ngữ pháp tiếng anh tổng hợp bài tập (hay)

ngữ pháp tiếng anh tổng hợp bài tập (hay) ngữ pháp tiếng anh tổng hợp bài tập (hay) ngữ pháp tiếng anh tổng hợp bài tập (hay) ngữ pháp tiếng anh tổng hợp bài tập (hay) ngữ pháp tiếng anh tổng hợp bài tập (hay) ngữ pháp tiếng anh tổng hợp bài tập (hay) ngữ pháp tiếng anh tổng hợp bài tập (hay)

1 MÔN TIẾNG ANH Cách sử dụng tài liệu: - Cách xem nhanh tài liệu: Rê chuột đến phần cần xem, cụ thể + Giữ phím Ctrl đồng thời click trái chuột; + Muốn mục lục dùng tổ hợp: ctrl-home - Lưu ý: Không chỉnh tiêu đề, thay đổi đường dẫn cách xem tài liệu Nếu thay đổi tiêu đề phải làm lại đường dẫn liên kết Mục lục I Tóm tắt lý thuyết, tập đề ôn luyện: Theories and exercises (Lí thuyết tập) A PHONETICS SOUNDS STRESS B GRAMMAR Tenses Verb forms Passive voice Relative clauses Word forms Tag questions Subject and verb agreement Result clauses Phrases and clauses of purpose 10 WH questions 11 Reported speech 12 Enough/ Too to inf - Used to – be (get) used to 13 Phrasal verbs 14 Prepositions 15 Articles 16 Conjunctions 17 Conditional sentences 18 The comparison of adjectives and adverbs 3 Sample tests (Các đề mẫu tham khảo) Practice test Practice test Practice test Practice test Practice test Practice test Practice test Practice test Practice test 10 Practice test 10 11 ĐỀ THI TN-2009 12 ĐỀ THI TN-2010 Tài liệu định hướng ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12- 2011 6 15 21 28 32 33 36 37 39 41 46 51 53 59 64 65 68 72 72 76 79 83 86 90 93 96 99 102 105 109 II Đáp án (KEYS): A PHONETICS 112 KEY- SOUNDS KEY- STRESS B GRAMMAR 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 113 Key-Tenses Key-Verb forms Key-Passive voice Key-Relative clauses Key-Word forms Key-Tag questions Key-Subject and verb agreement Key-Result clauses Key-Phrases and clauses of purpose Key-WH questions Key-Reported speech Key-Enough/ Too to inf - Used to – be (get) used to Key-Phrasal verbs Key-Prepositions Key-Articles Key-Conjunctions Key-Conditional sentences Key-The comparison of adjectives and adverbs Sample tests (Các đề mẫu tham khảo) Key-Practice test Key-Practice test Key-Practice test Key-Practice test Key-Practice test Key-Practice test Key-Practice test Key-Practice test Key-Practice test 10 Key-Practice test 10 11 Key-ĐỀ THI TN-2009 12 Key-ĐỀ THI TN-2010 Tài liệu định hướng ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12- 2011 121 PART I: THEORIES AND EXERCISES A PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM) SOUNDS CÁCH PHÁT ÂM " S"CUỐI : trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều động từ số Khi sau phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/ /s/ Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books Khi sau phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/ Hoặc chữ cái: s, x, z, / iz / ch, sh, ce, ge Ex: washes , kisses , oranges… Không thuộc hai loại Ex: bags , kids , days … /z / Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, có ngoại lệ cần nhớ: - Chữ s đọc /z /sau từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison -Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau từ sugar,sure Exercise: A proofs B books C points D days A asks B breathes C breaths D hopes A sees B sports C pools D trains A tombs B lamps C brakes D invites A books B floors C combs D drums A cats B tapes C rides D cooks A walks B begins C helps D cuts A shoots B grounds C concentrates D forests A helps B laughs C cooks D finds 10 A hours B fathers C dreams D thinks 11 A beds B doors C plays D students 12 A arms B suits C chairs D boards 13 A boxes B classes C potatoes D finishes 14 A relieves B invents C buys D deals 15 A dreams B heals C kills D tasks 16 A resources B stages C preserves D focuses 17 A carriages B whistles C assures D costumes 18 A offers B mounts C pollens D swords 19 A miles B words C accidents D names 20 A sports B households C minds D Plays CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây hình thức Past tensen Past participle: “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : Ex: wanted; decided “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch : Ex: asked; stopped; laughed “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ trường hợp : Ex: moved; played; raised Ngọai lệ: Đi -ed tính từ sau phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked Exercise: A worked A kissed A confused A devoted A catched A agreed B stopped B helped B faced B suggested B crashed B missed C forced C forced C cried C provided C occupied C liked Tài liệu định hướng ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12- 2011 D wanted D raised D defined D wished D coughed D watched A measured A wounded A imprisoned 10 A a.failed 11 A invited 12 A removed 13 A looked 14 A wanted 15 A laughed 16 A.believed 17 A.lifted 18 A collected 19 A walked 20 A.admired B pleased B routed B pointed B reached B attended B washed B laughed B.parked B passed B prepared B lasted B changed B entertained B looked C distinguished C wasted C shouted C absored C celebrated C hoped C moved C stopped C suggested C involved C happened C formed C reached C missed BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC: A heat B scream C meat A breakfast B teacher C east A thrilling B other C through A idea B going C will A face B place C prepared A Germany B garden C gate A scholarship B Christ C school A house B harm C hour A hundred B exhausted C however 10 A head B ready C mean 11 A choir B cheap C child 12 A charge B child C teacher 13 A reason B clear C mean 14 A motion B question C mention 15 A gather B good C large 16 A change B children C machine 17 A write B writer C writing 18 A share B rare C are 19 A apply B university C identity 20 A choice B achieve C each D managed D risked D surrounded D solved D díplayed D missed D.stepped D.watched D placed D liked D decided D viewed D looked D hoped D dead D please D something D trip D days D gas D chicken D husband D heat D weather D chair D champagne D each D fiction D again D church D written D declare D early D chemistry STRESS - Một số quy tắc để nhận biết trọng âm: 1/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào tiền tố (prefix) hậu tố (suffix):  ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather * Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway Dưới vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn từ gốc V + ment: ag'ree (thoả thuận) =>ag'reement V + al: ap'prove (chấp thuận) => ap'proval V + ance: re'sist (chống cự) =>re'sistance (sự V + y: de'liver (giao hàng)=> de'livery (sự giao chống cự) hàng) V + er: em'ploy (thuê làm) => em'ployer (chủ V + age: pack (đóng gói) => 'package (bưu kiện) lao động) V + ing: under'stand (hiểu) => under'standing V + or: in'vent (phát minh) => in'ventor adj + ness: 'bitter (đắng) => 'bitterness (nỗi cay V + ar: beg (van xin) => 'beggar (người ăn xin) đắng) 2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép dài, rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn /∂/ hay /i/ * EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy Tài liệu định hướng ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12- 2011 3/ Một từ hai vần vừa động từ vừa danh từ thì: Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse * Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v) 4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước hậu tố (suffixes) sau vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , ICAL, -UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , NOMY , -METRY EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television 5) Trọng âm rơi vào vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, AIRE, -SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon *Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon… Exercise: a pollute A mechanic A compulsory A nursery A curriculum A apology A interview A certificate A scientific 10 A especially 11 A importance 12 A aspect 13 A terrific 14 A recognize 15 A continent 16 A appalling 17 A policeman 18 A competition 19 A accountant 20 A Attention B contractual B military B intensity B focus B kindergarten B industrial B certificate B apartment B availlable B comfortably B subtraction B careful B applicant B challenge B belong B ashamed B cinema B intelligent B Arabic B interesting C reject C apologize C kidding C delicate C contaminate C industry C applicant C individual C suspicious C carefully C algebra C require C banking C symbolize C master C November C overcoat C automation C Germany C influence D marvellous D miraculous D invaluable D secure D conventional D disaster D primary D biology D supportive D possibly D example D successful D ignorant D continue D access D architect D politics D information D chemistry D television Tài liệu định hướng ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12- 2011 GRAMMAR Tenses The Simple Present (Thì đơn) a Form : ( Công thức ) - Khẳng định : I , We , You , They … ( S nhiều ) + V1 He , She , It ( S ) + V- s / es - Phủ định : I , We , You , They + don't + Vo He , She , It … + doesn't + Vo - Nghi vấn : Do + We , You , They + Vo … ? Does + He , She , It … + Vo … ? b Usage (Cách dùng ) : - Diễn tả chân lí, thật hiển nhiên Ex : The Earth goes round the sun - He is a doctor - Tom comes from England - Diễn tả thói quen việc xảy thường xuyên (để nhận biết, câu thường có: always, often, usually, sometimes, now and then, seldom, rarely, never, every ) Ex : He often goes to class late / My mother gets up early every morning Note : Thêm – es vào sau động từ tận : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch The Present Continuous (Thì tiếp diễn) a Form : - Khẳng định : S + am / is / are + V –ing - Phủ định : S + am / is / are ( not ) + V -ing - Nghi vấn : Are / Is + S + V-ing … ? Ex: We are studying English now b Usage ( Cách dùng) : - Diễn tả hành động tiếp diễn thời điểm nói (ở tại) * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time, at the moment, lệnh ( Look ! Listen ! ) Ex : - She is listening to his teacher now - Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai (có kế hoạch từ trước) Ex : She is getting married next year Note :* Be going to +Vo dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy mà tượng xuất hành động tương lai có dự định trước Ex: The grey dark appears It is going to rain The Present Perfect (Thì hịan thành) a Form : - Khẳng định : S + has / have + V3 , ed - Phủ định : S + has / have ( not ) V3 , ed - Nghi vấn : Has / Have + S + V3 , ed? b Usage (Cách dùng ): * Diễn tả hành động vừa xảy xảy không rõ thời gian (thường kèm với từ just, recently = lately, not yet, ever, never, aleady ) Ex : We haven’t finished our homework yet * Diễn tả hành động khứ kéo dài đến có khả tiếp tục tương lai (thường với từ since , for) Ex : - They have lived here for ten years * Ngịai cịn có số cụm từ thời gian : so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three… times Note : For ( many, several, 2, / + times, years, months or a long time = ages ) # since ( last week ) The Simple Past (Thì khứ đơn ) a Form : - Khẳng định : S + V2, ed … ( To be : was / were ) - Phủ định : S + did not Vo … - Nghi vấn : Did + S + Vo … ? Tài liệu định hướng ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12- 2011 b Usage : Diễn tả hành động xảy ra, chấm dứt khứ ( biết rõ thời gian ) thường có từ kèm : yesterday ,ago , last ( week /night … ) , in 1990 ( thời gian khứ ) The Past Continuous (Thì khứ tiếp diễn ) a Form : S + was / were + V - ing Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday b Usage : - Diễn tả hành động xảy vào thời điểm xác định khứ Ex : - What were you doing at p.m yesterday? - Diễn tả hành động xảy vào thời điểm xác định khứ hành động xảy ( hành động kéo dài ) có hành động khác xen vào Ex: a What were you doing at p.m yesterday? b We were watching television when he came - Diễn tả hành động xảy lúc khứ Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at ( the / this / that ) time, at the moment, at 4p.m + thời gian khứ ( yesterday, last ) Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday The Past perfect (Thì khứ hòan thành ) a Form : S + had V3 , ed b Usage : Diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khác khứ trước thời điểm khứ Ex : When I got up this morning, my mother had already left * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : before , after The simple future : (Thì tương lai đơn ) a Form : S + shall / will Vo b Usage : Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai : tomorrow , next ( week / month ) … , in 2020 The Perfect Future : ( Tương lai hòan thành ) Form S + will have V 3,ed Dấu hiệu nhận biết : By the end of … Ex : By the end of this year, I will have had a new bike Note : Sau when , while , before , after , until, by the time, as , as soon as, if ……… khơng dùng tương lai mà dùng đơn Ex : She will phone her parents when she comes here next week EXERCISES: I Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense She (not work)…………………., she (swim) ……………….in the river Why Ann (not wear) ……………… her new dress? You can't see Tom now: he (have) ……………… a bath He usually (drink) ……… coffee but today he (drink) …………… tea – What she (do) ………… in the evenings? – She usually (play) ……………cards or (watch)……………… TV She (stand) … at the bus stop I asked her what bus she (wait) …… for When I arrived , the lecture had already started and the professor (write) …………… on the overhead projector I didn't want to meet Paul , so when he entered the room I (leave) ……… He (watch) ……………… TV when the phone rang Very unwillingly he (turn) ………… down the sound and (go) ……………… to answer it 10 – This is my house – How long you (live)…………………… here? – I (live) …………………here since 1970 11 He (live) …… in London for two years and then (go) … to Edinburgh 12 I (not see) ………………… him for three years I wonder where he is Tài liệu định hướng ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12- 2011 13 I can't go out because I (not finish) ……………… my work 14 Here are your shoes; I just (clean) …………………… them 15 You (have) …… breakfast yet? – Yes, I (have) …………… it at 8.00 16 – You (be) ……………… here before? – Yes, I (spend) …………… my holidays here last year – You (have) ………………… a good time? – No, it never (stop) ………………… raining 17 – Where you (go) …… for your holidays this year? – I (go)… to Holland 18 They (get) ………………… married next week 19 – You (do) … anything tonight? – Yes, I (go) … to my carpentry class 20 Look at those clouds It (rain)………………… 21 You (have) ………………… time to help me tomorrow? 22 – Did you remember to book seats? – Oh no, I forgot I (telephone) …………… for them now 23 – He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg – I'm sorry to hear that I (send) ……………… him some grapes 24 I've hired a typewriter and I (learn) ………………… to type 25 I see that you have got a loom You (do) ………… some weaving? II Multiple choices She Hanoi last year A went B go C goes D is going Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours A are flying B would fly C will fly D can fly When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television A was calling- watched B called- have watched C called- was watching D had called- watched By the time next summer, you your studies A completes B will complete C are completing D will have completed Right now, Jim .the newspaper and Kathy .dinner A reads- has cooked B is reading- is cooking C has read- was cooking D read- will be cooking Last night at this time, they the same thing She and he the newspaper A are doing- is cooking- is reading B were doing- was cooking- was reading C was doing- has cooked- is reading D had done- was cooking- read – Hurry up! We’re waiting for you What’s taking you so long? – I …………… for an important phone call Go ahead and leave without me a wait b will wait c am waiting d have waited – Robert is going to be famous someday He …………… in three movies already – I’m sure he’ll be a star a has been appearing b has appeared c had appeared d appeared – Hello? Alice? This is Jeff How are you? – Jeff? What a coincidence! I ………… about you when the phone rang a was just thinking b just thought c have just been thinking d was just thought 10 – What …… about the new simplified tax law? – It’s more confusing than the old one a are you thinking b you think c have you thought d have you been thinking 11 – Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate? – I …………… a delicious dessert for dinner tonight a make b will make c am going to make d will have made 12 – Let’s go! What’s taking you so long? – I’ll be there as soon as I …… my keys a found b will find c find d am finding 13 While I ……………… TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor Tài liệu định hướng ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12- 2011 a watch b watched c was watching d am watching 14 The earth ……………… on the sun for its heat and light a is depend b depending c has depend d depends 15 I don’t feel good I ……………… home from work tomorrow a am staying b stay c will have stayed d stayed 16 I’ve been in this city for a long time I …………… here sixteen years ago a have come b was coming c came d had come 17 – May I speak to Dr Paine, please? – I’m sorry, he ………… a patient at the moment Can I help you? a is seeing b sees c has been seeing d was seeing 18 – Paul, could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes …… for at least 30 minutes a are boiling b have been boiling c boiling d were boiling 19 My family loves this house It …………….the family home ever since my grandfather built it 60 years ago a was b has been c is d will be 20 I know you feel bad now, Tommy, but try to put it out of your mind By the time you’re an adult, you ……………… all about it a forget b will have forgotten c will forget d forgot 21 The little girl started to cry She ……… her doll, and no one was able to find it for her a has lost b had lost c was losing d was lost 22 I much of you lately We three months ago A haven’t seen- last meet B didn’t see- met C haven’t seen- have meet D didn’t see- have met 23 The Chinese spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo back to Italy A made- brought B have made- brought C made- had brought D had been making- brought 24 When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker .speaking and the audience A just finished- were clapping B had just finished- had clapped C had just finished- were clapping D just finished- had clapped 25 He his job last month and then he out of work A lost- was B was lost- had been C has lost- was D lost- has been 26 Jane’s eyes burned and her shoulders ached She …………… at the computer for five straight hours Finally, she took a break a is sitting b has been sitting c was sitting d had been sitting 27 In the last hundred years, travelling .much easier and more comfortable A become B has become C became D will became 28 In the 19th century, it two or three months to across North America by covered wagon A took B had taken C had been taken D was taking 29 Sam to change a light bulb when he and A was trying -slipped- fell B tried- was slipping- falling C had been trying- slipped- was falling D has tried- slips- falls 30 In the past, the trip very rough and often dangerous, but things a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years A was- have changed B is- change C had been- will change D has been- changed Verb forms  Để dễ nhớ, ta chia hình thức động từ loại động từ : + Bare infinitive(động từ nguyên mẫu không To) >Vo + To infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu có To) > V1 + Simple past( qúa khứ đơn) Vo-ED/ V2 > V2 Tài liệu định hướng ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12- 2011 10 + Past participle: qúa khứ phân từ : V3/ Vo-ED -> V3 + Present participle Hiện phân tư :Vo+ing -> V4 ( chức tính từ hay dùng tiếp diễn) + Gerund Danh động từ:(Vo+ing) (chức danh từ động từ) > V4 * Động từ chia theo ý nghĩa có động từ đặc biệt động từ thường, chia theo dạng có dạng sau: Bare infinitive (V0) Infinitive : To infinitive (V1) Gerund (V0 + ing ) Past Participle  Vo ed/V3 ( V3 ) Participle : Present Participle - Vo + ing(V4 ) I Bare infinitive : (bare) động từ nguyên mẫu khơng to Sau modal verbs ( động từ khiếm khuyết ) Sau auxilary verbs : do, does, did Sau make, let, help ( sau help có To inf ) Passive voice  dùng to inf theo sau Trừ let Sau động từ giác quan:(verbs of perception ) : see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice … Vo ( bare )  hành động xong S + V + object Vo ( ing )  hành động diễn Sau had better ( tốt ) would rather ( ), had sooner Sau thành ngữ : to nothing but + Vo ( bare ) : khơng làm mà Can not but + Vo(bare): khơng cịn cách khác Causative form (Thể sai khiến): S + have + object ( người ) + Vo (bare) Simple present tense : I, you, we, they +Vo (bare) Bắt đầu câu mệnh lệnh: ( imprative ) II To infinitive (V1) động từ nguyên mẫu có To) Làm subject  V(sing) (review formal subject) Làm object of verb : S + V + to inf (as an object ) Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ ( object complement ) ; S + V + obj + to infinitive Làm adjective  rút gọn adjective clause ( relative clause ) đứng sau danh từ  review how to reduce relative clause Làm adverb  rút gọn : adverbbial clause of result : đứng sau adj Rút gọn: adverbial clause of purpose: mục đích 5a Rút gọn clause of result theo cơng thức sau ( phrase of result ) S + V + too adj/adv ( for object )+ to inf S + V + adj/adv enough (for object )+to inf 5b Rút gọn : clause of purpose theo mẫu sau ( phrase of purpose ) to inf S+V+ in order for object to inf so as to inf It + take+ (object) + time + to inf Causative form: S+ get + object ( người ) + to inf Sau số động từ sau đây: Tài liệu định hướng ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12- 2011