giải pháp nâng cao hiệu quả kinh tế trong sử dụng đất nông nghiệp tại tỉnh yên bái giai đoạn 2012 – 2020 bản tóm tắt tiếng anh

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY ––––––––––––––– BUI NU HOANG ANH SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN YEN BAI PROVINCE DURING 2012 - 2020 Speciality: Agricultural Economics Code: 62 62 01 15 Ph.D THESIS SUMMARY OF AGRICULTURE THAI NGUYEN, 2013 The study was done at: COLLEGE OF ECONOMICS & BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Scientific supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Tran Chi Thien The peer review 1: The peer review 2: The peer review 3: The thesis is prevented to the Council held in Thai Nguyen University at the …, … ,2013 Desertation can be found at: - National Library - Learning Resource Center, Thai Nguyen University - Library of College of Economics & Business Administration giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh LIST OF AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED STUDY Bui Nu Hoang Anh, "Land - a resource, an asset to be protected and effective use", Journal of Science - Technology, Thai Nguyen University, Volume 60, Number 12/1 2009, tr 114-118 Bui Nu Hoang Anh, "The economic situation - Yen Bai province's social and solutions for sustainable growth", Journal of Development Economics, National Economics University, No 162 of 2010, Tr 100-108 Bui Nu Hoang Anh, "Economic efficiency of some agricultural land use types in Yen Bai province" Journal of Economics & Business Administration, Number 1, May 3/2011, p 72-78 giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh INTRODUCTION Justification How to use agricultural land to ensure food security and sustainable development in the climate change along with the pressure of population growth, the process of industrialization and modernization is becoming a matter of urgent problems in developing countries Vietnam so far is basically an agricultural country Agriculture, rural, farmers in Vietnam have been and will be an important position in the economy of the country From an agricultural economy focused heavily subsidized switch to market economy, our country is facing a series of economic, social and environmental problems To achieve the goal of sustainable development, Vietnam needs to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use, thereby increase income for local people, improve landscaping, protect environment and ecology Pressure of the urbanization process and population growth make our country farmland decline rapidly in both quantity and quality People have been exploited without any reasonable measures to protect this precious resource In this context, the effects of climate change and sea level rise scenario makes arable land in the coastal plain region increasingly narrow, the potential for soil research, learn some types of agricultural land use, assessing the appropriateness of the type of land use that as a basis to propose solutions appropriate land use, effective in mountainous areas is the problem and strategic and urgent local and national targets to ensure food security, sustainable development Yen Bai is a mountainous province of northern Vietnam Land of Yen Bai is very diversity, agricultural land accounts for nearly 80% of the total land area, but most of the area is steep Despite the relatively large area but complex terrain, mostly hilly, educational level is not high, the exploitation of land resources in general and in particular agricultural land for production is limited Production underdevelopment, economic efficiency is not high, while main source of income of the people here depend on agriculture So people's lives in the province is difficult, strenuous By 2012, income per giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh capita of only 16.6 million, only 53.9% of the average income of the country Want to improve the living standards of the people, need to implement multiple synchronization solutions, which improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use To ensure food security, poverty reduction and sustainable development in such a sloping mountainous province of Yen Bai, there is a need for research on agricultural land From that fact, to assess the economic efficiency of agricultural land use and to propose solutions to improve the efficiency of this land type, "Solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai province during 2012 - 2020" has been chosen to study Objectives - To systematise theoretical and factual basis of improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use; - To analyse the economic efficiency of different agricultural land use types; - To analyse the factors affecting the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai; - To propose some solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai province Study Object and scope 3.1 Object The economic efficiency of different agricultural land use types and related issues 3.2 Scope 3.2.1 Spatial limitation Study site: Yen Bai province Field survey were conducted in districts characterized by three regions: The low region: Yen Binh district; The middle region: Van Chan district; giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh The upland region: Mu Cang Chai district 3.2.2 Time range - Secondary data: collected during the period 2000 - 2011; - Primary data: Surveys were conducted in the period 2008 - 2011; - The solution was studied and proposed up to 2020 3.2.3 Limits on Content - Evaluating the economic efficiency of some major agricultural land use types; - Basic solutions to improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land Study questions How is the economic efficiency in agricultural land use in Yen Bai province? What factors affect the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai? What solution should be implemented to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai in the future? The new scientific findings A perspective on adherence efficiency of agricultural land use with food security issues and sustainable development in the context of climate change has been further confirmed New perspective on the role of agriculture in the uplands in ensuring food security, land degradation, water maintenance, climate regulation and mitigation has been strengthened A concept of "economic efficiency in the agricultural land use" was formulated and used to cater for this study giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh The dissertation is the first study on economic efficiency in the agricultural land use in mountainous Yen Bai Province have a combination of traditional research methods with modern research methods, qualitative with the quantitative approach The cause of agricultural land use situation has been argued, a fixed-effects model (FEM) has been built to analyze the factors affecting the economic efficiency of agricultural land use and system of the comprehensive solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in a mountainous province in the context of agriculture is facing many challenges have been proposed Chapter SCIENTIFIC BASIS In this chapter, the thesis codified and clarified the theoretical issues of agricultural land (concept, agricultural land classification, role and economic characteristics of agricultural land, and the point of use type of agricultural land use), the effectiveness, economic efficiency and economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land to the concept, content, nature, methods of identification, the influencing factors and evaluation criteria of economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land In practical basis, the authors present the results of research on effective use of agricultural land in the world and in Vietnam In Vietnam, the authors analyze and clarify the status of land use efficiency is not high agriculture through specific aspects such as agricultural land, loss of agricultural land, the status efficiency agricultural land before the great challenges of food security, the impact of land policy on the efficiency of agricultural land use Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW Situation assessment studies and economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land in the world and in Vietnam has also been mentioned, and giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh lessons has been summarized Comments drawn from theoretical studies and practical economic effects of agricultural land use: - Land resources in general, in particular agricultural land is limited and the situation has been shrinking in size, has been declining in quality due to the effects of both natural and human The pressures of population growth, increased demand for agricultural products along with the process of urbanization, industrialization and the land is very large To ensure food security, food and sustainable development to improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land - The method to study the effect of agricultural land use is diverse, can apply different approaches in the different study areas - To propose solutions to improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land, the study pointed out many factors that affect the effective use of resources, including subjective factors and objective, both natural and social factors that impact both positive and negative - Economic efficiency in agricultural land use in each country is different, but the search for solutions to improve economic efficiency in the use of this resource is essential for all countries, especially that developing countries such as Vietnam Chapter METHODOLOGY 3.1 Study site choosing: areas (lowland and upland areas between) with representatives represent districts based on altitude above sea level (Yen Binh, Van Chan, Mu Cang Chai) have been chosen Each district selected three society, in every society selected villages/hamlets in each village/hamlet 12 households selected for the survey After synthesis and processing of data, 270 households to ensure information reliability is used in the study 3.2 Information collection: The secondary data for this study were collected from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agricultural Extension Center, GSO, seminars and abroad, the research was published giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh The primary information collected through household interviews surveys, focus group discussions, consultations of experts The primary information to be investigated in years (2008-2011) 3.3 Methods of information synthesizing and analysis: The information collected is synthesized by the method of distribution, statistical tables and graphs After synthesis, the information is analyzed by a combination of traditional research methods with modern methods, qualitative methods with quantitative That's the method: the sequence of time; extended intervals; SWOT analysis; method "problem tree"; analysis of project cash flow and forecasting methods Categories and methods of data analysis mixture (data table) is used to analyze the factors affecting the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in the province of Yen Bai 3.4 Participatory approach: This approach to PRA tools were used during the study We made groups with 60 participants respectively in the selected communes to collect survey information on the status of agricultural land use and the preferred solution to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use mainly 3.5 The system of research targets and criterias: research indicator system consists of groups: Group targets reflect on the process of agricultural production; indicators reflect the economic results of agricultural land use; Group only This reflects the economic efficiency of agricultural land use; indicators reflect the financial performance of perennial LUT (production cycle) Chapter FINDINGS 4.1 Overview of Yen Bai province 4.1.1 Natural Conditions Mountainous province of Yen Bai is located inland, is one of 13 provinces in the northern mountainous region with steep terrain and most complex divided our country Average slope 25-300, where the slope is more than 450 The climate is sub-tropical monsoon climate zone 5, the giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh average temperature is 22 - 230C, rainfall 1500-2200 mm / year average humidity 83-87%, facilitating the development of agriculture - forestry 4.1.2 Social-Economic characteristics There have been administrative units with a total of 180 communes, wards and townships including 70 upland and 62 communes with special difficulties are invested in programs of economic development - social state, have highland district Tram Tau Mu Cang Chai (H'mong minority accounts for over 80%) in 61 poor districts, particularly the country's difficulties Provincial population in 2010 was people, over 50% are ethnic minorities Outdated infrastructure, especially infrastructure for production and rural infrastructure Agricultural production is underdeveloped economic structure slowly shifting Quality of life is low, large wealth disparity between the low and high areas Province's biggest advantage is the sparse population density, land mass, abundant flora and fauna, capable of sustainable agricultural development The major difficulty is the province's complex terrain, poor transportation, low literacy levels, extreme weather, natural disasters occur often seriously affected agricultural production and reduce economic efficiency health in agricultural land use 4.2 Status of agricultural land use 4.2.1 Overview of agricultural land in Yen Bai province: In 2010, the total land area of the province is 689,949.05 hectares, of which agricultural land accounts for 79.59% Compared with 2006, agricultural land increased by 26479.59 ha, structural increase 3.71%, but private land 1665.48 hectares agricultural production declined during this period 4.2.2 Characteristics of agricultural land in the province: Agricultural land in three study areas with steep slopes, steep slopes under 150 (grade I and grade II) is favorable for agricultural production accounts for the low rate (3% - 20%), slope above 150 is not favorable for agricultural production accounts for a high rate (30% - 48%) Agricultural land of the study area fluctuated with time and fluctuations of the agricultural soils in different regions are not the same giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 10 corn In fact, it shows the type of use of agricultural land has been under intensive investment Along the same crops, but yields between different regions in lowland productivity The most obvious difference is in the forest during the period 2008-2010 Yield Forestry and years in the age between about 1.8 times higher than the yield of the same type forest in the lowlands However, in aquaculture, by contrast, aquaculture production in lowland areas is higher than in between 1.7 to 2.3 times This somewhat gradually reveals the advantages of each region - In the highlands: In the period 2000 - 2010, rice production increased the most, followed by maize, tea and preliminary investigation Rice production increased due to an increase in both area and yield, but yield increases more Unlike rice, maize yields increased quite a lot compared to other crops and also due to the increase of both area and yield, but the increase due to greater expansion area Similar to corn, medlar production increased significantly during this period mainly due to area expansion (4.17 times) Forestry production increased in 10 years by both area expansion and productivity enhancing investments The forest is mainly people in the area is planted pine needles and medlar Unlike forest trees of the middle and lower areas, two crops after years to bring productivity and high income for growers (with prices 6.000VND/kg result, each original year old medlar for about 600.000VND income) Aquaculture productivity in this region is lower than the middle and lower regions, but the output is still increasing due to the growing area of expansion Although it has been extended, but the aquaculture area of this region is only 1/67 the area of aquaculture and the area between 1/98 the lowland area In fact, it has once again confirmed the strength and forestry planting restrictions in aquaculture upland 4.2.4.2 The type of agricultural land used primarily With more than 30 plants and a variety of seafood and seasonal distribution combinations, arranged in the form of agricultural land use In the study area, the main types are: rice cultivation, rice cultivation combined with dry plants, specialized crop, fruit trees, tea plantations, forest planting giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 11 and aquaculture Due to natural conditions and a variety of reasons such as: farming practices, investment capital, capacity consumption, so the choice of type of agricultural land use in different regions - In the low: Survey results showed that 90 households in the area, lychees specialized type of crop (spring beans - beans seasons) and fruit trees (apricot, plum, litchi) is applied in over 90% of households in the region Approximately 60% - 80% of households in selected areas of cultivation of rice, combine rice with upland crops (2 crops of rice - corn crop) cultivation or color (3 for vegetables) proved that it is the type of land use is common and appropriate to the region Type of rice with upland crops combined with the rotation of two crops of rice, a few vegetables are applicable for most (just over 20% of households in selected areas) so hard and lost a lot of conversion work to land The other type is applied in the range of 40% - 60% of households in the region More than 40% of households selected types of aquaculture, sturgeon is a pet bring high economic value to the people White Halibut, Tilapia unisexual, rejuvenated, Sesame were people really loved it and extended surface area for release - In the middle: Research shows that this kind of fruit trees (orange), and specialized crop grown tea (sweet potatoes cases) was applied in most of the households in the region (90% - 100% of households ) Type of rice cultivation (spring wheat - winter rice), specialized crop (corn spring spring season maize or beans - beans of the season) is over 80% of households applying Similarly in lowland rice types associated with upland crops (2 crops - vegetables for winter 1) applies at least as much work as land, only 20% of households have more options Type of upland rice cultivation fell, fell to 50/90 selected households Type of forest trees (mostly banyan, acacia, eucalyptus and bamboo Bat) were selected in 47/90 households (52%) - In the highlands: Other than the low and middle regions, upland only 18 types of agricultural land use The level of application forms in this region are also clear differences The results are synthesized in Table 4:26 giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 12 shows the percentage of households applying different types of food crops, food and fruit is very high (around 80% - 100%) Although this type is the most widely applicable than in the other two areas, but food production, lower food, thousands of families have fallen into poverty each year of study The reason is that in this region is high as 90% of Mongolia's population, farming practices backward cultivation traditional still applies 100% of households in the investigation leading to low productivity, ease of cultivation land degradation due to leaching Type subsistence production has shown quite clearly in this area, not the type of commodity production in agriculture and intensive, so in most households to grow crops for food and to grow flax clothing and types of fruit trees are also applicable in all the households in the region Type of forest trees in accordance with the natural conditions of the region and is applied in 84/90 households If in the lower and middle regions of the tea plant is common in 80% of households in the area and planted in touch with more than 40% of households are in the ratio of them have applied this type of just over 20% Only 13/90 households applied forms of aquaculture with a total area of This fact once again shows that aquaculture is not suitable for the kind of high The rotation formula and seafood are also options in different areas The guarantee of food crops, food is almost the same, but there are differences in the types of crops, forestry and aquatic products The difference in the rotation formula of the type of land use has exposed its own strength as well as the suitability of each type of livestock, crops in each region 4.2.5 Economic efficiency of some agricultural land use types 4.2.5.1 At the low: As a result, the economic efficiency of some types of agricultural land use in the region is shown in the table below 4:28 The data in the table indicate that aquaculture is the type of use of agricultural land to bring the highest economic efficiency shown in all indicators as GO, VA, MI, GTNC, MI / IC, GO / IC and VA / IC If we only consider GO separate targets, the type giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 13 of rice combined with upland crops (2 crops - potatoes case) brings high value second type of aquaculture, but this type the costs are quite high, intermediate targets GO / IC and VA / IC is not high Specialty pomelo output value is not the second highest, but low cost and pomelo less labor than rice and color so high value on work, GO / IC and VA / IC of the type of crop fruit (grapefruit specialty) higher rice combined with dry plants and some other kind of choice in the region Considering individual targets GO / IC aquaculture is the type of land use to bring the highest efficiency (GO / IC = 14.5 times), then the type of fruit trees (grapefruit specialty) with GO / IC = 8.2 times and effective type of economy is the lowest for seasons crop potatoes (GO / IC = 2.8 times) Table 4:28 Economic results and efficiency of some agricultural land use types in the lower (Up to in 2011) T T LUT Targets Rice cultivation Spring Rice - Rice season Combine rice with upland crops (spring rice - rice season frozen potatoes) Crop (spring potato potato season) Crop (spring corn) Planting fruit trees (grapefruit) Growing fruit (pineapple) Cassava Perennial crops (tea) IC (mill) VA (mill) 29,20 9,70 19,50 19,30 36,50 2,00 3,00 2,00 52,40 16,40 36,00 34,80 43,80 2,10 3,20 2,20 18,20 30,00 1,60 2,80 1,80 6,50 MI (mill) GTNC MI/IC GO/IC VA/IC (mill) (times) (times) (times) GO (mill) 11,80 10,10 16,10 45,00 5,50 10,60 9,20 34,00 5,50 39,50 34,00 150,00 1,70 6,20 3,00 8,20 2,00 7,20 25,90 9,00 16,90 15,70 35,00 1,70 2,90 1,90 13,30 3,10 10,20 9,00 30,00 32,50 10,20 22,30 19,90 32,00 89,60 6,20 83,40 78,40 261,30 2,90 1,90 12,60 4,30 3,30 3,20 2,20 14,50 13,50 Source: Author's calculations from survey data 4.2.5.2 In the middle: 4:29 table below summarizes the results and economic performance of some kind of use of agricultural land mainly in the middle The data in the table shows, both in terms of production value, efficiency and equity indicators GO / IC, VA / IC, type of tea plantations bring high economic giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 14 efficiency, followed by maize, fruit trees, rice, aquaculture, Tea is confirmed to be strong in this region than in the low and high areas Then the corn plant, this plant is very suitable for this region and is an important condition for the development of animal husbandry Potatoes Atlantic is in the testing phase, the high levels of investment and productivity, should provide good quality production values pretty, but by this stage the cost should not bring high economic efficiency On the value of the type of land use usually takes less labor is higher In terms of capital efficiency, the type of tea plantations, maize, fruit trees with high efficiency, and type of planting cassava with lower performance At the time of investigation, potato Atlantic has the lowest performance, but should still future development of this crop by increasing productivity, and decreasing production costs to meet market demand (Table 4:29) Table 4:29 Economic results and efficiency of some agricultural land use types in the midle region (Up to in 2011) T T LUT Targets Rice cultivation (Spring Rice - Rice season) Crops (Summer Corn - autumn and winter Corn) Cassava Crop (Sweet Potatoes) Crop (Atlantic Potatoes) Perennial crops (tea) Planting fruit trees Aquaculture GO (mill) IC (mill) VA (mill) MI GTNC MI/IC GO/IC VA/IC (mill) (mill) (times) (times) (times) 50,00 9,71 40,29 32,30 36,46 3,33 84,16 6,70 77,46 63,55 28,76 9,49 12,50 5,95 15,30 6,52 37,10 19,40 8,55 7,70 8,78 7,90 17,70 15,93 46,70 36,00 30,00 1,29 1,21 0,82 142,00 10,70 131,30 118,17 35,00 11,04 130,00 45,00 7,14 3,93 22,30 23,13 5,60 4,70 44,40 39,96 23,75 18,45 5,15 4,15 12,56 11,56 2,10 2,35 1,91 1,44 1,35 0,91 13,27 12,27 3,98 4,92 7,93 5,05 Source: Author's calculations from survey data 4.2.5.3 At the upland region: Figures in the 4.30 table below shows that, in the upland agriculture land use types, both in terms of production value, value added, mixed income, the value date, effective capital utilization as well as a number of economic performance indicators other types of forest trees bring value and most effective, then to the type of tea plantations, and the type of crop giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 15 (corn), the lowest effective specialized type of crop to plant soybeans Type of crop (soybean) bring high economic efficiency due to relative commercialization and investment in fertilizer, care should yield poor quality Soybean plants are grown primarily for the purpose of anti-fading, soil improvement, not intensive investment to increase productivity Despite the fact that people in the area planted many trees to meet the demand for food, clothing and food for local practices remain heavily self-sufficiency, but this study combined with the results of scientific research on soil, agronomic other, it can be stated that best suits highland forest Table 4:30 Economic results and efficiency of some agricultural land use types in the upland region (Up to in 2011) T T LUT Targets GO (mill.) IC (mill.) VA (mill.) MI (mill.) Rice (Spring Rice - Rice 29,40 10,20 19,20 17,30 season) Crop (Summer Corn - 32,50 3,50 29,00 26,10 autumn and winter Corn ) Cassava 14,50 6,00 8,60 7,70 Crop 13,30 6,60 6,70 6,10 (Sweet Potatoes) Crop 15,50 8,40 7,10 6,40 (Soybean) Perennial crops (tea) 102,00 9,50 92,50 83,30 Planting fruit trees 20,00 5,60 14,40 13,00 Aquaculture 21,20 7,50 13,70 12,30 Forestry Planting 130,00 8,00 122,00 120,00 GTNC MI/IC GO/IC VA/IC (mill.) (times) (times) (times) 35,30 1,70 2,90 1,90 40,50 7,50 9,30 8,30 43,80 1,30 2,44 1,40 34,00 0,90 2,03 1,00 32,00 0,80 1,90 0,90 60,00 8,80 10,70 9,70 30,00 2,30 3,60 2,60 45,00 1,60 2,80 1,80 150,00 15,00 16,30 15,30 Source: Author's calculations from survey data A major challenge for forest development in this area is the lack of high food and food for everyday life Challenges that require research and development solutions agro - forestry or forestry - farming combine to ensure goals get short-term culture (Table 4:30) giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 16 4.2.5.4 Economic efficiency of some perennial Fruits and tea are perennial crops, for harvest many times To evaluate the effectiveness of this plant correctly, we use NPV and IRR criteria for a period of 15 years and at r = 9%, equivalent to the bank rate at the time of the study Based on data on output, prices, revenues and expenses for this perennial plants in three regions, we calculated the following indicators: a) Net Present Value (NPV) - NPV result for grapefruit and tea at lowland at r = 9%, respectively 44935.123 and 36728.241 million million This result shows that it continues to produce two kinds of perennials at low lying - In the middle, at r = 9%, NPV of fruit and tea respectively 53847.354 million and 4.28 million The results show that should continue to produce fruit and tea in this region However, combined with other research methods, we can see fruit trees should continue to produce in the middle is citrus fruit - In the highlands, the NPV result for fruit and tea at r = 9% is -6.49 14231.173 million and million Based on the calculated results, should not continue to expand the types of fruit growing in this region Compare the NPV at shows, the fruit trees in low NPV for the highest value, then the area between the high and the low As for tea, NPV in the area between the highest value, then the lower and lowest in the uplands b) Coefficient Internal Return rate (IRR) The value r1 = r2 = 7.5% and 12%, the result of IRR value of most crops are positive and r = 9% larger than that should still maintain the LUT with fruit trees and tea in the lower and middle regions Particularly in the highlands, fruit IRR and NPV = 7.11% = -6.49 shows that in terms of economic efficiency, not to maintain LUT with fruit trees in the uplands In summary, the results of analysis by several methods combined with secondary data has been compiled from FAO Statistical Yearbook Stat and Yen Bai provinces, we see economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land in the province of Yen Bai is not high Both animal performance, crop, prices of most agricultural products and income of the farmers of the giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 17 province of Yen Bai are lower than average in the country and the world To improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land, need to specify the factors that affect this issue 4.3 FACTORS AFFECTING THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE 4.3.1 The factors influencing To identify and analyze the factors that affect the efficiency of agricultural land in the study area, we selected 126 that a survey variables that affect us in varying degrees The selected variables including quantitative variables and qualitative variables To achieve the research objectives, we have chosen the method for synthesis of Categories factor synthesis The test results showed that all six factors are statistically significant After selection and verification, the results obtained from the application and processing methods Categories by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 4:35 The table below illustrates the results of a number of variations on this method Table 4:35 Illustrating the results of Cronbach's Alpha for a number of variables Cronbach's Synthesis Variable Component Variables Conclusion Alpha Fertility Usages Cooperation, transfer Capacity, ability - Soil pH - Organic Matter - The usefulness of P - Land Respiratory - Living habits - Farming practices - Community Collaboration - Infrastructure Construction Investment - Technology transfer - Technology Application - Crops & livestock diversification - The role of cooperation - Credit Access - Markets Access 1.000 1.000 0.807 0.924 acceptable acceptable good acceptable Source: Summary of survey data processing giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 18 4.3.2 The results of Panel data analysis model In deciding to use the fixed effects model (FEM) or random effects (REM), we analyzed combined ability to meet the conditions of the problem with the Hausman test results The problem of research on factors that affect the economic efficiency of agricultural land use There are many indicators reflecting the economic effects of agricultural land use, such as: value ratio of the cost of production (GO / IC), rate of value added in the cost (VA / IC ), mixed-income ratio in costs (MI / IC), the value of production rate on labor (GO / LD), NPV, The targets we have been using for the traditional methods for evaluating, comparing the effectiveness of each LUT in each study area and comparing the LUT in different research areas Results are presented in the previous section In the mixed model the data, with the goal of identifying the factors that influence and indicate the degree of influence of such factors to the economic effects of agricultural land use To achieve that goal, we have selected the dependent variable is mixed income / of agricultural land This is a variable sum, best reflects the relationship between the results and compare costs incurred to achieve results in a given period Testing with the following assumptions has been performed: H0: There is no shortage phenomenon due to unobserved variables H1: There is an acute shortage due to unobserved variables The test results for the value or the probability Prob abbreviated as P-value = 0.0075 With α = 0.05 we find P-value show the 95% confidence interval The value of R2 = 0.536 for model selection that is relatively consistent with the data collected and 53.6% change in the economic efficiency of agricultural land use is explained by factors in the model In other words, the independent variables in the model explained 53.6% of the variation of the dependent variable F = 6.280 (F = 0.000 Sig.) showed that the above statistical significance with 99.9% reliability All coefficients in the model are positive, it means that all six factors are studied in the same direction to the economic effects of agricultural land use In other words, if any improvements are factors that increase mixed income per unit area of agricultural land Regarding the impact of these factors, the analysis of the whole in Yen Bai and research shows that economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land affected by many factors of social conditions ( including educational level, ability, awareness of farmers, government policy, cooperation in agricultural production, ) with SS2 coefficient = 0.215, followed by economic factors - CN applied in agricultural production with SS4 coefficient = 0.197, then the natural condition factor (SS1 = 0.182), Infrastructure factor for agricultural production (SS3 = 0.151), factor markets (ss6 = 0.150) finally a factor of farm production conditions (SS5 = 0.112) However, combined with results from other research methods shows that the impact of the above factors in each region is not the same The analytical results show that the model, when the natural conditions are improved than double the current income increased 18.2% When social conditions are improved existing double the income per hectare of agricultural land increased by 21.5% As the infrastructure for producing good improvement over existing double the income increase of 15.1% As technology improved technology doubles the current income increased 19.7% When the conditions of farm production was improved twice now, increasing revenue and 11.2% when the market improved at double the income is increased by 15% giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 21 4.4 OTHER RESEARCH RESULTS 4.4.1 SWOT analysis results SWOT analysis results show that, if considered in the lowland regions have more advantages than disadvantages, there are many challenging opportunities Region between the advantages and disadvantages similar; opportunity and challenge each other almost as much Upland, in contrast with the low, there are many disadvantages than advantages, more challenging opportunities Also based on the SWOT framework analysis, when compared with other regions is that the lower and middle regions have more strengths and fewer weaknesses than the uplands Despite the differences, but the basic content is the opportunity for all regions are almost the same, but the challenge is much higher and bigger than the lower and middle regions The SWOT matrix analysis indicated the need to implement activities in each region to promote the advantages and overcome the disadvantages to seize opportunities, repelling challenges 4.4.2 "Problem Tree" From the results of this study, we build "problem tree" for each region as a result of many different methods "Problem Tree" is used to express the relationship of cause and effect in economic efficiency issues of agricultural land use These questions can be answered through the "tree problem" include: What causes lead to economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land in regions of the Yen Bai is not high? Economic efficiency in agricultural land use will lead to lower what consequences? The results shown on the "problem tree" is one of the important bases to propose measures to improve economic efficiency for each region in the province 4.5 SOLUTION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE 4.5.1 Grounds of the solutions: The solution proposed on the scientific grounds, namely: Natural conditions - economic - social Provincial These guidelines and policies are applied in the province , land use planning and development plan of the provincial agriculture period 2011 - 2015 and orientation to 2020 projections related to agricultural land use, the advancement of science and technology; Results thesis research giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 22 4.5.2 Solutions for each study area "Solution Trees" have been designed for each region on the basis of model results analyzed factors affecting the economic efficiency of land use and agriculture "Problem tree" These questions are answered in the "Solution tree" includes: What solutions are selected for each region? Which activities are needed to be taken in each solution? What’s the results of each solution? General purpose and goals of the implementation of measures to improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land each district be? The specific solutions based on the results of data analysis mixture model is mentioned in the "tree" solution for each region Factors affecting the regions are not the same level, so priorities are different solutions in each study area 4.5.3 Solutions for the entire province Agricultural land with steep slopes (above 150), the planning of land use types have the advantage of effectively protecting soil resources, limiting erosion, runoff and converted from production methods subsistence to commodity production, increase income per unit area The LUT suitable for this soil are: rice cultivation in terraces, tea plantation, planting fruit trees and planting pastures The remaining agricultural land with slopes less than 150 popular, regional planning into the annual crop production towards goods and contribute to ensuring the basic needs of food, food of residents native, raising income per unit area; mounted in each region of the province with a typical agricultural products Research has suggested solutions for each of these types of land: land agricultural production, forestry, aquaculture land, agricultural land and an integrated system solutions, such as application development and scientific progress - techniques, new technologies in agriculture, forestry and fisheries; Strengthening agricultural extension and training, human resource development, investment infrastructure development for production, agribusiness products, solutions and manufacturing organizations business mobilize funds and support for capital and credit and to boost trade promotion activities and market agricultural products, improve the quality of harvest, processing and storage of agricultural products giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh 23 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion The area of agricultural land in the province of Yen Bai variations due to separation or included some barefoot different Within the agricultural land is highly variable in size due to the conversion of land to other land The biggest challenge in agricultural land use in a mountainous province of Yen Bai is now mostly agricultural land with steep slopes, there are many land cultivation, produced by traditional farming methods heavily exploited natural, people's understanding of farming practices on sloping land is limited, the lack of measures to combat soil erosion degraded rapidly, reducing crop yields The conflict between the demands of life and the ecological environment deepened Economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land in the province is not high Both animal performance, crop, prices of most agricultural products, the coefficient of land use as well as the income of the farmers of the province of Yen Bai are lower than average in the country and the world By combining traditional research methods with modern methods, research results have shown a number of LUT effective and sustainable economy for the region's low: aquaculture, combined with fish and rice planting citrus fruit (especially grapefruit specialty) In the middle, tea plantations, annual crops such as corn and rice specialties are LUT bring high economic efficiency As for upland forest planting and forest crops combined with farming of animals is a LUT bring high economic efficiency and local match Annual crops intended only to ensure food, local food in terms of commodity production has not developed According to the regression analysis, there are basic groups of factors that affect the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in the study area These are: natural conditions, economic conditions - social, infrastructure for production, engineering - technology applied in agricultural production, the production conditions of farmers and markets All these factors have affected the same way with more income per hectare of agricultural land The results show that models the impact of these factors is not the same, but if one of these factors improve, or all of these factors are going to improve significantly increase farm income households, increasing the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai The proposed solution if implemented will bring economic benefits to the output value of agricultural land on higher average income from of giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh giai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anhgiai.phap.nang.cao.hieu.qua.kinh.te.trong.su.dung.dat.nong.nghiep.tai.tinh.yen.bai.giai.doan.2012.–.2020.ban.tom.tat.tieng.anh