(Đồ án tốt nghiệp) research, design, and manufuacture of a quantitative weighing system for the mango sorting line

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION GRADUATION PROJECT MACHATRONICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, DESIGN, AND MANUFACTURE OF A QUANTITATIVE WEIGHING SYSTEM FOR THE MANGO SORTING LINE LECTURER: ASSOC.PROF NGUYEN TRUONG THINH STUDENT: NGUYEN PHI HUNG NGUYEN TRUNG THANH SKL010350 Ho Chi Minh City, February 2023 HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY BACHELOR THESIS RESEARCH, DESIGN, AND MANUFACTURE OF A QUANTITATIVE WEIGHING SYSTEM FOR THE MANGO SORTING LINE INSTRUCTOR: ASSOC PROF NGUYEN TRUONG THINH STUDENT’S NAME: NGUYEN PHI HUNG STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 18146312 STUDENT’S NAME: NGUYEN TRUNG THANH STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 19146391 Ho Chi Minh City, February 2023 HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY BACHELOR THESIS RESEARCH, DESIGN, AND MANUFACTURE OF A QUANTITATIVE WEIGHING SYSTEM FOR THE MANGO SORTING LINE INSTRUCTOR: ASSOC PROF NGUYEN TRUONG THINH STUDENT’S NAME: NGUYEN PHI HUNG STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 18146312 STUDENT’S NAME: NGUYEN TRUNG THANH STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 19146391 Ho Chi Minh City, February 2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank the lecturers of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education in general and the Department of Mechanical Engineering Electronics in particular, for imparting extremely valuable knowledge and experience, as well as dedicated help and guidance throughout the subjects, allowing us to have a solid foundation to apply to our work in the future, putting theory into practice We would like to express our deep gratitude to Mr Nguyen Truong Thinh, who enthusiastically guided and guided us during the project implementation Thank you, Mr Thinh, for always giving sincere comments and dedicated instructions so that we could complete our thesis in the best way Although we tried very hard in the process of implementing the project, because of limited experience and time, we could not avoid mistakes I look forward to more guidance from you I wish the lecturers good health so that they can continue to be enthusiastic and full of energy as they educate us on how to be competent and ethical engineers Finally, we would like to thank our family and friends for their help and support while studying and completing this graduation project Thank you so much! i TÓM TẮT Theo Bộ Nông nghiệp Phát triển Nông thôn, xoài loại trái phổ biến trồng nhiều nơi khắp Việt Nam Toàn vùng đồng sơng Cửu Long có 47.000 xồi loại, suất bình qn đạt từ 11-13 tấn/ha, sản lượng khoảng 567.732 tấn/ha Trong đó, có 1.789 xoài trồng theo tiêu chuẩn VietGAP GlobalGAP phục vụ xuất Chúng ta thấy, tiềm để Việt Nam mở rộng thị trường xuất xồi cịn lớn, kim ngạch xuất loại trái Việt Nam chiếm 1.51% tổng kim ngạch xuất xoài giới Tuy nhiên, cơng việc phân loại xồi theo tiêu chuẩn xuất cịn gặp nhiều khó khăn Một khó khăn cơng việc cân xồi Do đó, nhóm nghiên cứu nghiên cứu, thiết kế chế tạo hệ thống cân định lượng dây chuyền phân loại xồi Mục tiêu hệ thống cân định lượng hoàn toàn thay người làm cơng việc cân xồi Trong người nhân cơng phải làm việc nhàm chán, lặp lặp lại ngày không đạt kết mong muốn hệ thống cân định lượng giúp thực cơng việc cách hiệu Hệ thống phần dây chuyền phân loại xồi nên có thơng số kích thước phù hợp với băng tải cấp liệu băng tải phân loại để chúng ghép nối với cách dễ dàng Hệ thống gồm phận cố định phận chuyển động Khi hoạt động, động điện pha truyền động cho phận chuyển động xoay để di chuyển xồi đến vị trí cảm biết load cell, nơi mà xoài cân định lượng, chuyển xồi đến vị trí Chúng tơi lập trình thuật tốn để đo lường khối lượng xồi xác Q trình đo lường gồm bước: Ghi nhận tín hiệu tương tự từ cảm biến load cell, chuyển đổi liệu sang khối lượng thực (đơn vị: gram) xuất khối lượng xoài với mã kích thước theo tiêu chuẩn VietGap GlobalGap Những tín hiệu đầu dùng để phân loại xồi cơng đoạn dây chuyền phân loại xoài Hệ thống thực cân định lượng thực tế đạt kết khả quan ii ABSTRACT According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, mango is one of the most popular and widely grown fruits throughout Vietnam The whole Mekong Delta has more than 47,000 hectares of mangoes of all kinds The average yield is 11–13 tons per hectare, and the productivity is about 567,732 tons per hectare Of these, 1,789 hectares of mangoes are grown according to VietGAP and GlobalGAP standards for export We can see that the potential for Vietnam to expand the mango export market is still very large because the export turnover of this fruit in Vietnam only accounts for 1.51% of the total mango export turnover in the world However, in the work of classifying mangoes according to export standards, there are still many difficulties One of those difficulties is the work of weighing mangoes Therefore, the research team has researched, designed, and manufactured a quantitative weighing system for the mango sorting line The main goal of the weighing system is to completely replace the humans doing the work of weighing mangoes While workers have to boring and repetitive work every day but not achieve the desired results, the weighing system will help us that job most effectively The system is part of the mango sorting line, so it has the right dimensions for the feeder and the sorter so they can be coupled together easily The system consists of fixed parts and moving parts When operating, the 3-phase electric motor drives the rotary actuator to move the mango to the load cell sensing position, where the mango is weighed and then moves the mango to the next position We programmed the algorithm to measure the mango mass accurately The measurement process consists of three steps: recording the analog signal from the load cell sensor, converting the data to the actual weight (unit: grams), and exporting the mango weight along with the size code according to VietGap and GlobalGap standards These output signals will be used to classify mangoes in the next stages of the mango sorting chain The system has been implemented quantitatively in real life and has achieved positive results iii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i TÓM TẮT ii ABSTRACT iii CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Literature review 1.2.1 Domestic research 1.2.2 International research 1.3 Reasons for choosing the research 1.4 Aims of the research 1.5 Research methods 1.6 Research limitations CHAPTER 2: FOUNDATIONAL THEORIES .8 2.1 Characteristics of Hoa Loc mango and Cat Chu mango 2.2 The Global GAP standard 2.3 Theory of mass and mass scales 10 2.4 Theory of quantitative weighing 10 2.4.1 Positive batching 11 2.4.2 Negative batching 11 2.4.3 Material overload 12 iv 2.4.4 Quantitative accumulation 12 2.5 Applying the quantitative method to the topic 13 2.6 Conclusion 14 CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM 15 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Requirements for a model of the system 15 3.3 Mechanical design options 17 3.3.1 Precision balance 17 3.3.2 Compression weigh module 17 3.3.3 High precision load cell 18 3.3.4 Single point load cell 18 3.4 Selection design 19 3.5 Analysis of the configuration of the system 25 3.5.1 Main motion frame 25 3.5.2 Engine use plan 27 3.5.3 System Framework 29 3.6 Chain drive 30 3.7 Motor 34 3.8 Conclusion 36 CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL-CONTROL SYSTEM 38 4.1 Introduction 38 4.2 Structure of the electrical-control system 38 4.3 Sensor system 40 4.4 Electro-mechanical drive systems 46 4.4.1 Three phase induction motor 46 v 4.4.2 Variable frequency drive 47 4.4.3 Speed control of three phase induction motor using variable frequency drive control system 50 4.5 Security system 53 4.6 Programming 54 4.7 Conclusion 59 CHAPTER 5: EXPERIMENTAL AND RESULTS ASSESSMENT 60 5.1 Introduction 60 5.2 System overview 60 5.3 Setup of the experimental system 63 5.4 Evaluation of results 64 5.5 Conclusion 66 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 67 6.1 Conclusion 67 6.2 Future work 67 REFERENCES 68 APPENDIX A: Measured weight result (Hoa Loc mango) 70 APPENDIX B: Measured weight result (Cat Chu mango) 73 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: The weight standards of mango .9 Table 3.1: Specifications of three phase motor (60 Hz) 34 Table 3.2: Specifications of three phase motor (50 Hz) 35 Table 4.1: Conversion result 45 Table 4.2: Input / output address of systems 54 Table 5.1: Hardware parameters of the system 61 vii