(Luận văn thạc sĩ) conceptual metaphors of emotion in hillary clinton’s public talks

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY  - - NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG ĐIỆP CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF EMOTION IN HILLARY CLINTON'S PUBLIC TALKS h MASTER THESIS FIELD : English Linguistics CODE : 22 02 01 Supervisor: HÀ THANH HẢI, Ph.D BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG ĐIỆP ẨN DỤ TRI NHẬN VỀ CẢM XÚC TRONG NHỮNG BÀI PHÁT BIỂU CỦA HILLARY CLINTON h Chuyên ngành : Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số : 22 02 01 Người hướng dẫn : TS HÀ THANH HẢI BÌNH ĐỊNH, 2020 i DECLARATION This thesis represents my own work and due acknowledgment is given whenever information is derived from other sources No material which has been or is being concurrently submitted for any other qualification at any university is found, except where due reference has been made in the text Quy Nhon, 2020 h Nguyễn Thị Hồng Điệp ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A number of people helped me when this thesis was on its ways My grateful thanks in particular are to my supervisor, Dr Ha Thanh Hai, who has supported me a lot during the time I work on my thesis I thank him for his kind encouragements, his endless patience, his critical comments and his valuable materials Special thanks are to my parents, and my husband for their love and kind support during the time I was engaged in this work I am also grateful to my friends and classmates for their warm encouragements, help and valuable materials This thesis would not be possible without their contributions h iii ABSTRACT Metaphor exists in our daily life, not just in our language, but also in our thought and action Language expressions in most languages are largely shaped by conceptual metaphors, which results in a great number of systems of collocations in which a word could and should be followed by some particular words, not all This phenomenon of language causes difficulties in the study process of language learners with little knowledge on conceptual metaphor This thesis, therefore, aimed to find out conceptual metaphors of different types of emotions in public talks of an English-native political figure to provide English learners with deeper insight in the formation and use of conceptual metaphors of emotion in daily life, thereby facilitating their English learning process The h analysis method of the thesis was based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory suggested by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and the Source-to-Target Mappings by Kovecses (2005) Data of the study were conceptual metaphors identified in public talks of Hillary Clinton, a political figure of the United States of America Results showed that “love” and “fear” were the two types of emotion that received the greatest number of conceptualization, while “sadness” and “surprise” received the least attention Emotion in general was mainly conceptualized by Hillary Clinton via two metaphorical expressions, viz “EMOTION IS LIQUID” and “EMOTION IS A PHYSICAL SENSATION” Besides, each type of emotion was conceptualized with a wide range of conceptual metaphors The common appearance of ontological metaphors and structural metaphors in Hillary Clinton’s speeches was believed to enhance the iv understandability and listener-friendliness of her speeches, resulting in a better chance for her to reach the acceptance and agreement of the audience On the other hand, orientational metaphors were used very rarely, which were believed to make little contribution to her talks One potential implication of this study was for proposing a teaching method to help Vietnamese students learn English phrases expressing emotion more effectively, thereby conveying their ideas in English more accurately h v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.2.1 Aims of the Study h 1.2.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 METAPHORS AND CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS 2.1.1 Definition of metaphors and conceptual metaphors 2.1.2 Conceptual metaphor theory by Lakoff and Johnson 2.1.3 Classification of conceptual metaphors vi 2.2 EMOTIONS AND CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF EMOTIONS 14 2.2.1 The concept of emotion 14 2.2.2 Language and emotion 15 2.2.3 Classification of emotions 16 2.3 SOME PREVIOUS RELEVANT STUDIES 17 2.3.1 Studies on emotion conceptual metaphors in the world 17 2.3.2 Vietnamese studies 19 2.4 SUMMARY 20 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 22 3.1 RESEARCH METHODS 22 h 3.2 DATA COLLECTION 22 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS 23 3.4 RESEARCH PROCEDURES 24 CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 25 4.1 FINDINGS 25 4.1.1 Identified metaphor expressions in the study 25 4.1.2 Statistics of the identified metaphors 28 4.2 DISCUSSION 33 4.2.1 Conceptualization of emotion in general 33 4.2.2 Conceptualization of love 39 vii 4.2.3 Conceptualization of happiness 43 4.2.4 Conceptualization of sadness 46 4.2.5 Conceptualization of fear 48 4.2.6 Conceptualization of hate 52 4.2.7 Conceptualization of anger 54 4.2.8 Conceptualization of surprise 58 4.2.9 Contributions that metaphors made to Hillary Clinton’s talks 60 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDIES 62 5.1 CONCLUSION 62 h 5.2 IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY 63 5.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 63 5.4 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDIES 63 REFERENCES 65 APPENDIXES i Identified samples with categorization into metaphorical expressions .i CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE Although metaphor is deemed by most people as a matter of words rather than thought or action, Lakoff and Johnson (1980) have found that metaphor is “pervasive in everyday life, not just in language but in thought and action” (p.4), which means that metaphors are used in our daily life no matter we realize it or not They also found that most of “our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature” (p.4) According to them, the concepts that govern our thoughts and actions are not just matters of the intellect, but they also take part in structuring “what we perceive, h how we get around in the world, and how we relate to other people” (p.4) Because communication comes from our thinking and acting, language is greatly dependent on the conceptual system related to that language Therefore, in order to learn a new language, it is a good idea to start at finding out the conceptual system of people using that language with an investigation into the use of metaphors In fact, conceptual metaphors have been investigated in the fields of literature, grammar, specific discourses, and also in second language teaching where it has been argued that knowing the metaphor-based explanation for idiomatic and polysemic expressions can aid in their learning (Soriano, 2015) There has been much research on the metaphors of emotions in English (Kovecses, 2005; Mashak, Pazhakh & Hayati, 2012; Patowari, 2015; Soriano, 2015), and there have been several investigations into similarities and differences in metaphors of emotions between English and Vietnamese (Huong,