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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** PHẠM THỊ THU HÀ DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH PROJECT-BASED LEARNING PHÁT TRIỂN KỸ NĂNG NÓI CHO HỌC SINH QUA VIỆC HỌC THEO DỰ ÁN M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 HANOI - 2014 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** PHẠM THỊ THU HÀ DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH PROJECT-BASED LEARNING PHÁT TRIỂN KỸ NĂNG NÓI CHO HỌC SINH QUA VIỆC HỌC THEO DỰ ÁN M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Supervisor: Ph.D TÔ THỊ THU HƯƠNG HANOI - 2014 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com DECLARATION I hereby, certify the thesis named “Developing students’ speaking through Project-Based Learning is the result of my own work for the Minor Degree of Master of Arts at University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi The research has not been submitted for any degree at any other universities or institutions I agree that the origin of my thesis deposited in the library can be accessible for the purposes of study and research Hanoi-2014 Phạm Thị Thu Hà i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT In an attempt to develop English speaking skill for tenth-grade students at An Lao High School by using Project Based Learning, this research addressed two issues: (1) students’ attitudes toward the use of Project Based Learning in their English lessons; (2) the impacts of using PBL on students’ English speaking The instruments employed for data collection and analysis of the study included two tests and two questionnaires for the students, an interview with two teachers and the teacher’s journals Research findings showed that the students had positive attitudes towards the use of PBL in their English lessons It was also revealed that PBL was beneficial to help students improve their performance in speaking lessons Based on the findings, some implications would be given for both the teacher and the students With all these information, this study is expected to be useful to both teachers and students in teaching and learning English speaking skill ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my deepest thanks to Dr Tô Thị Thu Hương, my supervisor, for her invaluable support, guidance, and constructive comments Without her assistance and encouragement, this study would not have been accomplished I am also indebted to all of my lecturers at Post-Graduate Department for their valuable lectures on the aspects of my concern Finally, I would like to show my sincere thanks to all the authors listed in the references for their ideas in this field They have developed my thinking on doing this paper iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS % Percent CEFR Common European Framework of Reference for Languages CLT Communicative Language Teaching Approach PBL Project- Based Learning Ss Students T Teacher LIST OF CHARTS AND TABLES Chart 1: Using PBL has helped develop your English speaking skill 34 Table 1: Table 1: How is the grade calculated? …………………… 14 Table 2: The results of the pre-test………………………………… 14 Table 3: The results of the questionnaire concerning causes of the students’ low English proficiency ………………………………… 15 Table 4: The results of the post-test ………………………………… 32 Table 5: Students’ opinion of the optional lessons using ProjectBased Learning ……………………………………………………… 34 Table 6: The criteria of speaking skill have been improved by the students……………………………………………………………… 35 Table 7: Ss’ changes after taking part in the lessons using PBL…… 36 Table 8: The difficulties students encountered when carrying out their projects………………………………………………………… 37 iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration i Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii List of abbreviations and symbols iv List of charts, figures and tables iv Table of contents v PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale of the research Aims of the research Scope of the research Research questions Methodology 5.1 Definition 5.2 Reason for the use of action research 5.3 Action research design 5.4 Participants 5.5 Procedures PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Speaking skill 1.1.1 Definition of speaking 1.1.2 Functions of speaking 1.1.3 The importance of teaching speaking skill 1.2 Communicative Language Teaching 1.3 Project – Based Learning 1.3.1 Definitions of Project-Based Learning 1.3.2 Key features of Project- Based Learning 10 1.3.3 Teacher’s role in Project- Based Learning 11 1.3.4 Stages in project work 11 1.3.4.1 Stage 1: Speculation 11 1.3.4.2 Stage 2: Designing the project activities 11 v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 improve the students’ speaking very well The researcher explained to the students what PBL was before giving them the projects to complete based on the themes in the text book The students in group of carried out their projects then performed them in front of the class As demonstrated by the results of the study, the students gave positive response towards the implementation of PBL They gradually enjoyed the discussion and the performance based on what they had made There was also improvement in the students’ speaking skill Clearly, the study has given the answers to all research questions and achieved its aims Being aware of the fact that education is not offered with individual teaching methods, the author is willing to experiment with non-traditional teaching practices (PBL) as powerful tools for the achievement of teaching aims such as increased motivation, interest, and English speaking performance in the context of teaching English as a foreign language The study is also carried out in the hope that it would be beneficial for teachers of English who want to apply PBL in their language teaching In short, PBL is considered an appropriate strategy which is superior to other methods to develop students’ English speaking skill It should be an innovative aspect in English teaching and learning thanks to its benefits to students and teachers Limitations and suggestions for further research The study still has some limitations To begin with, the modest scale of the study only takes place in optional periods with a small number of students (40 students) Meanwhile, there is only one class for each grade at the author’s school which has one optional period per week If I meet the school’s curriculum, I cannot carry out the lessons with PBL for other classes due to the time limitation Besides, the researcher’s practical experience and knowledge of PBL is limited because this method is still very new to teachers Hopefully, these problems will be solved in the 40 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 future researches to see how effectively PBL works in language learning and teaching Implications for developing speaking skill through Project Based Learning Project Based Learning that was implemented towards small group discussion increased the student’s participation in the learning process Students interacted well in a small group before they performed in a big discussion In their small groups, the students managed to prepare their speech before they appeared in front of the class They were actively involved in the discussions, so their speaking skill improved Besides, as evidenced from the teacher’s journals and the results of the posttest, the students’ performance in their presentations was significantly improved through each project All criteria of English speaking ability met expectations This indicated that the implementation of Project Based Learning was successful 41 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 REFERENCES Brinia,V (2006) Experiential 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(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 12 Papandreou, A., P (1994) An application of the projects approach to EFL English teaching Forum, 32(3), 41-42 13 Parsons, R D., & Brown, K S (2002) Teacher as reflective practitioner and action researcher 14 Skehan, P (1998) A cognitive approach to language learning Oxford: Oxford University Press 15 Stoller, F L (2007) Project-based learning: An effective means for promoting purposeful language use In Selected Papers from the 16th International Symposium on English Teaching 16 Thomas, J.W (2000) A Review of the Research on Project-Based Learning The Autodesk Foundation 17 WBT The European Language Certificates Communication and Competence (retrieved from http://berkancitak.wikispaces.com/file/view/TELC) 43 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 APPENDICES Appendix 1: PRE-TRYING-OUT QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS The following questionnaire is conducted to find the causes of low English proficiency of the students in speaking skill Please circle the most appropriate options according to you Question 1: Are you afraid of speaking in front of the class? a Yes b No Questions 2: What are the reasons why you are afraid of speaking English in front of the class? You can choose more than one answer a bad pronunciation b lack of vocabulary c fear of mistakes d fear of other people's opinions e fear of speaking in public Question 3: What you think of the speaking activities in English speaking lessons? a boring b interesting Question 4: Do you work in groups actively in the English speaking lessons? a Yes b No Question 5: How often you practice speaking English in front of the class? a usually b sometimes c rarely I TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 Appendix 2: AN INTERVIEW WITH TWO TEACHERS The following interview is carried out to get the teachers’ opinions of the effectiveness of Project Based Learning in developing students' speaking skill Question 1: Do you usually use Project Based Learning in teaching English to your students? Why or Why not? Question 2: Are you satisfied with the students' performance in their presentations? Question 3: Do you think using Project Based Learning can develop students’ speaking skill? Question 4: Do you think about whether to apply Project Based Learning to your English teaching? II TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 Appendix 3: POST-TRYING-OUT QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS The following questionnaire is conducted to get students’ opinions of the effectiveness of Project Based Learning in developing students' speaking skill Please circle the most appropriate options according to you Question 1: What you think about the optional lessons using Project Based Learning? a too difficult b challenging but interesting c normal d too easy Question 2: Do you think using Project Based Learning in the lessons have developed your English speaking skill? a strongly agree b agree c I don't know d disagree e extremely disagree Question 3: Which criteria of speaking skill have you improved? a fluency b vocabulary c grammatical accuracy d pronunciation e interactive communication f all of a, b, c, d and e Question 4: What are your opinions of your own changes after taking part in the lessons using Project Based Learning? a strongly agree III TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).Developing.students’.speaking.skill.through.Project.Based.Learning.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.14.01.11
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