(LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ) An Investigation into culrural elements via linguistic means in New Headway textbooks

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES *************** NGUYỄN THỊ THÚY HẰNG AN INVESTIGATION INTO CULTURAL ELEMENTS VIA LINGUISTIC MEANS IN NEW HEADWAY TEXTBOOKS (Nghiên cứu yếu tố văn hóa thơng qua phương tiện ngơn ngữ giáo trình New Headway) M.A Minor Programme Thesis FIELD: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS CODE: 60.22.15 HÀ NỘI – 2010 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES *************** NGUYỄN THỊ THÚY HẰNG AN INVESTIGATION INTO CULTURAL ELEMENTS VIA LINGUISTIC MEANS IN NEW HEADWAY TEXTBOOKS (Nghiên cứu yếu tố văn hóa thơng qua phương tiện ngơn ngữ giáo trình New Headway) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS FIELD: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS CODE: 60.22.15 SUPERVISOR: PHAN THỊ VÂN QUYÊN, M.A HÀ NỘI – NĂM 2010 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Declaration i Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii Table of contents iv List of tables vi PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale Aims of the study Research question Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: Theoretical Background 1.1 Culture 1.2 Elements of Culture 1.2.1 British Culture 1.2.2 American Culture 10 1.3 Language 11 1.4 Interrelationship between Language and Culture………………………………….12 1.5 Cultural dimension of English language learning and teaching………………… 14 Chapter 2: Methodology 17 2.1 Materials under investigation…………………………………………………… 17 2.2 The context of the study………………………………………………………… 18 2.3 Research question………………………………………………………………….19 2.4 Research methods ……….……………………………………………………… 20 2.5 Data collection procedures……………………………………………………… 20 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com v Chapter 3: Findings and Discussions 21 3.1 Identifications of British cultural elements in New Headway textbooks .21 3.1.1 Norms……………………………………………………………………………21 3.1.2 Values 22 3.1.3 Attitudes 23 3.1.4 Communication styles 26 3.1.5 Discussion……………………………………………………………………… 28 3.2 Identifications of American cultural elements in New Headway textbooks………31 3.2.1 Norms 32 3.2.2 Values ……………………………………………………………………………32 3.2.3 Attitudes 33 3.2.4 Communication styles………………………………………………………… 34 3.2.5 Discussion 34 PART C: CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….36 Conclusions 36 Implications for incorporating culture teaching into English language teaching……39 Limitations of the study and suggestions for further study 40 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………… 42 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The frequency of occurrence of British cultural elements in New Headway textbooks Table 2: The frequency of occurrence of American cultural elements in New Headway textbooks Table 3: The comparison of frequency of occurrence between British and American cultural elements in New Headway Textbooks TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks PART A: INTRODUCTION This part consists of rationale, aims of the study, research question, scope of the study, methods of the study and design of the study Rationale As we know, language and culture are interdependent and interactional Culture affects the way language is used and language may reflect many factors of culture in turn In addition, what is right one culture may not be accepted in another culture As people from one country to another , cultural differences become apparent to them Bentahila, A and Davies, E (1998:99-111) when discussing culture and language use have come to the conclusion that if learners not acquire some familiarity with the cultural norms of native speakers of their target language, they will meet difficulties in communicating these ones Thus, cultural knowledge is obviously a vital key for Vietnamese students for success in learning English because second language learning is second culture learning Without the study of culture, foreign language instruction is inaccurate and incomplete Clearly, if you not understand about culture of a community, you cannot understand and express fully meanings in the context of that communication; therefore you will not be able to gain a successful communication English – the popular language in international communication, has played a crucial role in many fields It has been taught in Vietnam for decades Nowadays, English has become a compulsory subject in schools, colleges and universities in Vietnam Therefore, different kinds of English teaching and learning materials are available now in Vietnam However, the main emphasis on structural rules and forms often serves as the principal method of teaching English Most Vietnamese teachers tend to focus on teaching grammar, vocabulary, language skills without paying much attention to cultural background knowledge The students may get difficulties in achieving contextual, situational and cultural appropriateness in communication For foreign language students, language study seems meaningless if they know nothing about the people who speak that language or the country in which that language is spoken Foreign language learning is also foreign culture learning So, language learners need to be aware, for example, of the culturally appropriate ways to address people, make requests or invitations, suggestions or express gratitude to someone, etc To communicate successfully, language TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks learners need to understand that language use must be associated with other culturally appropriate behavior Understanding a language involves not only knowledge of grammar, phonology and lexis but also of certain features and characteristics of the culture For the aforementioned reasons, the author has decided to choose “Cultural Elements via Linguistic Means in New Headway Textbooks” as the topic for this thesis Aims of the study This research was carried out to serve the following purposes: - To identify British and American cultural elements revealed in the New Headway Textbooks ( at Elementary, pre-intermediate, and Intermediate levels ) - To raise the teachers‟ and students‟ awareness of the importance of cultural knowledge in cross-cultural communication as well as in mastering English language - To give suggestions for incorporating culture teaching into language teaching so that English learning and teaching become more interesting and effective Research question This research is carried out to find the answer to the research question: What are the cultural elements that can be found in New Headway Textbooks? Scope of the study - Pointing out British and American cultural elements revealed in the New Headway Textbooks such as norms, values, attitudes and communication styles - New Headway Textbooks at Elementary, Pre-intermediate, and Intermediate levels are under investigation Methods of the study - This study used quantitative method in order to quantify British and American cultural elements such as norms, values, attitudes and communication styles in New headway Textbooks - Data was collected by means of descriptive analysis and statistic TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks 38 revealed from to units (2.5% of understatement, 7.5% of humour and 10% of formality & informality) but there is no unit mentioning these communication styles of American British attitudes are expressed more prominently than American attitudes Attitudes of British are revealed the second highest percentage, after communication styles, (55%) There are 22/40 units mentioning attitudes of British while there is only one unit describing attitudes of American, 2.5% The British prominent attitudes are entertainment (25%), the love of nature (15%) and the love of animals (15%) meanwhile American prominent attitude is the food (2.5%) Other attitudes of British such as meals (10%), drink (10%), food (7.5%) and dresses (5%) occur in the textbooks but those attitudes of American are not expressed, except food The British values which are revealed in 16 units, (40%) while there are only units expressing American values, (22.5%) According to the statistic from identifying British and American cultural elements in three textbooks, British values are thirdly ranked, after communication styles and attitudes whereas American values are firstly ranked of four cultural elements Both British and American, the most prominent values are hard work, individualism & privacy and freedom There are units describing British values of self-reliance & independence (7.5%) and units expressing British equality (5%) while those values of American are not found in the textbooks The American value of materialism is also expressed in one unit but no unit mentions this value of British British norms occur more frequently than American norms There are units mentioning British norms but there are only units expressing American norms British norms are revealed such as non-verbal behaviour, gift giving etiquettes, queuing, driving, table mannesr and punctuality while American norms revealed are table manners, punctuality and invitations There are units describing non-verbal behaviour and punctuality of British, units for gift giving etiquettes, driving, table mannesr of British and one unit for queuing of British British cultural norms are lastly ranked whereas American cultural norms is secondly ranked, after values There are units expressing table manners of American; unit for punctuality and norm of invitation of American All cultural elements spread in the New Headway textbooks from Elementary, Preintermediate level to intermediate level regularly However, not all cultural characteristics are mentioned in these textbooks The author can only points out cultural elements revealed in these textbooks It is obvious that these course books are not cultural material TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks 39 sources but we can recognize that every text, conversation or activity contains cultural contents which is very vital to master English language the best With the large cultural knowledge, the learners of English foreign language will know how to behave or communicate better and may gain English language more easily and effectively In short, culture is really vital in teaching and learning English foreign language, especially with the communicative textbooks “New Headway” So, both the teachers and students must have certain knowledge about the English speaking cultures in general and British, American cultures in particular With the popular cultural knowledge, the students can understand more deeply about their native culture and avoid the potential misunderstanding Then, enriching cultural knowledge by integrating cultures into language learning and teaching is quite vital It would be hopeful that with the author‟s study, the students of Nghe an tourism and trading vocational college could learn English through the New Headway textbooks efficiently and become good cross-cultural communicators Implications for incorporating culture teaching into English language teaching As mentioned above, teaching and learning a second language is teaching and learning second culture It is essential to learn it right when we start to learn a language Hence, good methods for integrating culture teaching into English language teaching need to be focused and discussed, especially when teaching the communicative course books “New Headway” for students of Nghe an tourism and trading vocational college It is the foreign language teachers‟ responsibility to find practical solutions to this problem to integrate culture teaching into their language teaching in one way or another First of all, the teachers should provide the students with the knowledge of English speaking cultures which are considered the effective means of mastering English language and gaining good communication In other words, the teachers should raise the students‟ awareness and attitudes of the importance of culture in learning English and make sure that the knowledge of culture which students are exposed to is most benefit to them For examples, teachers should first invoke interest and curiosity about the target culture Then, they should enhance their students to recognize the fact that social factors like age, gender, social class, and ethnicity influence how people use the language Teachers also need TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks 40 help their students understand why people of the target culture choose to behave in certain ways in certain situations Secondly, the teachers ought to help the students understand more about the cultural values and be aware of cultural differences It means the students may be pointed out whether certain behaviors, attitudes, lifestyles, etc are appropriate in English, American or Vietnamese cultures in certain situations From that, students may relate to the native culture and give a comparison between English speaking cultures and the native culture For example, after giving instructions about norm of driving of British, the teacher asks students to relate to Vietnamese‟s Or what will you take when you are invited to someone‟s home if you are in Britain, in America or in Vietnam? Subsequently, the teachers need to plan the cultural lessons and activities as carefully as language activities and integrated into lesson plans If the cultural lessons are prepared carefully, they will transfer fully cultural knowledge to their students Lastly, when teaching New Headway textbooks, the teachers are advised to create chances of social interactions for students because one of the best ways to teach social English is by social situations Through the texts or activities, the teachers may help students recognize which behaviors are accepted in British and American For example, the teachers ask students to imagine some situations and give solutions such as: - Which topics you talk about when chatting with the strangers? Obviously, the British often talk much about the weather, but American often talk much about geography - What time should you expect your foreign business colleagues to arrive when you have arranged a meeting at seven o‟clock? If they are American, they‟ll probably be 15 minutes early If they‟re British, they‟ll be 15 minutes late All in all, teaching English can not be separated from teaching its culture In order to help the students in general and the students of Nghe an tourism and trading vocational college in particular master English effectively via the textbooks “New Headway”, cultural elements should be highlighted by the teachers during the language lessons Also, it should be noted gradually that it is necessary to teach culture to the students so that they can overcome all difficulties or culture shock in real-life communication Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks 41 Despite the writer‟s great efforts, the study has shown many inevitable shortcomings and weaknesses due to the writer‟s incomplete knowledge of the field as well as limited ability of doing scientific work and some other objective factors such as limitation of time and reference materials relating to subject – matter under investigation So the further research should be done in the future This research has only investigated British and American cultural elements in New Headway textbooks Therefore, the writer‟s hope is to go further into in-depth investigations about the fact of English speaking cultures in the English classrooms and in daily cultural communication in order to master the deeper and broader cultural knowledge in Britain and America in particular and English speaking countries in general TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks 42 REFERENCES Bentahila, A and Davies, E (1989), Culture and Language Use: A problem for Language Teaching, In Iral, vol 27/2 Bock, P.K (1970), Culture Shock - A Reader in Modern Cultural Anthropology, Alfred A Knoft, Inc New York Brook, N (1968), Teaching Culture in the Foreign Language Classroom, Foreign Language Annals, Volumn 1, issue 3, March 1968 Brook, N (1983), Teaching Culture in the Foreign Language Classroom, Foreign Language Annals, Volumn 16, New York: ACTFL, Inc.,1983 Brown, H D (2000), Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, London: Longman, Pearson Education Limited Cakir, I (2006), Developing Cultural Awareness in Foreign Language Teaching, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 7, 3-12 Crowther, J (1999), Oxford guide to British and American Culture, Oxford: Oxford University Press Dell Hymes, (1964), Language in Culture and Society: A reader in linguistics and anthropology, New York: Harper and Row Do Mai Thanh & Dao Thu Trang, (2006), Introduction to Cross Cultural Communication Vietnam National University, Hanoi College of Foreign Languages English Department 10 Eli Hinkel, (1999), Culture in second Language Teaching and Learning Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 11 Englebert, (2004), Character or Culture? An EFL Journal, 24(2), 37-41 12 Esther wanning, ( 1999), Culture Shock: USA Graphic Arts Center Publishing Company Portland, Oregon 13 Geert Hofstede, (2001), Cultures Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations International Educational and Professional publisher: Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi 14 Hoang Thi Xuan Hoa, Cao Thi Tuong Minh, Nguyen Thi Minh, Nguyen Thi Bach Thao & Phung Ha Thanh, ( 2007), An introduction to American Studies Hanoi, 2007 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks 43 15 Hui Du, (2005), False Alarm or Real Warning? Implications for China of Teaching English, journal of Educational Enquiry, Vol 6,(1), 90-109, Information for Foreigners (n.d) Retrieved June 17, 2007 from http://iff.immigration.gov.tw/front/residence.php 16 James O‟Driscoll, (1995 ), Britain: The country and its people: An introduction for learners of English Oxford Oxford University Press 17 Karen Risager, ( 2006), Language and Culture: Global Flows and Local Complexity, Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto: Miltilingual Matters 18 Kramsch , C (1998), Language and culture Oxford, OX : Oxford University Press, 19 Kramsch , C (1993), Context and Culture in Language Teaching, Oxford University Press 20 Krasner, I (1999), The Role of Cultture in Language Teaching, Dialog on language Institution, 13 (1-2), pp.79-88 21 Kyperard, ( 1992), Culture Shock: Britain Great Britain 22 Larry, A Richard, E & Edwin, R ( 2007), Communications Between Cultures Thomson Wadsworth, Thomson Higher Education 23 Levine and Adelman, (1993), Beyond Language: Cross Cultural Communication, Second Edition Prentice Hall Regents 24 Mike Storry & Peter Childs, (1997), British Cultural Identities Liverpool John Moores University 25 Nguyen Quang, ( 1983), Intercultural Communication Vietnam National University - Hanoi College of Foreign Languages 26 Nguyen Quang, (2006), Lecture Notes – CCC For Uni EL Teachers, Vietnam National University – Hanoi 27 Nguyen Van Do, (2004), Tìm hiểu mối liên hệ Ngơn ngữ- Văn hóa, Hanoi VNUCFL 28 Nguyen Van Do, (2006), English Teaching to Vietnamese Through American Culture, Hội thảo khoa học Giáo viên khoa đào tạo chức, 29.6.2006, pp59-61 29 Nguyen Van Do, ( 2007), Language Culture and Society, Hanoi VNU-CFL 30 Peck, D (1998), Teaching Culture: Beyond Language, Yale: New Haven Teachers Institute TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks 44 31 Politzer, R (1959), Developing Cultural Understanding Through Foreign Language Study, Report of the Fifth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and language Teaching, pp 99-105, Washington, D.C, Georgetown University Press 32 Prodromou, L (1988), English as Cultural Action, EFT Journal, vol 42, No 2, pp 73- 83 33 Radford, A et al (2000), Linguistics: An Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 34 Robinson, G (1988), Cross-Cultural Understanding, New York: Prentice – Hall 35 Saville-Troike, M (1986), The Ethnography of Communication – An Introduction, Basil Backwell 36 Tomalin, B & Stempleski, S (1993), Cultural Awareness, Oxford: Oxford University Press 37 Valdes, J.M ( 1986), Culture Bound: Bridging the cultural gap in language teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 38 William B Gudykunst and Stella Ting-Toomey with Elizabeth Chua, (1988), Culture and Interpersonal Communication, Beverly Hills, Calif Sage Publications Websites: 39 USA (America) - Culture, Etiquette, Customs and Protocol http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/usa.html 40 British Culture, British Customs, British Traditions www.learnenglish.de/culture.htm#Bottom 41 Mexico City Declaration on Cultural Policies: UNESCO Culture Sector http://www.google.com.vn/search?hl=vi&q=UNESCO%3A+world+Conference +on+Culture+policies%2C+mexico+City%3A1982 42 Your Guide to British Life, Culture and Customs http://www.woodlandsjunior.kent.sch.uk/customs/questions/ 43 Zhang, X W & Yan, Y J (2008), Culture Influences on English Language Teaching, Retrieved October, 2008, from World Wide Web: http://culturequest.us/project tookit.htm.pdf TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.Investigation.into.culrural.elements.via.linguistic.means.in.New.Headway.textbooks