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INDEX N0 CONTENTS PAGE 1 Introduction 1.1 The reason for choosing the topic 1.2 The purpose of research 1.3 Study subjects 1.4 Research Methodology 2 3 2 Contents of the initiative experience 2.1 Rationale of the initiative experience 2.2 Situation of the problem before applying the initiative experience 2.3 The solutions were used to solve the problem 2.3.1 Reading the entire passage 2.3.2 Analyze and Group the questions 2.3.3 Reading Comprehension Test Sample 2.4 The effect of initiative experience for educational activities, with myself, the colleagues and the school 4 3 Conclusion and requests 3.1 Conclusion 5 13 16 17 17 17 3.2 Requests TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Introduction 1.1 The reason for choosing the topic English is the compulsory subject in the national Secondary Examination of the school education system which will be organized by the Ministry of Traning and Education After finishing secondary schools students have to take an exam known as National examination for GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) Solving English Reading Comprehension tests has become an inevitable part of almost every standarlized examination, especially in the important examinations such as the GCSE or the extrance one before The English test in this examination consists of two passages with about 400 words and eight or five questions for each passage It makes up 20 percents of the test However, It is cosidered as the most difficult section and under time pressure (about 13 minutes for 13 questions) So a complaint which I hear often is that the students are unable to understand the given reading comprehension and they are confused Many students seem to choose the answers by their feeling As a result, their mark is low, this highlight a reading comprehension problem that will connect to a student's academic success Thus, the question that lingers in my mind is “How to improve reading comprehension tests scores in the GCSE?” I thought a lot of this actual situation I applied some strategies that help my students in my school to choose the best answers Thanks to these strategies, my students achieve the surprising success They got good marks in Reading Comprehension tests after practising some reading passages by new methods The most important examination for all students comes nearer and nearer, I would like to present: “Effective strategies for improving reading comprehension tests scores of grade 12 in the General Certificate of Secondary Education” Different people have different reading comprehension strategies to improve their reading comprehension – I will try to identify a few strategies for them to consider Hopefully, with that experiences could help students to take the reading section easily When the students are good at reading comprehension, they can read books, newpapers and other materials in English And, this theme would be shared with any colleagues who had the same problem or anyone who is interested in this theme 1.2 The purpose of research Helping students at Ha Trung High school choose the best answers in Reading Comprehension tests section easily 1.3 Study subjects Research subjects are students in grade 12 at Ha Trung High School, school year 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 1.4 Research Methodology The study is basically a qualitative research, which employs the following methods: TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education - Research on Methodology of the actual survey, gathering information and data processing from the illustrative English tests for the National Secondary Education Exam (the Ministry of Traning and Education) and tests for the entrance examination for 12th students in groups A1 and D - Research methodology through the documents: sources of data come from reading tasks from the textbooks 12, teacher books internet and related documents (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education Contents of the initiative experience 2.1 Rationale of the initiative experience We all know that reading comprehension is the ability to process text, understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows. Fundamental skills required in efficient reading comprehension are knowing meaning of words, ability to understand meaning of a word from discourse context, ability to follow organization of passage and to identify antecedents and references in it, ability to draw inferences from a passage about its contents, ability to identify the main thought of a passage, ability to answer questions answered in a passage, etc And in fact,many of the content area textbooks in middle and high schools are designed to cram as much information as possible into the textbook and each of its texts This density of information may justify the cost of textbooks, but this density may be at the expense of student reading comprehension.In addition, a lack of understanding is the high level, content-specific vocabulary (science, social studies, etc) in textbooks, which results in an increase in a textbook's complexity A textbook's organization with sub-headings, bolded terms, definitions, charts, graphs coupled with sentence structure also increase complexity Most textbooks are rated using a Lexile range, which is a measure of a text's vocabulary and sentences when reading comprehension tests come to competitive exams, the task becomes difficult Unable to understand the vocabulary (meaning of words) and concept of the passage In addition, most standardized tests have time limits for each section Time constraints can be particularly troublesome for reading comprehension sections, as the sheer amount of reading that must be done between the passages and questions can take all of the allotted time, many students become dull and uninterested in this section Students need to have a solid understanding of strategies they can use with this section Thus, I defined the “effective reading comprehension strategies” as any strategies that have been found by I myself and the teachers in the team as beneficial for improving reading comprehension tests scores of 12th graders in the GCSE Importantly, the effectiveness of using a particular reading comprehension strategy based on teachers’ teaching experiences, rather than strategies only found in the literature 2.2 Situation of the problem before applying the initiative experience A common mistake among reading comprehension test takers is the assumption that they not need to read the whole passage presented to them While it may be possible to skip to the questions and then go back and attempt to answer each question individually by finding the part of the passage that deals with that question, this tactic causes students to have a hazy understanding of the passage as a whole and may lead to confusion It is (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education important to know how many total passages students have to read and roughly how many questions there are for each passage before they begin the exam Let us observe the statistic table of the number of correct answers before applying test taking strategies for reading comprehension part, school year 2018 - 2019 by the students of grade 12 at Ha Trung High school as follows: Grade Total approximately approximately students 12 questions 10 questions number % number % 12 B 45 2% 4% 12Đ 32 0% 3% 12M 43 2% 4% approximately questions number % 11% 13% 19% Under questions number 37 27 32 % 83% 84% 75% 2.3 The solutions were used to solve the problem 2.3.1 Reading the entire passage It is always a good idea to read though the entire passage at least once, even if that read is brief An overall understanding of the themes and arguments in the passage Here are the most common skills that are used for reading comprehension test * Skimming and Scanning skill Students should be able to skim and scan passages to well in reading comprehension tests Skimming is reading a passage to get a general idea of the content This is recommended to before they tackle the questions All types of questions, except one, are given after the passage because it is recommended to skim read the passage before the questions This does not mean they try to understand the passage It’s just a chance to get a sense of the topic and layout Students should skim read the full passage in to minutes-not longer All the same time, they should underline any key words you see The only types of questions which come before the passage is matching headings, for those, they don’t need to read the passage first Scanning is their ability to locate information quiclkly and has no relation to comprehension of the passage * Paraphrasing skill Paraphrasing means putting a passage of text in using different words or structures without changing its meaning These are types of paraphrasing: + Use synonyms: Synonyms are words or phrases that means the same thing For example - A car exhibition an auto show - To identify problems in the system to expose defects in the system + Use antonym: Antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word: For example (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education The construction will improve the traffic flow The construction will ease traffic congestion 2.3.2 Analyze and Group the questions After students skim read the passage, they go to straight the questions Pay attention to what type of question type it is Each passage in the reading part usually has from five to eight questions which are divided into three main types of questions: Main idea questions, stated detail and inference questions, vocabulary in context questions Students should read the questions first to focus their attention and direct them to the parts of the reading passage that are the most important for them to understand After that, students classify them into different types * Main idea questions Main idea questions ask students to identify the "primary purpose" or "main point" of the passage The questions can be asked with many different types of questions It is not difficult to recognize this type of questions There are some common question stems such as: - What is the topic of the passage? - What does the passage mainly discuss? - What is the subject of the passage? - What is the main idea of the passage? - What is the author’s main point in the passage? - What is the author’s main purpose in the passage? - what is the author primarily concerned? - Which of the following would be the best title? Main idea questions ask students to identify the crux of the author's point You must identify which ideas in the passage play a supporting role and which idea is being supported In many ways, this is similar to identifying the premises and conclusion to a critical reasoning argument The correct answer to a main point question is often a paraphrase of the conclusion or thesis statement of the passage Common incorrect answer choices are those that feature supporting ideas These answer choices are appealing to many test-takers because the material presented in them is true and based upon the passage So students should solve this type of question after the detail questions To find out the answer for these questions Students should implement the following steps: - Read the first sentences and the last sentences of the passage - Find the relationship between the first sentence and the sentence after - Skim the supporting sentences to test the answer they choose While they skim the passage, they have to identify the words repeated many times - Eliminate the incorrect answers which might be + the ones has no information in the passage + contrary to the information mentioned in the passage + too general, specific or not mentioned in the passage (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education Example Increasing numbers of parents in the U.S are choosing to teach their children at home In fact, the U.S Department of Education has estimated that in 1999, about 850,000 children were being homeschooled Some educational experts say that the real number is double this estimate, and the ranks of homeschooled children seem to be growing at the average rate of about eleven percent every year At one time, there was a theory accounting for homeschooling: it was traditionally used for students who could not attend school because of behavioral or learning difficulties Today, however, more parents are taking on the responsibility of educating their own children at home due to their dissatisfaction with the educational system Many parents are unhappy about class size, as well as problems inside the classroom Teacher shortages and lack of funding mean that, in many schools, one teacher is responsible for thirty or forty students The children are, therefore, deprived of the attention they need Escalating classroom violence has also motivated some parents to remove their children from school Although there have been a lot of arguments for and against it, homeschooling in the U.S has become a multi-million dollar industry, and it is growing bigger and bigger There are now plenty of websites, support groups, and conventions that help parents protect their rights and enable them to learn more about educating their children Though once it was the only choice for troubled children, homeschooling today is an accepted alternative to an educational system that many believe is failing Question Which is the best tittle for the passage? A Reasons for Homeschooling in the USA B The Trend of homeschooling in the USA C Homeschooling - one of the ways of education in the USA D Education system in the USA => The first sentence is: “Increasing numbers of parents in the U.S are choosing to teach their children at home” - The phrsases: “being homeschooled”, “behavioral or learning difficulties”, “dissatisfaction with the educational system”, “remove their children from school” - The last sentence is: “homeschooling today is an accepted alternative to an educational system that many believe is failing” - The answers A is too narrow, the answers D is too large - The best answer is B because the phrases: “increasing” and “seem to be growing” are mentioned in the passage * Stated detail and inference questions Stated detail and inference questions are divided into four types of the following questions: (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education Stated detail questions Stated detail questions are often prefaced by "according to the passage" or "the passage states that" Most of the questions that fit into this category could be called "find the fact" as they rely on your ability to find a specific piece of information, often contained in two or three sentences The following are examples of detail question stems: - According to the passage… - It is stated in the passage - Passage indicates that… - According to the passage which of the following is true Stated detail questions ask students about the specific information such as anecdotes, cited evidence, data, or descriptions and they are used to support the main idea of the passage These questions are usually given with the details in order in the reading passage Each question has four answers and the best answer contains the closest information in a paragraph or is expessed in a different way Students should follow these steps to identify the correct answer more easily: - Underline the key words in the questions - Carefully the sentences containing the key words - Eliminate the incorrect answers which might + not be mentioned in the passage + has any part of an answer choice which is wrong - Find the correct answer among four answers For example According to airline industry statistics, almost 90 percent of airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable But passengers can increase their chances of survival by learning and following certain tips Experts say that you should read and listen to safety instruction before take off and ask questions if you have uncertainties You should fasten your seat belt low on your hips and as tightly as possible Of course, you should also know how the release mechanism of your belt operates During take offs and landings, you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor Before take off, you should locate the nearest exit and an alterative exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you can reach them in the dark if necessary Question: According to the passage, airline travelers should keep their feet flat on the floor A especially during landings B throughout the flight C only if an accident is possible D during take-offs and landings =>The key words in the question are “airline travelers” and “feet flat’’ we can see them in the sentence: “During take offs and landings, you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor”: (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education Basing on the clue we we can easily find the correct answer D during take offs and landings Unstated detail questions This type of the question is often given with words: “not mentioned”, “not stated”, “all following options are true Except” or “not true” The question has three choices contained the information which is mentioned in the passage and one choice isn’t The following are examples of unstated detail question stems: - Which of the following is not stated…? - Which of the following is not mentioned…? - Which of the following is not discussed…? - All of the following are true Except… In order to answer for those question, students should follow these steps to identify the correct answer more easily: - Read the question and answer choices carefully, underline key words - Skim the passage rapidly to get proper information for key words - Read carefully the sentences containing the information in choice part - Eliminate the answer choices which are mentioned or true in the passage - Choose the answer which is not mentioned or not true in the passage Example According to airline industry statistics, almost 90 percent of airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable But passengers can increase their chances of survival by learning and following certain tips Experts say that you should read and listen to safety instruction before take off and ask questions if you have uncertainties You should fasten your seat belt low on your hips and as tightly as possible Of course, you should also know how the release mechanism of your belt operates During takeoffs and landings, you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor Before take off, you should locate the nearest exit and an alterative exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you can reach them in the dark if necessary In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident, you should put your hands on your ankles and keep your head down until the planes comes to a complete stop If smoke is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with napkins, towels, or clothing If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation To evacuate as quickly as possible, follow crew commands and not take personal belongings with you Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump, so with your arms and legs extended in front of you When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and smoke near the wreckage Question: Airline passengers are advised to all of the following EXCEP A ask questions about safety (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education B locate the nearest exit C fasten their seat belts before take-off D carry personal belongings in an emergency =>The key word in the question is “advised” and we find the incorrect information A: Ask questions about safety is in the sentence “Experts say that you should read and listen to safety instruction before take off and ask questions if you have uncertainties”: B: Locate the nearest exit is in the sentence ““Before lake off, you should locate the nearest exit and an alterative exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you can reach (them) in the dark if ecessary” C: Fasten their seat belts before take-off is in the sentence “ You should fasten your seat belt low on your hips and as tightly as possible.”: So the best answer is D carry personal belongings in an emergency Inference questions Inference questions ask students to make a very small logical conclusion that is strongly implied based upon information in the passage Answer choices that require significant assumptions or inferences will NEVER be correct In inference questions, the answer lies directly in the text and requires a very small logical step Inference questions require us to draw a conclusion, based upon what the passage states explicitly This question type asks for an answer that is often a near paraphrase of a fact in the passage or a fact that the information in the passage rules out The answer to inference questions is a conclusion made in the passage Questions of this type will often contain words like “implied”, “suggested”, or “inferred” in the question prompt Common Question Stems: - The passage implies that…………… - It can be inferred from the passage that……… - The passage suggests which of the following about …… The correct answer to these questions is usually an obvious logical consequence of a sentence in the text It should be the last question they find the answer Students can the following steps: - Read all four answers and find key words in the questions - Skim the passage to find key words where in the passage - Finding the specific sentence in the passage that provides the premise for the conclusion in the correct answer It is quite difficult - Eliminate the incorrect answers, answer choices that not directly and closely follow from a statement in the passage, even if this statement seems plausible based upon the general idea of the passage or commonly accepted knowledge For example (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 10 (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education In the American colonies there was little money England did not supply the colonies with coins and did not allow the colonies to make their own coins, except for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade: America was forced to trade only with England if it did not have the money to buy products from other countries The result during this pre-revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used substitutes for money The colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain Dutch, Spanish, French, and English coins were all in use in the American colonies. During the Revolutionary War, funds were needed to finance the world, so each of the individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war, almost no one would accept it As a result, trade in goods and the use of foreign coins still flourished during this period. By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary system was in a state of total disarray To remedy this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed Congress to issue money The individual states could no longer have their own money supply A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic standard In this bimetallic system, both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one. Question: It is implied in the passage that at the end of the Revolutionary War, a paper dllar was worth………………………… A. exactly one dollar C. just under one dollar B. just over one dollar D. almost nothing =>The key word in the questions are “a paper dollar”, “worth” we can see them in the sentence: “So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war, almost no one would accept it” Basing on the clue we can easily find the correct answer D almost nothing Reference questions In a reference question, students are asked what the highlighted word refers to This type of question is often given with pronouns such as “he, she, it, …” or “his, her, our, …” and “this, that, …” If it's a pronoun then students need to identify what word the pronoun is replacing Common Question Stem: The word “x” in the passage refers to…… To find out the answer for this question Students should implement the following steps: - Read the question and the answer choices (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 11 (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education - Skim in the passage to find the word which is replaced in the question - Read the sentence which has the word replaced and the sentences right before carefully, then find the word phrases are given in the answer choices - Eliminate the answers which are certainly wrong and choose the correct answer For example During the Revolutionary War, funds were needed to finance the world, so each of the individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war, almost no one would accept it As a result, trade in goods and the use of foreign coins still flourished during this period. Question: The pronoun “it” in paragraph refers to which of the following A. The Continental Congress B. Trade in goods C. The War D. Paper money => In the question, the pronoun is “it” and we find the sentence “So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war, almost no one would accept it.” Basing on the clue we can find the correct answer D Paper money *Vocabulary questions Vocabulary questions are among the easier ones in the reading comprehension section Basically, vocabulary questions ask students to find the meaning of a common word as employed in a particular context These words are usually bold or underlined to help students see them easily in the passage Below are some common stems: - The word “x” is closest in meaning to… - The phrase "x" in the passage mostly means… - What is the meaning of the word…? - Which of the following words could best replace the word ? - Which of the following is most probably the meaning of…? Vocabulary questions or vocabulary in context questions will tell students where the word is located in the passage This area of the passage surrounding the word is called the context Context clues are the words, phrases, and sentences that surround the word students not know Many sentences and paragraphs contain enough information for them to use the clues that the writer has left to figure out the meanings of many words students not know when they have to choose the correct meaning of a word, it is helpful to follow these steps: - Read the sentence that the word is in (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 12 (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education - Read sentence right before and the sentence right after to find the evidences - Notice how the word is used in the sentence, and plug in the answer choices to see which one works best Example Self-motivation refers to strong emotional self-control, which enables a person to get moving and pursue worthy goals, persist at tasks even when frustrated, and resist the temptation to act on impulse Resisting impulsive behavior is, according to Goleman, "the root of all emotional self-control." * Question The word "pursue" in paragraph mostly means A find out about something B be involved in something C try to achieve something D improve or develop something => When we read the sentence containing "pursue" word and the sentence after, we can decide the best anwer is C try to achieve something because there are “enable” and “goal” which are related to “achieve” verb in C choice The other choices are not appropriate 2.3.3 Reading Comprehension Test Sample (from the illustrative English test for the National Secondary Education) Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Most people need some preparation before they are ready for the workforce, and planning should begin long before it is time to start a career Many high school students don't yet know what they want to High school is a great time to start thinking about careers Settling on just one occupation in high school isn't necessary, but they should know how to explore careers and put time into investigating them and learning about their skills and interests Understanding what you enjoy what you are good at is the first step in exploring careers It is important to think about what you like to because work will eventually be a big part of your life Once you have thought about the subjects and activities you like best, the next step is to look for careers that put those interests to use If you love sports, for example, you might consider a career as a gym teacher, or coach Another approach to identifying potential career interests is to consider local employers and the types of jobs they have There are many jobs in manufacturing and healthcare near the high school Talking directly to workers can help you get information about what they If you don't know workers in occupations that interest you, ask people such as your parents, friends, or teacher for their contacts If job shadowing give you taste of what an occupation is like, imagine how helpful getting experience could be Students can begin getting career- (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 13 (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education related experiences in high school through internships, employment, and other activities Completing an internship is an excellent way to get experience Internships are temporary, supervised assignments designed to give student practical job training Question 1: Which could be the best title for the passage? A The best time to start thinking about careers B Career planning for high school student C How to get a job in a local company D Part time job for high school students Question 2: The word “them” in paragraph refers to _ A careers B career-related experiences B careers C high school students D students' interests Question 3: High school is a great time for students to _ A identify their skills and interests B get ready for the workforce C decide their future job or career D start their careers as soon as they can Question 4: The benefit of investigating the subjects and activities you like best is that _ A you can learn about yourself and your interests B you can whatever you want before start work C you can easily choose the suitable career path D you can put your interests into activities at school Question 5: The word “manufacturing” in paragraph means _ A producing goods B studying medicine C selling foods and drinks D designing things Question 6: The word “internships” in paragraph is CLOSEST in meaning to _ A sponsorships B traineeships C part time employees D volunteers Question 7: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the way to identify career interests? A talking with your parents, friends, or teachers about careers B investigating the local employers and the types of jobs they offer C studying the subjects and activities you like best D having contacts with workers in the sector you are interested in Detail answers are shown by the following questions: Question Main idea question The detail questions help students to find the main idea of the passge correctly.They can identify easily the correct answer “ A The best time to start thinking about careers” after reading the first sentence “ Most people need some preparation before they are ready for the workforce, and planning should begin long before it is time to start a career.”, Because what the author mention in this sentence is “ the time” Moreover, this word is repeated in the paragraphes after So the correct answer is A (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 14 (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education Question 2: Reference question Students should read carefully the sentence: “Settling on just one occupation in high school isn't necessary, but they should know how to explore careers and put time into investigating them and learning about their skills and interests.” The word “them” is replaced “careers”, so the correct answer is B Question Stated detail question The key words of question are “high school”, “a geat time for students” These key words are found in the sentences of the second paragraph Reading carefully these sentences: “Settling on just one occupation in high school isn't necessary, but they should know how to explore careers and put time into investigating them and learning about their skills and interests.” So A is the correct answer Question Stated detail question “benefit”, “subjects and activities you like best” are the key words for this question Skiming the passage, we can see these key words in the third paragraph Then scanning this paragraph we can find the sentences: “Understanding what you enjoy what you are good at is the first step in exploring careers It is important to think about what you like to because work will eventually be a big part of your life” So we can find the answer for this question is C Question Vocabulary question We read the sentence “There are many jobs in manufacturing and healthcare near the high school Talking directly to workers can help you get information about what they do” This the only appropriate answer is A producing goods Question Vocabulary question In the sentence: “Students can begin getting career-related experiences in high school through internships, employment, and other activities Completing an internship is an excellent way to get experience”, which tells us that the only approciate word is B traineeships Question Unstated detail question We should read carefully the sentences: - Another approach to identifying potential career interests is to consider local employers and the types of jobs they have - It is important to think about what you like to because work will eventually be a big part of your life Once you have thought about the subjects and activities you like best, the next step is to look for careers that put those interests to use - Talking directly to workers can help you get information about what they If you don't know workers in occupations that interest you, ask people such as your parents, friends, or teacher for their contacts So the only appropriate answer is A talking with your parents, friends, or teachers about careers (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 15 (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education 2.4 The effect of initiative experience for educational activities, with myself, the colleagues and the school Indead, the abow stratergies are very helpful I myself have achieved some very positive results They help my students find out the correct answers for any reading comprehension passage in a short time Furthermore, After teaching these strategies to them, students took the reading part more actively As a result, the number of the correct answers in this part increases considerably Real numbers are shown by the following table: Grade Total approximately approximately students 16 questions 12 questions number % number % 12B 45 9% 11% 12Đ 32 6% 13% 12M 43 9% 14% approximately questions number % 12 27% 12 38% 20 47% Under questions number % 24 53% 14 43% 13 30% With the results achieved, I boldly introduced my strategies to my colleagues in the professional group, the colleagues in the group are very supportive Therefore, I continue to apply in the 2019-2020 school year These days, it can be said that the scores of reading comprehension part has improved significantly (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 16 (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education Conclusion and requests 3.1 Conclusion At the beginning of the initiative, my students had a lack of understanding and practice in reading comprehension tests strategies to get more marks in the GCSE However, after a few years of applying the initiative, there was an improvement in their success The results of teaching above strategies gave me the confidence about how to integrate the strategies into my curriculum As for the students; they developed a better understanding of the strategies and their scores in reading comprehension tests have improved The initiative was a productive experience; now that I have seen an increased understanding of reading comprehension strategies and an improvement in reading comprehension tests scores of my students, I would like to continue using these strategies in my curriculum However, it is not easy to get the high scores in a reading comprehension test I hope that “Effective strategies for improving reading comprehension tests scores of grade 12 in the General Certificate of Secondary Education” can help partly the candidates who are preparing for the coming national secondary education exam as well as the students and the other teachers in their teaching and learning English process Because of time and energy is limited, I made sure to have many mising short problems, along with their small experience I hope colleagues have more experience than making sincere comments help me continue to build more effective lessons and apply my lessons for teaching more effectively 3.2 Requests 3.2.1 For the students The best way to improve students’ reading comprehension tests scores is through practice And the best way to practice is to read and read well This will motivate them to engage with the text and embrace the activity as part of their daily life (rather than just their study) As students practice and truly engage with their reading material, improvement will come naturally and having a good vocabulary, makes them understand the reading comprehension much easier 3.2.2 For the teachers Teachers should instruct students about how to use reading comprehension strategies and about how texts are organized in order to guide their thinking during reading, but when students are reading in these ways, they should be doing so with high-quality texts, the intellectual effort that such reading requires Similarly, it is not enough that students practice strategic reading, but they also must come away with new knowledge from what they read (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 17 (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education Principal’s confirmation Thanh Hoa, July 4th 2020 I assure this is my idea report, not copy others’ content Written by Nguyễn Thị Tuyến (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 18 (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education IV References The illustrative English test for the National Secondary Education Exam(2015)- the Ministry of Traning and Education Tests for the entrance examination for students in groups A1 and D (20122013, 2013-2104)- the Ministry of Traning and Education Practise your reading skills – Hanoi National University Reading - Hanoi National University Tips and trategies for reading comprehension- on the internet (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 19 (SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education(SKKN.moi.NHAT).effective.strategies.for.improving.reading.comprehension.tests.scores.of.grade.12.in.the.general.certificate.of.secondary.education EDUCATION AND TRAINING DEPARTMENT OF THANH HOA HA TRUNG HIGH SCHOOL INITIATIVE EXPERIENCE EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING READING COMPREHENSION TESTS SCORES OF GRADE 12 IN THE GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Full name: Nguyễn Thị Tuyến Position: Teacher Subject: English THANH HOA, 2020 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