I Biomedical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Edited by Carlos Alexandre Barros de Mello In-Tech intechweb.org Published by In-Teh In-Teh Olajnica 19/2, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia Abstracting and non-prot use of the material is permitted with credit to the source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. Publisher assumes no responsibility liability for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained inside. After this work has been published by the In-Teh, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are an author or editor, and the make other personal use of the work. © 2009 In-teh www.intechweb.org Additional copies can be obtained from: publication@intechweb.org First published October 2009 Printed in India Technical Editor: Zeljko Debeljuh Biomedical Engineering, Edited by Carlos Alexandre Barros de Mello p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-013-1 V Preface Biomedical Engineering can be seen as a mix of Medicine, Engineering and Science. In fact, this is a natural connection, as the most complicated engineering masterpiece is the human body. And it is exactly to help our “body machine” that Biomedical Engineering has its niche. The link thus formed between Engineering and Medicine is so important that we cannot think of disassembling it anymore. From all Engineering subspecialties we see progress: from signal processing of heart and brain signals to mechanical human-like organs; from robust, precise and accurate devices for clinical analysis to devices for real-time applications in the surgical theater; and so on. Nowadays, Biomedical Engineering has spread all over the world. There are many universi- ties with strong undergraduate and post-graduate courses, well-established communities and societies and well-known conferences. This book brings the state-of-the-art of some of the most important current research related to Biomedical Engineering. I am very honored to be editing such a valuable book, which has contributions of a selected group of researchers describing the best of their work. Through its 36 chapters, the reader will have access to works related to ECG, image processing, sensors, articial intelligence, and several other exciting elds. We hope you will enjoy the reading of this book and that it can be used as handbook to students and professionals seeking to gain a better understanding of where Biomedical Engi- neering stands today. October, 2009 Editor Carlos Alexandre Barros de Mello Center of Informatics, Federal Univeristy of Pernambuco Brazil VII Contents Preface V 1. MicroelectronicBiosensors:MaterialsandDevices 001 DavidP.Klemer,MD,PhD 2. Low-PowerandLow-VoltageAnalog-to-DigitalConvertersforwearableEEG systems 015 J.M.GarcíaGonzález,E.López-Morillo,F.Muñoz,H.ElGmiliandR.G.Carvajal 3. On-chipcellpositioningandsortingusingcontactlessmethods:acomparison betweendifferentforce-elds 041 FrénéaMarieandHaddourNaoufel 4. ExploringInsightofUserNeeds:TheFirstStageofBiomedicalEngineering Design 067 JiehuiJiang,AdindaFreudenthalandPrabhuKandachar 5. Biologicaleffectsofelectromagneticradiation 087 ElenaPirogova,VukVojisavljevic,IrenaCosic 6. SynchrotronRadiationMicroangiographyforInvestigationofMetabolicSyndrome inRatModel 107 KeijiUmetani,KazuhitoFukushimaandKazuroSugimura 7. WirelessPowerTechnologyforBiomedicalImplants 119 AnthonyN.Laskovski,TharakaDissanayakeandMehmetR.Yuce 8. AssessmentoftheshadowcausedbythehumanbodyonthepersonalRF dosimetersreadinginmultipathenvironments 133 AlfonsoBahillo,RubénM.Lorenzo,SantiagoMazuelas,PatriciaFernández andEvaristoJ.Abril 9. Monitoringdrowsinesson-lineusingasingleencephalographicchannel 145 AntoinePicot,SylvieCharbonnierandAliceCaplier 10. Themeritsofarticialproprioception,withapplicationsinbiofeedbackgait rehabilitationconceptsandmovementdisordercharacterization 165 RobertLeMoyne,CristianCoroian,TimothyMastroianni,PawelOpalinski,MichaelCozza andWarrenGrundfest VIII 11. RobustandOptimalBlood-GlucoseControlinDiabetesUsingLinearParameter Varyingparadigms 199 LeventeKovácsandBalázsKulcsár 12. TowardsDiagnosticallyRobustMedicalUltrasoundVideoStreamingusingH.264 219 A.Panayides,M.S.Pattichis,C.S.Pattichis,C.P.Loizou,M.Pantziaris4,andA.Pitsillides 13. Contact-lessAssessmentofIn-vivoBodySignalsUsingMicrowaveDopplerRadar 239 ShahrzadJalaliMazlouman,KouhyarTvakolian,AlirezaMahanfar,andBozenaKaminska 14. SubspaceTechniquesforBrainSignalEnhancement 261 NidalS.KamelandMohdZuki-Yusoff 15. ClassicationofMentalTasksusingDifferentSpectralEstimationMethods 287 PabloF.Diez,EricLaciar,VicenteMut,EnriqueAvila,AbelTorres 16. On-sitemeasurement,dataprocessandwaveletanalysistechniquesfor recognizingdailyphysiologicalstates 307 YoshitsuguYasui 17. SurveyofRecentVolumetricMedicalImageSegmentationTechniques 321 Hu,GrossbergandMageras 18. Fuzzy-basedkernelregressionapproachesforfreeformdeformationandelastic registrationofmedicalimages 347 EdoardoArdizzone,RobertoGallea,OrazioGambinoandRobertoPirrone 19. ICAappliedtomicrocalcicationclustersCADinmammograms 369 C.J.García-Orellana,R.Gallardo-Caballero,H.M.González-Velasco,A.García-Manso,M. Macías-Macías 20. NanomedicineinCancer 387 CésarAGonzález 21. CapacitiveSensingofNarrow-BandECGandBreathingActivityofInfantsthrough Sleepwear 399 AkinoriUeno,TatsuyaImai,DaisukeKowadaandYoshihiroYama 22. EEG-BasedPersonalIdentication 415 HideakiTouyama 23. SkinandNon-SolidCancerIncidenceinInterventionalRadiologyusingBiological andPhysicalDosimetryMethods 425 M.Ramos,A.Montoro,S.Ferrer,J.I.Villaescusa,G.Verdu,M.Almonacid 24. NonlinearProjectiveFilteringofECGSignals 433 MarianKotas 25. RecentdevelopmentsincomputermethodsforfMRIdataprocessing 453 EvanthiaE.TripolitiandDimitriosI.Fotiadis IX 26. CarbonNanotubesinBoneTissueEngineering 477 KavehPourAkbarSaffarandNimaJamilPour 27. TraditionalandDynamicActionPotentialClampExperimentswithHCN4 PacemakerCurrent:BiomedicalEngineeringinCardiacCellularElectrophysiology 499 ArieO.VerkerkandRonaldWilders 28. MedicalRemoteMonitoringusingsoundenvironmentanalysisandwearable sensors 517 DanIstrate,JérômeBoudy,HamidMedjahedandJeanLouisBaldinger 29. Standardmodel,leformatsandmethodsinBrain-ComputerInterface research:why? 533 LuciaRitaQuitadamo,DonatellaMattia,FeboCincotti,FabioBabiloni,GianCarloCardarilli, MariaGraziaMarcianiandLuigiBianchi 30. TonometricVascularFunctionAssessment 549 JeonLeeandKiChangNam 31. NewMethodsforAtrialActivityExtractioninAtrialTachyarrhythmias 567 RaúlLlinaresandJorgeIgual 32. AutomaticMutualNonrigidRegistrationofDenseSurfaceModelsbyGraphical ModelbasedInference 585 XiaoDongandGuoyanZheng 33. IntelligentandPersonalisedHydrocephalusTreatmentandManagement 595 LinaMomani,AbdelRahmanAlkharabshehandWaleedAl-Nuaimy 34. ASimulationStudyonBalanceMaintenanceStrategiesduringWalking 611 YuIkemoto,WenweiYuandJunInoue 35. HumanFacialExpressionRecognitionUsingFisherIndependentComponent AnalysisandHiddenMarkovModel 627 Tae-SeongKimandJeeJunLee 36. RequirementsandsolutionsforadvancedTelemedicineapplications 645 GeorgeJ.Mandellos,GeorgeV.Koutelakis,TheodorC.Panagiotakopoulos, MichaelN.KoukiasandDimitriosK.Lymberopoulos [...]... M.; Stutzmann, M & Eickhoff, M (2003) AlxGa1-xN–a new material system for biosensors Advanced Functional Materials, Vol 13 , No 11 , (November 2003) pp 8 41- 846, ISSN 16 16-301X Sung, J H.; Ko, H J & Park, T H (2006) Piezoelectric biosensor using olfactory receptor protein expressed in Escherichia coli Biosensors & Bioelectronics, Vol 21, No 10 , (April 2006) pp 19 81- 6, ISSN 0956-5663 Sze, S M & K K Ng (2006)... 1 2 GBW Vout static (16 ) However, if >1, the MDAC output voltage at the end of the amplification phase is: e 0 t set a e 0 t set b 1 Vout Vout static 1 a b 2 2 1 e 0 t set a e 0 t set b 1 VSR a b 2 2 1 (17 ) a 2 1 b 2 1 where VSR, in (16 )... factor is: 1 2 cos( m ) 1 cos 2 ( m ) (14 ) Low-Power and Low-Voltage Analog-to-Digital Converters for wearable EEG systems 25 and the natural frequency of the system is: 0 2 GBW cos( m ) (15 ) In this way, if 1kHz >9 bits 725mV differential as low as possible (i.e 1. 2V) 3.3 -1. 5W Table 1 General specifications for ADCs... hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles stabilized by EDTA Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol 386, No 2, (September 2006) pp 228-34, ISSN 16 18-2642 14 Biomedical Engineering Qu, F.; Yang, M.; Shen, G & Yu, R (2007) Electrochemical biosensing utilizing synergic action of carbon nanotubes and platinum nanowires prepared by template synthesis, Biosensors & Bioelectronics, Vol 22, No 8, (March 2007) pp 17 49-55, ISSN . Zeljko Debeljuh Biomedical Engineering, Edited by Carlos Alexandre Barros de Mello p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307- 013 -1 V Preface Biomedical Engineering can be seen as a mix of Medicine, Engineering and. I Biomedical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Edited by Carlos Alexandre Barros de Mello In-Tech intechweb.org Published by In-Teh In-Teh Olajnica 19 /2, 32000 Vukovar,. arrays is the ability to perform quartz disc used as a piezoelectric resonator L 1 C 1 R 1 C 0 Biomedical Engineering8 sensing of multiple different target biomolecules, using appropriately-immobilized