(Luận văn thạc sĩ) corporate social responsibility in the vietnamese food industry situation and policy recommendations

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY MASTER THESIS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE VIETNAMESE FOOD INDUSTRY: SITUATION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS Specialization: International Trade Policy and Law LE THI KIM PHUNG Luan van Hanoi – 2019 Luan van MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY MASTER THESIS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE VIETNAMESE FOOD INDUSTRY: SITUATION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS Specialization: International Trade Policy and Law FULL NAME : Le Thi Kim Phung Student ID’s number : 1606060030 Supervisor : Dr Ly Hoang Phu Luan van Hanoi – 2019 Luan van i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this master thesis is the scientific research of my own which made on the basis of the theoretical studies, field surveys and under the direction and supervision of Dr Ly Hoang Phu The research contents and results of this thesis is completely honest These data and documents for the analysis, review and evaluation were collected from various sources which are fully listed in the reference list I am fully responsible for the content of this master thesis as well as this declaration Hanoi, 14 March 2019 Author Le Thi Kim Phung Luan van ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES vii ABSTRACT viii INTRODUCTION 1 Research Rationale Literature Review 3 Research objectives Research questions Scope of research Research methodology 7 Thesis outline CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Definition .9 1.1.2 Determinants of CSR 11 1.2 Models of CSR 13 1.2.1 Carroll’s CSR pyramid 13 1.2.2 Wayne Visser’s CSR 2.0 Model 15 1.2.3 The Consumer-driven Corporate Responsibility (CDCR) Model .16 1.3 CSR Practices in Developing Countries 18 1.3.1 Content Theme .18 1.3.2 Knowledge Type 18 1.3.3 Various drivers for CSR in developing countries 19 1.3.4 CSR Pyramid for developing countries .23 Luan van (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations iii 23 CHAPTER 2: CSR APPLICATION IN VIETNAMESE FOOD INDUSTRY 26 2.1 Overview of Vietnamese food industry 26 2.2 Vietnam research context 29 2.2.1 CSR in Vietnam 29 2.2.2 Key stakeholders in CSR in Vietnam 35 2.3 CSR in Vietnamese food industry 37 CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDIES 40 3.1 Vietnam Dairy Products JSC 40 3.1.1 Overview of Vietnam Dairy Product JSC 40 3.1.2 Human nutrition and safety 40 3.1.3 Environment and energy .42 3.1.4 Local economic development .43 3.1.5 Employees 44 3.1.6 Support and community development 45 3.2 C.P Vietnam Corporation 46 3.2.1 Overview of CP Vietnam 46 4.2.2 Heart 47 3.2.3 Health 49 3.2.2 Home 50 3.3 Heineken Vietnam 51 3.3.1 Overview of Heineken Vietnam 51 3.3.2 Prosperity of people .51 3.3.2 Prosperity of planet 53 3.4 Vedan Vietnam 54 3.4.1 Overview of Vedan Vietnam 54 3.4.2 Social responsibility activity 54 3.4.3 Environmental protection 54 3.4.4 Employee activity 55 Luan van (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations iv CHAPTER 4: POLICY IMPLICATION 56 4.1 Evaluation of CSR application in Vietnam food industry 56 4.1.1 Achievements .56 4.1.2 Existing issues .64 4.2 Future CSR development and challenges in Vietnamese food industry 65 4.3 Recommendations 67 4.3.1 Recommendations to the companies 67 4.3.2 Recommendations to the government bodies 70 CONCLUSION 72 REFERENCES Luan van (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations 71 companies should purchase a system to control energy usage in overall businesses and use the consultant services to prepare a roadmap for energy saving The companies which are environmentally responsible will receive support from the public and the State, paving the way for development in the present and in the future The last stakeholder is the community The business of the companies is socially responsible in case of the companies contribute to improve living standards of people The companies should develop a social program to bring gifts to poor people in mountain areas of Vietnam The companies should provide timely supports to the people who are affected by natural disasters In addition, the community program is expanded to the sponsorship to poor students and it helps these students to go to the school The company should also collaborate with the universities in Vietnam to provide the job change for the students even when they are still in education process 4.3.2 Recommendations to the government bodies The government bodies must develop and improve the legal framework related to CSR in order to create a solid basis for CSR implementation It is denoted that current legal framework and laws focus on the protection of the workers and the customers, protecting the customers with detail guideline of food hygiene and good safety standards, avoiding environmental pollution However, these documents are still very general Therefore, the government bodies should review legal system to ensure that the codes must be developed in detailed with clear statement In addition, all legal documents related to CSR must be reviewed periodically with the joint effort from different ministries to ensure that the documents are being updated to cover new aspects of CSR The government should also develop clear sanction for the violation of the laws and it must be specified to reduce the potential harmful actions from the companies It is recommended that when a new legal document is issued, the government should publish it to the public along with detail guideline for the implementation Luan van (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations 72 The government should encourage the CSR implementation in the companies For example, a tax exempt is available to the companies with basic CSR functions Moreover, it is recommended that tax exempt level is increased when the companies integrate more items into their CSR system The tax exempt should be aligned with the environment safety level As mentioned in previous section, the companies should develop and apply the technologies into their business and operations in order to reduce energy and water consumption as well as to decrease the CO2 emissions The government can provide the incentive to those who qualify the national standards in term of CO2 emissions or based on how much energy and water saved every year The government in provincial level can provide a team to help small SMEs to build CSR system This team also takes the responsibility of raising the awareness towards the importance of CSR The government should establish an independent unit like Speak Up and the unit will collect the issues from the people in order to early detect the companies with the unethical behavior The Ministry of Education and Training should develop CSR courses in both graduate and post-graduate level to ensure that the students are able to understand the importance of CSR Luan van (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations 73 CONCLUSION Through the thesis, the author realized that the importance of CSR implementation in business for sustainable development This study is developed with the main objective of studying analyze the general conclusion of how CSR has been applied in the Vietnamese food industry, in addition, the thesis also addresses the administrative role of government in regulating and managing CSR actions A large body of literatures is collected in order to get certain understandings about CSR It helps the researcher to understand more about the definitions of CSR and its roles to the business of the companies To explore how CSR activities to be conducted in Vietnamese food companies, the overview and the trend of Vietnamese food industry is explored and it confirms rapid growth in the industry In addition, the market is participated by many players in the context of consumer behavior towards healthy and safety food products is becoming more important Moreover, Vietnamese consumers are getting ethical towards the companies’ business and operation whether it is making any harmfulness to the environment To study further about how CSR activities in Vietnamese food companies, the researcher collects four case studies, including Vinamilk, CP Vietnam, Heineken Vietnam, and Vedan Vietnam Among these companies, Vinamilk is local-based company and it successfully develops a comprehensive CSR framework The researcher perceives that Vedan Vietnam has poorer CSR system compared to Vinamilk, CP Vietnam and Heineken These companies develop CSR system in which both qualitative and quantitative indicators to be developed Focused areas of Vinamilk, CP Vietnam and Heineken are quality and safety food products and they are confirmed by international quality standards and the control towards the suppliers, the creation of jobs and training to the employees, social programs to support disadvantage people, the application of renewable energy, waste water treatment, reduce energy and water usage through advanced technologies From the examination of four case studies, the recommendations are given to both the companies and the government bodies to further improve CSR implementation and CSR practices in Vietnamese food companies Luan van (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations 74 To sum up, the conclusion part answers research questions and presents a comparison on four case food companies Furthermore, the author indicates some limitations of the thesis as the study concentrates on large listed companies without the inclusion of Vietnamese SMEs, and the collected data are not diversified as expected Luan van (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations REFERENCES Published References Ackerman R.W 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(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations (Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations(Luan.van.thac.si).corporate.social.responsibility.in.the.vietnamese.food.industry.situation.and.policy.recommendations 11 Forest L Reinhardt, Robert N Stavins, 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