Báo cáo khoa học nông nghiệp " Thoughts about Macadamia Development Strategy in Central Highland Areas " docx

Thoughts about Thoughts about Macadamia Development Strategy Macadamia Development Strategy in Central Highland Areas in Central Highland Areas Prof. Hoang Hoe Prof. Hoang Hoe Presented at Workshop on Macadamia Presented at Workshop on Macadamia and Sustainable development Aspect in and Sustainable development Aspect in Daklak Daklak , August/4/2009 , August/4/2009 Content Content z z Practical Lessons learned Practical Lessons learned z z Land Land - - use Planning use Planning z z Diversity of plants, agriculture and forestry Diversity of plants, agriculture and forestry combination combination z z Macadamia Macadamia – – an economical and an economical and environmental protected tree environmental protected tree z z Promotion of research Promotion of research z z Development of pilot models Development of pilot models z z Quality seedling Quality seedling z z Supportive policies for enterprises and Supportive policies for enterprises and farmers. farmers. Practical lessons learned Practical lessons learned z z Coffee farm increased dramatically in the period Coffee farm increased dramatically in the period 1994 1994 - - 200 200 5 5 , mainly extensive farming rather than , mainly extensive farming rather than intensive farming; 90% was planted in basalt soil intensive farming; 90% was planted in basalt soil and lack of soil and lack of soil – – erosion control erosion control z z Rubber trees are not suitable to plant in many Rubber trees are not suitable to plant in many areas areas z z Cashew trees are not suitable to plant in many Cashew trees are not suitable to plant in many areas areas z z Soil is eroded seriously Soil is eroded seriously z z Underground water becomes exhausted Underground water becomes exhausted z z Generally, development is Generally, development is spontaneous spontaneous z z Natural Forest has been destroyed seriously Natural Forest has been destroyed seriously Land Land – – use Planning use Planning z z Central Highland Areas composed many different sub eco Central Highland Areas composed many different sub eco - - regions, it needs different reasonable land regions, it needs different reasonable land – – use planning. use planning. Macadamia crop suitable eco Macadamia crop suitable eco - - region where its average region where its average temperature is 20 temperature is 20 - - 25 25 o o ; temperature for flowering is 15 ; temperature for flowering is 15 - - 17 17 o o ; ; temperature in the period of young trees is 15 temperature in the period of young trees is 15 - - 25 25 o o ; rainfall is ; rainfall is fairly is steady annually; soil is deep and soft, PH 5 fairly is steady annually; soil is deep and soft, PH 5 - - 5,5. 5,5. z z Land Land - - using should be planned in accord with using should be planned in accord with mozaic mozaic of land of land type type , combination of agriculture crops and forest. Forest plays , combination of agriculture crops and forest. Forest plays an important role in protecting agricultural trees. an important role in protecting agricultural trees. z z Slope of over 10 Slope of over 10 o o causes eroding 100 tons of soil per ha causes eroding 100 tons of soil per ha annually. Therefore, it is necessary to build terraces and annually. Therefore, it is necessary to build terraces and provide measures to anti erosion provide measures to anti erosion z z It is needed to reject some areas of coffee, rubber and cashew It is needed to reject some areas of coffee, rubber and cashew that are not suitable and replace by Macadamia. It is that are not suitable and replace by Macadamia. It is encouraged to intercrop Macadamia with Coffee in existing encouraged to intercrop Macadamia with Coffee in existing coffee farm. coffee farm. Soil Map Soil Map of of Tay Tay Nguyên Nguyên 1:500.000 1:500.000 Land using Land using z z Basalt soil is the most valuable natural Basalt soil is the most valuable natural resource that should be used economically resource that should be used economically and sustainability. C and sustainability. C offee s offee s hould not be hould not be the the only only object of monolatry object of monolatry . . z z Climate ( Climate ( temprature temprature , rainfall) of , rainfall) of Buon Buon Ho, Ho, Krong Krong Nang Nang and and Eahleo Eahleo is suitable for is suitable for Macadamia in comparison with other sub Macadamia in comparison with other sub - - regions. regions. z z It is necessary to strength guiding It is necessary to strength guiding methods on how to use land scientifically. methods on how to use land scientifically. Diversity of plants, agriculture and Diversity of plants, agriculture and forestry combination forestry combination z z Should not plant only one variety in an Should not plant only one variety in an area of 10 ha area of 10 ha z z Identify varieties that can live together in Identify varieties that can live together in order to plant order to plant combinating combinating . . z z Shade and block win, reduce evaporation, Shade and block win, reduce evaporation, economize water, spend expenditures economize water, spend expenditures reasonably. reasonably. z z Invest adequately and manage well in Invest adequately and manage well in order to get sustainable income. order to get sustainable income. Macadamia Macadamia – – an economical and an economical and environment protected tree environment protected tree z z Get hi g h economical effectiveness if plant standard Get hi g h economical effectiveness if plant standard seedlings and manage the nursery well. seedlings and manage the nursery well. z z Ratio of coverage: over 60% Ratio of coverage: over 60% z z Protect soil and anti soil erosion Protect soil and anti soil erosion z z Bio diversity: intercrops and breeding bees Bio diversity: intercrops and breeding bees z z Usin g under g round water more economical than Usin g under g round water more economical than coffee coffee z z Have not found any kind of serious Have not found any kind of serious pestilent insect pestilent insect s s z z Creat Creat trade name for Viet Nam Macadamia trade name for Viet Nam Macadamia z z It is estimated to g row Macadamia on 5,000 ha, about It is estimated to g row Macadamia on 5,000 ha, about 1,5 million trees in the next 10 years in 1,5 million trees in the next 10 years in Daklak Daklak Research and trial continuously Research and trial continuously z z Identify varieties that are suitable with different Identify varieties that are suitable with different bio bio - - subregions subregions ; create new varieties. ; create new varieties. z z Plant combination of different varieties in one Plant combination of different varieties in one block of g round in order to increase block of g round in order to increase productivity productivity z z Intercrop Intercrop z z Method to anti Method to anti aoil aoil erosion erosion z z Economize water Economize water z z Maintain and process Maintain and process z z Domestic and export market Domestic and export market Trial Trial z z Pilot of intensive farming with combination of Pilot of intensive farming with combination of 3 3 - - 4 Macadamia varieties in a block of ground 4 Macadamia varieties in a block of ground z z Pilot of extensive farming that intercrop Pilot of extensive farming that intercrop macadamia with coffee macadamia with coffee z z Pilot to intercrop macadamia with others trees Pilot to intercrop macadamia with others trees z z Scale: 20ha, 100ha. 200ha,500 ha Scale: 20ha, 100ha. 200ha,500 ha z z Pilot of 312 trees/ha, 660 trees/ha, 830 Pilot of 312 trees/ha, 660 trees/ha, 830 trees/ha trees/ha z z Collect data & Analyze, Final review soon Collect data & Analyze, Final review soon [...]...Standard seedling Seedling’s titles should be clear and accurate Seedlings should be planted in nurseries where apply technical procedures and be assessed quality by an authorized agencies Seedlings criteria for selling must be regulated and applied Seedlings that do not meet the regulated criteria must be rejected Buying seedling should focus on quality rather than price Policy for encouraging enterprises... encouraging enterprises and farmers Enterprises should take a leading role and the Government should provide them with favorable policies Focus on agricultural extension Policies for encouraging enterprises and famers Establish a linkage among famers – investors – scientists and the Goverment The Goverment acts as “midwife” to direct sustainable development, but not implement as a movement THANK YOU! . Thoughts about Thoughts about Macadamia Development Strategy Macadamia Development Strategy in Central Highland Areas in Central Highland Areas Prof. Hoang Hoe Prof reasonably. reasonably. z z Invest adequately and manage well in Invest adequately and manage well in order to get sustainable income. order to get sustainable income. Macadamia Macadamia – – an. Trial z z Pilot of intensive farming with combination of Pilot of intensive farming with combination of 3 3 - - 4 Macadamia varieties in a block of ground 4 Macadamia varieties in a block of ground z z Pilot