Bộ tiêu chuẩn cho kỹ sư Cấp thoát nước: TCVN 13606:2023 Cấp nước – Mạng lưới đường ống và công trình – Yêu cầu thiết kế1. TCVN 4037:2012 Cấp nước Thuật ngữ và định nghĩa1. TCVN 4038:2012 Thoát nước Thuật ngữ và định nghĩa1. TCVN 7957:2008 Thoát nước Mạng lưới và công trình bên ngoài Tiêu chuẩn thiết kế2. TCXDVN 51:2008 Thoát nước Mạng lưới và công trình bên ngoài Tiêu chuẩn thiết kế1. TCXDVN 33:2006 Cấp nước Mạng lưới đường ống và công trình Tiêu chuẩn thiết kế1. TCVN 4513:1988 Cấp nước bên trong Tiêu chuẩn thiết kế1. TCVN 4474:1987 Thoát nước bên trong Tiêu chuẩn thiết kế1. TCVN 12112:2019 Sân bay dân dụng Hệ thống thoát nước Yêu cầu thiết kế1. TCVN 5673:2012 Hệ thống tài liệu thiết kế xây dựng Cấp thoát nước bên trong Hồ sơ bản vẽ thi công1. TCVN 3989:2012 Hệ thống tài liệu thiết kế xây dựng Cấp nước và thoát nước Mạng lưới bên ngoài Bản vẽ thi công1. TCVN 10334:2014 Bể tự hoại bê tông cốt thép thành mỏng đúc sẵn dùng cho nhà vệ sinh1. TCVN 4519:1988 Hệ thống cấp thoát nước bên trong nhà và công trình Quy phạm nghiệm thu và thi công1. TCVN 5576:1991 Hệ thống cấp thoát nước Quy phạm quản lý kỹ thuật1. TCVN 12639:2021 Chống ô nhiễm nguồn nước sinh hoạt trong hệ thống cấp nước và yêu cầu chung của thiết bị ngăn chặn ô nhiễm do dòng chảy ngược1. TCVN 5502:2003 Nước cấp sinh hoạt Yêu cầu chất lượng1.
Engineering Design GUIDELINES P L U M B I N G SYSTEM REVISION 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL 1.1 DESIGNER’S RESPONSIBILITIES 1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS COMPLIANCE 1.3 DESIGN AND TECHNICAL SUBMISSIONS 1.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN AND INSTALLATION WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION 2.1 GENERAL 2.2 METERING 2.3 WATER QUALITY 2.4 WATER QUANTITY 2.5 WATER TREATMENT SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM 3.1 DRAINAGE SYSTEM 3.2 VENTING SYSTEM 3.3 STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM SYSTEM AND COMPONENTS 10 4.1 DOMESTIC WATER STORAGE TANK 10 4.2 DOMESTIC HOT WATER STORAGE TANK 10 4.3 HOT WATER SUPPLY IN KITCHEN 10 4.4 HOT WATER SUPPLY IN LAUNDRY 11 4.5 NON-POTABLE WATER 11 4.6 HOT WATER HEATERS 11 4.7 WATER PUMPS 11 PIPING MATERIAL AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES 12 5.1 VALVES 12 5.2 PIPES 12 5.3 INSULATION 13 5.4 AIR CHAMBERS / SHOCK ARRESTORS 13 PLUMBING FIXTURES 14 6.1 GUEST BATHROOM PLUMBING FIXTURES 14 6.2 PUBLIC RESTROOM PLUMBING FIXTURES 14 GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM 15 Page | 7.1 GENERAL 15 7.2 DESIGN CRITERIA 15 7.3 GAS METERING 15 7.4 COMMISSIONING AND TESTING 16 SWIMMING POOL AND WATER FEATURE SYSTEM 17 8.1 CODES AND STANDARDS 17 8.2 DESIGN CRITERIA 17 8.3 POOL SAFETY 18 8.4 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS 20 8.4.1 NEW POOLS 20 8.4.2 EXISTING POOLS 21 8.4.3 CASE OF EMERGENCY 21 8.5 WATER TREATMENT AND WATER RECIRCULATING SYSTEM 22 8.5.1 SWIMMING POOL PUMP AND FILTERING SYSTEM 22 8.5.2 POOL WATER HEATING 22 8.5.3 INDOOR POOL WATER HEATING 23 8.5.4 POOL DISINFECTION 23 8.5.5 POOL pH LEVEL CONTROL 24 8.5.6 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION 24 Page | GENERAL 1.1 DESIGNER’S RESPONSIBILITIES • • • • Engineers who design systems on behalf of the owner must fully understand their obligations to familiarize themselves with all relevant standards and codes Design Engineer has to minimize impacts on aesthetics, architectural features and interior designs of the facility Engineer has to consider what types of engineering systems, devices, materials and products will be required to properly support and integrate the overall design Items associated with engineering systems which may be specified by an interior designer, architect or operator Engineer has responsibilities to review all of those items and bring to the attention of the concerns if any items that not fit the quality or function of the design for the hotel 1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS COMPLIANCE • • The design must comply with all applicable local standards and, where the local standards are considered insufficient, with applicable international standards as a minimum Design Engineers must verify that the Codes and Sections they are using are the latest applicable 1.3 DESIGN AND TECHNICAL SUBMISSIONS • • • • The designers are required to submit the technical document to Best Western office for review The technical documents required for submission are; o Design concept – Engineers may submit the concept and diagram of the main system to ensure that the systems are compliant with Best Western Standards before develop the full design package o Full package M&E drawings and technical document – when complete Best Western will check for compliant with Best Western Standards and in relation to operation condition It still remains the designers responsibility in case of any variations may be occurred and required rectification at the designers cost 1.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN AND INSTALLATION • • • All materials and equipment used shall generally have an expected life of 25 years All services must be located in positions that are easily accessible for maintenance without causing disruption to the normal operation of the hotel No material shall be used or specified which are harmful to human health or the environment, either during their installation or during long term disposal or degradation Page | WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION 2.1 GENERAL • • • • • • • Water supplies to the hotel must come from a reliable source and sufficient to accommodate daily total consumption and the instantaneous peaks Water pressure at the inlet of fixtures shall be constantly maintained at 1.5 bar +/- 0.5 bar Hot water shall be available at fixtures in less than seconds If unsatisfactory water determined and provided, water treatment and select appropriate piping materials are required Fire water requirements are to be considered when sizing water storage facilities This has to be based on local codes as minimum In particular, all current ASPE, ASHRAE, local codes and World Health Organization (WHO) requirements for system design and prevention of Legionella must be complied with as a minimum Concept design and diagram shall be submitted for review to BW 2.2 METERING • • • • • The incoming water service shall have a meter of a type and in a location that meets the requirements of the local water authority Each incoming utility services (potable, fire protection, irrigation, cooling tower make up, etc.) shall have a separate service meter Gas requirements are the same, but the meter location and specifications shall comply with local gas authority Individual retail including rented spaces, food and beverage, laundry and other system that significantly consumes the water shall have sub metering to allow for the monitoring of usage in the individual spaces The meters shall have a local readout as well as the ability to be monitored at the hotel’s BMS 2.3 WATER QUALITY • • • Potable water which complies to WHO standard shall be supplied throughout the hotel areas Both hot and cold water supply shall be chemically neutral (neither corrosive nor scaling) as computed by the Langelier Saturation Index Water supply shall have chlorine residual of 0.1 mg/1 2.4 WATER QUANTITY • Use the fixture count method together with the maximum instantaneous/consecutive demands at 100% guestroom occupancy to establish peak flow rates Page | • Base on following consumption guidelines for design Source Total (H+C)/Person Guest Per bed Resorts & Japan Tropical countries Employee Restaurant / Function Laundry - without recovery - with recovery - typical production 230 115 350 300 50 litres/day litres/day litres/day litres/day litres/day litres/person 25 litres/kg linen 15 litres/kg linen 7.5 kg linen /occupied room/day Hot Water 80 40 140 100 16 litres/day litres/day litres/day litres/day litres/day litres/person litres/kg linen litres/kg linen 2.5 WATER TREATMENT • • • • Analysis of supply water is required for designing necessary treatment system Water supply to building shall be neither corrosive nor scale forming Base on water analysis if filtration system is needed Engineer shall design the appropriate filter to remove suspended solids, odor and bacteria from the water The following hardness levels shall be achieved: Kitchens: Laundry/Kitchens: machines Cooling Towers: Boilers: Hot water systems: Depending on +2 or • • • • • • ppm 50 ppm for dish or glass washing machine, coffee machines for last two rinse cycles in laundry washing 120 ppm ppm Langelier index which should be slightly positive on a scale –2 to Ryznar index = on a scale to 14 If the hardness level does not meet the required value, water softeners with regenerating facilities shall be provided properly Laundry effluent shall be treated to maintain specified parameters: pH, alkalinity and temperature in accordance with local codes Water that is containing a TDS of 1000 mg/l is acceptable for potable use The TDS must be evaluated in terms of the impact to equipment and piping systems RO plants if provide, shall be equipped with an economizer to reduce electricity consumption by app 30% Provide continuous monitoring and treatment facilities For irrigation system, where untreated water would be suitable, consider separate pumps and controls utilizing cistern supply directly Page | SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM 3.1 DRAINAGE SYSTEM • • • • • • • • • • • Determine whether sanitary waste will discharge to a municipal or private system A complete sanitary waste water system for all plumbing fixtures, kitchens, laundry, mechanical equipment and floor drains to be provided wherever possible via gravity flow to a point of connection with the municipal sewer septic system or a sewage treatment plant The sanitary sewer system must be designed in accordance with local codes and International standards, to be self-cleaning, self-venting and fully suitable for the purpose Drainage pipes must not run through electrical or IT rooms Kitchen and laundry drainage must be designed to withstand boiling water temperatures Soil and waste pipes must be run at as high a level as possible All horizontal piping must have a uniform minimum slope as per the following:o Less than 100 mm dia 1:50 o 100 mm dia 1:80 o 150 mm dia 1:100 o 200 mm dia 1:150 o 250 - 300 mm dia 1:200 Maximum velocity of 0.6m/sec to insure scouring action and a velocity of 1.2m/sec from all kitchen areas to convey greasy water 90° bends must not be used in gravity drainage Pipe sizing methods used must be as required by local regulations In the absence of regulations, the diameter must be calculated by the use of fixture unit calculation as per the ASPE design book Unless the fixtures are not specially specified, the minimum diameters for the connections to fittings must be as follows: Drain outlet connection sizes Fitting Basin, urinal Sink, cleaner's sink, ẵ tap ắ tap WC Bath, Shower Floor gully 50 diameter Floor gully 63 diameter Stainless steel kitchen gully 80 diameter Laundry machines Internal Waste Pipe Diameter 45 mm 45 mm 50 mm 100 mm 50 mm 45 mm 50 mm 75 mm 50 mm However, the diameter must be calculated by the use of Bazin's formula, assuming pipework half full Page | • Drainage rates from fittings to be considered in design shall be as per the table below: Drainage flow rate Fitting Bath, Shower Basin Urinal Sink, cleaner's sink ½‗ ‘tap ¾‘‘ tap WC Toilet floor gullies, Kitchen floor gullies, Machines (laundry, etc.) Swimming or other pool drainage • • • • • Flow Rate 1.20 l/sec 0.75 l/sec 0.50 l/sec 0.75 l/sec 0.75 l/sec 1.00 l/sec 1.50 l/sec 1.00 l/sec 12.0 l/sec Design must be adopted to avoid piping passing through noise sensitive areas However where this is unavoidable the noise impact from water flow in the drain pipe must be minimized by pipe material selection and/or use of insulation as per the acoustic engineer‘s advice Grease traps shall be provided for all kitchen areas external to the building They must be in a location accessible by vehicles for cleaning and away from guest view Provide the Code calculated number of grease interceptors in service with the minimum size tank to 2800 liter Locate kitchen grease interceptors away from all food preparation and service areas and as required by the Kitchen Consultant Provide airtight seals to interceptor housings Interceptors are recommended to be made of stainless steel, and be accessible for maintenance Manholes shall be external to the building and at every junction and change of direction Water discharge from the laundry or other similar facilities may have to be treated to prevent corrosive conditions Provide accessible lint collectors/interceptors at Laundry areas or as required by the Laundry Consultant Collector to be manufactured from stainless steel wire basket or similar device to prevent the passage of all materials, 20 cm or larger Page | 3.2 VENTING SYSTEM • • • • • • • • • • The sanitary drainage system must be provided with a system of vent piping, which will permit the admission or venting of air, so that the fixture trap is not subjected to a pressure differential of more than 25mm of water Sizes of vent risers and branches must be based on fixture unit calculation as per ASPE design book Vent risers must be connected to adjacent soil riser at the base of the riser Branch vent connections to risers must be made above the rim of the fixtures Vent pipes must not run below the waste drain otherwise the waste can flood into the venting system Vent pipes must be sloped to fall to the end connection of the waste or soil to allow any condensate or other water to drain to the sewage drain system Vent pipes for wastewater treatment plant must be kept separate from the main sanitary waste venting system Offsets greater than 45 degrees must be avoided If unavoidable then a relief vent must be provided as a vertical continuation of the lowest section of the riser, connecting into the vent riser one floor above the offset, or may be continued separately through the roof Vents on unoccupied roofs may terminate a minimum of 0.30 m above roof If the roof is accommodating air handling units, then the vent must extend to a minimum of 2.20 m above roof level to prevent short circuiting into any fresh air intake A corrosive resistant wired mesh insect screen must be provided at all vents at roof level Page | 3.3 STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The system to be designed to collect and remove storm water from all hotel buildings and structures Design for gravity flow to a point of connection with the municipal storm sewer, lake, ocean etc., as required by local code The system is to be independent from the building sanitary sewer system The system needs to collect and remove water from all external and perimeter hotel areas Provide drains, gutters, and leaders to all building roof areas and structures An ejector system is required for areas located below gravity connections to the municipal storm water sewer connections The ejector is fully enclosed and airtight sump or pit equipped with duplex ejector pumps All pump motors to be located externally to the pit and sized for full demand loads and connected to the emergency generator Submerged pumps are not acceptable All necessary automated controls/alarms to be provided, and all systems connected to emergency generator and Building Automation System All aesthetic aspects of the design needs to be in accordance with the landscape architect’s and the building architect’s requirements Drainage requirements for the site must be coordinated with all parties Adequate examination and cost studies for collection and recycling of rain and storm water for usage in external irrigation or alternative use should be reviewed for cost and with local authorities Provide a continuous drain trough located above surrounding external pool areas to prevent storm water flow from surroundings Storm water design shall include an investigation and recommendation into the potential for grey water recovery within the waste drainage Investigate whether PH correction for drainage form the laundry is Page | 4.5 NON-POTABLE WATER • • • • Non-potable water may be sourced from a deep well or collected from storm-water Where a non-potable system is utilized, subject to Local Authority approval For LEED buildings, the use of non-potable, recycled or treated water can only be considered for WC’s, urinals and irrigation systems and requires prior written from local authorities No accessible taps should be connected to non-potable water system Non-potable water must be completely and separately piped with no interconnections to potable water system and all piping needs to be clearly identified 4.6 HOT WATER HEATERS • As a minimum, each heater shall be equipped with the following: o Service hole o Vacuum breaker (if copper lined) o Pressure relief valve o High temperature alarm actuated when water temperature exceeds 66°C Wired to the Engineer’s alarm panel 4.7 WATER PUMPS • One or combination of pumps shall be capable to achieve determine pressurization • Booster pumps o the system shall include minimum of three pumps rated at approximately 25%, 50% and 50% of required capacity o VSD type controller which maintains constant pressure is preferred • Automatic control and alarm of all pumps are required • The centralized remote monitoring system that indicates the status of pumps may be required as to facilitate maintenance engineer Page | 11 PIPING MATERIAL AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES 5.1 VALVES • • • • • • Provide individual stop valves for each plumbing fixture Provide isolation gate valve for each cold water supply riser Provide isolation gate valve one on the supply riser and one on the return piping Provide flanged connection control valves for all riser equipment at the locations that is accessible for maintenance and repair Provide drain valves for each riser as for the entire piping system can be drained Provide check valves and vacuum breakers on all connections serving potentially submerged inlets 5.2 PIPES • • • Avoid exposed piping in public areas and guestrooms, but if necessary exposed pipes shall be selected to match finishes or other hardware as instructed by the Architect or Interior Designer The materials used in the various piping systems shall be as follows: o Hot and Cold Water Piping ▪ Copper Tube - Seamless drawn or extruded tubing with lead-free solder joints and mechanical joints ▪ Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe (PVC) - Rigid, unplasticized, normal impact pipe, with welded, push-fit or mechanical joints ▪ Polypropylene Random Copolymer Pipe (PPR) - Use with PPR fittings that are equipped for fusion welding o Sanitary piping ▪ Cast Iron Water Pipe (CIWP) - Mechanically jointed, the piping and fitting are suitable for burial below ground ▪ Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe (PVC) - Rigid, unplasticized, normal impact pipe, with welded, push-fit or mechanical joints ▪ Steel Pipe (Stl.) - Steel pipes and malleable iron screwed fittings of medium weight, hot dipped galvanized shall be covered in water-proof wrappings if buried below ground, to inhibit corrosion ▪ Stainless Steel Pipe (SS) - Stainless steel pipework and fittings may be used where high quality finishes are required Push fit or mechanical joints shall be suitable for pressures to be imposed on the system Sizing o Pipe size must be determined in accordance with ASPE o For supply outlets likely to impose continuous demands, estimate the continuous supply separately and add to the total demand for fixtures o For fixtures not listed, weights may be assumed by comparing the fixture to a listed one, using water in similar quantities and at similar rates o Where both hot and cold water are supplied to a fixture, the weights for maximum separate demands may be taken as 75% of the listed demand for the supply Page | 12 o Simultaneous flow of bath tubs and showers if located over the bathtubs must be considered o Ignore demands for service (cleaners) sinks, except for hot water supply, and that for the cold water branch to the fixture itself Other fixtures, used out of hours, may be treated similarly o Pipework must be sized to give adequate flow rates to the fittings 5.3 INSULATION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Insulation shall be installed by Contractors specializing in this type of work Materials shall have fire retardant non-toxic qualities All insulation jackets, facings, membrane, adhesives, mastics, coatings and accessory materials shall be non-hazardous, non-flammable and durable The ratings for insulation with factory applied jackets or facings shall be on a composite basis of insulation, jacket or facing, and the adhesive used to adhere the jacket or facing to the insulation Hot pipe insulation may be fastened with staples, but all cold pipes must include vapor barrier and be sealed Cold piping, insulation shall be sealed off at valves, fittings, flanges and at each meters 0.02w/m°K of continuous run Insulation shall be fiberglass, minimum of density Pre-molded fittings shall be used, or if unavailable, mitered sections or built-up blanket insulation shall be used Hot service application may utilize insulating cement On cold water applications, continuous vapor barrier is required Insulation shall be fastened in concealed locations with aluminum bands or soft annealed wires and shall be fastened in exposed locations with aluminum bands, 300mm o.c For cold pipes, insulation must be carried through or around hangers and sealed the space around hanger Insulation exposed to weather must be additionally protected with weatherproof jacketing Equipment, such as tanks, shall be insulated with fiberglass board and finished with open weave glass cloth and finish coats of adhesive Thickness of applied insulation must conform to local energy codes 5.4 AIR CHAMBERS/SHOCK ARRESTORS • • • • Provide at the upper terminals of all upfeed risers Provide at branch piping supply to fixtures from riser Provide at each individual fixture, except in water closet cisterns where velocity is less than 0.90m/sec Provide sufficient cushion capacity against shock, stress, strains caused by the operation of any valves in the water network Page | 13 PLUMBING FIXTURES • • • Design and style of Plumbing fixtures and fittings shall be selected and specified by the Architects or Interior Designers and approved by Best Western Selections shall be of recognized manufacturers The design engineer is responsible to check to ensure the selected materials and devices are compatible and integrate well into the design 6.1 GUEST BATHROOM PLUMBING FIXTURES • • • • Water Closet o The unit may be either wall or floor mounted, depending on the model, and shall be made of vitreous china o The preferred operation is flush tank with a dual flush 3/6 liters Vanity unit o The vanity fittings shall comprise a hot and cold water mixing valve with pop-up waste Shower unit o The shower areas may be with cubicle shall be provided with thermostatic mixing valves o Shower head is adjustable with a hand held sprayer o With volume regulator of 3.5 gpm / 13.2 lpm o A Rain shower head is preferable to include Bathtub o The bathtub fittings shall comprise a bath/shower thermostatic mixing valve, diverter, over-rim bath spout, pop-up waste and adjustable shower head including a 3.5 gpm or 13.2 lpm volume regulator 6.2 PUBLIC RESTROOM PLUMBING FIXTURES • Water Closet o The vitreous china floor mounted unit is preferred o Either flush valve or flush tank operation is acceptable but toilets for function rooms and high traffic areas shall be flush valve operation • Vanity unit o Sensor operated faucet is preferable • Urinal o With sensor operated flush Page | 14 GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM 7.1 GENERAL • • • • The system must be designed to conform to the rules and requirements of the local authority and to NFPA Standards for all gas installations including ventilated risers, combustion gas emissions, and combustion air and safety precautions must be followed Incoming gas supply enters to the property shall be in unobstructed access location for utility company and in a back of house location Bulk storage of LPG, Butane or Propane may be used where piped natural gas is not available Stationary LPG receiving tanks must bear approval label from the authorities Where such authorities have no labeling requirements, the tanks must be A.P.1 -ASME pressure vessels or approved equivalent 7.2 DESIGN CRITERIA • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Storage capacity shall be based on local logistic and local regulations and shall sufficiently supply throughout the regular redelivery period and at minimum of seven days full consumption Refer to LPGA Code of Practice No Part 4:1999 or NFPA 58 The entire system shall be in compliance with NFPA requirements The main gas supply valve shall automatically shut-off in case of a fire alarm Automatic shut off must also be provided on supplies to all kitchens There shall be a manual shut-OFF valve for the main supply LPG installation to be above grade, with secure and lockable access LPG piping system within the building to be designed to convey only vaporized natural gas An automatic fresh water sprinkler system to provide a fine mist is required if cylinders installed in the maximum ambient temperature at 40°C or higher The system must comply with NFPA 58 and any other local authority requirements In cold climates, if heating is required to boost up the pressure in the cylinders It must be followed local codes and the practices Connection from small cylinders to manifold to be made by flexible hose reinforced with stainless mesh or equal Vaporizers must be non-direct fired type All electrical components must be protected by weather and dust proof enclosures to IP66 classification with lockable cover and sufficient earthing Primary pressure reducing valves, shut off valves, safety relief valves, gauges and similar devices to be located outside of the building Gas piping must avoid hazardous areas such as electrical rooms, locked store rooms, computer electronics and communication rooms or areas subject to mechanical vibration or atmosphere detrimental to the piping material Gas piping must avoid running into any sleeping area and areas of public assembly Gas piping within the building must not be run in concealed or suspended ceilings or plenums Page | 15 • • • • • • • • • • Distribution manifolds must be mounted a minimum 150 mm above floor Gas pressure shall not exceed 14” W.C Pipe to be welded for entire run through such areas All horizontal runs must be pitched slightly towards a condensation pocket equipped with a small pet cock Each kitchen and all other areas, where gas is consumed, must have a clearly marked and easy to operate emergency manual shut-OFF valve Gas detection heads must be installed at all gas usage and distribution points and be integrated into the fire alarm system with automatic shutdown Pressure regulators must be provided to suit the kitchen equipment requirement Gas cooking appliances requiring shifting for cleaning purposes to connect to the gas line by means of a stainless steel reinforced hose, limited to a maximum length of 1.20 m Each gas appliance connection to be provided with a lubricated stop cock and an independent pressure reducing regulator The storage tanks must also be electrically earthed as protection against accumulation of static electricity 7.3 GAS METERING • • • • Main incoming meters by Utility Company Preferably be located outside the building If indoor, area must be naturally ventilated Secondary meters must be provided for each profit center that requires it Meters must be located in the same areas as the primary meters 7.4 COMMISSIONING AND TESTING • • • Gas distribution piping to be designed and tested at a minimum 2.5 times working pressure, and not less than bar and deemed adequate when air pressure test is maintained without observable pressure loss for a period of one hour Pipework must be purged with an inert gas such as nitrogen prior to filling the system with gas Where required by the local regulation, specialist shall the test and certified Page | 16 SWIMMING POOL AND WATER FEATURE SYSTEM 8.1 CODES AND STANDARDS • Pools must be designed in compliance with the following international codes and standards:o ANSI/ASME A112.19.8 (Suction fittings for swimming and wading pools, spas, hot tubs and whirlpool bathtub appliances) o ANSI/ASME A112.19.17-2002 (Manufactured safety vacuum release systems (SVRS) for residential and commercial pool, spa, hot tub and wading pool suction systems) o ASTM F 2387-04 (Standard specifications for manufactured safety vacuum release systems, swimming pools, spas and hot tubs) o IAPMO SPS-4 2000 (Special use suction fittings for swimming pools, spas and hot tubs) o NFPA 70-2005 (National Electrical Code, Article 680, Swimming pools, fountains and similar installation) o ANSI/APSP-7 2006 (The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals to avoid suction entrapment risk) o EN 13451-1 (European Standards for Swimming Pool) o CJJ122-2008 (Technical specification for water supply and drainage engineering of swimming pool) 8.2 DESIGN CRITERIA • • • The swimming pool system must be a pumped circulation system with a turnover rate of not less than once every six hours Turnover rates for other kinds of pools must be as follows; Pool Type Turnover Period Leisure water bubble pools 5–20 minutes Teaching pool 0.5–1 hour Waterslide splash pools 0.5–1 hour Leisure waters up to 0.5m deep Max 0.5 hour Leisure water 0.5m to 1m deep 0.5–1 hour Leisure waters 1m to 1.5m deep 1–1.5 hours Leisure pools over 1.5m deep 2–2.5 hours Lap pool with less than 1m depth hours Lap pool with more than 1m depth hours Pool water temperatures must be as follows: Pool Type Leisure Pool Wading/Paddling Pool Diving/Competition Pool Plunge Pool - Adjacent Saunas Page | 17 Temperature Range 27°C to 29°C 28°C to 30°C 26°C to 27°C 16°C to 20°C • • • • Re-circulation inlets must be submerged and be located to produce uniform circulation of water throughout the pool without any dead spots They must also be designed to carry pool bottom deposits to the outlets Pool recirculation systems must be the overflow type (gravity feed system) Quality of the pool water must be maintainable at acceptable levels All critical chemical parameters must be monitored and maintained automatically within the range +/- 10% The swimming pool water quality must be as follows: Parameter PH Alkalinity Calcium Hardness (Calcium Carbonate) Total Dissolved Solids • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Ideal 7.4 to 7.6 120 to 180 mg/l Acceptable Range 7.2 to 7.8 75 to 250 mg/l 150 to 200 mg/l < 1,500 ppm 100 to 500 mg/l < 3,000 ppm Pool make up water must be potable standard and supplied to the pool automatically, via the surge tank Back flow preventers must be provided Water meters must be provided on the pool make up and filtration blow down lines A minimum of two vacuum outlets secured with caps must be provided on the pool deck The recognized pH and Chlorine control and monitoring system must include recorder, resettable on/off dosing switches, and high and low concentration alarms locally Surge tanks must be designed to balance the system, sized at - 10% of the pool volume with lockable access and stainless steel internal ladders A guttering system and drain outlets must be provided in the pool pump room If the pump room is located underground then a pump lifting station must be provided At least overflow drain pipes must be provided from the surge tank to drain the excess water due to rainwater from the pool, in case of blockage of one overflow pipe Fresh water hose bibs must be provided for hosing the pool deck, walkways, changing rooms, toilets and pool equipment room Each hose bib location must have a floor drain except on sidewalks and outside planters These taps must be installed with high hazard, backflow prevention device assemblies A deluge type self-operated shower must be provided on the pool deck Salt water pools must be provided with at least two deluge type fresh water showers In areas where a pool deck is accessible from a beach, a deluge type shower must be provided at the access point to the pool deck A footbath where it is required must be followed by a shower on each side Guttering or drain outlets from water feature overspill must be provided Page | 18 8.3 POOL SAFETY • • • • • • • • • • • • • The entire circulating system design must conform to applicable codes and avoid entrapment hazards in pool ANSI/APSP-7 2006 standard covers the following risks: o Hair entanglement o Body vacuum entrapment o Evisceration o Mechanical finger entrapment o Mechanical entrapment Swimming pools and aerated and therapeutic spas must comply with the current version of APSP-7 to enhance the safety of the pools, create a safer environment around the pool, reduce child drowning and reduce the number of suction entrapment incidents Floor drains must not be provided All drains, jet nozzles and suction inlets/outlets for all pools, whirlpools, water features and/or water fountains must be fitted with anti-entrapment (hair, digit and suction) listed drain covers as per the current version of ASME/ANSI A112.19.8 to prevent entrapment All drain covers must be secured on drains at all times Properties must retain a letter by the installer that states that the cover was installed as per the manufacturer‘s instructions A Safety Vacuum Release System (SVRS) or other approved automatic drain blockage relief system as mentioned below (which ceases operation of the pump, reverses the circulation flow, or otherwise provides a vacuum release at the suction outlet when blockages such as body, limb, hair, mechanical or evisceration is detected) must be provided for all existing pools, whirlpools, water features and fountains that currently have a single main drain installed o Suction-Limiting Vent System with a tamper resistant atmospheric opening o Gravity Drainage System- utilising a collector tank o Automatic Pump Shut-off System, connected to a Medical Alert Alarm System o Drain Disablement- A devise to disable the drain o Other Systems- Any other systems determined to be equally as effective as or better than the systems described above All newly constructed pools, whirlpools, water features and fountains must be designed without the need for a SVRS A professionally fitted pool cover must be installed when the outdoor pool is closed for the season The temporary use of pool covers is prohibited When used, pool covers and their installation must meet local code regulations Diving boards, platforms, pool seats or ledges, and slides are prohibited The storage of the chemical drums must be in compliance with safety standard for chemicals handling A water supply hose bib must be provided inside the chemical store Sufficient warning signs must be clearly visible instructing staff to use the various items of PPE The following PPE equipment must be provided as a minimum: o An eyewash station adjacent to each main chemical handling or decanting point o A respirator capable of dealing with acid and chlorine gases and vapours o Chemical splash proof eye protection (ordinary spectacles are not protection) Page | 19