Convection and Conduction Heat Transfer Edited by Amimul Ahsan Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ivana Lorkovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright ARENA Creative, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published September, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Convection and Conduction Heat Transfer, Edited by Amimul Ahsan p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-582-2 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Heat Convection 1 Chapter 1 A Mixed Convection Study in Inclined Channels with Discrete Heat Sources 3 Paulo M. Guimarães and Genésio J. Menon Chapter 2 Periodically Forced Natural Convection Through the Roof of an Attic-Shaped Building 33 Suvash Chandra Saha Chapter 3 Analysis of Mixed Convection in a Lid Driven Trapezoidal Cavity 55 M. A. H. Mamun, T. R. Tanim, M. M. Rahman, R. Saidur and Shuichi Nagata Chapter 4 Convective Heat Transfer of Unsteady Pulsed Flow in Sinusoidal Constricted Tube 83 J. Batina, S. Blancher, C. Amrouche, M. Batchi and R. Creff Chapter 5 Numerical Solution of Natural Convection Problems by a Meshless Method 107 Gregor Kosec and Božidar Šarler Chapter 6 Hydromagnetic Flow with Thermal Radiation 133 Cho Young Han and Se-Myong Chang Part 2 Heat Conduction 147 Chapter 7 Transient Heat Conduction in Capillary Porous Bodies 149 Nencho Deliiski VI Contents Chapter 8 Non-Linear Radiative-Conductive Heat Transfer in a Heterogeneous Gray Plane-Parallel Participating Medium 177 Marco T.M.B. de Vilhena, Bardo E.J. Bodmann and Cynthia F. Segatto Chapter 9 Optimization of the Effective Thermal Conductivity of a Composite 197 Hubert Jopek and Tomasz Strek Chapter 10 Computation of Thermal Conductivity of Gas Diffusion Layers of PEM Fuel Cells 215 Andreas Pfrang, Damien Veyret and Georgios Tsotridis Chapter 11 Analytical Methods for Estimating Thermal Conductivity of Multi-Component Natural Systems in Permafrost Areas 233 Rev I. Gavriliev Chapter 12 Heating in Biothermal Systems 257 Huang-Wen Huang and Chihng-Tsung Liauh Chapter 13 A Generalised RBF Finite Difference Approach to Solve Nonlinear Heat Conduction Problems on Unstructured Datasets 281 D. Stevens, A. LaRocca, H. Power and V. LaRocca Part 3 Heat Transfer Analysis 297 Chapter 14 Heat Transfer Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars 299 Rami A. Hawileh Chapter 15 Modelling of Heat Transfer and Phase Transformations in the Rapid Manufacturing of Titanium Components 315 António Crespo Chapter 16 Measurement of Boundary Conditions - Surface Heat Flux and Surface Temperature 341 Wei Liu Chapter 17 Properties and Numerical Modeling-Simulation of Phase Changes Material 349 Pavel Fiala, Ivo Behunek and Petr Drexler Chapter 18 Finite Element Methods to Optimize by Factorial Design the Solidification of Cu-5wt%Zn Alloy in a Sand Mold 377 Moisés Meza Pariona and Viviane Teleginski Preface The convection and conduction heat transfer, thermal conductivity, and phase transformations are significant issues in a design of wide range of industrial processes and devices. This book includes 18 advanced and revised contributions, and it covers mainly (1) heat convection, (2) heat conduction, and (3) heat transfer analysis. The first section introduces mixed convection studies on inclined channels, double diffusive coupling, and on lid driven trapezoidal cavity, forced natural convection through a roof, convection on non-isothermal jet oscillations, unsteady pulsed flow, and hydromagnetic flow with thermal radiation. The second section covers heat conduction in capillary porous bodies and in structures made of functionally graded materials, integral transforms for heat conduction problems, non-linear radiative-conductive heat transfer, thermal conductivity of gas diffusion layers and multi-component natural systems, thermal behavior of the ink, primer and paint, heating in biothermal systems, and RBF finite difference approach in heat conduction. The third section includes heat transfer analysis of reinforced concrete beam, modeling of heat transfer and phase transformations, boundary conditions- surface heat flux and temperature, simulation of phase change materials, and finite element methods of factorial design. The advanced idea and information described here will be fruitful for the readers to find a sustainable solution in an industrialized society. Acknowledgements All praise be to Almighty Allah, the Creator and the Sustainer of the world, the Most Beneficent, Most Benevolent, Most Merciful, and Master of the Day of Judgment. He is Omnipresent and Omnipotent. He is the King of all kings of the world. In His hand is all good. Certainly, over all things Allah hast power. The editor would like to express appreciation to all who have helped to prepare this book. The editor expresses his gratefulness to Ms. Ivana Lorkovic, Publishing Process Manager, InTech Open Access Publisher for its continued cooperation. In addition, the editor appreciatively remembers the assistance of all authors and reviewers of this book. X Preface Gratitude is expressed to Mrs. Ahsan, Ibrahim Bin Ahsan, Mother, Father, Mother-in- Law, Father-in-Law, and Brothers and Sisters for their endless inspirations, mental supports and also necessary help whenever any difficulty. Amimul Ahsan, Ph.D. Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University Putra Malaysia Malaysia . Convection and Conduction Heat Transfer, Edited by Amimul Ahsan p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-582-2 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Heat Convection 1 Chapter 1 A Mixed Convection. book includes 18 advanced and revised contributions, and it covers mainly (1) heat convection, (2) heat conduction, and (3) heat transfer analysis. The first section introduces mixed convection. Convection and Conduction Heat Transfer 6 number (Re), the Grashof number (Gr), and the inclination angle (γ). B = H, and L = 15 H. Two heat sources: Two constant-flux heat sources, q’ 1 and