(Luận văn thạc sĩ) pragmatic aspects of the conversations in new interchange 3

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY KHANXAY MUENSOPHA PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF THE CONVERSATIONS IN NEW INTERCHANGE h MASTER THESIS IN ENGLISH LINGUISTICS Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr NGUYỄN QUANG NGOẠN BINH DINH – 2020 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY KHANXAY MUENSOPHA PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF THE CONVERSATIONS IN NEW INTERCHANGE h FIELD: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS CODE: 8.22.02.01 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr NGUYỄN QUANG NGOẠN BINH DINH – 2020 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN KHANXAY MUENSOPHA CÁC KHÍA CẠNH NGỮ DỤNG TRONG HỘI THOẠI CỦA GIÁO TRÌNH NEW INTERCHANGE h CHUYÊN NGÀNH: NGÔN NGỮ ANH MÃ SỐ: 8.22.02.01 Người hướng dẫn: PGS.TS NGUYỄN QUANG NGOẠN BÌNH ĐỊNH – 2020 h STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I declare that this thesis is my own and original No other person’s work has been used without acknowledgement in the thesis, which has not been submitted for any degree at any institution Binh Dinh, 2018 Signature Khanxay Muensopha h i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Quang Ngoan for his support and guidance in my completion of the thesis I am also thankful to all the lecturers at Quy Nhon University for their profound knowledge and endless support during my study at Quy Nhon University I would also like to thank my educational leaders in Laos who gave me the chance to study for my Master’s Degree at Quy Nhon University as well as my classmates who were always willing to help me and give me their best suggestions and encouragement during my process of h conducting the study Finally, I owe the completion of this research paper to my wife and children, who have always been cheering me up and standing by me on my road to success ii ABSTRACT This study is to identify and analyze types and frequencies of occurrence of presuppositions, types of hedges, and types of politeness constraints in the conversations in New Interchange The quantitative approach and qualitative approach are combined and the statistic, analytic, synthetic, descriptive, and comparative methods are used to examine 530 linguistic items collected from 32 conversations in the text book and analyzed on the basis of the theories by Yule (1996), Vartalla (2001), Grice (1975), and Leech (2005) The results show that in terms of presuppositions, six types of presuppositions including existential, factive, lexical, structural, nonfactive, and counter-factual presuppositions are used, with existential h presuppositions being the most frequently used As regards hedges, six out of seven types of hedges are realized, including: modal auxiliary, verb, adjective, adverb, phrase, and clause hedges, with adverb hedges being the most popular When it comes to politeness constraints, all the ten politeness constraints suggested by Leech (2005) are found at different frequencies, of which the opinion-reticence constraint proves to be employed the most iii TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP…………………………………… i AKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………… ii ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………… iii TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………… iv ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS ……………………… viii LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………… … ix LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………… … x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION h 1.1 Rationale .1 1.2 Aim and Objectives 1.2.1 Aim .2 1.2.2 Objectives 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Scope of the Study 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Structure of the Thesis CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Pragmatics and Pragmatic Competence .6 2.1.1 Pragmatics 2.1.2 Pragmatic Competence 68 iv 2.2 Presupposition .7 2.2.1 Definitions of Presupposition 2.2.2 Types of Presuppositions 2.3 Hedges 11 2.3.1 Definitions of Hedge .11 2.2.2 Types of Hedges 13 2.4 Politeness Theories .18 2.4.1 Definitions of Politeness 18 2.4.2 Politeness Theories 18 2.5 An Overview of the Previous Studies 23 2.5.1 Previous Studies on Presuppositions 23 2.5.2 Previous Studies on Hedges 25 h 2.5.3 Previous Studies on Linguistic Politeness 27 2.5.4 Previous Studies on the data of the New Interchange Series 29 2.6 Summary .31 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 32 3.1 Research Methods 32 3.2 Data Source and Samples .33 3.3 Data Analysis 34 3.4 Validity and Reliability .37 3.5 Summary .37 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .38 4.1 Presuppositions in the conversations in New Interchange 39 v 4.1.1 Existential Presuppositions 40 4.1.2 Factive Presuppositions 41 4.1.3 Lexical Presuppositions 42 4.1.4 Structural Presuppositions .43 4.1.5 Non-factive Presuppositions 45 4.1.6 Counter-factual Presuppositions 46 4.1.7 Concluding Remarks .47 4.2 Hedges in the conversations in New Interchange 48 4.2.1 Modal Auxiliary Hedges 49 4.2.2 Verb Hedges 50 4.2.3 Adjective Hedges 52 4.2.4 Adverb Hedges 52 h 4.2.5 Noun hedges 54 4.2.6 Phrase Hedges 54 4.2.7 Clause Hedges 55 4.2.8 Concluding Remarks .57 4.3 Politeness Constraints in the Conversations in New Interchange .58 4.3.1 Generosity Constraint .59 4.3.2 Tact Constraint .60 4.3.3 Approbation Constraint 61 4.3.4 Modesty Constraint 62 4.3.5 Obligation of S to O Constraint 63 4.3.6 Obligation of O to S Constraint 64 vi