Key engineering materials  volume i  current state of the art on novel materials

K Haghi and M C Bignozzi 5 A New Generation of Composite Solid Propellants

University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

Department of Textile Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

E-mail: hasanzadeh_mahdi@yahoo.com

Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology Gulbahce, Urla-35430 İzmir, Turkey.

E-mail: devrimbalkose@iyte.edu.tr

Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.

WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.

Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

N N Semenov’s Institute of Chemical Physics, RAS, Kosygin str 4, Moscow-119996, Russian Federation.

A N Bach’s Institute of Biochemistry, RAS, Leninskiy pr 33, Moscow-119071, Russian Federation.

Vipo a.s., Gen.Svobodu 1069/4, 95801 Partizánske, Slovakia.

G Karpovaa, A L Iordanskiib, A A Popova, M Lomakina, and N G Shilkina 9 Key Concepts on Transforming Magnetic Photocatalyst to

Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul Kosygina 4, Moscow-119991,

E-mail: livanova@sky.chph.ras.ru

Institute of Applied Mechanics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 32 A, Moscow-119991,

Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural Academy, Nal’chik-360030, Tarchokov st., 1 a, Russian Federation.

Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul Kosygina 4, Moscow-11999,1

L Iordanskii, G Bonartseva, Yu N Pankova1, S Z Rogovina1, K Z Gumargalieva1, G E Zaikov, and Berlin 13 Key Concepts on Growth and Characterization of Metal Nano-Sized Branched Structures

Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

N M Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin str 4,

E-mail: lomakin@sky.chph.ras.ru

Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.

Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran

Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava 45, Slovakia.

Filiz Ozmıhỗı Omurlu İzmir Institute of Technology Chemical Engineering Department 35430, Gỹlbahỗe kửyỹ, Urla, İzmir

E-mail: filizozmihci@iyte.edu.tr

G V Plekhanov Russian Economic University, 36 Stremyannyi way, Moscow-17997, Russia.

N N Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin str 4,

Director of the Institute for Research of Composite Elastomer Materials.

Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Department of Elastomers and Rubber Technol- ogy in Piastów.

N N Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin str 4,

Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technologies and New Materials Research Institute

(ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab

Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia

Ceramic Technology Department, Materials and Minerals Division (MMD), National Institute for In- terdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),

Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi.

AIB Ślączka, Szpura, Dytko spółka jawna, Knurów

Institute of Experimental Pharmacology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.

High voltage electron microscopy station, National Institute for Materials Science, 3–13 Sakura,

Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Heyrovsky sq 2, 162 53 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

Department of Polymers, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

(ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA- City), New Borg El-Arab

Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology Gulbahce, Urla 35430 İzmir, Turkey.

Mechanical Engineering Department, Imam hosein University, Tehran, Iran.

Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai-980-8577, Japan.

Aerospace Engineering Department, Imam hosein University, Tehran, Iran.

N M Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin str 4,

E-mail: chembio@sky.chph.ras.ru

N M Emanuel’s Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow-119996, Russia

AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

APEP Ammonium Perchlorate Experimental Plant

ATR-FTIR Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

CVID Common variable immune deficiency

DMTA Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis

EBID Electron-beam-induced deposition

EPDM Ethylene-propylene-diene elastomer

EXAFS Extended X-ray absorption fine structure

FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

KTGF Kinetic theory granular flow model

MALDI-TOF Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight

MUPF Melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde

NEPE Nitrate ester plasticized polyether

OSA Objective-based simulated annealing

OWRK Owens–Wendt–Rabel–Kaelble method pBQ Para-benzoquinone

PPMS Physical property measurement system

PSA Pixel-based simulated annealing

PIS Poly(imide-co-siloxane)

PEFC Polymer electrolyte fuel cell

PEMFC Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

PEMFC Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

SPIP Scanning probe image processor

SAED Selected area electron diffraction

SCID Severe combined immune deficiency

TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alfa

Materials exhibiting multifield coupling properties play a crucial role in contemporary science and technology, with diverse applications across various industrial sectors This book compiles accepted papers that focus on essential engineering materials The analysis and utilization of these materials can be examined at different scales, highlighting their significance in both engineering and scientific advancements.

Different parts of the research presented here were partially conducted by the authors.

The book is intended for researchers, engineers, designers and students interested in the materials and their use in engineering and science.

The fundamental aims of the book are:

• To expand design horizons with a thorough, interdisciplinary knowledge of materials science;

• To cover a more complete and broad spectrum of current problems and scientific researches in the area of the design of materials and structures;

• To highlight an entire range of possibilities of the use of various chemical materials for different problems encountered in practice—it demonstrates the advisability and sense of their use;

• To focus on the importance and significance of taking into account advanced materials and further in the optimization of their properties.

— Devrim Balkửse, PhD, Daniel Horak, PhD, and Ladislav Šoltés, DSc

PETER JURKOVIČ, JÁN MATYŠOVSKÝ, PETER DUCHOVIČ, and

1.2 Determination of Mathematical Modelling (Kinetics) of Polycondensation

Reactions Control Algorithms and Reactor Dynamics 2

1.3 Determination of Adhesives Compositions and Optimization of Protein

This article focuses on developing mathematical models to analyze the kinetics of polycondensation reactions involving protein hydrolysates and specific crosslinking agents, emphasizing the impact of free formaldehyde and phenol content in the final products Additionally, it aims to optimize adhesive formulations for enhanced performance in the wood processing industry.

Dried collagen hydrolysates were laboratory prepared at Liptospol Liptovský

Mikuláš, Slovak producer of leather and leather glue, Gelima Liptovský Mikuláš,

A Slovak producer of food and technical gelatine collaborated with CSIC Barcelona in Spain to develop leather glue through an oxidation method using chrome tanned shavings This research aimed to assess the impact of the glue on formaldehyde emissions as well as the physical and mechanical properties of board materials Hydrolysates were utilized in the experiments to create adhesive mixtures that incorporated biopolymers and additional additives.

An analytical study of powdered collagen hydrolysate from chromium shavings, sourced from CSIC Barcelona, demonstrated that chromium was not detectable using atomic absorptive spectrophotometry at sensitivities below 0.0012 ppm Application trials conducted at the Technical University of Zvolen aimed to assess the impact of various mixtures on the ecological, physical, and mechanical properties of plywood The research also explored the preparation of collagen samples for use in alternative adhesives, including polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polyurethane (PUR), as well as the potential for utilizing modified collagen and keratin hydrolysates as raw materials for polycondensation resins.

1.2 DETERMINATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELLING (KINETICS)

OF POLYCONDENSATION REACTIONS CONTROL ALGORITHMS AND

This article focuses on the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of kinetic thermodynamic data for polycondensation reactions involving urea-formaldehyde (UF), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), and melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins Additionally, it explores the effects of incorporating protein hydrolysate into these resin systems.

Under VIPO conditions, we conducted research to optimize the polycondensation kinetics of UF and PF adhesives by incorporating biopolymers This study assessed the impact of these additions on the physical and mechanical properties of the adhesives, as well as their formaldehyde emissions.

• The way of preparation of collagen and keratin hydrolysates,

• Selection of analytic parameters of biopolymers evaluation, content of inorganic salts, and viscosity,

• Determination of optimal concentration of biopolymer in adhesive mixtures,

• The way of biopolymer modification,

• Temperature and time of polycondensation, condensation time.

Collagen hydrolysates were prepared for use in polycondensation adhesives through various hydrolysis methods, including acid hydrolysis using agents like HCl, H2SO4, and formic acid, as well as alkaline hydrolysis with NaOH and Ca(OH)2 Additionally, enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted using alkaline protease and trypsin, along with the application of lyotropic agents such as urea and CaCl2.

Preparation and Properties of Animal Protein Hydrolysates 3

The optimal technology for polycondensation adhesives involves the addition of proteolytic enzymes and lyotropic agents like urea Collagen hydrolysate, characterized by a neutral pH and minimal inorganic salt content, requires a concentration of at least 40% dry matter However, the condensation time of adhesive mixtures significantly worsened, with a 100% increase in condensation time at 100°C compared to standard conditions To enhance polycondensation kinetics, collagen hydrolysates were modified using organic and inorganic acids, adjusting the pH to values of 1 to 5 Optimal condensation times were achieved at pH 4, comparable to the standard at 57-65 seconds at 100°C Modifying the hydrolysate to a pH below 3 reduced workability time dramatically, ranging from approximately 15 minutes at pH 1 to around 3 hours at pH values less than 3.

Collagen hydrolysate with a dry content of 40% should be a viscous liquid during processing, rather than a semi-rigid gel To standardize the hydrolysis time and determine the molecular weight, it is essential to measure the viscosity.

Laboratory trials demonstrated that incorporating up to 5% modified collagen hydrolysate into adhesive formulations does not negatively affect the physical and mechanical properties of the final products, while also significantly lowering formaldehyde emissions.

The optimal polycondensation temperature for UF adhesive mixtures with hydrolysate addition is between 120–140°C However, temperatures of 160°C for durations of 30 to 60 minutes lead to the degradation of the hardener, resulting in increased formaldehyde levels in the cured resins.

Biopolymers have been effectively applied to phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives through the preparation of keratin hydrolysates using oxidation and reduction technology in an alkaline medium The concentrated hydrolysates, with a dry content of 20–30% and a pH of at least 10, demonstrated positive results when dosed up to 10% These hydrolysates exhibited favorable physical and mechanical properties, optimal viscosity for adhesive mixtures, and adequate storage stability.

Presented possibilities of application of biopolymers describe the kinetics of polycondensation of commercially produced adhesives, (Diakol M1––UF adhesive and

Fenokol A (PF adhesive) properties are influenced by the modification method, temperature, and duration of the process Additionally, current research is exploring the use of biopolymers in the synthesis of polycondensation adhesives.

1.3 DETERMINATION OF ADHESIVES COMPOSITIONS AND

OPTIMIZATION OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE COMPOSITIONS

To achieve optimal quality in adhesive joints for wood processing, it is essential to modify adhesive compound recipes based on previous analyses and trials This process includes the preparation of adhesive compounds alongside the necessary mechanical and chemical testing to ensure performance and reliability.

A series of comparative trials were conducted using hydrolysate samples from CSIC Barcelona to evaluate the ecological, physical, and mechanical parameters of adhesive mixtures made from three types of collagen biopolymers.

With the evaluation of the influence of collagen hydrolysate prepared by oxidation method from Cr-shavings on formaldehyde emission.

Comparative measurements of powdered samples of collagen hydrolysates from

V Kozlov, Yu Yanovskii, and E Zaikov 22 Nanofiller in Elastomeric Matrix–Structure and Properties

Multifield coupling materials play a crucial role in contemporary science and technology, impacting various industrial sectors This book compiles accepted papers that focus on essential engineering materials, highlighting their significance across different scales of analysis and application in both engineering and scientific domains.

This article focuses on developing mathematical models to analyze the kinetics of polycondensation reactions involving protein hydrolysates and specific crosslinking agents, while also considering the levels of free formaldehyde and phenol in the final products Additionally, it emphasizes the optimization of adhesive compositions to enhance their suitability for use in the wood processing industry.

A collaboration between a Slovak producer of food and technical gelatine and CSIC Barcelona in Spain focused on developing leather glue through an oxidation method using chrome-tanned shavings This study aimed to assess the impact of these adhesives on formaldehyde emissions, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of board materials Hydrolysates were utilized in the preparation of adhesive mixtures, incorporating biopolymers and additional additives for enhanced performance.

Analytic analysis of powdered collagen hydrolysate from Cr-shavings at CSIC Barcelona revealed no detectable chromium using atomic absorptive spectrophotometry with a sensitivity threshold of less than 0.0012 ppm Application trials conducted at the Technical University of Zvolen assessed the impact of selected biopolymer mixtures on the ecological, physical, and mechanical properties of plywood Additionally, the preparation of collagen samples for experimental use in adhesives, such as polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polyurethane (PUR), was explored, along with the potential for directly utilizing modified collagen and keratin hydrolysates as raw materials for producing polycondensation resins.

This article focuses on the acquisition, processing, and analysis of kinetic thermodynamic data associated with polycondensation reactions involving urea-formaldehyde (UF), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), and melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins Additionally, it explores modifications made to these resins through the incorporation of protein hydrolysate.

Under VIPO conditions, research was conducted to optimize the polycondensation kinetics of UF and PF adhesives by incorporating biopolymers This study evaluated the impact of these additives on the physical and mechanical properties of the adhesives, as well as their formaldehyde emissions.

Collagen hydrolysates were prepared for use in polycondensation adhesives through various methods, including acid hydrolysis with agents such as HCl, H2SO4, HCOOH, and Al2(SO4)3; alkaline hydrolysis using NaOH and Ca(OH)2; enzymatic hydrolysis utilizing alkaline protease and trypsin; and the application of lyotropic agents like urea and CaCl2.

In the development of polycondensation adhesives, the optimal technology involves the incorporation of proteolytic enzymes and lyotropic agents like urea Collagen hydrolysate, characterized by a neutral pH and minimal inorganic salt content, requires a minimum of 40% dry matter concentration However, measurements indicate that the condensation time of adhesive mixtures significantly deteriorates, with the rate of polycondensation extending by up to 100% at 100°C compared to standard conditions To enhance polycondensation kinetics, collagen hydrolysates were modified using organic acids such as formic acid and inorganic acids including hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, with pH levels adjusted to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Optimal condensation times were achieved at pH 4, comparable to standard times of 57-65 seconds at 100°C, while modifications to pH levels below 3 reduced workability time from approximately 15 minutes at pH 1 to about 3 hours at pH levels less than 3.

Collagen hydrolysate, containing 40% dry matter, should be a viscous liquid during processing rather than a semi-rigid gel To ensure proper standardization of hydrolysis time and molecular weight, measuring viscosity is essential.

Laboratory trials have confirmed that incorporating up to 5% modified collagen hydrolysate into adhesive formulations does not negatively impact the physical and mechanical properties of the products, while also significantly lowering formaldehyde emissions.

The optimal polycondensation temperature for UF adhesive mixtures containing hydrolysate is between 120°C and 140°C However, temperatures of 160°C for durations of 30 to 60 minutes can lead to the degradation of the hardener, resulting in increased formaldehyde levels in the cured resins.

Biopolymers were successfully applied to phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives using keratin hydrolysates prepared through oxidation and reduction in an alkaline medium The concentrated hydrolysates, with a dry matter content of 20-30% and a pH range of 5 to 10, demonstrated favorable physical and mechanical properties When dosed up to 10%, these hydrolysates resulted in adhesive mixtures with optimal viscosity and sufficient storage stability.

Fenokol A, a PF adhesive, varies in performance based on its modification method, temperature, and curing time Additionally, current research is exploring the use of biopolymers in the synthesis of polycondensation adhesives.

To achieve optimal quality in adhesive joints for wood processing applications, it is essential to modify adhesive compound recipes based on prior analyses and trials This involves the careful preparation of adhesive compounds, followed by rigorous mechanical and chemical testing to ensure performance and reliability.

Comparative trials were conducted using hydrolysate samples from CSIC Barcelona to evaluate the ecological, physical, and mechanical properties of adhesive mixtures derived from three types of collagen biopolymers.

M Livanova and S G Karpova 29 A Study on Carbon Nanotubes Structure in Polymer

M Zhirikova, V Aloev, G V., Kozlov and G E Zaikov 30 Key Elements on Synthesis, Structure, Physicochemical Properties, and

A Babkin and G E Zaikov 31 Immune System: Components and Disorders

Volgograd State Architect-build University.

Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce, Urla-35430 İzmir, Turkey.

Dipartimento di Chimica Applicata e Scienza dei Materiali, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Bologna,

A N Bach’s Institute of Biochemistry, RAS, Leninskiy pr 33, Moscow

AIB Ślączka, Szpura, Dytko spółka jawna Knurów

Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Department of Elastomers and Rubber Technol- ogy in Piastow.

Osmangazi Korkut Ata Universitesi Kimya Mỹhendisliği Bửlỹmỹ, Osmangazi, Turkey.

E-mail: demirrhasan.hd@gmail.com

Vipo a.s., Gen Svobodu 1069/4, 95801 Partizánske, Slovakia.

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria.

(ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA–City), New Borg El-Arab

Department of Chemical Engineering, Sỹleyman Demirel ĩniversitesi, Isparta, Turkey.

University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

E-mail: hasanzadeh_mahdi@yahoo.com

Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology Gulbahce, Urla-35430 İzmir, Turkey.

Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.

WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.

Materials exhibiting multifield coupling properties play a crucial role in contemporary science and technology, impacting various industrial sectors This book compiles accepted papers that focus on essential engineering materials The analysis and application of these materials can be examined at different scales, highlighting their significance in both engineering and scientific advancements.

This article focuses on developing mathematical models to analyze the kinetics of polycondensation reactions involving protein hydrolysates and specific crosslinking agents, considering the levels of free formaldehyde and phenol in the final products Additionally, it emphasizes optimizing adhesive formulations to enhance their effectiveness in the wood processing industry.

A collaboration between a Slovak producer of food and technical gelatine and CSIC Barcelona in Spain focused on developing leather glue through an oxidation method using chrome-tanned shavings The study aimed to assess the impact of this glue on formaldehyde emissions and the physical and mechanical properties of board materials Hydrolysates were utilized in the experiments to create adhesive mixtures incorporating biopolymers and additional additives.

Analytic analysis of powdered collagen hydrolysate from Cr-shavings, sourced from CSIC Barcelona, revealed that chromium was not detectable using atomic absorptive spectrophotometry, with a sensitivity threshold below 0.0012 ppm Application trials conducted at the Technical University of Zvolen aimed to assess the impact of selected biopolymer mixtures on the ecological, physical, and mechanical properties of plywood Additionally, the preparation of collagen samples for use in various adhesives, including polyvinylacetate (PVAc) and polyurethane (PUR), was explored, along with the potential for direct application of modified collagen and keratin hydrolysates as raw materials for polycondensation resin production.

This article focuses on the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of kinetic thermodynamic data for polycondensation reactions involving urea-formaldehyde (UF), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF), and similar resins enhanced by the incorporation of protein hydrolysate.

In VIPO conditions, we conducted studies to ensure the optimal polycondensation kinetics of UF and PF adhesives by incorporating biopolymers, assessing their impact on physical and mechanical properties as well as formaldehyde emissions.

Collagen hydrolysates were prepared for use in polycondensation adhesives through various methods, including acid hydrolysis using agents like HCl, H2SO4, and formic acid, as well as alkaline hydrolysis with NaOH and Ca(OH)2 Additionally, enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted using alkaline protease and trypsin, along with the application of lyotropic agents such as urea and CaCl2.

For optimal polycondensation adhesives, the incorporation of proteolytic enzymes and lyotropic agents like urea is essential Collagen hydrolysate, characterized by a neutral pH and low inorganic salt content, requires a minimum concentration of 40% dry matter However, testing revealed that the condensation time of adhesive mixtures significantly increased, with a 100% extension at 100°C compared to standard rates To enhance polycondensation kinetics, collagen hydrolysates were modified using organic acids (formic acid) and inorganic acids (HCl, H2SO4, Al2(SO4)3), while gradually adjusting the pH to values of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Optimal condensation times were achieved at pH 4, aligning with standard rates of 57–65 seconds at 100°C Notably, hydrolysates modified to a pH below 3 reduced workability time dramatically, ranging from approximately 15 minutes at pH 1 to about 3 hours at pH values below 3.

Collagen hydrolysate with a dry content of 40% must be a viscous liquid during processing, rather than a semi-rigid gel To standardize the hydrolysis time and determine molecular weight, it is essential to measure the viscosity.

Laboratory trials have demonstrated that incorporating up to 5% modified collagen hydrolysate into adhesive formulations does not negatively impact the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting products, while also significantly decreasing formaldehyde emissions.

The optimal temperature for the polycondensation of UF adhesive mixtures with hydrolysate addition is between 120°C and 140°C However, heating at 160°C for 30 to 60 minutes leads to the degradation of the hardener, resulting in an increased formaldehyde content in the cured resins.

Biopolymers were integrated into phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives through the preparation of keratin hydrolysates using oxidation and reduction technology in an alkaline medium The concentrated hydrolysates, with a dry content of 20-30% and a pH of at least 10, demonstrated favorable physical and mechanical properties When dosed up to 10%, these hydrolysates resulted in optimal viscosity for adhesive mixtures and ensured adequate storage life.

Fenokol A, a PF adhesive, can be modified based on various factors such as modification method, temperature, and time Currently, there is also potential for utilizing biopolymers in the synthesis of polycondensation adhesives.

To achieve optimal adhesive joint quality in wood processing applications, it is essential to modify adhesive recipe formulations based on prior analyses and trial results This process includes the preparation of adhesive compounds, followed by rigorous mechanical and chemical testing to ensure performance and reliability.

A series of comparative trials were conducted using hydrolysate samples from CSIC Barcelona to evaluate the ecological, physical, and mechanical properties of adhesive mixtures made from three types of collagen biopolymers.

Tiêu đề	Current State of the Art on Novel Materials
Tác giả	Devrim Balkửse, PhD, Daniel Horak, PhD, Ladislav Šoltộs, DSc, A. K. Haghi, PhD, Gennady E. Zaikov, DSc
Trường học	Apple Academic Press
Thể loại	book
Năm xuất bản	2014
Thành phố	Toronto

Định dạng
Số trang	566
Dung lượng	28,22 MB