score in writing section which is one of the most important parts in high school graduation examination Therefore, teaching them how to write a good paragraph accelerates their English studies for the exam, and they are more likely to get higher scores as well Besides, some examinations taken by education and training departments for English talented students also require some extents of being fluent in writing Having good writing skills helps those pupils to be able to write effectively in a specific time limit Another important reason is that in the far future when young students become potential candidates in job market, employers definitely need them be able to write an English document such as sending an email to foreign partners Such highly competitive markets force graduates to have high level of English competence to communicate efficiently with foreigners whilst working The last but not least is that improving writing skills is very important for students who want to study aboard According to IIE (International Institute education) in 2015, the number of Vietnamese student coming to the United States increased significantly to about 20,000 students, a rise of about 12% in comparison with the last year, 2014 [1].This means, the demand to study abroad in such educationally potential markets such as United States or United Kingdom However, such English native countries like those have accepted IELTs results which demonstrates the learners’ English ability I have been teaching English at Bim Son High School for more than ten years Through teaching experience, I realize that many students face up with a number of challenging factors despite full guiding steps for writing, and most of them are unable to write a paragraph effectively They have responded in a negative attitude towards writing, and many of them have said to their teacher that they would bypass the skills in almost examinations As a teacher of English, I have been trying hard to an effective way to tackle it For the apparent reasons expressed above, I decided to choose ‘Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council’ as a topic for my study in high school program Trịnh Kim Đào Bim Son High School download by : skknchat@gmail.com Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council Trịnh Kim Đào Bim Son High School download by : skknchat@gmail.com skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council II CONTENT PART 1: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 What are meant by the criteria of British Council British Council has extremely clear instruction by which a piece of writing can be evaluated correctly Particularly, British Council has been the organization to hold IELTS test which represents for International English Language Test System [2] Those criteria are ‘Task Achievement’; ‘Coherence and Cohesion’; ‘Lexical Resource’; ‘Grammatical Range and Accuracy’ There are over 40 countries around the world where IELTS test is received an official approval as an English standard for people who want to study or work in English native countries These criteria are used to evaluate IELTS test takers’ performances in two tasks In the writing task 2, candidates need to write at least 250 words about a specific topic which might be an argumentative or discursive Although in the real IELTS test, all candidates must write a 250-word essay, the criteria used to evaluate the quality of an essay are definitely the same to that for a paragraph Using these criteria to apply for Vietnamese English national high school graduation examination not only helps teacher to assess exam takers’ competency but also supports pupils to study more effectively According to British Council, all criteria are meant as follow: [3] Task Achievement: this is the criterion used to evaluate how well a writing respond to the task This criterion also includes how sufficient the length of a writing to the requirement Generally speaking, the length of a writing task in IELTS for an essay is at least 250 words Therefore, the score of a candidate will increase if she or he: + Pay attention to answer ALL issues in the task question + Write about the issues rather than just the general topic + Answer the question with relevant main points + Plan the supporting points so they not go off the topic + Write over 250 words for an essay Coherence and Cohesion: This criterion contains of two smaller criteria which are coherence and cohesion The coherence evaluates how the paragraph links with the topic That means all the sentences and words are required to be topic-related However, cohesion needs a candidate to write sentences and ideas very logically By following the cohesion criterion, all sentences need to be connected together and be supportive each other to make high understanding for readers Therefore, the score for this criterion will increase if a candidate could: Trịnh Kim Đào Bim Son High School download by : skknchat@gmail.com skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council + Have appropriate structure: In IELTS tests, whole essay should be explained into to small paragraph However, applying this into the Vietnamese national high school graduation examination means that a paragraph should be presented appropriately by starting a topic sentence to fold the whole meaning of paragraph about what the candidate is going to write This sentence should be followed by supporting sentences, and the paragraphs should end with a concluding sentence + Organizing ideas logically: for readers to easily understand + Use a range of linking words to connect sentences ideas + Avoid errors in linking words  Lexical Resource: This is criterion used to assess the ability of using wide range of vocabulary Candidate is required to not only use less common and topicrelated words (at academic and formal level) in correct contexts but also use many synonyms to demonstrate the paraphrasing ability Therefore, the score for this criterion will increase if a candidate could: + Pay attention to collocations (which verb matches which nouns) + Paraphrase carefully to avoid errors + Use a range of words appropriate for the topic + Spell words correctly and avoid making errors + Avoid using informal and spoken language Grammatical Range and Accuracy: the ability of use various complex grammar and structures of candidates The more complicated but accurate structure a candidate can use, the higher score she or he can get Therefore, the score for this criterion will increase if a candidate could: + Use different grammar tenses (conditionals, perfect tenses, passive voice, past tenses, future tenses, etc.) + Pay attention to word order in the sentences correctly + Use a range of sentence structures + Use the correct punctuation (full stops and commas) + Avoid errors in grammar (errors will lower the score – see the descriptor below) + Correct using of articles, plural nouns, uncountable nouns and so on + Using complex sentences such as ‘while’, ‘because’, ‘although’, and so on Trịnh Kim Đào Bim Son High School download by : skknchat@gmail.com 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skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council IELTS band writing descriptors [4] Band Task Achievement Coherence and Cohesion - fully addresses all parts of the task Grammatical Range and accuracy - skillfully manages paragraphing - uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features; rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’ - uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy; rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’ - sufficiently addresses all parts of the task - sequences information and ideas - uses a wide range of vocabulary - uses a wide range of structures - presents a well-developed response to the question with relevant, extended and supported ideas - logically - fluently and flexibly to convey precise meanings - the majority of sentences are error-free - skillfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocation - makes only very occasional errors or inappropriateness - presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas - uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention Lexical Resource - manages all aspects of cohesion well - uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately - produces rare errors in spelling and/or word formation - addresses all parts of the task - presents a clear position throughout the response Trịnh Kim Đào - logically organizes information and ideas; there is clear progression - uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision Bim Son High School download by : skknchat@gmail.com - uses a variety of complex structures - produces frequent skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council - presents, extends and supports main ideas, but there may be a tendency to over generalize and/or supporting ideas may lack focus throughout - uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use - presents a clear central topic within each paragraph - addresses all parts of the task although some parts may be more fully covered than others - presents a relevant position although the conclusions may become unclear or repetitive - presents relevant main ideas but some may be inadequately developed/unclear - arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall progression - uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical - uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation error-free sentences - uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task - uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms - has good control of grammar and punctuation - may produce occasional but may make a few errors in word choice, spelling errors and/or word formation - attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy - makes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they not impede communication - makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication - may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately - uses paragraphing, but not always logically - addresses the task only partially; - presents information - uses a limited range of the format may be inappropriate in with some organization but vocabulary, but this is Trịnh Kim Đào Bim Son High School download by : skknchat@gmail.com - uses only a limited range of structures skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council requirements Describe a special person you met Past tenses; relative clause; using many adjectives to talk about a person’s characteristics Describe a place you want to visit Present simple tense; relative clause; linking words; adjectives to describe a place Describe an object you want to buy if you have money Conditional sentences; future tenses; complex sentences; topic-related vocabulary Describe a building that you know Present tenses; comparative sentences; simple sentences Describe a person you admire Model verbs; would; wish; conditional sentences Describe an event you want to join Sequencing vocabulary(firstly, secondly, and so on); because; due to; passive voice Describe an animal you like Relative clause (which, whose, that); not only/but also; although; while; prepositions (on, at, in) Describe a special gift someone gave you Past tenses; relative clause (who, whose, when) By giving the above topics of description, students are required to use wide range of vocabulary and bear grammatical issues in their mind effectively Besides, after working in groups, students are also required to give comments and feedback to other groups so that all of them could not only understand how to describe something but understand topic-related grammar and structure PART 3: RESULTS AND DICUSSION After being shown the four criteria to mark writing score, over the past two years teaching students how to use those effectively, there has been a significant change in the way that pupils write, and their scores marked by the teacher in the class tests improved dramatically The teacher evaluates their writing performances by comparing some aspects before and after students are guided to that Besides, based on the actual results in the writing tests which have been taken within Bim Son High school over the period of more than 80 pupils that I have been teaching Trịnh Kim Đào Bim Son High School download by : skknchat@gmail.com 18 skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council One of the most noticeable results recorded is the percentage of pupils last year had score - Task response: % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 86 80 71 43 51 43 38 12 Off topic Ideas ability Before Word sufficience Supporting ideas After Figure Ability of finishing task response criterion Over the period of only about two months and a half coaching, students are able to deal with and understand the topic given Specifically, just only more than 10% of students are off-topic after being guided, in comparison with up to more than 40% of them used to be off-topic, a significant change of about 30% Statistics surveyed also reveals that the percentage of students who are able to write enough words, brainstorm to get ideas or explain them by supporting ideas increased dramatically to about 85%, 80% and 70% respectively - Coherence and cohesion: Figure Coherence and Cohesion analysis On this criterion, I have evaluated the improvement process of students through three other smaller criterion which are the ability of using linking words, the ability of explain ideas logically, and the ability of writing controlling phrases to link topic sentence with other sentences Overall, these skills are all significantly improved over the period of time However, while the abilities of using linking words and explaining coherently are the most dramatic changes, with the rise of Trịnh Kim Đào Bim Son High School download by : skknchat@gmail.com 19 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skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council about 40%, a smaller change was experienced in capability of using controlling phrases, just about 25% - Lexical range vocabulary: Over more than months coaching, using academic vocabulary is the skill which experienced the lowest improvement from students They find it harder to remember vocabulary at high level than understand the way to explain ideas more logically Therefore, just about 15% students who have improve their ability of using high academic and less common words, as shown on the bar chart However, because they are taught to deal with the topic efficiently, they are significantly less likely to use off-topic words, which means that they use more effective and topicrelated words respectively All the figures are shown on the below bar chart: Figure Vocabulary improvement - Grammatical structure: Although there are a number of grammars and structures used to evaluate the pupils’ writing performances I take into account of six most important issues Generally, the ability of using various kinds of sentences have been improved considerably Accordingly, the most significant changes go on ability of using different sentences, tenses and passive voice, up to 68%, 72% and 80% respectively The ability of using conditional sentence and comparative sentence has also changed significantly to 87% and 73% correspondingly Trịnh Kim Đào Bim Son High School download by : skknchat@gmail.com 20 skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council skkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.councilskkn.moi.nhat.teaching.high.school.students.to.write.a.paragraph.by.using.4.criteria.instructed.by.british.council Teaching high school students to write a paragraph by using criteria instructed by British Council Ability of writing (%) 6.7 6.2 17.6 28.3 41.2