Project Technical Report:" A blueprint for sustainable smallholder pig production in Central Vietnam " ppt

1 Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development Project Progress Report A blueprint for sustainable smallholder pig production in Central Vietnam CARD Project 004/05VIE 2 nd SIX-MONTHLY REPORT November 2006 – June 2007 2 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 1. INSTITUTE INFORMATION 3 2. PROJECT ABSTRACT 4 3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 4. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND 5 5. PROGRESS TO DATE 7 5.1 IMPLEMENTATION HIGHLIGHTS 7 5.3 SMALLHOLDER BENEFITS 8 5.4 CAPACITY BUILDING 9 5.5 PUBLICITY 9 5.6 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 10 6. REPORT ON CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES 10 6.1 ENVIRONMENT 10 6.2 GENDER AND SOCIAL ISSUES 10 7. IMPLEMENTATION & SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES 11 7.1 ISSUES, CONSTRAINTS AND OPTIONS 11 7.2 SUSTAINABILITY 13 NOW THAT THE FARMS HAVE BEEN SELECTED, ISSUES OF LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY CAN BE ADDRESSED USING THE ELECTRONIC SURVEY ASSESSMENTS 13 8. NEXT CRITICAL STEPS 13 9. CONCLUSION 14 10. STATUTORY DECLARATION ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3 1. Institute Information Project Name A blueprint for sustainable small holder pig production in Central Vietnam Vietnamese Institution N ational Institute of Animal Husbandry (NIAH); Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry (HUAF); National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR) Vietnamese Project Team Leaders Dr Ta Thi Bich Duyen (NIAH); Professor Nguyen Quang Linh (HUAF); Dr Cu Huu Phu (NIVR) Australian Organisation The University of Queensland/Victorian Department of Primary Industry/South Australian Research and Development Institute Australian Personnel Dr Darren Trott, Dr Ian Wilkie, Dr Colin Cargill, Dr Tony Fahy Date commenced April 1st 2006 Completion date (original) April 2009 Completion date (revised) September 2009 Reporting period N ovembe r 2006 – June 2007 Contact Officer(s) In Australia: Team Leader Name: Dr Darren Trott Telephone: 617 336 52985 Position: Senior Lecturer School of Veterinary Science Fax: 617 336 51355 Organisation School of Veterinary Science The University of Qld Email: d.trott@uq.edu.au In Australia: Administrative contact Name: Melissa Anderson Telephone: 61 7 33652651 Position: Manager Research Projects Office Fax: 61 7 33651188 Organisation School of Land and Food The University of Qld Email: m.anderson@uq.edu.au In Vietnam Name: Dr Do Ngoc Thuy Telephone: 84 4 8693932 4 Position: Senior Scientist Fax: 84 4 8694082 Organisation NIVR Email: dongocthuy73@yahoo.com 2. Project Abstract Small holder farmers in Central Vietnam predominantly raise pig breeds such as Mong Cai, Mini pig, and SocHighland, which are well adapted to local conditions but have limited performance and economic efficiency. Improving the genetics of local b reeds by introduction of high performance Mong Cai lines for pure breeding and exotic breeding programmes will result in significant benefits for small holder farmers if it can be aligned with an integrated farrow-to-finish management plan (focusing on health, husbandry, housing and nutrition) to improve p roduction parameters and limit health problems. This holistic, continuous improvement plan (CIP) will be initiated by appropriately trained Vietnamese veterinary and animal scientists, under the direction of Australian experts. Through a train the trainers approach, the CIP will be extended to veterinary extension workers, commercial piggery managers and selected small scale pig farmers for successful uptake of knowledge and skills. 3. Executive Summary This project began with six major objectives: 1. Train the trainers; 2. Select the farms; 3. Adopt best practice; 4. Introduce new breeding stock; 5. Monitor profitability; and 6. Sustain profitability. During the second six months of the project, sound progress has been made towards Objectives 2-4 according to the project logframe, with some modifications and an extension request due to unforeseen circumstances. A survey of smallholder farmers, designed by Vietnamese and Australian scientists during the Australian training programme, was completed in the provinces of Quang Nam, Thua Thien Hue, Binh Dinh, and Quang Tri. A web-based survey format was designed and implemented by The University of Queensland to simplify data entry and analysis and provide a means of monitoring the continuous improvement plan (CIP) on the selected farms. The database has an image upload capability so that photos and hand drawn housing plans can be rapidly viewed and/or exchanged between scientists. This database will provide a platform for continued expansion of the model beyond the current life of the project. Based on the survey responses, which were analysed using SPSS, the best 27-30 farms in each province were selected and Objectives 3-4 initiated (upgrade of facilities, training and introduction of new breeding stock). The Vietnamese scientists who received training in Australia conducted two competency based assessments. Firstly, based on survey visits and discussions with Australian scientists, they were set the task of designing “the ideal” small Mong Cai breeding house for selected farmers to work towards. Secondly, during farm visits by Australian scientists, farms were audited and problems identified, discussed and prioritised. Due to the costs of transport and the lack of suitably trained extension workers to provide support, it was decided that Binh Dinh province would be excluded from Objectives 2-4 until later in the project. Instead efforts would be concentrated on implementing changes in the provinces of Quang Tri (managed independently by NIAH) and Thua Thien Hue (managed independently by HUAF). NIVR will provide diagnostic surveillance for enteric and other diseases on farm, veterinary support on investigation of disease outbreaks and provision of their new locally manufactured E. coli 5 vaccine for pregnant gilts in both provinces. Where possible, NIAH and HUAF scientists who received training in Australia would collaborate in training programmes in both provinces to ensure adequate transfer of ideas and skills. Given the types of farming systems encountered during the survey and the extreme differences in housing quality, it was also decided that rather than compare exotic, crossbred and Mong Cai sow performance, the majority of farmers (except for one exception involving a farmer with experience in raising exotic breeds) would be supplied with high-performance pure Mong Cai gilts. If farmers achieve success with Mong Cai, they may then be encouraged to expand their production and introduce F1 or exotic sows in the future. Two different adoption models were tested, each in a different province. In Thua Thien Hue, the close proximity of the farms to HUAF meant that a higher frequency of farm visits was possible. Therefore changes to facilities such as introduction of dry sow feeding stalls, farrowing and creep areas, increased ventilation and drip coolers were made at the same time as breeding stock was introduced with step by step training aligned to key stages of production. The first pregnant gilts in Thua Thien Hue are due to farrow at the end of October/early November. In Quang Tri province, the selected farmers attended a pure Mong Cai training programme developed by NIAH immediately following the selection process. An ideal Mong Cai farrowing house was designed as the model for farmers to work towards once increased profits were achieved. Gilts raised in a pure Mong Cai breeding zone in the North were supposed to be introduced to selected farms in Quang Tri province in July. However the outbreaks of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) virus in Quang Tri have prevented movements of livestock into this province and the gilts had to be sold back to the farmers. Therefore complete upgrade of facilities proceeded before the introduction of breeding stock. As the situation regarding FMD and PRRS control in Quang Tri has improved, new gilts have been selected and will be introduced in November or December if they can be obtained for the right price. Major simultaneous training programs in each province are planned for November, focusing on management of the Mong Cai sow during pregnancy and farrowing and care of the piglets before the age of weaning. In week 1, extension workers would be trained followed by the selected farmers in week 2. Given the 3-4 month delay caused by the outbreak of FMD and PRRS in Quang Tri, a three-month extension of the completion date is requested, with six-monthly reports adjusted accordingly (Jan and July each year). Changes to personnel include the secondment of Dr Coi to a new position as Director of the Thuy Phuong Pig Research Center and the appointment of Dr Ta Thi Bich Duyen as programme manager at NIAH. Dr Trish Holyoake has requested that University of Sydney withdraw from the project given she is currently overcommitted on other projects. It is requested that the $18,000 allocated to USyd be distributed to the Vietnamese Institutes, to cover the additional costs due to the delays in Quang Tri and extra travel by Hue scientists. 4. Introduction & Background In response to the increased demand for pork, Vietnamese small holder farmers in the Central provinces have intensified their production system, while others have attempted to continue to produce pigs in older, poorly designed facilities. As intensification has increased, so too have disease problems, particularly in the pre-weaning stage, so it is not surprising that enteric diseases cause very substantial losses in this age group. While the diseases involved can usually be controlled by a combination of good management and strategic vaccination, the sub-optimal environment provided on many farms is also a major risk factor, especially in the farrowing and weaning areas. Antibiotics, which add significantly to the cost of production, are used to overcome 6 these deficiencies and their indiscriminate use is probably contributing to the current high level of multi-drug resistance in isolates from pigs in Vietnam. Expansion of small holder pig production in Central Vietnam has the potential to improve the income generating capacity of poor families, but is currently hampered by low profitability due to a combination of poor reproductive performance and growth rates, lack of husbandry and management skills, poor nutrition and disease problems. Based on the experience drawn from our existing CARD project (001/04VIE), the problems faced by small holder pork producers in Vietnam include: • Lack of on-farm recording to allow effective herd management on a day-to-day basis. • Lack of written records on average daily gain, feed conversion efficiency and pigs marketed /sow/year to determine whole-herd productivity and profitability. • Failure to set and reach reproduction targets. • Poor ventilation and cooling systems which limit the feed intake of progeny and breeders. • Restrict feeding of all classes of stock from lactating sows through to finisher pigs. • Lack of written data to assist resolving herd health problems-particularly mortalities, age and cause of death. • Incorrect vaccination strategies for those diseases for which there are effective vaccines. • Lack of specialist veterinary and extension staff to instruct and advise farmers. • Lack of model demonstration farms in each province to train the trainers. To better understand the risk factors that are contributing to pig health problems, and limiting or reducing production, it is proposed to survey a large number of small holder farms in Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam and Binh Dinh Provinces. Retrospective baseline data on production, health, housing, environment and income will be collected and deficiencies in husbandry and housing will be detected and assessed so that they can be prioritised. A representative sample of small holder farms (defined as those with less than 10-15 sows) and small commercial farms (30 to 100 sows) in each province will be selected for the survey and audit process, which will be used to assess the standard of production and competency of farmers and facilities. Prior to commencing the survey, Vietnamese scientists will be trained to visit farms and interview the farmer and his/her family and collect required data on production and facilities. Following the survey of selected farms in the three provinces, a workshop will be held at Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry to identify the key risk factors that are negatively influencing health and production. A set of priorities will then be established for improving management, husbandry and housing on farms. This will result in the development of suitable models for pig production incorporating modified and improved designs for housing, as well as husbandry and management techniques. Once the full modules have been validated, a series of field days will be held in each district, with extension service personnel and local veterinarians as trainers. Selected farmers will also be invited to participate in “train the trainer workshops” so that they can also participate in training other farmers through “farmer-to-farmer workshops” in each area. The pig production farrow-to-sale training workshops will be tailored for the needs and production systems followed. Many of the poorer households use indigenous breeds of pig with the intention of crossing them with exotic breeds to improve growth and performance in the F1 progeny. However, the local breeds currently reared by small holder farmers perform very poorly. Of the three major breeds pure Mong Cai have by far the best performance. High performance pure Mong Cai have been bred in Bacgiang with an average litter size of 13-14 piglets (compared to 8-9 for the other indigenous breeds) and a growth rate of 350-400g per day (compared to only 200-250g for the other breeds). These results clearly show the robustness of the Mong Cai breed. Introduction of high quality, high performance Mong Cai sows will provide the nucleus for a central coast pure Mong Cai breeding zone collective. Pure Mong Cai gilts will be raised for downstream sale to other small holders for a crossbreeding program using exotic breeds of boar. Hybrid vigour in F1 progeny will provide better 7 growth rates than the currently used indigenous breeds, but will be more adaptable to local environmental conditions compared to exotic breeds of pig. This program will also maintain the pure Mong Cai gene pool in the central coastal area. 5. Progress to Date 5.1 Implementation Highlights 1) Completion of farm surveys and development of on-line database: The six Vietnamese scientists trained in Australian conducted surveys in each of the provinces. The University of Queensland developed, substantially tested and recently launched an on-line database for accurate recording of surveys, including an image upload capability. The role of the database is not to gather exhaustive data from every farm surveyed in Vietnam but be able to quickly recognise systems that work, major constraints to production and what types of improvements need to be made. Therefore data collected from each of the selected farms will be more extensive and each time they are visited a photographic record will supplement analysis of data. The website can be found at the following URL: http://survey.library.uq.edu.au/pigs/ A login name (AUSAIDCARD) and password (pigproject) have been created for members of the CARD management committee to access and view the database (without the ability to modify records) at any time as it is being built. Thus far, data has been entered for a total of 42 farms in Binh Dinh Province, 87 farms in Quang Nam, 44 farms in Quang Tri and 98 farms in Thua Thien Hue. HUAF have analysed the results of their survey (a total of 220 farms in Thua Thien Hue and Quang Nam) using SPSS which are summarised as follows (see Appendix One: Report of Survey Activities). Sow numbers ranged from 1 to 20 with a mean number of sows of 3.5 and 84% using the Mong Cai local breed. A total of 93% of farms kept less than 11 sows (ie 1-10) and 89% had less than 6 sows (ie 1-5). Key demographic data included the fact that 98.4%, 80%, 35% and 7% of farmers had completed primary, high primary, secondary and post-secondary education, respectively, but education level did not influence sow numbers. Interestingly all farmers had more than 5 years pig husbandry experience and 89% more than 10 years. Mean number of pigs born live was 12.04 ± 1.63 with Mong Cai averaging 12.61 and exotic breeds 9.95. Stillbirths (which includes early birth mortality from being squashed by the sow) averaged 15.9% overall (13.7% for Mong Cai and 32.8% for exotics). Mong Cai are very good mothers and rarely require farrowing crates. Over 80% of litters were reported to have diarrhoea, with 12.2% having greater than 55% of piglets in the litter affected. Factors that may predispose to diarrheoa included poor housing and lack of temperature control, lack of E. coli vaccination, poor management systems and hygiene, including the common practice of hosing out creep areas daily. Key constraints to production included nutrition and general feeding levels (restricted vs ad lib feeding of sows), housing and ventilation, lack of boar stimulation causing delayed and inconsistent oestrus patterns and returns to service and lack of on-farm recording data meaning that it was impossible to determine the number of pigs/sow/year produced. NIAH has entered their farm data into Excel (available on request) and is completing the electronic surveys before reporting a detailed analysis. However, farms have been ranked and the best farms selected for upgrade (see 2 below). 2) Improvements to housing systems, preliminary training programs and introduction of improved breeding stock: Under the direction of Mr Bien, one of our trainee scientists from NIAH, “the ideal” pure Mong Cai housing system was designed based on the training received in Australia and impressions of visiting different production systems and conducting audits with Dr Colin Cargill and Dr Tony Fahy during their farm visits (see Appendix Two: Pure Mong Cai housing plan). Whilst it must be remembered that many farmers in the central provinces currently could not afford to build a housing system such as this, they could implement many of the improvements within their own housing systems to the point where they may generate enough 8 income to expand and build better facilities. Major features of this system (with capacity for 4 farrowing sows) include: • Tiled roof with ridge vent for air circulation, especially during summer. Cheaper roofing options include iron (but must be cooled in summer, for example by covering with a creeper) or thatch. • Adequate cross ventilation • Sloping floors to drainage gutters for easy cleaning and processing of dung to prevent concrete floors staying wet • Clean, dry creep areas for piglets with temperature kept at 30-32 o C. • Dry stalls for individual feeding of pregnant sows • Separate dunging areas with limited drafts through side wall openings at pig level (a common error in pig housing design in Vietnam). The best farms in each province (30 in Quang Tri and 27 in Thua Thien Hue) were chosen based on analysis of the questionnaire data in SPSS. Each of these farmers has received basic training (See Appendix Three: Report Quarter 1 and 2_HUAF (and NIAH); training materials (in Vietnamese) are available from NIAH and HUAF on request). Following encouragement from Vietnamese scientists and farm visits by Australian team members, continual improvements are being made on these test farms, some subsidised by the project but mostly by the farmers themselves (see Appendix Four: Farm data sheets for an example). Full implementation of improvements is a step by step process and will only truly be appreciated when records for each selected farm are compared over time, although a preliminary assessment will be made during the major visit planned for November 2007. 3) Visits by Australian team members to assess project progress (January, April and June 2007). Dr Tony Fahy visited Binh Dinh and selected farms in Thua Thien Hue and Quang Tri in January 2007 (see Appendix Five: Dr Tony Fahy travel report). Following this visit, the major decision to delay further developments in Binh Dinh until the end of the project was reached. During April, Dr Colin Cargill visited farms in Thua Thien Hue and Quang Tri and was very encouraged at the progress being made (see Appendix Six: Dr Colin Cargill Travel Report). Dr Darren Trott visited HCM, Hue, Quang Tri and Hanoi in June 2007. During this visit, he was joined by Prof John Fairbrother (who has assisted with 001/04VIE research) from the FAO Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, University of Montreal and Dr Kit Parke, The University of Queensland’s specialist pig veterinary consultant who will replace Dr Trish Holyoake on the project. Dr Fairbrother and Dr Trott have planned to collaborate and develop International funding applications to continue animal health and production research beyond the life of the current project, by further involvement of the current partner Vietnamese institutes and expanding into the south of Vietnam through co-operation with NAVETCO. During this visit a project meeting was held in Hanoi and several important decision points were reached and reported in the project minutes (see Appendix Seven: Project minutes). 5.3 Smallholder Benefits 1) So far in our project, selected smallholder farmers have been the direct recipients of the following: • A 40% subsidy on the cost of buying and introducing new Mong Cai gilts into their herd. 9 • Assistance, advice and subsidies on remodelling their current housing to suit the introduction of new Mong Cai gilts. This includes the installation of dry sow stalls, farrowing crates and creep areas, improving ventilation, heating and cooling, and prioritising cleaning systems to improve dryness of the pen floors and hygiene. It is anticipated that these changes combined with strategic use of the right medications will have a significant impact on the incidence and severity of enteric diseases in the pre-weaning period which are by far the biggest causes of lost production in smallholder enterprises. • Basic training on the care and management of Mong Cai from each institute • Specialist training will be provided during the November visit. 5.4 Capacity Building A large problem in previous projects has been the difficulty of measuring sustained performance and improvement over time. We wanted to avoid the situation of repeated project visits by Australian scientists covering the same ground, making the same recommendations, without adequate uptake. Our experience with our first CARD project was that some farmers were unwilling to adopt the changes we were suggesting and we were continually pointing out the same problems on successive visits, such as poor ventilation and cooling. The model we are developing is designed for continuous improvement and is centred on two main themes. Firstly, the training of successive cohorts of people and empowering people for self-improvement. Our group of scientists have received their training, delivered training programmes and provided advice and assistance in making housing modifications to improve production, but we would still like to continually assess their abilities as well as their capacity for passing on knowledge to the next cohort (extension veterinarians, paraveterinarians, and the selected farmers). This will be assessed during the November project visit. The ultimate goal is for farmers enjoying the fruits of their training, hard work and investment to pass on their knowledge and skills to others. Secondly the creation of the web based recording system allows Australian Scientists to monitor the situation at first hand in real time. For example it will be possible for us to provide advice and encouragement to the Vietnamese teams by viewing up to date photos of improvements and records. We can remotely assess the ability of Vietnamese scientists to recognise the major production constraints. We can advise on the best locations to situate new housing facilities to take advantage of prevailing weather conditions. The aim is to streamline our site visits so that more time can be spent on planning and development rather than repetitive and exhaustive farm visits covering the same problems first identified. A major area in which we wish to make an impact is to provide advice on disease diagnosis, treatment and control (already we have seen the impact of infectious disease outbreaks in Thua Thien Hue where 10 project sows died during an outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia [pasteurellosis] when they were unfortunately vaccinated too late to gain full immunity and in Quang Tri where the FMD and PRRS outbreaks have resulted in significant project delays). 5.5 Publicity 1) CARD Newsletter: an article was submitted for the second CARD Newsletter but it did not appear in the final issue. 2) Major publicity launches are planned for the November training programmes 10 3) Significant local interest has been generated in the project with many local farmers enquiring how they can be involved in the project in the future. 5.6 Project Management Operational project management continues to be shared between the 6 institutes. HUAF is directly responsible for implementation of the programme in Thua Thien Hue and NIAH likewise for Quang Tri province. The proximity of these provinces to each other allows for interaction with Australian and Vietnamese scientists at the conclusion of project visits. In his new secondment, Dr Coi has passed over management of the NIAH component to Dr Duyen but continues to play an advisory role for the project. As HUAF was responsible for delivering the September workshop, NIAH will be responsible for hosting the concluding workshop. NIVR will be responsible for providing E. coli vaccines for the project and disease surveillance through laboratory diagnosis. The Faculty Research Projects Office in the School of Land and Food at The University of Queensland, who have many years experience in managing international agricultural research projects, is responsible for administration of the project. 6. Report on Cross-Cutting Issues 6.1 Environment The broad environmental impacts of pig production and measures being adopted to alleviate them (integrated fish farming, biogas and manure composting) have been previously addressed in the 1 st six monthly report. One major public health concern identified from the most recent farm visits by Dr Trott, Dr Parke and Prof Fairbrother was the usage of inappropriate antimicrobials for what are often inconsequential disorders such as non-infectious feed associated diarrhoea or diarrhoea associated with infectious agents such as protozoa (coccidiosis) and viruses (rotavirus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus). When we asked what drugs farmers would use to treat pigs when they were sick, we were shown bottles of norfloxacin. In most cases the bottles were stored inappropriately at ambient temperature, which would severely limit the potency of the active ingredient. Fluoroquinolone usage in animals is controversial, especially as they are regarded as highly important antimicrobials in human medicine and use is usually restricted to hospitals only or by special permission in developed countries. In Australia fluoroquinolones cannot be used in foodproducing animals and there are strict withholding periods and usage restrictions in other countries. There is a very high incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance in South East Asia, predominantly from the abuse of these drugs in human medicine. In Vietnam, we found an unusually high incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli isolates from village pigs in Vietnam compared to commercial pigs (Do et al. [2006] Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1081:543-5), which may be explained by what we discovered during the farm visits. Steps to alleviate indiscriminate usage of antimicrobials are as follows: 1) November training on identification of preweaning diseases of pigs from clinical signs and post mortem analysis. 2) Supply of veterinary kits to each institute including a small range of drugs for specific treatment of diseases 6.2 Gender and Social Issues As per previous report. The recent training session on Mong Cai organised by Dr Duyen from NIAH in Quang Tri province was attended by 22 women and 9 men. Other issues have been previously addressed in the 1 st six monthly report. [...]... training report has been attached (Appendix Eight: MS3 Combined Training report -a hard copy sample of training materials used at The Pig Health and Research Unit has also been provided) (b) Extensive training materials have been attached: Epidemiological training at UQ (Vietnamese UQ Module 1 and 2, Questionnaire Design) and 11 Environmental Health and Assessment at SARDI (SARDI Training Material for Vietnamese... improving the production and profitability of smallholder and larger pig production units, including summary of farm based data • Poster papers and international conference report • Final report on the establishment and sustainability f the central coast breeding zone • End of project survey (including random selection of participants in the baseline survey and of smallholders participating in training... Training workshops (attendance by 4-5 provincial veterinarians with a vested interest in developing skills) planned for November 2007** in Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue only small holder training workshops in Quang Tri, Quang Nam, Thua Thien and Binh Dinh provinces Delays on training due to inclement weather (monsoon season in Central Vietnam) ACTIVITIES 3.1.1 Co-ordination, preparation and publication... testing will be undertaken again in November in each province 2) MS 4 Baseline information including (a) survey and analysis of farms (b) Identification of: (i) suitable high priority project interventions (ii) selection of smallholders for training and (iii) estimates of potential physical and financial impacts (a) Development of the on-line database has taken time and effort to perfect Each institute... occurring on selected farms are investigated and solutions identified, samples for disease diagnosis are collected and sent to NIVR and that vaccines are available for pregnant gilts This will maintain stronger links between Australian and Vietnamese scientists in the field and ensure all data is available for analysis and reporting Issue 4: Delivery of Milestones 5, 6, 7 and 8 Constraints: Timeframe in. .. of achievements for assessment and marketing purposes, especially given that Australian scientists cannot often spend more than 10-14 days in Vietnam during a single visit To facilitate this process, we have identified an Australian trainee veterinarian with a strong interest in agricultural research in developing countries who paid for her own airfare to be part of our February 2007 training programme... including: • Physical structure of 40 smallholder cooperatives • Organisational and management structure for establishment and sustainability of a large scale breeding zone (incorporating 40 smallholder cooperatives) • Breeding and CIP programs • Responsibilities for monitoring of physical and financial performance during the project and beyond • Report submitted using the CARD standard reporting format... March 2009 $38,050 June 2009 April 2009 July 2009 $60,010 TOTAL $606,960 Project Progress Against Proposed Objectives, Outputs, Activities And Inputs Project Title: A blueprint for sustainable small holder pig production in Central Vietnam Vietnamese Implementing Institution: National Institute of Animal Husbandry, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, National Veterinary Research Institute Narrative... vaccination and veterinary services in the current programmes in Thua Thien Hue and Quang Tri, including the provision of veterinary drugs and medicines for proper management of on-farm disease Issue 3: Data recording, competency issues and general reporting of project achievements Constraints: 1) CARD requires more data for MS 3 (Train the trainers) than what was presented in the last report These include:... (a) Detailed report, (b) copies of training materials, (c) objective assessment of technical competency and (d) Brief Training report from Vietnamese delegates 2) CARD requires more data for MS 4 (Baseline information) than what was presented in the last report Options: 1) MS 3 Train the trainers: We strongly feel we have provided the necessary data for this milestone as follows: (a) A detailed training . Training Manuals Training manuals for extension worker and smallholder farmers including: • Copies of training material and extension aids • Formats of pig monitoring and recording systems and. necessary data for this milestone as follows: (a) A detailed training report has been attached (Appendix Eight: MS3 Combined Training report -a hard copy sample of training materials used at The Pig. Name A blueprint for sustainable small holder pig production in Central Vietnam Vietnamese Institution N ational Institute of Animal Husbandry (NIAH); Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry