Great writing 5 answer key 5 edition

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GREAT WRITING 5: FROM GREAT ESSAYS TO RESEARCH ANSWER KEY Unit Activity 1, page Possible answer: The purpose of this essay is to argue that electronic voting systems are less reliable than paper ballots paragraphs; body paragraphs a citations b References c They are the same Possible answer: Computer hackers can change the outcome of an election Activity 2, page Possible answers: Yes, because the author asks a question and draws the reader into the essay Also, the reader wants to know why we should not rely on technology for voting Yes, because the reader wants to learn about the four strategies of camouflage and how they differ Answers will vary Answers will vary Activity 3, page a Hook: Can computer technology be used to steal an election? b Question a Hook: The animals that can live the longest are the ones that hide the best b Statement that surprises a Hook: Many students dread them, but tests are a key part of the educational experience b Dilemma/conflict Activity 4, pages 10–11 Possible answers: Hook: Some airline passengers pay twice as much as the person they are sitting next to Type of hook: Surprising statement Hook: Passwords need to be easy to remember yet complex enough to keep accounts secure Type of hook: Dilemma/conflict Hook: What makes the best jury? Type of hook: question Hook: These days kale is on nearly every menu What has made it so popular? Type of hook: Surprising statement / question Activity 5, page 12 a Thesis statement (controlling idea is underlined): The four primary strategies of camouflage include concealing coloration, disruptive coloration, disguise, and mimicry b Expected organization: The writer will discuss four strategies of camouflage, one strategy per body paragraph a Thesis statement (controlling idea is underlined): A wide variety of study skills and techniques can aid students as they work towards their objectives in all of their classes b Expected organization: The writer will discuss different studying strategies in relation to students’ objectives Answers will vary Activity 6, page 12 Answers will vary Activity 7, pages 13–15 _5 With mimicry, an animal’s coloring makes it resemble another, more dangerous creature so that they are virtually identical _3 Animals such as zebras and giraffes show disruptive coloration _4 With disguise, some animals resemble specific elements of their surroundings rather than their environment as a whole _2 Concealing coloration helps animals to blend into their surroundings and create a visual illusion Possible answer: Yes, the topic sentences an effective job of building on the ideas expressed in the thesis because they each elaborate on the ideas introduced Activity 8, page 16 Essay 1.1 Key words from the introduction paragraph: Computer technology, societies, voting, elections Paragraph ends with “Societies should not rely solely on electronic systems for voting because elections are too important to trust to computers.” The conclusion returns to this idea with “Since voting is critically important to the effective working of society, governments should not rely only on computers for all elections.” The writer gives an opinion Essay 1.2 Key words from the introduction paragraph: camouflage, strategies, predators, predation, hiking Paragraph ends with “The four primary strategies of camouflage include concealing coloration, disruptive coloration, disguise, and mimicry.” The conclusion returns to this idea with “Whether by concealing coloration, disruptive coloration, disguise, or mimicry, animals need the protections of camouflage if they are to escape their natural foes.” The writer gives an (expert’s) opinion “ as Emlen (2014) observes, “Animals that panic, dashing from their hiding places at the wrong time, or animals that walk or fly with the wrong gait, can break camouflage with deadly consequences” (p 18).”   Activity 9, page 17 Answers will vary 9 vastly 10 vast Activity 10, page 19 Activity 15, page 22 Possible answers: a weather delay: a delay that is caused by the weather a money shortage: a shortage of money a rice cooker: a machine that cooks rice an air traffic control mistake: a mistake with the control of air traffic an earthquake warning system malfunction: a malfunction with the warning system for an earthquake Answers will vary Activity 11, page 19 government officials voting machines voter registration paper receipts paper slips voting procedure Activity 12, page 20 acronym - UFO conceal - hide dispute - disagreement enhance - increase normal - usual pace - speed predator - attacker retain - keep vastly - significantly 10 verify - check Activity 13, pages 20–21 In subsequent months flee from the scene blend into your surroundings take an unnecessary risk a vastly different result dread seeing the dentist endure hardships a coherent strategy a normal body temperature 10 enhance the flavor Activity 14, page 21 deviation deviates endurance endured enhanced enhances evolved evolve 2  Great Writing 5: From Great Essays to Research Activity 16, page 22 The candidate’s TV commercial was a crucial part of her campaign Some animals have developed very clever ways of protecting themselves In many courses, the final exam is worth as much as 50% of the final grade The three largest countries in the South America is are Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia Selling a product successfully in a foreign country may require to make making changes to the product Activity 17, page 23 Possible answers: The main cause of the problem is a severe lack of natural resources such as coal and oil OR A severe lack of natural resources such as coal and oil is the main cause of the problem The president and vice-president played a part in passing a bill that raises taxes on sodas and other sugary drinks In the experiment last week, the scientists placed coffee plants in special containers to see how much oxygen the plants would produce OR Last week in the experiment, the scientists placed coffee plants in special containers to see how much oxygen the plants would produce Activity 18, page 24 Possible answers: No Babies Allowed? Should parents be allowed to bring their young baby to an upscale restaurant? Recently there has been some debate about this issue Restaurant customers sometimes complain that a crying baby can ruin their special evening out They say that it is not acceptable that they have paid a lot of money for a special evening and then a crying baby spoils their experience Some parents say that everyone has the right to eat in any restaurant For them, the price of the meal should not determine who can and cannot eat at that restaurant Restaurant owners find themselves in a difficult situation because they not want to lose affluent customers who are willing to spend a lot of money at their places of business However, these same owners not want to appear to be cold-hearted when it comes to children It is indeed a difficult situation In the meantime, it appears that different restaurants will have different policies about customers bringing young babies with them Activity 19, page 25 A cause-effect essay: Topic A comparison essay: Topic A reaction essay: Topic An argumentative essay: Topic Activity 20, page 25 Answers will vary Unit Activity 1, page 28 Possible answers: Brainstorm ideas Read about the topic Make an outline Activity 2, page 29 A h Cell phones are addictive B A answering a text while driving is not rational V Topic of Body Paragraph 4: b People think that using a cell phone does not affect ability to other things at same time A The Occupational Safety and Health administration warns drivers that reaction time is greatly slowed down B Example: g Texting causes the same delayed reaction as driving while drinking VI Conclusion A The ending of the story is not as bad as it could have been B d Advice—turn your cell phone off Answers will vary Activity 7, page 34 Activity 3, page 30 Answers will vary Possible answers: b How music affects our mood c The best music to study with b Why the service industry is growing c The best jobs in the 21st century b Why football is popular in the U.S c Sports in education b A vegetarian diet c Steps to being healthy with nutrition Activity 8, page 36 Activity 4, page 32 Possible answers: Pros: Children learn about limits Children can spend more time outside getting exercise There is less risk of damaging vision Cons: It is hard to enforce time limits Children may be using their screens for educational information Activity 5, page 33 Answers will vary Activity 6, page 33 Title: The Dangers of Texting While Driving I Introduction A Hook: Establish that texting while driving is dangerous B Thesis statement: e My car accident was completely avoidable—I was texting while driving II Topic of Body Paragraph 1: Beginning of the story A c I was expecting a text message B I answered the message C f I took my eyes off the road III Topic of Body Paragraph 2: My accident could have been worse A I had an accident I hit a parking meter B a Police officer gave me a ticket IV Topic of Body Paragraph 3: People feel a strong need to answer their cell phones Possible answers: The Value of Bargaining Bargaining for the best price when you are shopping is a tough experience The buyer wants to purchase a product at the lowest possible price whereas the seller wants to maximize the potential for profit While the desires of the buyer and the seller completely oppose each other, it is in the best interest of buyers to strategize exactly how they will convince a seller to lower his/her prices Although prices are often not negotiable, it never hurts to bargain with the seller Activity 9, pages 37–38 Paragraph 1: The vehicle I was driving at the time was approximately five years old Paragraph 2: Every day I receive up to 50 text messages Paragraph 3: The police who arrived at the accident scene were very polite Paragraph 4: According to Hayley Tsukayama’s article, the World Health Organization says that video games are a serious addiction for millions of people Paragraph 5: Some cell phones can help drivers immediately call for emergency help if an accident occurs Paragraph 6: Why people continue to mix texting and driving? Activity 10, page 39 Possible answers: Confusing Nouns Learning nouns in a new language may seem easy, but in fact the grammar of nouns can vary from language to language Spanish, for example, has male nouns and female nouns, but why newspaper is masculine and magazine is feminine is a mystery Japanese nouns have no plural form, so Japanese learners of English may think -s is unnecessary in the phrase many books because the word many already means plural In German, all nouns are capitalized whereas English capitalizes nouns that name specific people, places, and things For example, English does not capitalize woman or city, but it does capitalize Susan and Cairo Finally, some languages mark the role of the noun as subject or direct object, so in Japanese, -wa is often added to a noun as subject and -o to a noun as the direct object of a verb English does not require suffixes to mark the role of nouns in a sentence Because nouns express basic ideas such as the name of a person, place, or thing, they seem easy, but they can be confusing Answer Key  Activity 11, pages 40–41 react consists stand out is has are are provides share 10 involves Activity 12, page 41 is centers have uses promote portrays are sends live 10 helps 11 promotes Activity 13, page 42 anticipate - expect at once - immediately bargain - deal desire - want minor – less important occupational - work shift - change thereby - as a result tragic - sad 10 virtually - nearly Activity 14, pages 42–43 has not been tough enough receive up to $1 million a sudden shift in people’s attitudes cause serious harm bargain with someone an occupational hazard an ability to multitask a rational mind a deep desire to learn 10 a minor concern Activity 15, pages 43–44 harmful harm maximum 4  Great Writing 5: From Great Essays to Research  maximize negotiation negotiable shift shifted Tragically 10 tragedy Activity 16, page 44 Answers will vary Activity 17, page 44 Sometimes a word can be more than one part of speech with no change at all, but other times the ending of the word changes to indicate whether it is a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb A roller coaster is a type of the amusement park attraction with a railroad system where cars can to travel up and down slopes at fast speeds The country of Switzerland lies in the center of Europe, while Norway and Greece is are at the extremes of the continent Jambalaya is a dish from Louisiana that people make it with rice, vegetables, and seafood Texting and driving can have tragedy tragic results, so it is best don't not to look at a phone at all when operating a car Activities 18, page 45 Possible answers: The team anticipates tough competition in next week’s championship game The child’s desire for attention did not seem rational Some people can multitask up to three tasks at once In some places, bargaining can help maximize your dollar Some of the minor details of the contract are negotiable Activity 19, page 45 Possible answers: Owning a car in Vietnam is very expensive because of a high government tax, so there are many more motorcycles than cars OR Because of a high government tax, owning a car in Vietnam is very expensive, so there are many more motorcycles than cars OR In Vietnam there are many more motorcycles than cars because a high government tax makes owning a car very expensive Rabbits are natural runners and can reach speeds of up to 30 or 40 mph OR Rabbits are natural runners that can reach speeds of up to 30 or 40 mph The highest score for a game in the World Cup occurred when Austria defeated Switzerland 7–5 in the quarterfinal in 1954 Activity 20, pages 46–47 Answers will vary Unit Activity 1, pages 50–51 a NC; b C a C; b NC a NC; b C a NC; b C Mark Twain suggested that we will have more regret if we don’t participate in activities or life rather than if we Lin Yutang noted that you find true peace when you not struggle against difficulties Alice Walker pointed out that the easiest way to lose power is to think you don’t have it Oscar Wilde thought that we should enjoy life rather than take it too seriously Activity 2, pages 53–54 Activity 7, page 59–60 Most important ideas highlighted in bold Sentence 1: With the arrival of the South Florida Railroad in 1880, Orlando was on its way to intensive growth Sentence 2: Two decades later, Orlando experienced rapid growth again on an incredible scale when Walt Disney World opened its gates to tourists in 1971 a TS – too similar b X – different meaning c P – best paraphrase a TS – too similar b P – best paraphrase c X – different meaning Answers will vary Activity 3, page 54 Possible answers: Just half a decade ago, Orlando used to be a small agricultural town, but today it is the most visited place in Florida because of the multiple theme parks there In fact, more than 55 million tourists visit this area annually These parks, however, are not actually in the city of Orlando but rather 15 miles away Although all of these parks with millions of visitors are just a few miles away, the city does not have the level of commercialism that you see near the parks Unfortunately, the city has problems with traffic because of the theme park workers who live in Orlando Tourism has clearly affected life in the Orlando area Most important ideas highlighted in bold Located 22 miles southwest of Orlando, the Disney area alone covers some 28,000 acres Paraphrase: Possible answer:  By itself Disney includes 28,000 acres, and it is just 22 miles from Orlando In addition to having Florida’s largest hotel, Walt Disney World has an array of thrilling attractions, including the Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney’s Hollywood Studios, and Animal Kingdom Paraphrase: Possible answer: Not only is Walt Disney World the home of the largest hotel in Florida, but it also has many amazing theme parks Activity 8, page 61 Possible answers: Orlando used to be a small agricultural town This is due to the many theme parks Orlando has experienced a high level of growth in the past twenty years, but the level of commercialism remains low despite being close to the very busy tourist area Clearly, tourism has affected life in the Orlando area Activity 9, page 61 Activity 10, page 62–63 Answers will vary Activity 4, page 56 Activity 11, page 63–64 Possible answers: a APA: According to Wilkins (1972), “While without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed” (p 111) b MLA: According to Wilkins, “While without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed” (111) a APA: According to Wilkins (1972), communication depends much more on vocabulary than on grammar (p 111) b MLA: According to Wilkins, communication depends much more on vocabulary than on grammar (111).  Possible answers: Paragraph A: Important information Julia Child, born in 1912, became internationally famous in the 1960s with the publication of her cookbook, Mastering the Art of French Cooking The book was praised for its sharp attention to detail, step-by-step instructions, and clear illustrations of complex cooking techniques Over the remainder of her life, Child published approximately 20 more books, including her autobiography, My Life in France Today’s celebrity chefs owe a debt of gratitude to Julia Child, an early pioneer of the field Paragraph B: Important information A world-renowned chef, Julia Child became famous for her first cookbook, Mastering the Art of French Cooking, and she cemented her celebrity status with several television programs, including Julia Child & Company and Dinner at Julia’s In several of her early programs, before television shows could be easily edited, she made mistakes in her preparations, resulting in failed dishes Ironically, her mistakes endeared her to her audience, as she demonstrated that even great chefs have bad days Child died in 2004, leaving behind her a lasting legacy of delicious food Activity 5, page 57 APA: References Wilkins, D A (1972) Linguistics in language London: Edward Arnold MLA: Works Cited Wilkins, David A Linguistics in Language Edward Arnold, 1972 Activity 6, page 58 Possible answers: Thomas Edison observed that people who fail are often those who gave up too early Answer Key  Synthesis of Paragraph A and B Julia Child, 1912–2004, was a world-famous chef Her first cookbook, Mastering the Art of French Cooking, launched her career when it was published in the 1960s It was praised for how it used simple language to explain complicated recipes and made them seem simple for everyone She was also in several television programs that people enjoyed watching One reason people loved her cooking shows was that Child sometimes made mistakes in the recipe, and people realized that cooking was not a perfect science Even very experienced people like Chef Child make mistakes She also wrote 20 books, including her autobiography My Life in France Today millions of people remember this great chef who inspired them to cook without fear Activity 12, page 64 acute - severe array - choices complex - complicated concede - admit you are wrong congestion - a lot of people found - start fraction - a part premium - higher quality reveal - show 10 seek - look for Activity 13, page 65 concede an election a wide array of a lasting legacy an early pioneer point out differences a small fraction of the population intensive training bad congestion on the roads a complex problem 10 reveal a secret Activity 14, pages 65–66 acute Acutely commercialism commercially complex complexity intensive intensifies master 10 mastery Activity 15, page 66 Answers will vary Activity 16, page 67 Due to the numerous factories in that area, the quality of the air in that regional region of the country is quite poor 6  Great Writing 5: From Great Essays to Research  According to the article, the largest states are Alaska, Texas, and Montana, but Alaska and Montana has have relatively small populations Unlike just twenty years ago, obtaining a good job today require requires social networking skills An important question for to consider is whether schools with smaller class sizes produces produce better test scores Some airline officials who were early advocates for purchasing the new aircraft have recently complained about the lack of training for crew members Activity 17, pages 67–68 Possible answers: Badgers have short legs for digging, but they can run surprisingly fast, up to 30 kph for a short period of time OR Even though badgers have short legs for digging, they can run surprisingly fast, up to 30 kph for a short period of time The famous composer Ludwig van Beethoven lost his hearing in 1801, but he completed many of his most famous works, including his ninth symphony, around 1820 OR Although the famous composer Ludwig van Beethoven lost his hearing in 1801, he composed many of his most famous works, including his ninth symphony, around 1820 Venus, which is named for the Roman goddess of love and beauty, is the second planet from the sun and has an average temperature of 462 degrees Celsius OR Venus, named for the Roman goddess of love and beauty, is the second planet from the sun and has an average temperature of 462 degrees Celsius Activity 18, page 68 Possible answers: In today’s society, some people believe that there is too much commercialism According to this report, there is an acute problem with immigration If the report reveals any missing funds, we will take action Without a doubt, the day I flew in a hot air balloon was the most thrilling day of my life John Glenn was a famous astronaut and a true pioneer in his field Activity 19, pages 69–70 Answers will vary Unit Activity 1, page 76 ✓ the reasons that Earth’s weather has changed so much in the last century Bangkok versus Singapore as a vacation destination a trip to visit my grandparents ✓ the increasing use of computers in schools explaining dietary guidelines for children how to play the piano ✓ why some students receive scholarships ✓ falling birthrates in many countries Answers will vary 10 Answers will vary B Cite the study of W Seymour, who documents the circumstances of the battle C Discuss how the United States might have remained a member of the British Commonwealth, if not for a heavy fog Activity 2, page 77 IV Body Paragraph A Provide the example of Napoleon Bonaparte’s invasion of Russia B Cite the study of H Belloc, who documents the effect of the Russian winter C Discuss the consequences of Napoleon’s defeat in relation to Russia’s rise as a world power Possible answers: Cause of stress: Financial worries Tests Illness Effects of stress: Poor sleep Poor health Depression Activity 3, pages 78–80 Pre reading questions: Answers will vary Post-reading questions: The purpose of this essay is to show how weather has affected world history Thesis: Although many people believe that the weather has little influence in their lives besides determining what clothes they wear on a particular day, the weather has in fact caused world history to radically shift in important ways that are still felt today focus-on-effects method APA Causes: a a monsoon in Japan b fog in Long Island c the cold winters of Russia Effects: a Kublai Khan failed to conquer Japan b The British failed to defeat the American colonists c France failed to conquer Russia Answers will vary Activity 4, pages 81–82 I Introduction A Hook: Describe how people think they control their fate B Suggest that people cannot control every aspect of their environments C Thesis statement: The weather has changed world history in important ways II Body Paragraph A Provide the example of Kublai Khan and his invasion of Japan B Cite the study of J Delgado, who describes Kublai Khan’s failed invasion C Discuss how Japan’s identity would have changed if Khan had succeeded in his invasion V Conclusion A Summarize the three examples from the body paragraphs B Suggest that, although weather forecasters can predict the weather with more accuracy than in the past, the course of history cannot be fully isolated from the effects of the weather Activity 5, page 83 Possible answers: Two significant effects of phone addiction are diminished attention spans and lack of social engagement While many people complain of bad relations with their siblings, being an only child has drawbacks Reducing one’s environmental impact, saving animals, and maintaining good health are three reasons for choosing a vegetarian diet Insomnia is often a result of stress and poor eating habits Activity 6, page 84 Paragraph 1  the weather has in fact caused world history Paragraph As a result of two monsoons Because of this unexpected defeat Paragraph Due to this fog  Consequently, today’s United Kingdom of England Paragraph However, because his dreams of glory As a consequence of the failure of Paragraph 5  the weather has been a key factor in numerous Activity 7, pages 84–85 If as a consequence of / because of Thus in order to Finally because can lead to Furthermore III Body Paragraph A Provide the example of the American Revolution against Great Britain Answer Key  Activity 8, page 86 A Simple Experiment In our experiment, we placed three live freshwater plants into a quart jar that was is filled with fresh water at 70 degrees Fahrenheit We then carefully added a medium-sized goldfish Next, we tightened tighten the lid and wrapped tape tightly around the lid This very last step was is done to ensure that no air could can enter or exit the bottle The jar was placed on a shelf where it was is exposed to indirect sunlight for approximately eight hours each day At one o’clock every day for a week, we observed the fish swimming in the jar On several occasions, we noticed notice that the plants emitted multiple bubbles of a gas The fish survived for the entire week even though no food or air was provided Our original hypothesis was that the green plants produced a gas We now believe believed this gas was oxygen Activity 9, page 87 retreat - go back crush - defeat tempting - inviting hypothesis - idea 10 superior - better Activity 11, pages 88–89 during the king’s reign completely overlook the obvious a radically different idea according to the original hypothesis a reciprocal agreement a serious obstacle to achieving a goal the soldiers were ordered to retreat span several decades a dreadful mistake 10 occur multiple times C F; With no remarkable difference except the color of the exterior paint Possible answer: The two houses stood side by side with no remarkable difference except the color of the exterior paint F; A history of many intriguing stories of leprechauns, fairies, and elves Possible answer: Ireland is a country with a history of many intriguing stories of leprechauns, fairies, and elves C F; Because of the unprecedented popularity of this particular film Possible answer: Because of the unprecedented popularity of this particular film, producers were extremely eager to begin work on its sequel C F; After nearly three decades of separation Possible answer: When the two brothers finally meet after nearly three decades of separation, the atmosphere is tense C F; Pay a great deal to talk with a so-called expert who claims to be able to understand what dreams mean Possible answer: I don’t want to pay a great deal to talk with a so-called expert who claims to be able to understand what dreams mean 10 F; Since the bus workers in the area are continuing their strike over pay Possible answer: Since the bus workers in the area are continuing their strike over pay, thousands of commuters in the capital city were once again late for work today Flights from San Francisco were delayed because the fog caused limited visible visibility Barack Obama became the 44th president of the United States on January 20, 2009, and served two terms for a total of eight years The country of Singapore was a part of the Federation of Malaya until 1965 that is when it became an independent country One of the most famous desserts in Argentina is dulce de leche, which is a sugary paste that people eat with ice cream O Henry is the pen-name of a well-known American author whose short stories are considered classics Activity 10, page 88 Activity 15, page 91 emit - release brutal - bad handily - easily obstacle - problem unambiguously - clearly Possible answers: The beautiful countries of Switzerland and Austria lie in the center of Europe Because the verb get has many different meanings, it is difficult for people who are learning English OR 8  Great Writing 5: From Great Essays to Research  Activity 12, page 89 densely dense intervene intervention justification justify justified temptation tempting 10 tempt Activity 13, page 90 Answers will vary Activity 14, page 90 The verb get has many different meanings, so it is difficult for people who are learning English The Beatles were a musical group from the United Kingdom that became internationally famous in the 1960s OR The Beatles, a musical group from the United Kingdom, became internationally famous in the 1960s Activity 16, page 92 Possible answers: Lighting the World One of the most positive outcomes of the invention of the light bulb is that it has allowed people to expand their lives into the dark hours of night Human productivity increased significantly after this invention significantly because better lighting enabled people to read, study, work, play, and socialize into the late hours In addition, the prevalence of affordable lighting allowed companies to continue to manufacture their products during the night hours Electric lighting also enhanced public safety, because city streets were illuminated without the potentially potential danger of gas Now that electric lights are everywhere, it is almost impossible to imagine a world without them Activity 17, pages 92–93 a c Possible answer: Though some people think granola bars are good for you, they can contain a lot of sugar as well Possible answer: Earth’s population has increased dramatically since 1800, and it looks like this growth will continue Activities 18, pages 94–95 Answers will vary Unit Activity 1, page 100 The steps in collecting data for a research study ✓ Rio de Janeiro versus Tokyo as a site for the Summer Olympic Games ✓ Reproductive processes of mammals and reptiles ✓ Societies with small families and societies with large families An analysis of voting trends and results in recent elections in Ecuador ✓ The career choice of becoming a teacher or a lawyer Daily life for a student at a university Information about llamas in the Andes Mountains in Peru Answers will vary 10 Answers will vary Activity 2, page 102 Answers will vary Activity 3, pages 102–105 Pre-reading questions: Answers will vary Post-reading questions: The purpose of this essay is to compare two different kinds of classroom: online versus face-to-face Thesis statement: Students should not assume that either online or face-to-face classes are superior; instead, they should focus on what they need to learn from a particular course and which learning paradigm will best facilitate their education point-by-point method Advantages of face-to-face classes a Development of communication skills b More opportunities for social interaction Advantages of online classes a Greater convenience b Increased student participation Answers will vary Possible answer: The writer could have discussed the costs associated with these two kinds of courses: books, transportation, etc Activity 4, page 106 Possible answers: Title: Online and Face-to-Face Learning in the Digital Age I Introduction A Describe increasing importance of computers in education B Briefly contrast online education with traditional face-toface classes C Thesis statement: Students should not assume that either online or face-to-face classes are superior; instead, they should focus on what they need to learn from a particular course and which learning paradigm will best facilitate their education II Body Paragraph A Discuss convenience of online courses versus face-to-face courses B Provide example of how scheduling time for online courses is more convenient than for face-to-face courses III Body Paragraph A Discuss the different rates of student participation in online versus face-to-face courses B Provide scholarly evidence that supports argument that online courses increase student participation IV Body Paragraph A Discuss the differences in face-to-face communication in these two kinds of classes B Provide example of specific classroom settings that benefit from face-to-face interaction V Body Paragraph A Discuss the need for adequate computer access and skills to take online courses B Suggest that some students spend too much time learning how to use the computer technology rather than concentrating on the subject matter VI Body Paragraph A Discuss differences in personal relationships between traditional and online classes Answer Key  B Provide an example of how teachers cannot write effective recommendation letters for students they not know personally VII Conclusion A Suggest that students and teachers assess their learning and instructional styles in order to create learning environments where everyone is likely to prosper B Predict that this issue will be resolved in the future Activity 5, page 107 Possible answers: Although Walt Disney’s theme parks in Orlando and Tokyo share many of the same attractions, there are key differences between them as well While soccer and rugby originated from the same sport, they are now significantly different in many ways Despite their shared reputations as political reformers, England’s Queen Victoria and Elizabeth II saw their position in quite different terms Activity 6, page 108 Paragraph 2: Although face-to-face Shows difference Paragraph 3: As opposed to some lecture classes Shows difference Paragraph 4: Another difference between these two types Shows difference Paragraph 5: While face-to-face classes Shows difference Paragraph 6: Finally, one other way traditional classrooms are different from online classes Shows difference Paragraph 7: Both face-to-face and online courses Shows similarity Activity 7, pages 109–111 Pre-reading questions: Answers will vary While-reading questions: too Unlike whereas but For example While on the other hand Thus As a result 10 While 11 Consequently 12 both The economy is growing as rapidly this year as last year WW1 was as not nearly as costly in terms of lives as WW2 Community colleges are not as expensive as universities Introversion does not seem to be as common as extroversion Activity 9, page 112 According to the most recent data, the population of Spain is larger than the population/that of Greece The company’s annual report indicates excellent sales in January, March, and July With only five days until the deadline, our team’s project is not as good as the other team’s Many children like watching TV shows and playing video games To apply for a loan, select from our different loan packages, fill out an application, and submit it to a loan officer at the bank According to the report, schools in California spend more money per student than schools/those in New York For better heart health, three great forms of exercise involve our legs: jogging, distance running, and brisk/fast walking To relax, many people like surfing the Internet, working in the garden, and doing crossword puzzles Activity 10, page 113 vital - necessary indigenous - native encounter - find merge - combine simulate - similar duplicate - copy reluctance - hesitation navigate - understand prosper - succeed 10 isolate - alone Activity 11, page 113–114 facilitate student learning navigate the web site easily the mass extinction of dinosaurs effective planning is vital an animal’s natural habitat duplicate the results of an experiment address a problem a hospitable environment a reluctance to participate 10 allocate enough time for a meeting Activity 8, page 111 Activity 12, page 114 Possible answers: Egypt is not as large as Saudi Arabia The population of San Francisco is not as large as the population of Los Angeles The heart is not as complex an organ as the brain The weather in Tokyo is not as humid as in Bangkok 1 extinction extinct isolated isolating navigable navigate 10  Great Writing 5: From Great Essays to Research  prosperity prosperous simulation 10 simulate Unit Activity 13, page 115 Activity 2, page 125 Answers will vary Answers will vary Activity 14, page 115 Activity 3, pages 126–128 Before you start to write a paragraph or an essay, you should make a simple outline Giraffes eat only leaves, so they usually live in areas with a lot of green vegetation Miami may have more people than any another other city in Florida, but the capital city has been is Tallahassee Three great gift ideas for a recent college graduate includes the cash, clothing, and travel The article indicates how many adults have to wear glasses or contacts for to read well Pre-reading questions: Answers will vary Post-reading questions: The purpose of this essay is to describe a reaction to an infographic The National Geographic graphic “Lost and Tossed” (2016) depicts in a clear and comprehensible way the staggering amount of edible food that is wasted each year Reaction to the quality of the graphic: clear, comprehensible Reaction to the topic of the graphic: alarming Thesis statement: Given that, globally, so many people suffer from serious hunger, the information presented in this visual is especially alarming Answers will vary Possible answer: The writer could have included information about how much food is wasted at restaurants and supermarkets Activity 15, page 116 Possible answers: To have some quiet time before the rest of their family wakes up and to get to their office on time, some people wake up very early every day OR Some people wake up early every day in order to have some quiet time before the rest of their family wakes up and to get to work on time A Boeing 737, which is one of the most common commercial planes, seats approximately 140 passengers OR One of the most common commercial planes, the Boeing 737, seats approximately 140 passengers According to a credible website, the top three names for baby girls in England are Sophia, Olivia, and Emma followed by Isabella and Ava OR Sophia, Olivia, and Emma, followed by Isabella and Ava, are the top three names for baby girls in England, according to a credible website Activity 16, page 116–117 c a Possible answer: People should let animals stay in their natural homes so that these animals can survive and avoid extinction Possible answer: One last distinction between face-to-face and online courses is that there are more chances for students to interact and develop relationships in face-to-face situations Activities 17, pages 117–118 Answers will vary Activity 1, pages 122–123 Answers will vary Activity 4, page 128 Title: The Shocking Truth about Food Waste I Introduction A Briefly mention how precious food is for humanity B Cite National Geographic’s visual of food loss C Thesis statement: Given that, globally, so many people suffer from serious hunger, the information presented in this visual is especially alarming II Body Paragraph A Most distressing revelation in the graphic: more fruits and vegetables are lost or wasted than actually eaten B State that this graphic shows that all of us need to reduce food waste III Body Paragraph A Another disturbing statistic about food loss: 20 percent of food loss happens during picking and sorting B Rhetorical question: With modern agricultural equipment and technology readily available, how is it possible to waste that much food? IV Body Paragraph A Discuss how consumers contribute to food loss—20% B This waste is unacceptable: it is insulting to the millions of people who are suffering from hunger around the globe V Conclusion A Prediction: We will be more motivated to our part toward reducing food waste Answer Key  11 Activity 5, page 129 Activity 10, page 134 Answers will vary 1 eagerly await a response ranked as the best in the world deeply disturbing compile a list a recent opinion poll an alarming report be taken aback by surprising news readily available due to expire soon 10 an embarrassing revelation Activity 6, page 130 Furthermore, along with another study (Conrad, Niles, Neher, Roy, Tichenor, & Jahns, 2018) suggesting that “the average person living in America wastes nearly one pound of food daily” (14), this graphic shows that all of us—from farmers to consumers—need to decrease food waste With regard to other parts of the graphic, another disturbing statistic is that 20 percent of food loss happens during picking and sorting Without a doubt, this is unacceptable Indeed, just as most people cannot imagine wasting food, they are shocked to find out how much food is actually wasted every day Activity 7, page 131 Long before Colgate started selling its toothpaste in the 1800s, the ancient Egyptians had a recipe for toothpaste At college, students learn key skills in order that they can be prepared for a good job after graduation This website is especially useful for young teens even though it was originally designed for the people of their grandparents’ age Because the senator’s popularity is so low, it is unlikely that he will win in the next election Even if the team wins all its remaining games, it will have a losing record for the year Some sociologists note that the rich are getting richer whereas the poor are getting poorer Activity 8, page 129–131 Possible answers: Even though / Although / Though When because / since Additionally / Furthermore / In addition / Also Regarding Even though / Although / Though Indeed / In fact Finally / In addition / Furthermore While / Although / Even though / Though 10 Nonetheless / However Activity 9, page 133 alarming - shocking commodity - product compile - organize depict - show edible - can eat expire - end rank - order reputable - respectable revelation - announcement 10 taken aback - surprised 12  Great Writing 5: From Great Essays to Research  Activity 11, pages 134–135 disturbed disturbing eager eagerly expires expired reputation reputedly reveals/revealed 10 revelation Activity 12, page 135 Answers will vary Activity 13, page 135 Although the United Kingdom and New Zealand are similar for in size, but New Zealand has just under million people while the United Kingdom has more than 63 million people OR  Although The United Kingdom and New Zealand are similar for in size, but New Zealand has just under million people while the United Kingdom has more than 63 million people Because of Vietnam has such an incredible variety of interesting places to see and experience, more than 10 millions tourists visit this country each year One thing that makes Arabic as a foreign language difficult to master is that many different dialects are spoken, which means that the Arabic in Egypt may not resemble to the Arabic in Morocco or Oman Few people outside the city of Pittsburgh knows know about its riverside trails where people bike or jog and enjoying enjoy the river scenery According to a reputable higher education website, at least 38 schools in the United Kingdom that offer courses in chemical engineering at the undergraduate level Activity 14, page 136 It is alarming that 20 percent of fruits and vegetables are lost during picking and sorting OR The loss of 20 percent of fruits and vegetables during picking and sorting is alarming Of the 12 verb tenses in English, one of the most difficult for English language learners is the present perfect tense OR For English language learners, the present perfect tense is one of the most difficult of the 12 verb tenses Many people are surprised to learn (that) the three official languages in New Zealand are English, Maori, and sign language OR The three official languages in New Zealand are English, Maori, and sign language, which many people are surprised to learn Activity 15, page 137 Possible answers: Banning Plastic Straws Should plastic straws be banned? Many environmental activists are concerned about the number of plastic products that are produced and then thrown away after a single use Plastic products disintegrate very slowly, so they can contribute to horrible environmental problems One example of this kind of problem is the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch, which is a 79-thousand-ton floating trash island Environmentalists will hope that if people learn that they not need plastic straws, they will reconsider their use of other plastic products A vast number of products today are packaged and sold in plastic Banning plastic straws will not solve this problem entirely, but it would be a good first step Activity 16, page 137–138 b c Possible answer: Beginning with the movie The Jazz Singer, actors were able to speak their lines instead of gesturing their reactions, which marked the end of silent movies Possible answer: Wikipedia reports that curling started in Scotland in the 1500s and was played on frozen lakes Activity 17, pages 139–140 Answers will vary Unit Activity 1, page 146 The first time someone flew in a plane ✓ The choice of a specific candidate to vote for in an election How and why birds migrate south for the winter Steps in negotiating an international contract ✓ The necessity of higher taxes on gasoline ✓ Why schools should offer after-school programs for ­ at-risk students ✓ Reasons that you deserve a pay raise How to play chess well Answers will vary 10 Answers will vary Activity 2, page 147–148 Possible answers: Topic: Requiring future parents to take parenting classes Pro: Parents will be more confident Young parents can meet other future parents and learn from one another Con: Teaching future parents about child raising is a family’s responsibility Time spent in class means time spent away from work or leisure Topic: Allowing the death penalty Pro: Taxpayers will not have to pay to keep the offenders in prison The threat of the death penalty will keep people from committing violent crimes Con: The individual may have been wrongly convicted No one should have the right to take another person’s life Topic: Getting a pet for a child Pro: Pets are good companions for children A pet’s death can teach children how to grieve Con: A pet might hurt the child Parents may have to take care of the pet if the child fails to take responsibility Activity 3, pages 148–151 Pre-reading questions: Answers will vary Possible answers Topic: Studying abroad for one semester Pro: Studying abroad could help students learn life skills not taught in schools, like budgeting and being aware of other cultures Students could practice language skills in real life rather than in a classroom Con: If students are immature or rude, they could give a bad impression of their country when abroad Students may consider the semester abroad as a vacation Post-reading questions: The purpose of this essay is to argue that study abroad programs are beneficial for students and their future careers Thesis statement: Colleges and universities should require students to study abroad for at least one semester of their undergraduate education to prepare them for today’s interconnected world Arguments to support viewpoint: a A semester abroad allows students to experience a new culture Answer Key  13 b A semester abroad gives students the opportunity to learn a foreign language outside of the classroom Paragraph The opposing idea is that the semester abroad is just a vacation for students Answers will vary The last sentence offers an opinion Activity 4, pages 151–152 Possible answers: Title: Why Studying Abroad Is The Best Classroom I Introduction A Hook: Quote about interconnectedness B People’s jobs now depend on international connections C Thesis statement: Colleges and universities should require students to study abroad II Body Paragraph A Show how studying abroad lets students experience a foreign culture B Brewer and Cunningham (2009): Studying abroad teaches students about not only the foreign culture but also their own culture and perspectives III Body Paragraph A Discuss how studying abroad contributes to learning a foreign language B Kauffmann, Martin, and Weaver (1992): Learning a language in a real-life situation is effective IV Body Paragraph A Explain how studying abroad allows students to see their academic discipline from a new perspective B Provide a counterargument: …this argument may appear illogical: Math is math, whether in Peru or Poland, and the fundamental principles of chemistry not change from Ghana to Germany V Body Paragraph A Address a common opposing idea that studying abroad is just a vacation B Show that A is not accurate: Study by Dwyer and Peters (2004) C Argue that schools need to prepare their students for study abroad so they know the requirements and goals VI Conclusion A Suggest that studying abroad should be required B Opinion: In a world made smaller by technological advances, students who graduate with the experience of living in a foreign culture will also be better prepared to succeed in their careers Activity 5, page 153 Possible answers: Topic: Requiring future parents to take parenting classes Pro: Future parents should be required to take parenting classes as there would be important benefits to the child and his/her parents Con: Future parents should not be required to attend parenting classes because being a parent is a private affair 14  Great Writing 5: From Great Essays to Research  Topic: Allowing the death penalty Pro: The death penalty should be allowed for several important reasons Con: The death penalty should be banned because of three significant reasons Topic: Getting a pet for a child Pro: Getting a pet for children should be encouraged as it promotes responsibility and respect for animals Con: Getting a pet for children should be discouraged because of three reasons Activity page 155 Paragraph 3: Furthermore, studying abroad also greatly facilitates learning a new language Paragraph 4: Additionally, students benefit from studying their academic discipline from a new perspective Activity 7, page 155 Counterargument: Though studying abroad offers many advantages, some may argue that a semester or year abroad is nothing but a vacation Possible answer:  Paraphrase of refutation: Some students use the study abroad experience as an excuse to have fun, but their behavior should not cause universities to cancel study abroad programs Activity 8, page 155 Possible answers: Refutation: However, risking the lives of passengers is too dangerous and can hurt the airline’s reputation Refutation: Yet many people have found ways to prevent food waste, and their example should be followed Refutation: Nonetheless, there is evidence that a teacher’s ability to transmit knowledge and skills can impact test scores Activity 9, pages 156–158 Pre-reading questions: Answers will vary While reading: What is more, While Additionally While Some might argue that Nevertheless, Post-reading questions: The purpose of this essay is to argue that governments should more to protect the oceans by preventing overfishing and promoting alternative methods Thesis statement: Governments must encourage sustainable fishing practices and other regulatory guidelines to ensure that the oceans preserve their variety of animal and plant life as well as sufficient fish populations Counterargument: Some might argue that the oceans are so huge that there must be plenty of fish left Answers will vary Activity 10, page 159 Activity 15, pages 163 must should should should could might might assume assumption considerable considerably depletion depleted revolution revolutionary sustainability 10 sustainable Activity 11, page 160 The audience was completely disgusted by the speaker’s remarks The medical tests used to diagnose heart disease are highly accurate One thing that we know about the weather is that it can be utterly unpredictable Although the drug is expensive, it has proven to be highly effective It can be extremely difficult to persuade citizens to vote for higher taxes Activity 12, page 161 Possible answers: virtually fairly / relatively extremely/ deeply scarcely / hardly absolutely / utterly highly totally / utterly / completely Activity 13, page 162 collapse - destruction compound - increase considerably - greatly deplete - finish downplay – less serious framework - plan gravity - seriousness in a new light - in a different way suspend - stop for a time 10 trigger - cause to happen Activity 14, pages 162–163 an incentive to work hard downplay the significance make an incorrect assumption recognize the gravity of the situation trigger an explosion compensate for a weakness a sustainable way of life the collapse of the industry invalidate a contract 10 considerably more expensive Activity 16, page 164 Answers will vary Activity 17, page 165 While most country countries around the world require a person to be at the least 18 years old to obtain a driver’s license, in some parts of the United States and Canada, the minimum age is as young as 14 One way to minimize the number of people who/that catch a cold each year is to encourage them to wash their hands frequent frequently Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, the play that continues J K Rowling’s famous fantasy series, begins 19 years after the events of the last book in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Banjos and guitars are similar musical instruments, but banjos typically have four or five strings, whereas guitars typically they have six One of the earliest educational video games, The Oregon Trail, which first appeared in 1971, allows students to learn about life as 19th-century American pioneers Activity 18, pages 165–166 Possible answers: Flights that depart from San Francisco are often delayed because of the unpredictable fog that blankets the city OR The unpredictable fog that blankets San Francisco often causes flight to be delayed Aretha Franklin, who died in 2018, was an incredible singer, songwriter, and pianist OR An incredible singer, songwriter, and pianist, Aretha Franklin died in 2018 Although 51 million people live in the entire country of South Korea, the majority of the population lives in the province surrounding Seoul, which is the capital of the country OR 51 million people live in the entire country of South Korea, but the majority of the population lives in the province surrounding Seoul, which is the capital of the country Activity 19, page 166 Possible answers: Answer Key  15 Spam How many emails you receive every day that are unwanted offers or advertisements? Most of these emails are spam, commercial messages sent to a large number of recipients or posted in a large number of places Spam, which Flynn and Kahn (2003) define as “unsolicited e-mail that is neither wanted nor needed” by anyone, is a huge problem today In fact, spam threatens the entire email system Email is a vital method of communication today, but the annoying mountain of spam threatens to destroy this critically important tool If email is to continue to be useful, laws against spam must be strengthened and enforced to avoid the exploitation of e-mail Activity 20, page 167 b a Possible answers: The Chinese poet Cáo Xuěqín wrote Dream of the Red Chamber, which is considered one of China’s four great classical novels OR Dream of the Red Chamber, which was written by The Chinese poet Cáo Xuěqín, is considered to be among the four great classical novels to emerge from China Possible answers: Built in 1891, Al Jahili Fort of Abu Dhabi was used to defend palm groves and to house local governors OR Abu Dhabi has many interesting sites, including the Al Jahili Fort, which was built back in 1891 to defend palm groves and provide a residence for local governors Activity 21, pages 168–169 Answers will vary Unit Activity 1, page 173 b (Astronomy is too broad a topic for a research paper.) b (World peace is too broad and abstract a topic for a research paper.) a (A comparison of works by O Henry, William Shakespeare, and Stephen King is too broad a topic; also, the writers are from different historical eras and their works have little in common.) b (A comparison of job opportunities for women in Europe in 1815, 1915, and 2015 is an interesting topic, but would likely require more than 1,500 words to adequately explore.) a (The rules of basketball not require much research or interpretation.) Activity 2, page 174 Possible answers: Research topic: The benefits of artificial intelligence Possible questions: What are examples of artificial intelligence? How can these examples benefit humans? Are there any drawbacks of artificial intelligence? 16  Great Writing 5: From Great Essays to Research  Research topic: The connections between video games and teenage well-being Possible questions: How often teens play video games? What happens when teens play video games excessively? How can teens be encouraged to activities other than playing video games? Research topic: The causes of human migration Possible questions: What are the most common patterns of human migration? What are some internal reasons people migrate? What are some external reasons people migrate? Activity 3, page 176 Answers will vary Activity 4, page 176 Answers will vary Activity 5, page 177 They are arranged alphabetically, according to the last name of the author The last name and initial of the author are capitalized; the first words of the article’s title and subtitle are capitalized; all major words in the journal’s title are capitalized The book is Vocabulary myths: Applying second language research to the classroom (A journal entry includes the journal name, volume number, and page references for the specific article sourced) Applied Linguistics and The Modern Language Journal each have more than one entry The oldest source is Ott, Butler, Blake, and Ball’s “The effect of interactive-image elaboration on the acquisition of foreign language vocabulary.” The most recent source that is an article is Huckin and Coady’s “Incidental vocabulary acquisition in a second language.” (Folse’s Vocabulary myths is the most recent publication, but it is a book, not an article.) Multiple sources by the same author are sequenced by the date of publication Activity 6, page 178–179 Possible answers: The naming of our planets Thesis statement: When we learned the names of the planets in elementary school, most of us gave little thought to how the planets got their names, but the origin of these names is quite interesting How Europe shaped the map of Africa Thesis statement: If European countries had not set up their empires in Africa, the map of the entire continent would look very different today The meaning of O Henry’s short story “The Gift of the Magi” Thesis statement: In O Henry's "The Gift of the Magi," the central theme of sacrifice is evident in the actions of the two characters The greatest achievements of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi Thesis statement: Although some may want to focus on her role within India, the greatest achievements of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi were international The salaries of current professional basketball players Thesis statement: The salaries of professional basketball players may seem absurdly high, but there are good reasons that top players earn so much money Activity 7, page 181–185 Pre-reading questions: Possible answer: sea; The excerpt mentions a pirate Answers will vary Post-reading questions: The purpose of the research paper is to describe how the United States won the War of 1812 with the unexpected ally of a pirate Thesis statement: Lafitte’s efforts in the War of 1812 certainly helped to establish the United States as a world power, but history should neither overlook his criminality nor minimize his accomplishments Paragraph gives the background information There are three headers Nine sources are used There are seven direct quotations Activity 8, page 186 A very simple soup can be made with chicken, onions, tomatoes, water, salt, and pepper At midnight last night, the bill was still being considered (by senators) High-quality coffee is grown in several key countries, including Vietnam and Brazil Thousands of auto parts are produced by this factory every week A healthy salad can be made quite easily with any type of lettuce and some fresh vegetables For the past two weeks, serious problems with cell phone service have been experienced (by many customers) in the Toronto area More than a dozen new voting districts in Tennessee were created in the 1970s (by local governments) Most travelers are exhausted by driving from Miami to New York Activity 9, page 187 ally - friendly commence - start flourish - well fragile - weak hostile - unfriendly legitimate - lawful margin - edge notorious - negative spy - secret 10 ultimatum - last Activity 11, pages 188–189 all classes commence at a.m include a one-inch margin build a strong alliance flourish in a new environment a hostile environment an entirely legitimate business notorious for being late deliver an ultimatum an extremely fragile package 10 diplomatic relations Activity 12, page189 alliance allies / allied diplomatic diplomacy flourish flourishing legitimate legitimately notorious 10 notoriously Activity 13, page 190 Answers will vary Activity 14, pages 190–193 Online Courses As computers  become/have become increasingly important in education, many more online courses 2 are being offered/are offered by colleges and universities In this new type of education, some students never even 3 set foot on campus to earn a degree Online learning 4 has caused a revolution in education, but its benefits need 5 to be measured against its liabilities when it 6 is compared to traditional faceto-face instruction Students should not 7 assume that either online or face-to-face classes are superior Instead, students should 8 pay attention to the information they 9 need from a particular course and which type of learning 10 facilitates their education the best Activity 10, page 188 Step 1 No, you cannot select your own topic Yes, there is a specific topic Yes, you can modify the topic 1,000 words Three outside sources are required, including at least two sources from an academic journal The expected type of citation is not stated Steps 2-12 Answers will vary Answer Key  17