(LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ) An analysis of lexical cohesion of English and Vietnamese economic news discourse

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ TUYẾT AN ANALYIS OF LEXICAL COHESION OF ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE ECONOMIC NEWS DISCOURSE Phân tích phương tiện liên kết từ vựng diễn ngôn tin kinh tế Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt M.A MINOR THESIS FIELD: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS CODE: 60.22.15 HA NOI - 2010 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS PART A: INTRODUCTION I Rationale of the study II Scope of the study III Aims of the study IV Research questions V Research Methods VI Organization of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND I.1 Discourse and discourse analysis I.1.1 Discourse Analysis I.1.2 Discourse and Text I.1.3 Spoken and written discourse I.2 Discourse Context I.2.1 Context I.2.2 Context of situation I.3 Cohesion & Coherence I.3.1 Cohesion vs Coherence I.3.2 Cohesive devices 9 10 I.3.2.1 Grammatical cohesion 10 I.3.2.2 Lexical cohesion 12 I.4 Register and genre 13 I.4.1 Register 13 I.4.1.1 Field 14 I.4.1.2 Mode 14 I.4.1.3 Tenor 14 I.4.2 Genre I.5 Economic news discourse 15 15 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER II: A COMPARISON OF LEXICAL COHESION IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE ECONOMIC NEWS DISCOURSE 17 II.1 Frequency of occurrence of two major types of lexical cohesion 17 II.2 Reiteration 18 II.2.1 Repetition 19 II.2.2 Synonym 25 II.2.3 Antonym 28 II.2.4 Superordinate/ Meronymy 31 II.2.4.1 Superordinate 31 II.2.4.2 Meronymy 33 II.3 Collocation 34 PART C: CONCLUSIONS 40 I Conclusions 40 II Limitations of the study 40 III Implications for teachers and EFL learners 40 III.1 Implications for teaching and learning ESP 40 III.2 Implications for teaching and learning translation 41 IV Recommendations for further studies 42 REFERENCES 43 APPENDICES TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Frequency of occurrence and percentage of contribution of two major types of lexical cohesion in English and Vietnamese ……… 17 economic news Table 2: Frequency of occurrence and percentage of contribution of sub-categories of reiteration in English and Vietnamese economic news ……… 18 Table 3: Frequency of occurrence and percentage of contribution of sub- categories of repetition……… ……… 20 Table 4: Frequency of occurrence and percentage of contribution of subtypes of antonym ……………………………………………………… ……… 29 Table 5: Frequency of occurrence and percentage of contribution of subtypes of lexical collocation………………………………………… ……… 36 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse PART I: INTRODUCTION I Rationale of the study Nowadays, the need of international communication has been increasing rapidly and English is regarded as a predominant means of international communication, particularly in transferring written information Most of magazines, newspapers, internet sites, etc of both English speaking countries and non-English speaking countries are published, exchanged in English Vietnam is not an exception Lexical competence is indispensable part of communicative competence because it indicates the ability to use language in different contexts Lexis helps to make texts coherent and cohesive by establishing grammatical and lexico-grammatical relations Actually, knowing how to select appropriate vocabulary to deal with specific topics in specific genres means knowing how to create coherent and cohesive texts This can be achieved by utilizing lexical cohesive devices Hoey (1991) claims that ―lexical cohesion is the single most important form of cohesion, accounting for something like forty percent of cohesion ties in text‖[28] and that ―various lexical relationships between the different sentences making up a text provide a measure of the cohesiveness of the text The centrality and importance to the text of any particular sentence within the text will be determined by the number of lexical connections that sentences have to other sentences in the text‖ [31] As a learner, a teacher, and a beginning researcher of English, the author would like to choose An analysis of lexical cohesion of English and Vietnamese Economic news discourse as the topic of this study with the hope to deeply understand how lexical cohesion is achieved in economic news discourse and the importance of lexical cohesion in English and Vietnamese in general and in economic news discourse in particular Studying and analyzing economic news discourse is of the author‘s high interest because (i) economic news is widely available and easily accessible data that provide rich sources for research, studying, teaching and learning (ii) economic news discourse not only represents speech communities' use of and attitudes towards languages but also influences them (iii) economic news helps us to understand a lot about social meanings and stereotypes embedded in, produced and reproduced through discourse and TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse communication Through reading economic news we can also learn more about other nations in cultural side (iv) coherence and cohesion in general and lexical cohesion in particular play such an important role in understanding economic news discourse because of their function of binding texts together by creating sequences of meaning II Scope of the study Within the framework of a minor M.A thesis, the present study will not take up all items involved in cohesion The writer will focus only on lexical cohesion of English and Vietnamese Economic News discourse taken from some mainstream newspapers The comparison between lexical cohesion in English and Vietnamese economic news discourse will reveal the similarities and differences between these two languages It is hoped that this study will help the teachers and students to gain an insight into the use of lexical cohesive devices in English and Vietnamese economic news III Aims of the study The inter-related aims of this thesis are: (i) to make comparative analysis of lexical cohesion between English and Vietnamese economic news discourse to help readers surmount difficulties in using and understanding the lexical cohesive devices (ii) to figure out how these cohesive devices are used in English and Vietnamese economic news discourse (iii) to give a systematic and comprehensive description of lexical cohesion features in English and Vietnamese (iv) to help the teachers and students to gain an insight into the use of lexical cohesive devices in English and Vietnamese economic news IV Research questions In order to analyse lexical cohesion of English and Vietnamese in economic news the thesis raises a question “What are the similarities and differences between the use of lexical cohesive devices in English and Vietnamese economic news discourse?” This research question will be clarified by three other sub-questions as follows: (i) How is lexical cohesion via lexical devices realized in English and Vietnamese economic news discourses? (ii) What are the most frequently used lexical cohesive devices in English and Vietnamese economic news discourses? TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (iii)What are the overall features of English and Vietnamese economic news discourse in terms of lexical cohesion? V Research Methods Research methods of description, analysis and statistics in linguistics have been used to fulfill the objectives of the study Specifically, document analysis is the primary research method used in this study, which focuses on analysis of lexical cohesion in the economic news Halliday and Hasan‘s(1976) model is mainly adopted to identify lexical cohesive ties in the data Yet, the definition and classification of lexical cohesive ties are carefully explained and illustrated The data for the present analysis have been selected from mainstream newspapers written in English including Economics, Real Life Economics, The Times, Times online, The Sunday Times, The Wall Street Journal… and Vietnamese such as Thời Báo Kinh Tế Việt Nam, Tiền Phong, Người Lao Động, Thanh niên, Kinh tế Tài Thị trường Chứng khoán, … The study aims at collecting ten pieces of English economic news and ten pieces of Vietnamese ones written by different journalists All lexical cohesive ties in these news discourses are picked up, the type of lexical cohesive devices are noted However, only outstanding examples are used to illustrate, the percentages of various type of lexical cohesion in each language are calculated and the results are compared and contrasted within and between text groups of the same genre in both English and Vietnamese VI Organization of the study The thesis consists of three parts, references and appendices PART I: INTRODUCTION This part presents rationale, scope, and objectives of the study Research methods, research questions and organization of the thesis are also given clearly in this part PART II: DEVELOPMENT This is the focus of the study which consists of two chapters CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND This chapter provides fundamental and theoretical concepts related to the purpose of the study It deals with theories of discourse, discourse analysis, coherence and cohesion, register and discourse genre TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse APPENDIX II English economic news sample with analysis of lexical reiteration Barclays raises contactless card limit (1) (The Times March 4, 2010) Barclays is increasing the value of transactions customers can make using its contactless payment cards to £15, the bank announced today (2) Contactless cards enable customers to make purchases in shops without the need to enter a pin or insert the card into a terminal (3) Instead, the contactless card is "tapped" on to a symbol on the front of a terminal for a couple of seconds (4) The group said it had decided to raise the existing £10 limit following demand from customers and retailers (5) Barclays, which introduced the first contactless payment card in the UK through its Barclaycard subsidiary in 2007, has over six million contactless enabled cards in issue in the UK (6) Since March last year it has been giving contactless payment cards to its current account holders as standard (7) For other types of payment the cards still operate as normal debit and credit cards with chip and pin security (8) Brian Cunnington, head of debit cards for Barclays, said: ―Contactless technology is undoubtedly the future of payments and we are seeing it grow hugely in popularity.‖ (9) More than two years after the first customers were issued with contactless cards, it is the right time for the industry limit to increase to £15, in line with demand from customers and retailers alike (10) The new higher limit gives customers the flexibility of paying for even more transactions quickly, securely and conveniently via a contactless payment card and will lead to more retailers implementing the technology (11) People can now use contactless payment cards at more than 20,000 payment terminals across the UK, including at Pret A Manger, Caffè Nero and Krispy Kreme, as well as at thousands of independent retailers (12) However, contactless payment cards have not been welcomed by everyone (13) TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse Sentence No Lexical Type Presupposed Corresponding items sentences reiteration items Barclays Rep Barclays Is increasing Syn Raises The bank Sup/ mer Barclays Contactless Rep contactless cards payment cards customers Rep Customers enter Syn Insert 3 the card Rep Contactless cards The contactless Rep card Contactless cards a terminal Rep a terminal The group Sup/Mer The bank To raise Rep1 Raises customers Ant Retailers Barclays Rep Barclays contactless Rep contactless payment card payment cards the UK Rep the UK 6 contactless Sup/ Mer contactless enabled cards contactless payment cards Rep payment cards contactless payment cards account holders Syn customers the cards Rep contactless payment cards debit cards Rep Debit cards Barclays Rep Barclays TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse said Rep Said 10 customers Rep customers 10 Were issued Rep Issue 10 contactless Rep contactless cards cards 10 To increase Rep1 Is increasing 10 demand Rep1 Demand 10 to increase Rep is increasing 10 customers Rep customers 10 retailers Rep Retailers 10 limit Rep Limit 11 limit Rep Limit 10 11 gives Has been giving 11 transactions Rep transactions 11 customers Rep customers 10 11 contactless Rep contactless payment card payment cards 11 retailers Rep Retailers 10 11 the technology Rep Contactless technology 12 People Sup/ Mer customers 10 12 contactless Rep contactless payment cards 12 Payment payment cards Rep terminal terminal 12 the UK Rep the UK 12 retailers Rep Retailers 11 13 contactless Rep contactless 12 payment cards 13 everyone payment cards Sup/ Mer customers 11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse APPENDIX III Vietnamese economic news sample with analysis of lexical reiteration Trung Quốc thâm hụt thương mại lần đầu năm (1) ….(Thời Báo Kinh Tế Việt Nam, ngày 15 tháng 3, 2010) Cán cân thương mại Trung Quốc đảo chiều tháng 3/2010 (2) Đây thâm hụt thương mại theo tháng nước vòng năm qua, Tổng cục Hải quan Trung Quốc cho biết hôm 9/4 (3) Tân Hoa xã dẫn báo cáo Tổng cục Hải quan Trung Quốc cho biết, thâm hụt thương mại tháng nước 7,24 tỷ USD (4) Cụ thể, kim ngạch xuất hàng hóa dịch vụ Trung Quốc tháng báo cáo tăng 24,3% so với kỳ năm 2009, lên 112,11 tỷ USD (5) Trong khi, nhập lại tăng tới 66%, lên 119,35 tỷ USD (6) Tính chung tháng đầu năm, Trung Quốc đạt thặng dư thương mại 14,49 tỷ USD (7) Tuy nhiên, so với quý 1/2009, thặng dư thương mại quốc gia giảm mạnh tới 76,7% (8) Thặng dư thương mại Trung Quốc thu hẹp vài tháng qua nhu cầu nội địa tăng mạnh khiến nhập tăng trưởng nhanh xuất (9) Tổng kim ngạch xuất nhập Trung Quốc quý 1/2010 617,85 tỷ USD, tăng 44,1% so với kỳ năm 2009 (10) Riêng tháng 3, xuất nhập nước 231,46 tỷ USD, tăng 42,8% (11) Trước đó, hơm 23/3, báo chí Trung Quốc dẫn lời Thủ tướng Ôn Gia Bảo cho hay, thâm hụt thương mại nước tỷ USD (12) Sentence No Lexical reiteration type Presupposed items Corresponding items sentences Trung Quốc Rep Trung Quốc thâm hụt thương mại Rep thâm hụt thương mại Rep lần đầu nước Sup/ Trung Quốc năm mer vòng năm Rep TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse Tổng cục Hải quan Rep Trung Quốc thâm hụt thương mại Tổng cục Hải quan Trung Quốc Rep thâm hụt thương mại Trung Quốc Rep Trung Quốc báo cáo Rep báo cáo nhập Ant xuất Tăng Rep Tăng Trung Quốc Rep Trung Quốc thặng dư thương mại Ant thâm hụt thương mại so với Rep so với quý Syn tháng đầu năm thặng dư thương mại thặng dư thương mại quốc gia Sup/ Trung Quốc mer quốc gia Syn nước giảm Ant tăng Thặng dư thương Rep Thặng dư thương mại mại Trung Quốc Rep Trung Quốc thu hẹp Syn giảm Tăng Rep tăng nhập Rep nhập tăng trưởng Rep tăng 9 xuất Rep xuất 10 Trung Quốc Rep Trung Quốc quý 1/2009 Ant quý 1/2010 10 10 Tăng Rep Tăng 10 so với Rep so với TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse 10 kỳ năm 2009 Rep kỳ năm 2009 11 tháng Rep tháng 11 nước Rep nước 11 Tăng Rep tăng 10 12 Trung Quốc Rep Trung Quốc 12 12 dẫn Rep dẫn 12 thâm hụt thương mại Rep thâm hụt thương mại 12 nước Rep nước 11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse APPENDIX IV Number of occurrence of lexical collocation in English economic news Text number Co1 Co2 Co3 Text Text Text 3 Text Text Text Text Text 3 Text Text 10 Total 36 28 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.analysis.of.lexical.cohesion.of.English.and.Vietnamese.economic.news.discourse