Lithography Part 14 docx

2.2 UV-nanoimprint lithography [...]... are shown in Figs 14( b) 14( d), respectively Similar images were observed for the pattern molded with the heating temperatures of 180 and 170 ºC The contrast between the PC pattern and the surrounding became less pronounced at a heating temperature of 165 ºC When the heating temperature was 160 ºC, the cross-mark composed of the nanopattern could not be resolved 530 Lithography Fig 14 Optical micrographs... simultaneously impressed during the contact time Figures 14( e) and 14( f) show an optical microscopy photograph of the PC pattern from a separate experiment in which ultrasonic vibration impression began when the contact force reached 20, and 100 N, respectively All the cross-mark images can be confirmed in Fig 14( e) The contrast of the pattern and the circumference part becomes overwhelmingly clear when compared... explanation is that the patterns III, IV, and V were located in the central part of the electroformed-Ni mold For the concave mold, it is necessary to fill the concave pattern by moving the softened molding material from the surroundings of the mold pattern to its central part Normally, in comparison to the edge of the mold, its center part is not readily molded Figure 8(a) shows a photograph of an embossed... References International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor Industry Association Alternative Lithography , 25 Effect of Applying Ultrasonic Vibration in Hot Embossing and Nanoimprint Harutaka Mekaru National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Japan 1 Introduction Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a technology where fine structures on a mold (or template) are transferred... was started Figure 14( a) shows an optical microscopy photograph of the PC pattern imprinted under these conditions The shape of the imprinted pattern was primarily evaluated by optical microscopy considering the fact that in actual alignment it is the optical image that the CCD camera looks at The cross-marks composed of the four types of nanopatterns can be clearly seen in Fig 14( a) On the other hand,... details of the pattern size of the Ni mold measured with a three-dimensional (3D) laser microscope VK-9700 (Keyence Corp.) A polycarbonate (PC) was selected for the molding material The Tg of PC is 144 ºC 520 Lithography Fig 3 Photograph of electroformed -Ni mold and details of measured pattern size The best molding conditions in the vacuum hot embossing were: mold temperature Th = 180 ºC, contact force... vibration); (d) Atmosphere hot embossing (Th =200 ºC, F =5.0 kN,t =1,800 s); (e) Ultrasonic hot embossing by overload (Th =180 ºC, F =4.0 kN, t =150 s) 522 Lithography 2000 Mold temperature: Th 1800 180℃ Contact time（(sec) 成形時間:t tsec） 1600 200℃ 140 0 220℃ Atmospheric hot embossing 1200 Effect of assistance by ultrasonic vibration 1000 800 Vacuum hot embossing 600 400 Ultrasonic-vibration hot embossing... observed in Fig 14( f) The cross-mark composed of the dotted pattern of 750 nm squares could be observed with high contrast It turned out that nanoimprint became feasible by impressing ultrasonic vibration below the molding boundary condition of thermal nanoimprint In addition, it was confirmed that the timing of the initiation of the ultrasonic vibration impression played an important part here, and... confirmed, although there was a difference in the 535 Effect of Applying Ultrasonic Vibration in Hot Embossing and Nanoimprint Materials PET ABS PMMA COP PC PI Glass transition temperature (ºC) 69 105 114 138 144 336 Indented depth (nm) when loading force was 10 mN 2342 2603 1656 4731 1891 1598 1 Table 1.Estimated Tg and measured indented depths of PET, ABS, PMMA, COP, PC, and PI contrast In convex patterns... force of 1.0 kN Fig 8 Photograph of all embossed patterns when the contact force was 1.0 kN: (a) without ultrasonic vibration, and (b) with ultrasonic vibration An inside of the white dotted circle is a part of flow shortage of PC White and solid frames are shown as an array of pattern I Effect of Applying Ultrasonic Vibration in Hot Embossing and Nanoimprint 525 when the ultrasonic vibration was not . UV-nanoimprint lithography