ADVANCED TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES IN WIMAX Edited by Roberto C. Hincapie and Javier E. Sierra Advanced Transmission Techniques in WiMAX Edited by Roberto C. Hincapie and Javier E. Sierra Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Tajana Jevtic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published December, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advanced Transmission Techniques in WiMAX, Edited by Roberto C. Hincapie and Javier E. Sierra p. cm. 978-953-307-965-3 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Part 1 Advanced Transmission Techniques, Antennas and Space-Time Coding 1 Chapter 1 Hexa-Band Multi-Standard Planar Antenna Design for Wireless Mobile Terminal 3 Yu-Jen Chi and Chien-Wen Chiu Chapter 2 CPW-Fed Antennas for WiFi and WiMAX 19 Sarawuth Chaimool and Prayoot Akkaraekthalin Chapter 3 A Reconfigurable Radial Line Slot Array Antenna for WiMAX Application 49 Mohd Faizal Jamlos Chapter 4 Reduction of Nonlinear Distortion in Multi-Antenna WiMAX Systems 59 Peter Drotár, Juraj Gazda, Dušan Kocur and Pavol Galajda Chapter 5 MicroTCA Compliant WiMAX BS Split Architecture with MIMO Capabilities Support Based on OBSAI RP3-01 Interfaces 77 Cristian Anghel and Remus Cacoveanu Chapter 6 Space-Time Adaptation and MIMO Standardization Status 103 Ismael Gutiérrez and Faouzi Bader Part 2 Physical Layer Models and Performance 129 Chapter 7 Hybrid ARQ Utilizing Lower Rate Retransmission over MIMO Wireless Systems 131 Cheng-Ming Chen and Pang-An Ting VI Contents Chapter 8 On Efficiency of ARQ and HARQ Entities Interaction in WiMAX Networks 147 Zdenek Becvar and Pavel Mach Chapter 9 Performance Analysis and Noise Immunity WiMax Radio Channel 165 Oleksii Strelnitskiy, Oleksandr Strelnitskiy, Oleksandra Dudka, Oleksandr Tsopa and Vladimir Shokalo Chapter 10 On PAPR Reduction Techniques in Mobile WiMAX 191 Imran Baig and Varun Jeoti Chapter 11 Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems 217 Pooria Varahram and Borhanuddin Mohd Ali Chapter 12 Design and Implementation of WiMAX Baseband System 239 Zhuo Sun, Xu Zhu, Rui Chen, Zhuoyi Chen and Mingli Peng Chapter 13 Performance Evaluation of WiMAX System Using Different Coding Techniques 265 M. Shokair, A. Ebian, and K. H. Awadalla Part 3 Mobile WiMAX Techniques and Interconnection with Other Technologies 295 Chapter 14 Interaction and Interconnection Between 802.16e & 802.11s 297 Tarek Bchini and Mina Ouabiba Chapter 15 Inter-Domain Handover in WiMAX Networks Using Optimized Fast Mobile IPv6 319 Seyyed Masoud Seyyedoshohadaei, Borhanuddin Mohd Ali and Sabira Khatun Preface This book has been prepared to present the state of the art on WiMAX Technology. The focus of the book is the physical layer, and it collects the contributions of many important researchers around the world. So many different works on WiMAX show the great worldwide importance of WiMAX as a wireless broadband access technology. This book is intended for readers interested in the transmission process under WiMAX. All chapters include both theoretical and technical information, which provides an in-depth review of the most recent advances in the field, for engineers and researchers, and other readers interested in WiMAX. In the first section, Advanced Transmission Techniques, readers will find chapters on modern antennas design for future WiMAX communications and the transmission enhancements achieved by space-time coding. In the second section, Physical Layer Models, there are several chapters on the Automatic Repeat Request process and the common Peak to Average Power Ratio problem for OFDM modulation. Finally, in the third section the reader will find chapters related to mobile WiMAX problems, handover processes and interaction with other technologies. Prof. Roberto C. Hincapie & Prof. Javier E. Sierra Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia [...]... band antenna is shown in Fig 6 The input impedance can be adjusted by changing the 8 Advanced Transmission Techniques in WiMAX length of the shorting strip Ls In this case, Ls is selected to be 22.5 mm to have the widest bandwidth at both lower and upper band Fig 5 A dual band inverted-F main resonator 5 0 │S 11 (dB) -5 -10 -15 Ls = 34.5 mm Ls = 22.5 mm Ls = 10 .5 mm -20 -25 0.5 1 1.5 Frequency (GHz).. .Part 1 Advanced Transmission Techniques, Antennas and Space-Time Coding 1 Hexa-Band Multi-Standard Planar Antenna Design for Wireless Mobile Terminal 1Department Yu-Jen Chi1 and Chien-Wen Chiu2 of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, of Electric Engineering, National Ilan University, Taiwan 2Department 1 Introduction Electronic devices such as... 270 0 -35 -25 -15 -5 5 90270 18 0 -35 0 -25 -15 -5 5 90270 -25 -15 -5 5 18 0 18 0 x-y plane -35 x-z plane y-z plane (a) 925 MHz 0 0 270 -35 -25 -15 -5 5 90270 -35 0 -25 -15 -5 5 90270 18 0 18 0 x-y plane -35 -25 -15 -5 5 -15 -5 5 90 18 0 x-z plane y-z plane (b) 217 0 MHz 0 270 -35 0 -25 18 0 x-y plane -15 -5 5 90270 -35 0 -25 -15 18 0 x-z plane (c) 2650 MHz -5 5 90270 -35 -25 18 0 y-z plane 90 90 ... -35 = = = = 13 mm 15 mm 17 mm 19 mm -40 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Frequency (GHz) Fig 8 Parameter study with different length of the parasitic resonator 3 10 Advanced Transmission Techniques in WiMAX To demonstrate the effect of the parasitic element covering from 19 00 MHz to 2700 MHz, Fig 8 shows the parameter study of the proposed antennas with different length of the parasitic element By Investigating the Smith... Parasitic Element 1 Feeding Point 10 0 mm Shorting Strip Dual Band Main Resonator z x y Ground Plane Parasitic Element 2 m 50m (a) (b) Fig 1 The proposed antenna (a) Three-dimensional configuration of the proposed antenna (b) Plane view of the antenna structure 6 Advanced Transmission Techniques in WiMAX 2 Antenna design 2 .1 Design of a dual-band antenna Modern mobile terminals require small and thin design,... by R King in 19 60 as a shunt-driven inverted-L antennatransmission line with open-end (king et al., 19 60) The PIFA, which is constructed by replacing the linear radiator element of IFA with a planar radiator element, can also be evolved from a microstrip antenna Taga first investigated PIFA’s performance for 800MHz band portable unit radio in 19 87 (Taga & Tsunekawa, 19 87) He also wrote a chapter in his... resonator A in Fig 10 (a) demonstrates that the 1. 5 wavelength mode generates at the resonating frequency The vector current distribution is shown in Fig 11 (a) Second, the loop resonator E in Fig 1( b) is designed as a onewavelength rectangular loop antenna The perimeter of the loop antenna (25.5 mm + 1 mm + Hexa-Band Multi-Standard Planar Antenna Design for Wireless Mobile Terminal 11 25.5 mm + 1 mm) is... frequency 5.59 GHz (53.67 mm) Fig 10 (b) shows surface current distributions at the resonating frequency 5.59 GHz, The vector current distribution shown in Fig 11 (b) demonstrates that one-wavelength loop mode is excited on the resonator E (a) (b) Fig 10 Surface current distribution at (a) 5.20 and (b) 5.59 GHz 12 Advanced Transmission Techniques in WiMAX (a) (b) Fig 11 Victor current distributions at... are 80 MHz (880–960 MHz) in the GSM band, 10 00 MHz (17 00–2700 MHz) in the DCS/PCS/UMTS/WiFi /WiMAX band and 12 70 MHz (4820–6090 MHz) in the 5 GHz UNII band When ground plane length varies from 80 mm to 12 0 mm, frequency shifting is slight (Chi, 2009) (a) (b) Fig 12 Photography of the fabricated antenna (a) top view, (b) side view 5 Return Loss │S 11 (dB) (dB) 0 -6dB -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 Simulated... is 4.4 and the thickness is 1. 58 mm As shown in Fig 1( b), this radiating structure measures 50 mm × 12 mm × 1. 5 mm and can be extended to a single metallic plate It is basically an inverted-F antenna in which the quarter-wavelength characteristic is obtained thanks to a short-circuited metallic strip As indicated in Fig 1( b), this design comprises a direct-feed dual band main resonator with two branches . (17 10 -18 80 MHz), PCS (18 50 -19 90 MHz), UMTS 210 0 (19 20- 217 0 MHz), WLAN + Bluetooth (2400-2480 MHz), WiMAX (2500-2690 MHz), HiperLAN/2 in Europe ( 515 0-5350 / 5470-5725 MHz) and IEEE 802 .11 a in. 802 .16 e & 802 .11 s 297 Tarek Bchini and Mina Ouabiba Chapter 15 Inter-Domain Handover in WiMAX Networks Using Optimized Fast Mobile IPv6 319 Seyyed Masoud Seyyedoshohadaei, Borhanuddin. ADVANCED TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES IN WIMAX Edited by Roberto C. Hincapie and Javier E. Sierra Advanced Transmission Techniques in WiMAX Edited by Roberto C. Hincapie