COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT IN HOA BINH - SOLUTIONS pdf

TrầnDuy Rương Senior researcher, Department of Forestry Economic Research Vietnam Forestry Science Institute COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT IN HOA BINH - SOLUTIONS Community participated in in forest management is one the forest management forms attracted the interest in the central and local levels. In terms of Vietnam history, community forest has long existed in the community based forest. In recent years, as forest management requirements, some other provinces as well as Hoa Binh province has allocated forest lands to communities (villages, households ) for management with stable use and long-term in forestry purposes. Then community become the owner of CF In addition, the community also participated in a contracted forest protection, forest regeneration and new plantation of the State organizations. In some areas the forest management with the participation of local communities living near forests become socio - economic forest management model, in accordance with traditional production of many ethnic groups in Vietnam. INTRODUCTION How is the role of community in forest management organization system in Vietnam? ? Should government encourage development of community forest?? What are potential issues and problems in the development of community forests ? How is the legal framework which needs to be established to encourage community participation in forest protection and development ?vv Reseach Objectives To assess the community forest management status of Muong ethnic communities in Hoa Binh, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the community forest management, and provide recommendations as well as solutions to encourage community participating in sustainable community forest management. Methodology - To collect documents related to community forest management and materials related to the habits of Muong ethnic in natural resource use. - To interview forestry management staffs at all levels of the province, district, commune and village, and to interview members of community at Kim Son commune, Kim Boi district - Hoa Binh based the questionnaires. According to FAO 1978, Community Forestry and Social Forestry terms used to indicate the forest management is closely linked with local people. According to the Arnold 1992, the general definition of community forestry (CF), it is a term covering a wide range of activities between rural people and forest trees as well as the products and benefits derived from forest trees. Community Forest Management (CFM) is understood as the participation of local people, groups of households or household in the management, protection and use of forests and forest land. Community directly manage community forest as well as forest of other organizations. CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY FOREST Socio-economic conditions General socioeconomic status of Hoa Binh Population and administration Hoa Binh Province has 10 districts and 1 city, including 195 communes and 11 towns, 8 wards with population distribution and labor in 2006 as follows : Population, ethnic groups : Hoa Binh has many ethnic groups living (Muong, Kinh, Thai, Tay, Dao, Hmong, other ) with a population of 822,545 people including 410,096 males and 412,449 females Population distribute is unequal , the highest population density (Hoa Binh city 643 persons/km2), the lowest population density (Da Bac district 64persons/km2). - Urban Residents: 125,077 people, accounting for 15.2%, rural: 697,468 people, accounting for 84.8%. ´ - For Economics: The economics of Hoa Binh province has stably growth in recent years, the value of the gross domestic product (GDP) increases an average 8% per year. ´ The economic structure shifted towards positive, increasing proportion of industry and services, reducing the proportion of agro-forestry and fishery. However, the province of the starting point is low; province’s GDP per capita is lower than the national average GDP. ´ - For Society: People living standard is more increasingly and political security, social order has been maintained in over the province. Number of employees was increasingly addressed jobs, the rate of poverty households significantly reduced. However, according to new poverty criteria, the household poverty rate of the province remains at high level (31.1%). income/capita is 4.3 million/ per year ( 83% higher than it in 2000). However, the income/capita/month at Hoa Binh Province remains low compared with the whole country. Forest resource status and forest management of Hoa Binh Province Currently, Hoa Binh has four nature reserve management boards under the Forest Protection Department, one critical forest protection board for watershed of Da river, Hoa Binh Forestry Company of Vietnam Forestry Cooperation has 7 plantations over Hoa Binh province. Hoa Binh forestry relatively develops, plantation forest area replants and newly planted forest exploited from 7.000 to 9.000 ha every year Types of forest area 3 types of forest protection production Special F. Forestry lands 333,453 129,735 161,582 42,136 1.Natural Forest 148,650 90,497 24,819 33,334 2.Plantation 53,252 8,736 43,582 934 3.Cleared lands 131,551 30,502 93,181 7,868 - Flora: forests in Hoa Binh province is quite rich; wood tree has about 995 species, in 180 groups. ´ Hoa Binh’s natural forest is a semi- evergreen jungle forest type, half- raining in tropical season, forest plants are quite plentiful and various, divided into the following sub-types: + Evergreen forest in plateau: Distributing at height from 800 - 1000m, + Evergreen forest in mountain: Distributing at altitudes below 800 m, + Limestone mountains forest: dangerous rocks, Rừng tự nhiên -The situation of forest regeneration Results of forest regeneration showed that most of IC and IB blind area designed for forest regeneration, if it is well protected; after 7-8 years will be restored in young forest without reserves. There is a deep soil layer, moisture, land is still forest land form, so the recovery time of natural forests relatively fast in Hoa Binh province. Assessing forest volume: There has not been conducted any assessment survey of forest volume in Hoa Binh province, and therefore it is necessary to carry out soon inventory survey of overall forest and forestry land, including inventory forest volume. It is scientific base for forest valuation, forest allocation, forest lease, forest land and planning construction and protection and development forest at grassroot level. Plantation forest: Protection forest is grown and developed at medium level, while the growth of production forest is well-developed (due to productive forest is planted mainly Acacia mangium, Acacia hybrid can grow quite fast and suitable with Hoa Binh area) with an average yield 60-90 m3/ha for a cycle 6-9 years. . Types of forest land s Total area State enterprice Forest Mangeme nt Board Other economic org. households Comm unity Other org. Army PPC Total natural area 466,714. 3 30,099.6 30,886.8 549.6 373,103.1 - 20,133.8 2,822.0 9,119.4 I. Forest land 210,533. 2 15,050.5 23,602.4 451.8 169,193.5 - 1,287.2 877.2 70.7 A. Natural Forest 147,513. 9 7,174.9 22,959.5 8.0 115,900.7 -698.2772.7 - 1. Timeber forest 45,470.8 3,217.4 8,214.8 - 33,928.1 -104.46.1 - 2. Bamboo forest 8,446.7 463.1 230.8 - 7,746.1 - 6.7 - - 3. Mix forest 8,822.0 219.0 400.4 - 8,202.6 4. Salted forest - - - - - - - - - 5. Limestone Forest 84,774.5 3,275.4 14,113.5 8.0 66,023.9 -587.1766.6 - B. Plantation 63,019.3 7,875.6 642.9 443.8 53,292.8 - 589.0 104.5 70.7 1. High volume 44,301.2 5,213.8 465.7 332.8 37,911.5 - 268.2 76.4 32.8 2. Low volume 18,428.2 2,661.8 145.1 106.1 15,128.4 - 320.8 28.1 37.9 3. Babooes 284.9 - 32.1 -252.8 4. Special tree 4.9 - - 4.9 - - - - - II. Cleared land 115,974. 3 8,941.3 3,931.4 43.1 101,785.0 - 659.8 222.4 391.3 1. Ia Grasses 66,268.8 4,961.8 2,409.2 1.9 57,980.9 - 450.4 78.9 385.7 2. Ib bushes 21,472.5 1,960.7 379.5 0.8 19,086.7 -4.540.3 - 3. Ic regeneration 23,600.8 1,859.3 808.3 40.4 20,835.6 - 33.5 18.1 5.6 4. Stone mountain 4,632.3 159.5 334.4 - 3,881.9 -171.485.1 - Table 2: Forest area and planed lands for forestry sectors based the ownerships [...]... CF MANAGEMENT OF MUONG ETHNIC GROUP IN HOA BINHF CFM IN MO VILLAGE – KIM SON COMMUNE – HOA BINH Muong ethnic at Mo village - Kim Son commune - Kim Boi district - Hoa Binh with 246 households and 1281 population The village manages 531.1 hectare community forest, with clear boundaries, community forest area mostly located in remote places, complicated terrain The status of forest is natural mixed forest. .. for development of local business, increase income, reduce leisure time, and reduce pressure on forests 3 Investing in infrastructure development 4 5 Investing for development of forestry business Investing in further development on the forest area where has high economic and ecological value in un-used lands 6 Investing for development inter-activities both ensures to forest conservation goal and... The community forest in Hoa Binh was used and named by some of villagers, this legal aspect was not strictly, leaded to the dispute and conflicts that leads to the loss of community forest Community forest management in village is a volunteer organization, the investment of village in community forest is very limited Educational level, awareness of Muong people as well as other ethnic communities in. .. that forest has an important role in the production of life or spiritual significance to the community They have existed with the forest as inseparable parts of human ecology High community of local people Muong people in Hoa Binh as well as most of the local ethnic community are high community This is a favorable factor for the development of community rules on resource management including forest. .. development goals 7 8 Investment in developing forestry products market When natural forest allocated for community to manage and use There should be authorized the community have the rights to decide of exploiting and using forestry SOCIAL SOLUTIONS + It is necessary to definitely address using some people named in community forest allocation There has been occurred conflict between forest owners name... between forest protection department and forest protection and management forces on the same area Therefore, it is needed to wellcoordinated to perform effectively common tasks in which encourages people participate in protecting forest and preventing destroys on forest resources Capacity building for community forest management Completing convention of CFM in each local community When establishes convention... low, indigenous knowledge has not been promoted Economic of local people are facing many difficulties Market for agro-forestry products has not yet developed: Agricultural and forestry extension activities have still not developed State policies on community forest management are still unsuitable RECOMMENDATIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE THE INVOLVEMENT IN CPMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC SOLUTIONS. .. for village community) and community managed forest to replace this forest owners by the name of community + Propaganding and educating to raise people’s awareness about the economic value, ecological forest, encouraging people to actively participate in forest protection and development So far most people awareness that forest to be considered stock of resources + Implementation of agro-forestry land... development Indigenous knowledge is considered the most effective for forest management, including knowledge of soil classification, forest classification, and animal forest classification, knowledge of exploitation and use products from forest This is a really favorable factor for participation of community to manage and protect local forest Forest plays an important role in community life The interviews... diversity plant species in forest including many indigenous trees such as canarium, walnut, styrax and dracontomelum Most of wood forest is in groups of IIA, IIB, regeneration tree, the average diameter of about 2 0-2 5cm, remain some woods of low quality with diameter approximately 40cm in difficult exploited terrains Village heads Cooperatives Organizations related to Community forest Household Others . forest 45,470.8 3,217.4 8,214.8 - 33,928.1 -1 04.46.1 - 2. Bamboo forest 8,446.7 463.1 230.8 - 7,746.1 - 6.7 - - 3. Mix forest 8,822.0 219.0 400.4 - 8,202.6 4. Salted forest - - - - - - - - - 5 Department of Forestry Economic Research Vietnam Forestry Science Institute COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT IN HOA BINH - SOLUTIONS Community participated in in forest management is one the forest management. 7,868 - Flora: forests in Hoa Binh province is quite rich; wood tree has about 995 species, in 180 groups. ´ Hoa Binh s natural forest is a semi- evergreen jungle forest type, half- raining in