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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ I ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ Thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ Thay cho danh từ vật, vật, việc Thay cho danh từ người WHOM (làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó) WHICH (làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó) WHO (làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó) WHOSE (ln kèm với danh từ) Không dùng “that” sau dấu phẩy sau giới từ THAT (thay cho danh từ người lẫn vật) Bắt buộc dùng “that” sau danh từ người lẫn vật, sau đại từ bất định, sau tính từ so sánh … II TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ nơi chốn WHERE in/at/on + which = when/where TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ thời gian WHEN lý WHY for which = why III MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ XÁC ĐỊNH dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, phận quan trọng câu, bỏ mệnh đề khơng có nghĩa rõ ràng MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ KHƠNG XÁC ĐỊNH dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, phần giải thích thêm, bỏ mệnh đề cịn nghĩa rõ ràng MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ NỐI TIẾP dùng để giải thích câu, trường hợp dùng đại từ quan hệ which dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề V-ing Dùng đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trị làm chủ ngữ động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể chủ động Vp2 Dùng đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trị làm chủ ngữ động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể bị động MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN to V Cụm danh từ Khi đại từ quan hệ thay cho từ có chứa số thứ tự như: first, second, next, third last, only so sánh Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định rút gọn cách dùng cụm danh từ IV PRACTICE EXERCISES Exercise 1: Complete each sentence using " who, which, that, whom, whose, where, when, why" Question 1: Is there a particular sequence in you have to perform these tasks? Question 2: The other people live in the house are really friendly Question 3: They have two grown children, both of live abroad Question 4: The woman bike was stolen went to the police station Question 5: Tom travelled to a mountain is near the mountainous and remote town Question 6: I met a man with I used to work Question 7: What is the name of the boy lent Lisa the money? Question 8: Cohen, short film won awards, was chosen to direct the movie Question 9: The house was completed in 1856 was famous for its huge marble staircase Question 10: Anyone is interested in the job must apply before next Monday Question 11: One of the boys kept laughing, annoyed Jane intensely Question 12: Do you know the people live over the road? Question 13: She had three lovers, none of knew about the others Question 14: Alison Jones and her husband David, live in Hartlepool, are celebrating their golden wedding anniversary Question 15: I saw her and her dog were walking in the park this morning Question 16: Jurors, identities will be kept secret, will be paid $40 a day Question 17: Did you see the letter came today? Question 18: The author you criticized in your review has written a reply Question 19: The Kingfisher group, name was changed from Woolworths earlier this year, includes about 720 high street shops Question 20: He was very contemptuous of'popular' writers, he described as having no talent Question 21: We're having a small drink party for one of our colleagues, is leaving next week Question 22: Tell me the reason you were absent from class yesterday Question 23: She lived in Rome for a couple of years, she taught English Question 24: Bradford, Bren comes from, has a lot of good curry restaurants Question 25: That is the place we visited last year Question 26: This is the school assembly all pupils are expected to attend Question 27: The Wimbledon men’s final was the best game of tennis I’ve ever seen Question 28: She blamed herself for everything had happened Question 29: I know a restaurant the food is excellent Question 30: There isn’t a day I don’t feel rushed off my feet Exercise 2: Decide whether the clause in italics is Defining(D) or Non-defining (N) Write D or N next to each sentence Question 1: The bus which leaves at 30 doesn't stop at Cornwall Question 2: The food which was left was eaten the following day Question 3: His room which was small was filled with piles of old books Question 4: The bike which he wanted to buy was too expensive Question 5: These students who were late waited in the playground Question 6: The girl who was waiting was becoming impatient Question 7: Jane who was wearing a hat waited outside the room Question 8: My dog which was lying on the sofa had long pointed ears Question 9: Las Vegas, which is located in the State of Nevada, is well-known for its casinos and night clubs Question 10: My uncle, who works for a market research company, is now on a tour of South-East Asian countries Exercise 3: Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb Question 1: My parents spent their summer holiday in Scotland last month Scotland is in the north of Great Britain => Last year my parents _ Question 2: The man used to be a worker He is sitting in an armchair => The man Question 3: I talked to the girl Her car was broken down in front of the shop yesterday => I talked to the girl _ Question 4: I've just read a book It was called “Gone with The Wind” => I've just read Question 5: People live in Japan They are called Japanese => The people Question 6: Sarah thought the man was her buddy He was walking down the street => Sarah thought Question 7: Our homemade cakes are made from selected raw materials in our confectionery by master hand They are served at the royal wedding => Our homemade cakes, _ Question 8: Laura first went to Hanoi Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam => Laura Question 9: Sheila is one of my best friends I have known her for a very long time => Sheila, Question 10: The jungle is full of strange and unusual animals The tribe are living in the jungle => The jungle Question 11: Mr Parker was interested in my project I spoke to him on the phone yesterday => Mr Parker, Question 12: The woman the Minister of Agriculture She is making a speech => The woman Question 13: Mary was given a lot of information Most of the information was completely inaccurate => Mary Question 14: Volleyball is very good for health It is a popular sport => Volleyball, _ Question 15: There were a lot of people at her birthday party She had met only a few of these people before => There were a lot of people _ Question 16: The mountain is the highest mountain in the world It is called Everest The mountain, Question 17: Michiko has gone through several earthquakes He has lived in Japan for 10 years => Michiko, Question 18: Here is the assignment You must finish it before going to the class => Here is the Question 19: She has come up with some amazing ideas We can discuss them at the meeting => She has come up with Question 20: The university guarantees accommodation in halls of residence The freshmen can live there => The university Question 21: A boy was injured in the accident He is now in the hospital => The boy Question 22: There were some good programmes on the radio None of the programmes I listened to => There were some good Question 23: The package reached me this morning My father sent it yesterday => The package Question 24: Our school has a good laboratory The students practice chemistry in this laboratory => Our school has _ Question 25: My sister is thinking of opening an eating-house She is an excellent cook => My sister, Question 26: One reason was that the interview times were too short The panel could not decide who was the best person for the job for that reason => One reason Question 27: The parcel arrived in the post at 11 am I was still at work then => The parcel Question 28: Students should get involved in environmental groups on campus They are concerned with the environment => Students Question 29: The girl solved the algebra problem She was fully praised by the teacher => The girl Question 30: Jackson made no such mistake in the 1000 m He had been disqualified from the men’s 200m final after a false start => Jackson, Question 31: We drove past my old school It is celebrating its 100th anniversary this year => We drove Question 32: Kate has gone to work in Australia I used to share a house with his sister => Kate Question 33: Last week we visited the school We went to school together when we were in Atlanta => Last week Question 34: The hotel has been demolished We spent our honeymoon there => The hotel Question 35: I still remember the day My mother took me to school for the first time on that day => I still Exercise 4: Combine the following sentences, using preposition + whom or which Question 1: The lady gave me good advice I spoke to her an hour ago => The lady Question 2: I’ll give you an address You should write to it => I’ll give Question 3: The picture is beautiful She was looking at it => he picture Question 4: The movie is fantastic They are talking about it => The movie Question 5: The song was interesting We listened to it last night => The song Question 6: The man was very kind I talked to him yesterday => The man Question 7: The man works in the hospital I told you about him => The man Question 8: Who was that boy? You were with him this morning => Who was Question 9: The man sat next to me on the bus this morning I got the news from that man => The man Question 10: The train was full of passengers and goods We traveled on it => The train Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences, using a present participial phrase Question 1: That man who lives on the next floor looks very lonely => Question 2: The person who interviewed me asked me some very difficult questions => Question 3: I saw some people and some animals that were working on the farm => Question 4: The man who answered the phone told me you were away => Question 5: Over two hundred people who attended the funeral expressed their grief at her son's death => Question 6: The person who did it was never caught => Question 7: Do you like the person who sits next to you? => Question 8: More and more people are rejecting food which don’t come from local producers => Question 9: The boy who is playing the piano is Ben => Question 10: The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet => Exercise 6: Rewrite the following sentences, using a past participial phrase Question 1: They work in the hospital which was sponsored by the government => Question 2: The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary => Question 3: They live in a house that was built in 1890 => Question 4: I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country => Question 5: The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting => Question 6: The sport games which were held in India in 1951 were the first Asian Games => Question 7: The girl who was injured in the accident is in the hospital now => Question 8: I am writing this letter in response to the vacancy which is advertised on the newspaper => Question 9: The house which was destroyed completely in the fire has now been rebuilt => Question 10: Our company is applying to these methods of working which were established in the last century => Exercise 7: Rewrite the following sentences, using an infinitive phrase Question 1: The last person that we must see is Mr Smith => Question 2: He was the first man who flew into space => Question 3: John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain => Question 4: My father is the only man who I can count on => Question 5: The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light => Question 6: This is the second person who was killed in that way => Question 7: The first person who catches the ball will be the winner => Question 8: Who was the last person who saw the young man alive? => Question 9: Sai Gon Times was the only newspaper which appeared that day => Question 10: Marie Curie was the first woman who was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry => Exercise 8: Rewrite the following sentences as required Question 1: My brother has a pen friend He has been writing to him for 20 years (whom) => Question 2: Sydney is the largest Australian city It is not the capital of Australia (reducing the relative clauses) => Question 3: John works with that other chap I can’t remember his name (whose) Question 4: The man who jogs regularly in the Botanic Gardens is swimming in his private pool (reducing the relative clauses) => Question 5: The shark which was caught at sea weighs two hundred kilos (reducing the relative clauses) => Question 6: She was the fourth woman who finished the race (reducing the relative clauses) => _ Question 7: The student wrote an outstanding paper He was awarded a prize for it (using preposition + whom/which) => _ Question 8: You should put the money in a savings account It will earn interest in the savings account (where) => Question 9: The car belongs to Mr Pike Its brake is being repaired (whose) => Question 10: He collects the things which were thrown away everywhere (reducing the relative clauses) => _ Question 11: We found the fifth person that survived after the earthquake (reducing the relative clauses) => Question 12: There was a tree which was blown down in the storm last night (reducing the relative clauses) => _ Question 13: The children who attend that school receive a good education (reducing the relative clauses) => _ Question 14: I must thank the man I got the present from him (using preposition + whom/which) => _ Question 15: It gives me a good chance to improve my Italian It has become a little bit rusty (which) => Exercise 9: Choose the best answer in the following question Question 1: She's one of the people love to be the centre of attention A which B who C whose D whom Question 2: They meet in an old house, basement has been converted into a chapel A whose B which C whom D that Question 3: There are lots of things I need to buy before the trip A that B whose C which D whom Question 4: I am writing in connection with the volunteer opportunities on 10 November A appeared B which appearing C to appear D appearing Question 5: Fraud detectives are investigating the company, three of senior executives have already been arrested A whom B whose C that D who Question 6: The people called yesterday want to buy the house A whose B which C who D whom Question 7: Isobel, brother he was, had heard the joke before A that B whom C whose D who Question 8: Do you remember that nice Mr Hoskins came to dinner? A which B whom C whose D who Question 9: His best movie, won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi A that B whose C which D whom Question 10: It was a crisis for she was totally unprepared A whose B which C who D whom Question 11: The Kingfisher group, name was changed from Woolworths earlier this year, includes about 720 high street shops A whom B whose C which D that Question 12: We don’t know the person donated this money A that B whom C whose D who Question 13: We drove past my old school, is celebrating its 100th anniversary this year A where B whom C whose D which Question 14: He was the first director of the National Science Foundation, and he funded science research with an annual budget grew to 500 million dollars A whom B whose C that D why Question 15: Modem office buildings have false floors, under computer and phone wires can be laid A why B where C which D whom Question 16: Super Star's video tapes have all been packed up, waiting for the day he finds a new location A whose B why C when D where Question 17: The name originated from the days this house belonged to the local policeman A when B why C which D whom Question 18: The hall you’re giving your talk has a really good sound system A whom B whose C where D which Question 19: Jackson is the most good-looking boy to this school A to come B coming C has come D comes Question 20: We stood on the bridge the two small towns of the London A connected B was connecting C connecting D connects Question 21: The woman in the hall expected to make a phone call A waiting B was waiting C had been waiting D waited Question 22: Khrushchev may have been perspicacious enough to imagine the day his turn would come and he would become Special Pensioner Khrushchev A when B where C which D why Question 23: The conference by non-governmental organizations was about globalization A plans B planning C planned D is planning Question 24: Peter is the youngest person to part in the race A take B taken C takes D taking Question 25: The books by William Shakespeare are interesting A writes B writing C written D wrote Question 26: He was the only person to there at the time A have been living B live C have lived D living Question 27: The term track and field refers to athletic events include foot races and jumping and throwing events A of which B that C in which D where Question 28: That was the week we booked our holiday A why B when C where D which Question 29: The citrus fruit has been exposed to cool temperatures during maturation is sweeter and more tender than those that have not A whom B whose C which D where Question 30: There are times I wonder why I this job A when B where C why D which Question 31: San Francisco, America's romantic city, has always been a haven for the artists and writers have left at least part of their hearts there A who B whom C whose D why Question 32: The educated man is the man expression is educated A whom B whose C when D why Question 33: Canada, I spent most of my childhood, is a country of vast plains and heavy forested areas A in which B when C for which D whom Question 34: The title of the book is the name of the community the author grew up A when B in which C at which D why Question 35: Mistletoe, is believed to have magic powers, is traditionally over doorways during the Christmas season A that B whom C which D where Question 36: I have never forgot the beloved school I studied in A which B when C whom D whose Question 37: The safe we put our jewelry and other valuables was stolen by a group of thieves last night A whose B in which C whom D why Question 38: She was at the JW Marriott Hanoi I was telling you A on which B to which C at which D about which Question 39: Martin Stevenson, children I have been looking after since I started the university in London, is my history professor A whose B which C that D whom Question 40: The day I'm forced to give up my dream is a sad day for me A where B on which C at which D why Question 41: The extent the stock market is affected by the day-to-day pronouncements of the President of the United States is astonishing A of which B where C to which D when Question 42: Jack was the handsome person I was talking yesterday A on whom B in whom C with whom D for whom Question 43: In many parts of the world, the grass is called vetiver is known for its fragrant oil as well as its ability to prevent soil erosion A who B which C whose D whom Question 44: David lives in the street the houses are surrounded with lush lawns and green gardens A on which B at which C for which D in which Question 45: The moment I learned the results of the art competition was one of the worst times in my life A when B why C where D which Question 46: The gorgeous picture you are looking in the hall is very expensive A on which B at which C in which D for which Question 47: He was the third man in this way A killing B was killed C to have been killed D to be killed Question 48: I have two sisters, both of want to become an English teacher in the future A whom B who C which D where Question 49: Dalat, I paid a visit last summer vacation, is extremely magnificent A whose B which C where D that TỔNG ÔN NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH Chuyên đề 12 – Mệnh đề quan hệ Exercise 1: Complete each sentence using " who, which, that, whom, whose, where, when, why" Question 1: Is there a particular sequence in you have to perform these tasks? Giải thích: giới từ đứng trước “which” vật “whom” người Căn vào danh từ “sequence - trình tự/chuỗi” danh từ vật => Đáp án: which Dịch: Có trình tự cụ thể mà bạn phải thực nhiệm vụ không? Question 2: The other people live in the house are really friendly Giải thích: Ta cần đại từ quan hệ thay cho people (danh từ người) làm chủ ngữ câu => Đáp án: who Dịch: Những người khác sống nhà thân thiện Question 3: They have two grown children, both of live abroad Giải thích: Giới từ đứng trước “which” vật “whom” người => Đáp án: whom Dịch: Họ có hai người trưởng thành, hai sống nước Question 4: The woman bike was stolen went to the police station Giải thích: whose đứng hai danh từ để mối quan hệ sở hữu, vào ’’woman" “bike” danh từ nên ta dùng whose đứng chúng => Đáp án: whose Dịch: Người phụ nữ có xe đạp bị đánh cắp tới đồn cảnh sát Question 5: Tom travelled to a mountain is near the mountainous and remote town Giải thích: which đại từ quan hệ vật *Căn vào “mountain-ngọn núi” danh từ vật nên ta dùng which/that, đóng vai trị làm chủ ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ phía sau Vì mệnh đề quan hệ xác định nên hồn tồn dùng “that” thay “which” *Lưu ý dùng “where” - đại từ nơi chốn, đại từ nơi chốn khơng có chức làm động từ câu => Đáp án: which/that Dịch: Tom du lịch đến núi gần thị trấn xa xôi hẻo lánh