Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
The graph below shows the consumption of fish and different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words
The graph below shows the consumption of fish and different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The graph illustrates the quantities of fish and different kinds of meats consumed in a European country between the time period of 1979 and 2004 Over this span of 25 years, the consumption of beef, lamb and fish have all decreased while the consumption of chicken has dramatically risen The biggest consumption in 1979 was beef (about 220 grams per person was consumed every week) while the lowest consumption in 1979 was fish (around 60 gram per week was consumed by a person) The amount of fish which was eaten has remained almost constant at about 50 grams from 1979 and 2004 The trends of beef and lamb consumption were similar, with decreases in amount in between the years While beef consumption had declined from over 200 grams per person per week to around 100 grams during 25 years, lamb’s was starting 150 grams to approximately 50 grams at the same period In contrast, chicken consumption had grown up gradually to year of 194, reaching a peak at 250grams per person every week in between 1994 and 2004 The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65 or more in three countries over a period of 100 years It is clear that the proportion of elderly people increases in each country between 1940 and 2040 Japan is expected to see the most dramatic changes in its elderly population In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish people and 5% of Japanese people The proportions of elderly people in the USA and Sweden rose gradually over the next 50 years, reaching just under 15% in 1990 By contrast, the figures for Japan remained below 5% until the early 2000s Looking into the future, a sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people is predicted for Japan, with a jump of over 15% in just 10 years from 2030 to 2040 By 2040, it is thought that around 27% of the Japanese population will be 65 years old or more, while the figures for Sweden and the USA will be slightly lower, at about 25% and 23% respectively The graph below shows the number of Internet users as percentage of population Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries who used the Internet between 1999 and 2009 It is clear that the proportion of the population who used the Internet increased in each country over the period shown Overall, a much larger percentage of Canadians and Americans had access to the Internet in comparison with Mexicans, and Canada experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about 20% The figures for Canada and Mexico were lower, at about 10% and 5% respectively In 2005, Internet usage in both the USA and Canada rose to around 70% of the population, while the figure for Mexico reached just over 25% By 2009, the percentage of Internet users was highest in Canada Almost 100% of Canadians used the Internet, compared to about 80% of Americans and only 40% of Mexicans The bar chart shows the relative electricity consumption and cost per year of various household devices Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The bar chart compares the energy consumption and expense of operating 16 different items of household equipment Overall, we can see significant differences in both cost and consumption To begin with, there are some common household items which consume relatively little energy These include an electric blanket (approx $10 or 100kwh/year), a microwave oven (approx $15 or 150kwh/year) and a television (approx $17 or 170kwh/year) By contrast, devices that might be classified as ‘luxury’ items such as a pool pump or spa are comparatively expensive and energy-intensive, at nearly $125 or 1500kwh/year and around $190 or 2225kwh/year respectively It is interesting to note that even among household items normally considered alike, such as a microwave and refrigerator, there are enormous discrepancies in cost and energy use The former uses only around $15 or 150kwh/year, while the latter consumes at least six times that amount at $90 or 1150kwh/year In conclusion, it appears that there is no clear pattern in the relative energy consumption of domestic equipment, although households had better be aware of the high running costs of luxury items such as a pool pump and spa The bar chart below shows the percentage participation of men in senior development in three companies between 1980 and the year 2010 Summarise the information by selecting and report in the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The bar chart shows the percentage of men in senior development position in three companies from 1980 to 2010 While more men were in senior positions at Apple than other two companies in 1980 at 15%, the trend was fairly erratic with a 2% drop to 13% in 1985, followed by a rise of 1% five years later In 1995, men held 7% more top development jobs than in 1990 After a slight drop back to 19% in 2000, by 2010 25% of top posts were filled by men By contrast, at IBM men fared much better In 1980, 2% of senior posts were occupied by men with no change five years on By 1990, the figure had increased to 13%, doubling to 26 per cent in 1995 Five years afterwards, there was a 6% increase in male senior development jobs with a near twofold jump in 2010 to stand at 63%, the highest for the three companies The situation was less remarkable at Microsoft than the other two firms except for the year 2010 In 1980, the percentage of senior posts held by men was 8% climbing at the rate of 2% in each subsequent period until 2000, after which it leapt to 45% From the data, it is clear that men dominated senior posts at IBM by 2010 The table below gives information about consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The table illustrates the proportion of national expenditure in Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Turkey on three categories of items in 2002 Overall, all countries spent most on food, drinks and tobacco, which was almost three times that of the other items The lowest expenditure was on leisure and education in the five countries The expenditure of Turkey overall was higher than the other countries In terms of food, drinks and tobacco, Turkey spent the most at 32.14% The expenditure of Ireland was also high (28.91%) compared to Sweden which spent the least (15.77%) Spain and Italy spent 18.80% and 16.36% respectively Italy spent more than the other countries on clothing and footwear (9%) as opposed to the lowest expenditure which could be seen in Sweden at 5.40% The other three countries spent on average around 6.5% The lowest expenditure was on leisure and education which accounted for under 5% in all countries Turkey spent most on these items at just 4.35% of their national expenditure which is around double that of Spain who spent the least at just 1.98% The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The table shows data about the underground rail networks in six major cities The table compares the six networks in terms of their age, size and the number of people who use them each year Overall, it is clear that the three oldest underground systems are larger and serve significantly more passengers than the newer systems The London underground is the oldest system, having opened in 1863 It is also the largest system, with 394 kilometres of route The second largest system, in Paris, is only about half the size of the London underground, with 199 kilometres of route However, it serves more people per year While only third in terms of size, the Tokyo system is easily the most used, with 1927 million passengers per year Of the three newer networks, the Washington DC underground is the most extensive, with 126 kilometres of route, compared to only 11 kilometres and 28 kilometres for the Kyoto and Los Angeles systems The Los Angeles network is the newest, having opened in 2001, while the Kyoto network is the smallest and serves only 45 million passengers per year The table below shows changes in the numbers of residents cycling to work in different areas of the UK between 2001 and 2011 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The table compares the numbers of people who cycled to work in twelve areas of the UK in the years 2001 and 2011 Overall, the number of UK commuters who travelled to work by bicycle rose considerably over the 10-year period Inner London had by far the highest number of cycling commuters in both years In 2001, well over 43 thousand residents of inner London commuted by bicycle, and this figure rose to more than 106 thousand in 2011, an increase of 144% By contrast, although outer London had the second highest number of cycling commuters in each year, the percentage change, at only 45%, was the lowest of the twelve areas shown in the table Brighton and Hove saw the second biggest increase (109%) in the number of residents cycling to work, but Bristol was the UK’s second city in terms of total numbers of cycling commuters, with 8,108 in 2001 and 15,768 in 2011 Figures for the other eight areas were below the 10 thousand mark in both years The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared for sale in supermarkets and shops Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The picture illustrates the process of coffee manufacture and preparation for sale on the market It is clear that there are 11 stages in the production of coffee The process begins with the picking of coffee beans, and ends at the packing stage Looking at the coffee production process in detail, coffee beans must first be picked in the fields These beans are then dried, roasted, and cooled before being put in a grinding machine, which turns the beans into coffee granules At the sixth stage in the process, the ground coffee is mixed with hot water, and the resulting mixture is strained Next, the mixture is frozen and then passed once again through the grinder After that, the ground, frozen liquid is dried in a vacuum so that the water evaporates, leaving the coffee granules Finally, these granules are packed into coffee jars for delivery to shops The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled It is clear that there are six distinct stages in this process, from the initial collection of waste paper to the eventual production of usable paper At the first stage in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected either from paper banks, where members of the public leave their used paper, or directly from businesses This paper is then sorted by hand and separated according to its grade, with any paper that is not suitable for recycling being removed Next, the graded paper is transported to a paper mill Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning The paper is cleaned and pulped, and foreign objects such as staples are taken out Following this, all remnants of ink and glue are removed from the paper at the de-inking stage Finally, the pulp can be processed in a paper making machine, which makes the end product: usable paper The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven consecutive steps First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay Sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several dozen if not hundreds of bricks at a time The dried bricks are then transferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200C – 1300C This process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage The diagrams below shows the amount of money spent per person by average families over a twenty year period and the amount in grams consumed over time Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words The bar chart describes the expenditure per person per week spent on fast foods in UK while the line graph illustrates the trends in consumption of that from 1997 to 1990 As can be seen from the bar chart, expenditure on fast foods is broken down into income groups—high income, average income and low income In the high income groups, expenditure spent on hamburgers accounts for the biggest amount, reaching at just over 40 pence per person per week; while that spent on fish and chips, and pizza are nearly the same which are 17 pence and 19 pence respectively However, the amount of money spent on hamburgers in average income category falls, reaching at around 32 pence whereas consumptions for fish and chips increases to 25 and pizza has the lowest amount only occupies 11 pence In contrast, for the low income groups, none of these three types, however, has consumption beyond 20—hamburgers (14), fish and chips (18), and pizza (8) According to the line chart, the consumption of hamburgers saw a gradually increase from just under 100to over 500 grams by 1990 Unlike the hamburger trend, consumption of fish and chips in general gradually fell, from 300 to 230 over the same period In contract, pizza gradually increases gradually from 20 to 170 over the two decades, but consistently remains the least popular option Therefore, it is clear to see from the two graphs that the popularity of hamburgers increases greatly in general over the period, and seems to be most popular in particular with higher income people