Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Approximation of Common Fixed Points of a Countable Family of Relatively Nonexpansive Mappings" docx

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Fixed Point Theory and Applications Volume 2010, Article ID 407651, 26 pages doi:10.1155/2010/407651 Research Article Approximation of Common Fixed Points of a Countable Family of Relatively Nonexpansive Mappings Daruni Boonchari 1 and Satit Saejung 2 1 Department of Mathematics, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand 2 Department of Mathematics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Correspondence should be addressed to Satit Saejung, saejung@kku.ac.th Received 22 June 2009; Revised 20 October 2009; Accepted 21 November 2009 Academic Editor: Tomonari Suzuki Copyright q 2010 D. Boonchari and S. Saejung. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We introduce two general iterative schemes for finding a common fixed point of a countable family of relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space. Under suitable setting, we not only obtain several convergence theorems announced by many authors but also prove them under weaker assumptions. Applications t o the problem of finding a common element of the fixed point set of a relatively nonexpansive mapping and the solution set of an equilibrium problem are also discussed. 1. Introduction and Preliminaries Let C be a nonempty subset of a Banach space E,andletT be a mapping from C into itself. When {x n } is a sequence in E, we denote strong convergence of {x n } to x ∈ E by x n → x and weak convergence by x n x. We also denote the weak ∗ convergence of a sequence {x ∗ n } to x ∗ in the dual E ∗ by x ∗ n ∗ x ∗ .Apointp ∈ C is an asymptotic fixed point of T if there exists {x n } in C such that x n pand x n − Tx n → 0. We denote FT and  FT by the set of fixed points and of asymptotic fixed points of T, respectively. A Banach space E is said to be strictly convex if x  y/2 < 1forx, y ∈ SE{z ∈ E : z  1} and x /  y.Itisalsosaidtobe uniformly convex if for each  ∈ 0, 2, there exists δ>0 such that x  y/2 < 1 − δ for x, y ∈ SE and x − y≥. The space E is said to be smooth if the limit lim t → 0  x  tx  −  x  t 1.1 2 Fixed Point Theory and Applications exists for all x, y ∈ SE. It is also said to be uniformly smooth if the limit exists uniformly in x, y ∈ SE. Many problems in nonlinear analysis can be formulated as a problem of finding a fixed point of a certain mapping or a common fixed point of a family of mappings. This paper deals with a class of nonlinear mappings, so-called relatively nonexpansive mappings introduced by Matsushita and Takahashi 1 . This t ype of mappings is closely related to the resolvent of maximal monotone operators see 2–4. Let E be a smooth, strictly convex and reflexive Banach space and let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of E. Throughout this paper, we denote by φ the function defined by φ  x, y    x  2 − 2  x, Jy     y   2 ∀x, y ∈ E, 1.2 where J is the normalized duality mapping from E to the dual space E ∗ given by the following relation: x, Jx   x  2   Jx  2 . 1.3 We know that if E is smooth, strictly convex, and reflexive, then the duality mapping J is single-valued, one-to-one, and onto. The duality mapping J is said to be weakly sequentially continuous if x n ximplies that Jx n ∗ Jxsee 5 for more details. Following Matsushita and Takahashi 6, a mapping T : C → E is said to be relatively nonexpansive if the following conditions are satisfied: R1 FT is nonempty; R2 φu, Tx ≤ φu, x for all u ∈ FT, x ∈ C; R3  FTFT. If T satisfies R1 and R2, then T is called relatively quasi-nonexpansive 7. Obviously, relative nonexpansiveness implies relative quasi-nonexpansiveness but the converse is not true. Relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings are sometimes called hemirelatively nonexpansive mappings. But we do prefer the former name because in a Hilbert space setting, relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings are nothing but quasi-nonexpansive. In 2, Alber introduced the generalized projection Π C from E onto C as follows: Π C  x   arg min y∈C φ  y, x  ∀x ∈ E. 1.4 If E is a Hilbert space, then φy, xy − x 2 and Π C becomes the metric projection of E onto C. Alber’s generalized projection is an example of relatively nonexpansive mappings. For more example, see 1, 8. In 2004, Masushita and Takahashi 1, 6 also proved weak and strong convergence theorems for finding a fixed point of a single relatively nonexpansive mapping. Several iterative methods, as a generalization of 1, 6, for finding a common fixed point of the family of relatively nonexpansive mappings have been further studied in 7, 9–14. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 3 Recently, a problem of finding a common element of the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem and the set of fixed points of a relatively nonexpansive mapping is studied by Takahashi and Zembayashi in 15, 16. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new iterative scheme which unifies several ones studied by many authors and to deduce the corresponding convergence theorems under the weaker assumptions. More precisely, many restrictions as were the case in other papers are dropped away. First, we start with some preliminaries which will be used throughout the paper. Lemma 1.1 see 7, Lemma 2.5. Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a strictly convex and smooth Banach space E and let T be a relatively quasi-nonexpansive mapping from C into itself. Then FT is closed and convex. Lemma 1.2 see 17,Proposition5. Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a smooth, strictly convex, and reflexive Banach space E.Then φ  x, Π C y   φ  Π C y, y  ≤ φ  x, y  1.5 for all x ∈ C and y ∈ E. Lemma 1.3 see 17. Let E be a smooth and uniformly convex Banach space and let r>0.Then there exists a strictly increasing, continuous, and convex function h : 0, 2r → R such that h00 and h    x − y    ≤ φ  x, y  1.6 for all x, y ∈ B r  {z ∈ E : z≤r}. Lemma 1.4 see 17,Proposition2. Let E be a smooth and uniformly convex Banach space and let {x n } and {y n } be sequences of E such that either {x n } or {y n } is bounded. If lim n →∞ φx n ,y n 0, then lim n →∞ x n − y n   0. Lemma 1.5 see 2. Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a smooth, strictly convex, and reflexive Banach s pace E,letx ∈ E, and let z ∈ C.Then z Π C x ⇐⇒  y − z, Jx − Jz  ≤ 0, ∀y ∈ C. 1.7 Lemma 1.6 see 18. Let E be a uniformly convex Banach space and let r>0. Then there exists a strictly increasing, continuous, and convex function g : 0, 2r → R such that g00 and   tx 1 − ty   2 ≤ t  x  2   1 − t    y   2 − t  1 − t  g    x − y    1.8 for all x, y ∈ B r and t ∈ 0, 1. We next prove the following three lemmas which are very useful for our main results. 4 Fixed Point Theory and Applications Lemma 1.7. Let Let C be a closed convex subset of a smooth Banach space E.LetT be a relatively quasi-nonexpansive mapping from E into E and let {S i } N i1 be a family of relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings from C into itself such that FT ∩  N i1 FS i  /  ∅. The mapping U : C → E is defined by Ux  TJ −1 N  i1 ω i  α i Jx   1 − α i  JS i x  1.9 for all x ∈ C and {ω i }, {α i }⊂0, 1, i  1, 2, ,N such that  N i1 ω i  1.Ifx ∈ C and z ∈ FT ∩  N i1 FS i ,then φ  z, Ux  ≤ φ  z, x  . 1.10 Proof. The proof of this lemma can be extracted from that of Lemma 1.8;soitisomitted. If E has a stronger assumption, we have the following lemma. Lemma 1.8. Let C be a closed convex subset of a uniformly smooth Banach space E.Letr>0. Then, there exists a strictly increasing, continuous, and convex function g ∗ : 0, 6r → R such that g ∗ 00 and for each relatively quasi-nonexpansive mapping T : E → E and each finite family of relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings {S i } N i1 : C → C such that FT  ∩  N i1 FS i  /  ∅, N  i1 ω i α i  1 − α i  g ∗   Jz − JS i z   ≤ φ  u, z  − φ  u, Uz  1.11 for all z ∈ C ∩ B r and u ∈ FT ∩  N i1 FS i  ∩ B r ,where Ux  TJ −1 N  i1 ω i  α i Jx   1 − α i  JS i x  1.12 x ∈ C and {ω i }, {α i }⊂0, 1, i  1, 2, ,N such that  N i1 ω i  1. Proof. Let r>0. From Lemma 1.6 and E ∗ is uniformly convex, then there exists a strictly increasing, continuous, and convex function g ∗ : 0, 6r → R such that g ∗ 00and   tx ∗ 1 − ty ∗   2 ≤ t  x ∗  2   1 − t    y ∗   2 − t  1 − t  g ∗    x ∗ − y ∗    1.13 for all x ∗ ,y ∗ ∈{z ∗ ∈ E ∗ : z ∗ ≤3r} and t ∈ 0, 1.LetT : E → E and {S i } N i1 : C → C be relatively quasi-nonexpansive for all i  1, 2, ,N such that FT ∩  N i1 FS i  /  ∅. For z ∈ C ∩ B r and u ∈ FT ∩  N i1 FS i  ∩ B r . It follows that   u  −  S i z   2 ≤ φ  u, S i z  ≤ φ  u, z  ≤   u    z   2 ≤  2r  2 1.14 Fixed Point Theory and Applications 5 and hence S i z≤3r. Consequently, for i  1, 2, ,N,  α i Jz 1 − α i JS i z  2 ≤ α i  Jz  2   1 − α i   JS i z  2 − α i  1 − α i  g ∗   Jz − JS i z   . 1.15 Then φ  u, Uz  ≤ φ  u, J −1 N  i1 ω i  α i Jz   1 − α i  JS i z     u  2 − 2  u, N  i1 ω i  α i Jz   1 − α i  JS i z         N  i1 ω i α i Jz 1 − α i JS i z      2 ≤ N  i1 ω i   u  2 − 2  u, α i Jz   1 − α i  JS i z    α i Jz   1 − α i  JS i z  2  ≤ N  i1 ω i   u  2 − 2  u, α i Jz   1 − α i  JS i z   α i  Jz  2   1 − α i   JS i z  2 − α i  1 − α i  g ∗   Jz − JS i z     N  i1 ω i  α i φ  u, z    1 − α i  φ  u, S i z  − α i  1 − α i  g ∗   Jz − JS i z    ≤ φ  u, z  − N  i1 ω i α i  1 − α i  g ∗   Jz − JS i z   . 1.16 Thus N  i1 ω i α i  1 − α i  g ∗   Jz − JS i z   ≤ φ  u, z  − φ  u, Uz  . 1.17 Lemma 1.9. Let C be a closed convex subset of a uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space E.LetT be a relatively quasi-nonexpansive mapping from E into E and let {S i } N i1 be a family of relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings from C into itself such that FT ∩  N i1 FS i  /  ∅.The mapping U : C → E is defined by Ux  TJ −1 N  i1 ω i  α i Jx   1 − α i  JS i x  1.18 for all x ∈ C and {ω i }, {α i }⊂0, 1, i  1, 2, ,Nsuch that  N i1 ω i  1. Then, the following hold: 1 FUFT ∩  N i1 FS i , 2 U is relatively quasi-nonexpansive. 6 Fixed Point Theory and Applications Proof. 1 Clearly, FT ∩  N i1 FS i  ⊂ FU. We want to show the reverse inclusion. Let z ∈ FU and u ∈ FT ∩  N i1 FS i . Choose r : max {  u  ,  z  ,  S 1 z  ,  S 2 z  , ,  S m z  } . 1.19 From Lemma 1.8, we have N  i1 ω i α i  1 − α i  g ∗   Jz − JS i z    0. 1.20 From ω i α i 1 − α i  > 0 for all i  1, 2, ,N and by the properties of g ∗ , we have Jz  JS i z 1.21 for all i  1, 2, ,N.FromJ is one to one, we have z  S i z 1.22 for all i  1, 2, ,N. Consider z  Uz  TJ −1 N  i1 ω i  α i Jz   1 − α i  JS i z   Tz. 1.23 Thus z ∈ FT ∩  N i1 FS i . 2 It follows directly from the above discussion. 2. Weak Convergence Theorem Theorem 2.1. Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly smooth and uniformly convex Banach space E.Let{T n } ∞ n1 : E → C be a family of relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings and let {S i } N i1 : C → C be a family of relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings such that F :  ∞ n1 FT n  ∩  N i1 FS i  /  ∅. Let the sequence {x n } be generated by x 1 ∈ C, x n1  T n J −1 N  i1 ω n,i  α n,i Jx n   1 − α n,i  JS i x n  2.1 for any n ∈ N, {ω n,i }, {α n,i }⊂0, 1 for all n ∈ N, i  1, 2, ,N such that  N i1 ω n,i  1 for all n ∈ N.Then{Π F x n } converges strongly to z ∈ F,whereΠ F is the generalized projection of C onto F. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 7 Proof. Let u ∈  ∞ n1 FT n  ∩  N i1 FS i .Put U n  T n J −1 N  i1 ω n,i  α n,i J   1 − α n,i  JS i  . 2.2 From Lemma 1.7, we have φ  u, x n1   φ  u, U n x n  ≤ φ  u, x n  . 2.3 Therefore lim n →∞ φu, x n  exists. This implies that {φu, x n }, {x n } and {S i x n } are bounded for all i  1, 2, ,N. Let y n ≡ Π F x n .From2.3 and m ∈ N, we have φ  y n ,x nm  ≤ φ  y n ,x n  . 2.4 Consequently, φ  y n ,y nm   φ  y nm ,x nm  ≤ φ  y n ,x nm  ≤ φ  y n ,x n  . 2.5 In particular, φ  y n1 ,x n1  ≤ φ  y n ,x n  . 2.6 This implies that lim n →∞ φy n ,x n  exists. This together with the boundedness of {x n } gives r : sup n∈N y n  < ∞.UsingLemma 1.3, there exists a strictly increasing, continuous, and convex function h : 0, 2r → R such that h00and h    y n − y nm    ≤ φ  y n ,y nm  ≤ φ  y n ,x n  − φ  y nm ,x nm  . 2.7 Since {φy n ,x n } is a convergent sequence, it follows from the properties of g that {y n } is a Cauchy sequence. Since F is closed, there exists z ∈ F such that y n → z. We first establish weak convergence theorem for finding a common fixed point of a countable family of relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings. Recall that, for a family of mappings {T n } ∞ n1 : C → E with  ∞ n1 FT n  /  ∅, we say that {T n } satisfies the NST-condition 19 if for each bounded sequence {z n } in C, lim n →∞  z n − T n z n   0 implies ω w { z n } ⊂ ∞  n1 F  T n  , 2.8 where ω w {z n } denotes the set of all weak subsequential limits of a sequence {z n }. 8 Fixed Point Theory and Applications Theorem 2.2. Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly smooth and uniformly convex Banach space E.Let{T n } ∞ n1 : E → C be a family of relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings satisfying NST-condition and let {S i } N i1 : C → C be a family of relatively nonexpansive mappings such that F :  ∞ n1 FT n  ∩  N i1 FS i  /  ∅ and suppose that φ  u, T n x   φ  T n x, x  ≤ φ  u, x  2.9 for all u ∈  ∞ n1 FT n , n ∈ N and x ∈ E. Let the sequence {x n } be generated by x 1 ∈ C, x n1  T n J −1 N  i1 ω n,i  α n,i Jx n   1 − α n,i  JS i x n  2.10 for any n ∈ N, {ω n,i }, {α n,i }⊂0, 1 for all n ∈ N, i  1, 2, ,N such that  N i1 ω n,i  1 for all n ∈ N, lim inf n →∞ ω n,i α n,i 1 − α n,i  > 0 for all i  1, 2, ,N.IfJ is weakly sequentially continuous, then {x n } converges weakly to z ∈ F,wherez  lim n →∞ Π F x n . Proof. Let u ∈ F.FromTheorem 2.1, lim n →∞ φu, x n  exists and hence {x n } and {S i x n } are bounded for all i  1, 2, ,N.Let r  sup n∈N {  x n  ,  S 1 x n  ,  S 2 x n  , ,  S N x n  } . 2.11 By Lemma 1.8, t here exists a strictly increasing, continuous, and convex function g ∗ : 0, 2r → R such that g ∗ 00and N  i1 ω n,i α n,i  1 − α n,i  g ∗   Jx n − JS i x n   ≤ φ  u, x n  − φ  u, x n1  . 2.12 In particular, for all i  1, 2, ,N, ω n,i α n,i  1 − α n,i  g ∗   Jx n − JS i x n   ≤ φ  u, x n  − φ  u, x n1  . 2.13 Hence, ∞  n1 ω n,i α n,i  1 − α n,i  g ∗   Jx n − JS i x n   < ∞ 2.14 for all i  1, 2, ,N. Since lim inf n →∞ ω n,i α n,i 1 − α n,i  > 0 for all i  1, 2 ,N and the properties of g, we have lim n →∞  Jx n − JS i x n   0 2.15 Fixed Point Theory and Applications 9 for all i  1, 2 ,N. Since J −1 is uniformly norm-to-norm continuous on bounded sets, we have lim n →∞  x n − S i x n   0 2.16 for all i  1, 2 ,N. Since {x n } is bounded, there exists a subsequence {x n k } of {x n } such that x n k z∈ C. Since S i is relatively nonexpansive, z ∈  FS i FS i  for all i  1, 2 ,N. We show that z ∈  ∞ n1 FT n .Let y n  J −1 N  i1 ω n,i  α n,i Jx n   1 − α n,i  JS i x n  . 2.17 We note from 2.15 that      N  i1 ω n,i  α n,i Jx n   1 − α n,i  JS i x n  − Jx n      ≤ N  i1 ω n,i  1 − α n,i   JS i x n − Jx n  −→ 0. 2.18 Since J −1 is uniformly norm-to-norm continuous on bounded sets, it follows that lim n →∞   y n − x n    lim n →∞      J −1  N  i1 ω n,i  α n,i Jx n   1 − α n,i  JS i x n   − J −1 Jx n       0. 2.19 Moreover, by 2.9 and the existence of lim n →∞ φu, x n , we have φ  T n y n ,y n  ≤ φ  u, y n  − φ  u, T n y n   φ  u, J −1 N  i1 ω n,i  α n,i Jx n   1 − α n,i  JS i x n   − φ  u, x n1  ≤ φ  u, x n  − φ  u, x n1  −→ 0. 2.20 It follows from Lemma 1.4 that lim n →∞ T n y n − y n   0. From 2.19 and x n k z, we have y n k z. Since {T n } satisfies NST-condition, we have z ∈  ∞ n1 FT n . Hence z ∈ F. Let z n Π F x n .FromLemma 1.5 and z ∈ F, we have  z n k − z, Jx n k − Jz n k  ≥ 0. 2.21 From Theorem 2.1, we know that z n → z  ∈ F. Since J is weakly sequentially continuous, we have  z  − z, Jz − Jz   ≥ 0. 2.22 10 Fixed Point Theory and Applications Moreover, since J is monotone,  z  − z, Jz − Jz   ≤ 0. 2.23 Then  z  − z, Jz − Jz    0. 2.24 Since E is strictly convex, z   z. This implies that ω w {x n }  {z  } and hence x n z   lim n →∞ Π F x n . We next apply our result for finding a common element of a fixed point set of a relatively nonexpansive mapping and the solution set of an equilibrium problem. This problem is extensively studied in 11, 14–16.LetC be a subset of a Banach space E and let f : C × C → R be a bifunction. The equilibrium problem for a bifunction f is to find x ∈ C such that fx, y ≥ 0 for all y ∈ C. The set of solutions above is denoted by EPf,thatis x ∈ EP  f  iff f  x, y  ≥ 0 ∀y ∈ C. 2.25 To solve the equilibrium problem, we usually assume that a bifunction f satisfies the following conditions C is closed and convex: A1 fx, x0 for all x ∈ C; A2 f is monotone, that is, fx, yfy, x ≤ 0 , for all x, y ∈ C; A3 for all x, y, z ∈ C, lim sup t↓0 ftz 1 − tx, y ≤ fx, y; A4 for all x ∈ C, fx, · is convex and lower semicontinuous. The following lemma gives a characterization of a solution of an equilibrium problem. Lemma 2.3. Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Banach space E.Letf be a bifunction from C × C → R satisfying (A1)–(A4). Suppose that p ∈ C.Thenp ∈ EPf if and only if fy,p ≤ 0 for all y ∈ C. Proof. Let p ∈ EP f, then fp, y ≥ 0 for all y ∈ C.FromA2,wegetthatfy, p ≤−fp, y ≤ 0 for all y ∈ C. Conversely, assume that fy, p ≤ 0 for all y ∈ C. 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Applications, vol 2008, Article ID 583082, 19 pages, 2008 11 X Qin, Y J Cho, and S M Kang, “Convergence theorems of common elements for equilibrium problems and fixed point problems in Banach spaces,” Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol 225, no 1, pp 20–30, 2009 12 Y Su, D Wang, and M Shang, “Strong convergence of monotone hybrid algorithm for hemi -relatively nonexpansive mappings,” Fixed . Countable Family of Relatively Nonexpansive Mappings Daruni Boonchari 1 and Satit Saejung 2 1 Department of Mathematics, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand 2 Department of Mathematics,. formulated as a problem of finding a fixed point of a certain mapping or a common fixed point of a family of mappings. This paper deals with a class of nonlinear mappings, so-called relatively nonexpansive. of a smooth Banach space E.LetT be a relatively quasi -nonexpansive mapping from E into E and let {S i } N i1 be a family of relatively quasi -nonexpansive mappings from C into itself such that