(LUẬN văn THẠC sĩ) technical efficiency of small and medium enterprises in manufacturing sector in viet nam

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIET NAM THE NETHERLANDS VIET NAM – NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS - TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN VIET NAM By NGUYEN THI THU HUONG MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS Ho Chi Minh City, December 2013 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIET NAM THE NETHERLANDS VIET NAM – NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN VIET NAM A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By NGUYEN THI THU HUONG Academic supervisor Dr PHAM KHANH NAM Ho Chi Minh City, December 2013 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper has could not be started and completed without the help of several individuals who supported me directly and indirectly First of all, I appreciate my supervisor Dr Pham Khanh Nam so much for his enthusiastic assistance He has not only given me genuine intellectual guidance in academy but also encouraged me a lot through the analysis process It is so hard for me to complete this research without his profound advice Thus, I am very grateful to him I am also thankful to Dr Nguyen Trong Hoai for sharing his knowledge and practice experiences in researching which are very useful for this study I am very grateful thank Dr Truong Dang Thuy for his comment and advice about thesis research design I also thank my friend Le Minh Tri for sharing his advantage discussions on econometric techniques Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents, and all my other family members for their concern and invaluable moral support TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT Most enterprises in Viet Nam is Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) In 2009 SMEs account for 98,54 percent in total enterprises in economy So, this paper examines the technical efficiency of small and medium enterprises in manufacturing sector in Viet Nam The paper concentrated on evaluating the technical efficiency of the firms Then it identifies the determinant of technical efficiency in these small and medium enterprises The data set collected from survey of Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), Department of education (DoE), and Institute of Labor Science and Social Affairs (ILSSA) in 2009 with 1.968 observations This paper resulted in a high technical efficiency in 2009 Levels of technical efficiency ranged from 0.94 percent to 0.98 percent Regarding factors influencing technical efficiency, the paper shows that only firm age and area have a positive relationship with technical efficiency Others factor such as firm size, sub-contractor, competitor, enterprise launched new product and improve product have a negative relationship Keywords: small and medium enterprise in manufacturing sector, technical efficiency, stochastic frontier production function, determinant, Viet Nam TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….1 1.1 Problem statement…………………………………………………… 1.2 Research objective………………………………………………………3 1.3 Scope of study………………………………………………………… CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………….5 2.1 Theoretical framework for technical efficiency……………………….5 2.2 Empirical literature on technical efficiency………………………… 2.3 Conceptual framework……………………………………………… 19 CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW VIET NAM SMEs AND DOMESTIC MANUFACTURING SECTOR…………………………………………………… 21 3.1 Overview of Vietnam SMEs………………………………………… 22 3.2 Domestic manufacturing sector………………………………………26 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………… 28 4.1 Empirical model……………………………………………………….28 4.2 Data and variables…………………………………………………… 31 CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH RESULT………………………………………………34 5.1 Descriptive statistic……………………………………………………34 5.2 Regression results…………………………………………………… 36 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMEMDATON…………….45 REPERENCE APPENDIX TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam List of Tables Table 1: Definition for Small and Medium Enterprises in Viet Nam……… 21 Table 2: Enterprises by labor scale and type in 2009…………………………23 Table 3: Enterprise by capital size and economic sector and type in 2009 23 Table 4: Contributions to State budget of SME in the 2007-2009 periods………………………………………………………………….25 Table 5: Variables and their descriptive……… ……………………………32 Table 6: Deterministic statistic of main variables…………………………… 34 Table 7: Correlation coefficient of variables………………………………… 37 Table 8: Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test………………………………… 38 Table 9: Distribution of Efficiency Level of Sample Firms…………… ……38 Table 10: Average Efficiency Level by Firm Size………………………………39 Table 11: Estimate frontier production function using Cob-Douglas production function………………………………… …………………………….40 Table 12: Determinant of technical efficiency……………………… …………42 Table 13: Number of enterprises by labor scale in 2000 to 2009…………… 52 Table 14: Laborers by sector.……………………………………… ………….52 Table 15: Gross output of industry at constant 1994 prices……………………53 Table 16: Manufacturing SMEs in Operation (2006-2009)…………………….54 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam List of Figures Figure 1: Technical, allocative, and overall efficiency…………………………………5 Figure 2: Production frontier and technical efficiency………………………………….6 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam Reference Le, C., L Viet (2010) “Technical efficiency performance of 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Division of Production, Productivity and Management Nguyen., K., Minh, and Giang., T, Long (2008) “Factor productivity and efficiency of Viet Nam economy in transaction” in Asian Pacific Development Journal, Vol 15, No Evans, D., L Leighton (1988), “Why smaller firms Pay Less”, Department of economics, Fordham University North, D (1990), Institutional change and Economic Performance, Cambridge University Press 48 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam 10 Panzar, J (1989), “Determinants of firm and industry structure”, in Schmalensee, Willig, R., (eds) Handbook of industrial Organization, Vol.1, Amsterdam, North-Holland 11 Loan, V (2011), “Analyses on some particulars of the small and medium enterprises in Da Nang City”, Science and technology magazine, Da Nang university, No.2 12 Ari and Fredrik (2004), “The internationalization of Viet Nam SMEs”, working paper 193 13 Jand, J., H Hansen, and F Tarp (2004) “SMEs growth and survive in Viet Nam: Evidence from an enterprise data set”, mimeo, paper presented by ISLLA Workshop on SME survey Findings, Hanoi, March, 2004 14 Nguyen, N., Anh, and Nguyen, D., Nhat (2007) “Innovation and export of Viet Nam SMEs sectors” 15 Rand, J and F Tarp 2007 Characteristics of the Vietnamese business environment: evidence from a SME survey in 2005, Component – Business Sector Research, Business sector program Support, CIEM, DoE, ILSSA, March 16 Kokko, A and F Sjöholm 2004 The internationalization of Vietnamese SMEs, Stockholm School of Economics 17 Le, Viet , and Harvie Charles (2010) “ How Do Vietnamese SMEs Perform? Technical Efficiency of SMEs in the Manufacturing Sector and Its Sub-sectors”, School of Economics, Faculty of Commerce, University of Wollongong, AUSTRALIA 18 Tran Thi Bich (2008) "Productivity, Efficiency and Institutions: Economic Reforms and Non-state Manufacturing Firm Performance in Vietnam" Crawford School of Economics and Government Ph.D thesis Canberra, Australian National University 49 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam 19 Vu Quoc Ngu (2003) "Technical Efficiency of Industrial State Owned Enterprises in Vietnam." Asian Economic Journal, 17(1): 87-101 20 Storey, D J (1990) "Firm Performance and Size" in Acs, Z J and Audretsch, D B.(Eds.) The Economics of Small Firms: A European Challenge Dordrecht and Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers 21 Pham, H T., T L Dao and B Reilly (2009) "Technical Efficiency in the Vietnamese Manufacturing Sector." Journal of International Development, Early Online View, Published Online: 14 Jun 2009 22 Meeusen, W and J Van den Broeck (1977) "Efficiency Estimation from Cobb- Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error." International Economic Review, 18(2): 435-444 23 Le Cong Luyen Viet (2001) "Small and Medium Enterprises in Vietnam: In Search of the Actual Obstacles to Growth" Southeast Asian Studies Programme thesis.Singapore, National University of Singapore 24 Kumbhakar, S and C A K Lovell (2003) Stochastic Frontier Analysis Cambridge U.K.: Cambridge University Press 25 Vo Tri Thanh and Le Xuan Sang (editors) 2004 Developing financial market in Vietnam: current situations, issues and policy recommendations Finance/Publishing House: Ha Noi 26 Le Xuan Sang 1997 Developing SMEs in transition economy: The case of Vietnam Unpublished Ph D Thesis Moscow National University, Russian Federation, Moscow 50 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam Appendix Table 13: Number of enterprises by labor scale in 2000 to 2009 Year Total Micro Small Medium Large enterprises enterprises enterprises enterprises 2000 42,288 22,638 14,396 1,849 3,405 2001 51,680 27,957 18,053 1,970 3,700 2002 62,908 33,047 23,329 2,284 4,248 2003 72,012 36,949 28,062 2,483 4,518 2004 91,756 49,042 35,047 2,892 4,775 2005 112,950 63,456 41,337 3,196 4,961 2006 131,318 80,060 42,649 3,418 5,191 2007 155,771 95,322 50,763 4,059 5,627 2008 205,689 127,180 68,046 4,484 5,979 2009 248,842 162,785 74,658 5,010 6,389 :Source: General Statistics Office, Viet Nam’s Enterprises in the first years of 21 century Statistics Publishing House, Ha Noi, 2010 and Business results of Viet Nam Enterprises in 2007, 2008 and 2009 by Vietnamese standard industrial classification – VSIC 2007,Volum 2, Statistics Publishing House, Ha Noi, 2011 51 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam Table 14: Laborers by sector Laborers by sector Year Total % of laborers by industry State- Non-state Foreign State- Non- Foreign owned sector invested owned state invested sector sector sector sector Sector 2004 5,770,671 2,250,372 2,475,448 1,044,851 39.00% 42.90% 18.10% 2005 6,237,396 2,037,660 2,979,120 1,220,616 32.70% 47.80% 19.60% 2006 6,715,166 1,899,937 3,369,855 1,445,374 28.30% 50.20% 21.50% 2007 7,382,160 1,763,117 3,933,182 1,685,861 23.90% 53.30% 22.80% 2008 8,154,850 1,634,500 4,690,857 1,829,493 20.00% 57.50% 22.40% 2009 8,927,900 1,741,800 5,266,500 1,919,600 19.50% 59.00% 21.50% Source: Agency for Enterprise Development, Ministry of Planning and development, White paper on Small and Medium sized enterprise on Viet Nam 2011, Ha Noi 2012 Table 15: Gross output of industry at constant 1994 prices: 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 567,448 646,353 701,183 811,181 Bill Dongs TOTAL 415,895 52 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam State 140,030 155,713 159,555 166,693 188,959 Non-State 120,546 188,840 226,226 249,338 287,728 3,599 4,194 5,492 6,126 116,759 184,081 220,289 241,892 279,068 431 616 960 1,038 1,292 298 542.5 782 915 1,241 155319 22,2894 26,0571 28,5151 33,4493 + Mining and quarrying +Manufacturing +Electricity, steam gas, and air conditioning supply +Water supply; sewerage, management waste and remediation activities Foreign invested sector Source: GSO Table 16: Manufacturing SMEs in Operation (2006-2009) 2006 2007 2008 2009 Number of SMEs 121,252 143,483 184,674 226,624 Number of manufacturing SMEs 24,553 31,057 37,304 49,857 Distribution of Manufacturing SMEs by sub-sectors (%) Manufacture of food products 21.57 21.20 22.14 21.34 Manufacture of beverages 2.51 2.17 2.71 2.43 53 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam Manufacture of tobacco products 1.59 1.49 1.21 1.25 Manufacture of textiles 5.74 5.20 4.58 4.61 Manufacture of wearing apparel 4.88 5.01 5.09 4.84 4.78 4.44 4.29 3.76 wood and cork (except furniture) 2.09 2.10 2.02 1.94 Manufacture of paper and paper products 2.22 2.25 2.37 2.14 1.14 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.31 0.19 0.28 1.81 5.96 5.64 5.94 6.46 1.13 1.05 1.08 1.20 4.87 4.82 5.21 4.99 mineral products 6.99 6.27 6.24 7.47 Manufacture of basic metals 4.51 5.10 5.30 4.49 Manufacture of leather and related products Manufacture of wood and of products of Printing and reproduction of recorded media Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products Manufacture medicinal, of pharmaceuticals, chemical and botanical products Manufacture of rubber and plastics products Manufacture of other non-metallic 54 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam (LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam(LUAN.van.THAC.si).technical.efficiency.of.small.and.medium.enterprises.in.manufacturing.sector.in.viet.nam