(Đồ án hcmute) energy monitoring module using internet of things

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF HIGH TRAINING QUALITY THESIS MAJOR: ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ENERGY MONITORING MODULE USING INTERNET OF THINGS INSTRUCTOR : M.ENG TRONG NGHIA LE STUDENT NAME: DUC THIEN HUA STUDENT ID : 15142108 STUDENT NAME: NGOC HAI KHUU STUDENT ID : 15142026 SK L 0 HO CHI MINH CITY, FEBUARY 2020 an UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF HIGH TRAINING QUALITY DIPLOMA PROJECT ENERGY MONITORING MODULE USING INTERNET OF THINGS STUDENT NAME: DUC THIEN HUA STUDENT ID : 15142108 STUDENT NAME: NGOC HAI KHUU STUDENT ID : 15142026 INSTRUCTOR : M.ENG TRONG NGHIA LE Academic year : 2015 Major: ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Ho Chi Minh City, Febuary 2020 i an SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Liberty – Happiness *** Ho Chi Minh City, the 3rd of January, 2020 MISSION OF DIPLOMA PROJECT Student name: DUC THIEN HUA Student name: NGOC HAI KHUU Major: Electric and Electrical Engineering Instructor: TRONG NGHIA LE Received date: 16/09/2019 Student ID: 15142108 Student ID: 15142026 Class: 15142CL1 Phone number: 0813310460 Submitted date: 03/01/2020 Diploma Subject: ENERGY MONITORING MODULE USING INTERNET OF THINGS Records and material: All references and material working on current transformer, power monitoring and IoTs Implementation of the project: Research, design, measurement and module implement of energy monitoring system Assessment: - Thesis report - Visual module SENIOR MANAGER INSTRUCTOR i an SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Liberty – Happiness ******* ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTRUCTOR Student Name: DUC THIEN HUA Student ID: 15142108 Student Name: NGOC HAI KHUU Student ID: 15142026 Major: ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Title: ENERGY MONITORING MODULE USING INTERNET OF THINGS Instructor Full Name: TRONG NGHIA LE ASSESSMENT Amount of content and implementation: - Research, calculation and design energy monitoring system - Implementation and simulation of the project - Visual module of the project Highlights: - Complete the assigned tasks - Practical application - Average implementation and completion - Accuracy in measurement Weaknesses: - The energy display needs to be improved as it could be friendlier to monitor the consuming power Diploma project oral presentation permission? - Yes Assessment ranking: - Good 6.Grade: - DUC THIEN HUA: 9/10 (In word: nine) - TRONG NGHIA LE: 8/10 (In word: eight) Ho Chi Minh City, the 14th of Febuary, 2020 Instructor iv an SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Liberty – Happiness ******* ASSESSMENT OF THE REVIVIEWER Student Name: DUC THIEN HUA Student ID: 15142108 Student Name: NGOC HAI KHUU Student ID: 15142026 Major: ELECTRIC & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Title: ENERGY MONITORING MODULE USING INTERNET OF THINGS Reviewer: NGOC AU NGUYEN ASSESSMENT Amount of content and implementation: - Research, calculation and design energy monitoring system - Implementation and simulation of the project - Visual module of the project Highlights: - Average implementation and completion level - Novelty given solution - Highly practical application - Approriate and scientific research methods Weaknesses: - The project is permitted for oral presentation but yet it needs a lot of adjustments - Using materials from other resources without direct citation Diploma project oral presentation permission? - Yes Assessment ranking: 6.Grade: (In word: ) Ho Chi Minh City, the 14th of Febuary, 2020 Reviewer v an PREFACE Thanks to the astounding developments of modern science Technology in general, the IOT service, especially the remote automatic Energy Monitor System, has been propelled unprecedentedly Acknowledging the practical utilization and the immense necessity of managing the amount of energy used among the homeowners, under the supervision and the instruction of Master of Engineering TRONG NGHIA LE, we humbly present our dissertation on The Wireless Residential Energy Monitor using clamped on current transformer as a thesis of the final assessment for the completion of the Bachelor of Electric and Electrical Engineering Modern wireless power monitor has gained huge popularity around the globe due to its immensely cheap capital and practical but efficient application, we, therefore, firmly ascertain that our project could highly contribute to the social needs, and to the academia in particular As regards, we want to give our sincere gratefulness to our instructor, Master of Engineering TRONG NGHIA LE, who has given us all advantageous conditions, alongside with helpful advice and on-time adjustment while we were working on our project Without his dedicated instructions and guidance, we could not be able to accomplish our own dissertation with flying color Furthermore, we also want to give our appreciations to eminent scholars, researchers, seniors and our acquaintances who has working and guiding us in our process of completely fulfilling this thesis However, because of the strict and meagre period, small expense and our lack of experiences, it is unarguable that our project apparently has some omissions which have been minimized as much as possible We urgently hope to receive more valuable feedbacks, comments and instructions from our prominent scholars and lecturers at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education so that we could promptly adjust our dissertation and also alleviate its undesirable shortcomings in the future v an ABSTRACT The increasing electricity demand, together with the complex, dynamic and distributed electricity supplies, have caused serious power grid congestion issues in the future smart grid Utilities require advanced monitoring of their assets to ensure reliable and safety power for their users As the consequences, data collection is a very important step and part in the research of energy visualization and analysis How to make a general, reliable and convenient data collection system is a meaningful and necessary job In this diploma project, we introduce a new kind of energy data monitoring system which is using Wi-Fi module and current transformer Due to the global energy issues and the essential of this thesis, we decide to publish the project: “ENERGY MONITORING MODULE USING INTERNET OF THINGS” The whole hardware system can be divided into six chapters which can be described as four parts The first part is an electricity sensor unit which is the core part of the whole system The second and the third part are combined and working together which consist of a micro controller and a Wi-Fi network module The fourth part is a small data convertor These four parts work together in the whole process The main software design work is focus on the microcontroller The whole software design work can be divided into three parts which are parameter setting, main working loop and Arduino functions In the outcome of the project, we can see that the data collection system can work properly and transmit the data to the remote IP address wirelessly through the Wi-Fi module With this kind of design, the data collection system can finish the work no matter what kind of the electricity meter is vi an TABLE OF CONTENTS DIPLOMA PROJECT i MISSION OF DIPLOMA PROJECT i ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTRUCTOR iv ASSESSMENT OF THE REVIVIEWER .v ASSESSMENT OF THE REVIEWER Error! Bookmark not defined PREFACE v ABSTRACT vi TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF TABLES xiv Chapter INTRODUCTION 1.1 Abstract 1.2 Scope of the study 1.3 Background of project inspiration .1 1.4 Sources and work cited .2 1.5 Accomplishment of the project Chapter CONCEIVE 2.1 Internet of Things 2.1.1 Definition of IoTs 2.1.2 Application of IoTs .3 2.1.3 Specification of IoTs .4 2.1.4 Amazon Web Services 2.1.5 Cloud computing 2.1.6 Advantage of AWS 2.2 CT model & current measurement techniques 2.2.1 Introduction 2.2.2 Current transformer 2.2.3 CT models 2.2.4 Model simulation .11 2.2.5 Split core current transformer 13 2.2.6 Current measurement techniques .23 2.3 Conclusion 30 Chapter CALCULATION AND DESIGN .32 3.1 Energy extraction and power conversion 32 3.1.1 Introduction 32 3.1.2 Alternative current .32 3.1.3 Energy extraction 42 3.1.4 Alternative configuration for compensation of reactive currents 47 3.1.5 Power conversion 48 3.2 Power factor correction techniques (PFC) 51 vii an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things 3.3 Network structure 53 3.3.1 Introduction 53 3.3.2 Network topology 53 3.3.3 Existing gateway far away 53 3.3.4 Existing gateway nearby 54 3.3.5 Custom gate way 55 3.3.6 Conclusion 56 3.4 Communication Protocol 56 3.4.1 UART 56 3.4.2 I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) 57 3.4.3 SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) .60 3.4.4 Wi-Fi 60 3.4.5 Conclusion 61 Chapter IMPLEMENTATION 62 4.1 Introduction .62 4.2 Ingesting and archiving energy data 62 4.3 Measurement 64 4.4 Excess energy consumption 65 4.5 Calibration procedure .66 4.6 Hardware design 69 4.6.1 Introduction 69 4.6.2 Components of module .69 4.6.4 Case 80 4.7 Software design 85 4.7.1 Introduction 85 4.7.2 Algorithm and flowchart 86 4.7.3 Arduino IDE programming .91 4.7.4 MQTT initialization 92 4.7.5 Database initialization 96 Chapter OPERATION AND RESULTS .103 5.1 Introduction .103 5.2 Operation 103 5.3 Result 110 Chapter CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION .113 6.1 Conclusions .113 6.2 Recommendation for further research 114 REFERENCES 116 viii (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AC: Alternative Current AWS: Amazon Web Server CPI: Consumer Price Index CT: Current Transformer DB: Database DC: Direct Current EVN: Vietnam Electricity ESP: Espressif Systems GDP: Gross Domestic Product IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service IDE: Integrated Development Environment kWh: Kilowatt Per Hour MoIT: Ministry of Industry and Trade MQTT: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport PaaS: Platform as a Service PFC: Power Factor Correction PPI: Producer Price Index PPS: Packet per Second PWM: Pulse Width Modulation RMS: Root Mean Square ROI: Return of Investment SaaS: Software as a Service SCT: Splilt-core Current Transformer SMPS: Switch Mode Power Supply UID: Unique Identity VND: Vietnam Dong WSN: Wireless Sensor Network ix (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Chapter OPERATION AND RESULTS 5.1 Introduction This chapter presents the results of the entire diploma project as a thesis over a period of 15 weeks Besides, it is to comment, evaluate and propose the development direction of model products so that they can be completed and put into practice 5.2 Operation The general working operation is particularly shown in this chapter Firstly, after setting up the whole system, we will conFigure all the parameters according to the requirement Secondly, we are going to initialize the progress Thirdly, the electricity sensor module begins to work and puts the data into its registers Fourthly, the microcontroller sends the query according to the interval setting time Fifthly, the microcontroller will check the response of the electricity sensor unit If the response is correct, the microcontroller will get the monitoring data out of the response Sixthly, the microcontroller then sends the data to the target IP address or remote server through the Wi-Fi module This process is with the help of the Internet through the router  Step 1: Load connection Initially, the CT part must be wired to the main electrical conductor and it cannot be wired around both wires The CT installating to the main wire is described as Figure 5.1 and 2.12 as it is mentioned above Figure 5.1 CT sensor clamped over the main electricity wire Subsequently, the adapter is pluged into the closest electrical socket, by which the module is powered to operate The installation guide is shown as Figure 5.2 103 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Figure 5.2 Energy monitoring module installation  Step 2: Wi-Fi AutoConnect Access Point Setting Powering the whole system, which uses 220VAC power to supply power output The control circuit provides 220VAC through the adapter to supply the circuit and wait for ESP32 NodeMCU to connect to Wi-Fi If it cannot find the saved Wi-Fi, the system will automatically run the Wi-Fi manager to set the Wi-Fi for the system with the interface and steps as follows: Access to Wi-Fi of NodeMCU "AutoConnect AP" (at this time NodeMCU is in Access Point mode) Click "ConFigure Wi-Fi" to make new Wi-Fi settings for NodeMCU and click "SAVE" As soon as the CT is clamped on the main wire and the energy data monitoring system is initialized, we start to login to the AWS Console for real time monitoring purposes 104 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Figure 5.3 Access Point Setting  Step 3: AWS console log in As the two aforementioned steps is completed, the module is now excess the consuming energy Next, the energy data can be real-time monitored in this step User can now login into their AWS console from the link https://aws.amazon.com/console/ as the Figure 5.4 105 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Figure 5.4 AWS sign in As it is fully described in software design section, our thing has already connected wirelessly with the MQTT servers The MQTT display, therefore, will send notification as it has received the data collecting from our thing The IoTs Core display is shown as Figure 5.5 Choose IoTs Core console  test  subcribe: outTopic to monitor the realtime measurements These measurements can also be monitored in any types of smart device as it is depicted in Figure 5.5 and Figure 5.6 Figure 5.5 Energy data displayed on smart phone and the module 106 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Figure 5.6 IoTs core display on computer Those real-time data will be automatically stored in DynamoDB table, which is already registered Storing raw data in DynamoDB is great to be able to query the latest readings or to show an overview of the current day The sensor is generating 2880 data points every single day If I want to get an overview of how much electricity was consumed in a specific month, I need DynamoDB to return at least 30*2880 or 86.400 data points 107 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Figure 5.7 Dynamo DB table Once the energy data is stored, it can be able to download as a csv file for monitoring and offline analytic purposes Figure 5.8 Additional function of Dynamo DB 108 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Figure 5.9 Collected energy data from Dynamo DB It is, however, not the best long-term solution In order to store its data for several months, it would consume a lot of read capacity units (RCU) Instead, we decide that older data does not have to stay stored in DynamoDB Those old data could be offloaded and stored on S3 instead Therefore, we made a Lambda function that is triggered at night and archives all readings from the past day to a single CSV file on S3 Figure 5.10 S3 Database Last but not least, since this is an IoT project, the IoT Analytics is built for the users to be able monitor their energy data in real-time All of the data is simply displayed and its pattern is easy to be monitored and downloaded as csv file In the project, we have created four instances including time, watts and its timestamp However, those instances could be modified and created as the individual requirements of users Those analytics image is depicted in Figure 5.8 109 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Figure 5.11 IoT Analytics display 5.3 Result Based on the model described in section 5.3 multiple simulations are executed to simulated the behavior of the system at different primary current value The primary current is used as input variable and with these varying input multiple signals are measured and captured The measured and captured signals are listed below  ADC signal to input of microcontroller  Zero-crossing detection signal to input of microcontroller  Unregulated DC voltage level  Calibration constant  Source current and voltage In our test of the data collection system, we choose to the experiment in the lab at first Because of some constrains we have to use another way to replace and simulate the real electricity meter Here we regard the socket board as our experiment tool which is considered to be the replacement The current transformer is put across the cable of the socket board in order to collect the current information We connect the computer in the lab to this socket After building up the whole testing environment, we can then assume that we are detecting this socket like an electricity meter Only one computer is under its control Figure 5.12 shows the testing environment in the lab The data is then transmitted to the network port monitoring software wirelessly through the router in the lab This is to test if the Wi-Fi module 110 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things works properly We run this experiment for about an hour to see if we can get the right data The outcome of measurement we get is showed in Table 4.8 Table 5.1 The detected data of the energy monitoring module Appearance Time Power Voltage Current Power (Minute) Rate (V) (A) Factor (W) 0 0 10 222 0.23 41 0.80 20 222 0.22 39 0.80 30 222 0.23 41 0.80 40 221 0.22 39 0.80 50 222 0.23 40 0.80 As the load that we use to test our module in the table 4.8, a 40W laptop adapter and an 60W electrical fan are used Figure 5.12 Our Project Completion 111 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Based on the Root Mean Square (RMS) value of the source current, voltage, the output of the power value, the power factor is calculated In table 5.1 the results of the measurement and the calculations is given A 600W cooker and a 1000W hair drier are used as a measured load Table 5.2 The detected data of the testing Appearance Time Voltage Current Power Rate Power (Minute) (V) (A) (W) Factor 0 0 10 222 3.36 591 0.80 20 222 0.34 587 0.80 30 222 0.36 591 0.80 40 221 0.35 589 0.80 50 222 0.35 589 0.80 However, based on the simulation results it is concluded that for almost the complete targeted range the system is within the targeted class accuracy class Only for the lower boundary the measurement is not accurate enough to meet the requirement of the accuracy class The measurement is within class of the IEC61869-2 standard The main reason that at % the measurement is not accurate enough is that the CT is not able to supply the electronics without influencing the measurement Increasing the core size of the CT might solve this problem Figure 5.13 Simulated ADC input, zero-crossing input and DC voltage levels at 100% rated current 112 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Chapter CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION 6.1 Conclusions This chapter presents the results of the entire research as a topic over a period of 15 weeks Besides, it is to comment, evaluate and propose the development direction of model products so that they can be completed and make it possible to introduce as a commercial product Several valuable results of the implementation of our project are carefully discussed and researched as the list below:  Assessment of the potential and power consumption, alongside with energy production in Vietnam  Evaluating and describing the need of home energy monitor among homeowner  Interpretation of necessary laws in power system, especially the electricity grid  Hardware design and its major elements as the first embodiment  Acknowledging the rudimental information of gadgets and appliances such as the microcontroller and the clamped on current transformer which are later be directly installed in the hardware  Carefully and precisely calibrating the electrical factors such as currents, powers, etc  Carefully researching the particular microcontroller and a cross-platform application (arduino IDE) written in the programming language for the communicating and data processing purposes  Detailed software design as the second embodiment  Full Description of MQTT (MQ Telementary Transport) which is a publishsubcribe network protocol that is later used for transport messages and energy data from the hardware  Full Description of Amazon Web Services and in which the collected energy index is stored and analized for the individual power monitor purposes  Coding and establishing code and query language to communicate with the stored server  Building the project’s final hardware 113 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things Figure 6.1 Final completion of our project Comparison to conventional current measurements methods: As the current measurements concern, other conventional current monitor module required a complex installation of equiment For example, some current transformer need to wired directly to the main electric conductor, which is dangerous for a huge amount of houseowner who are not prepared with electrical knowledge However, our current monitor module is a non-invasive one, which means the current transformer part of our module is easy to be installed While much of other IOT system is initiated locally and can not be expand in further application, our project is based on a flexible and diverse application, such as mobile app, data analytics, huge cloud storage, high data secure, etc Therefore, it is easy and possible for developments who want to upgrade our module for more optimal options in the future 6.2 Recommendation for further research For the further improvement of the realized concept demonstrator some recommendations are mentioned below Other improvements or topics for further research based on this project are specified as well For the application of energy management detailed information of voltage and current is needed Not only amplitude of voltage and current is needed but information about the phase is required to calculate actual power flow For the measurement current sensors and voltage sensors are required To prevent high installation cost, the sensors need to be noninvasive In this thesis the design of a non-invasive, self-powering, current sensor is discussed, in which:  To improve the accuracy of the measurement an ADC with higher resolution is suggested In this proof of the concept, the limited range of the ADC resulted in - 114 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things less accurate readings for small currents Therefore, it is suggested to change the ADC used in this concept demonstrator by an ADC with higher resolution  The power factor and voltage sensor could be additionally installed in order to increase the current measuring precision of the monitoring module  Besides the current sensor a voltage sensor is required to provide information of the voltage For integration in the sensor network for energy management it is recommended to research for the possibilities of a non-invasive voltage sensor For the second most significant part of our project, which is the real time and online monitoring based on IoT configuration, there are also several requirements for the further improvement of the project, in which:  Have a simple app to visualize the data and analyze trends over time based on the tools which is supported by the Amazon Web Services console  Automatically recognize appliances based on their consumption pattern using Errol from MATLAB  Integrate with Google Home to improve its automatic and intelligent operation 115 (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things an (Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things(Do.an.hcmute).energy.monitoring.module.using.internet.of.things REFERENCES [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things [2] https://www.sas.com/en_us/partners/find-a-partner/alliance-partners/amazonweb-services.html [3] https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ebs-optimized.html [4] https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/features/ [5] Instrument Transformers—Part 2: Additional requirements for current transformers (2012) IEC Standard 61869–2 [6] Plaats, R.L (2016) “Self-powered wireless current sensor” pp 11 https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transformer/current-transformer.html [7] https://learn.openenergymonitor.org/electricity-monitoring/ctsensors/files/YhdcCTReportIss6.pdf [8] https://learn.openenergymonitor.org/electricity-monitoring/ctsensors/installation [9] https://www.poweruc.pl/blogs/news/non-invasive-sensor-yhdc-sct013-000-ctused-with-arduino-sct-013 [10] https://www.powerelectronics.com/content/article/21861299/why-have-an-airgap [11] https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/diode/diode_5.html [12] E Durán, M Sidrach-de-Cardona, J Galán, and J.M Andújar (2008),” Comparative analysis of Buck-Boost converters used to obtain I-V characteristic curves of photovoltaic modules” [13] Ned Mohan and Tore M Undeland (2007) Power electronics: converters, applications, and design John Wiley & Sons [14] Jinrong Qian and Fred C Lee (2000) Charge pump power-factor-correction technologies i concept and principle Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 15(1):121–129 [15] Stanley E Zocholl and DW Smaha (1992) Current transformer concepts In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Georgia Tech Protective Relay Conference, Atlanta, GA, pages 7–9 [16] N Sornin, M Luis, T Eirich, T Kramp, and O Hersent Lorawan specification (2015) LoRa Alliance technical specification [17] Olivier Monnier (2013) A smarter grid with the internet of things Texas Instruments White Paper [18] Jonas Olsson 6lowpan demystified Texas Instruments Saatavissa: http://www.ti.com/lit/wp/swry013/swry013.pdf., 29:2015, 2014 [19] Zigbee Alliance (2007) Zigbee enables smart buildings of the future today Zigbee Whitepaper [20] Chunchi Gu, Hao Zhang, Qijun Chen (2014) Design and Implementation of Energy Data Collection System Using Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) Module and Current Transformer 116 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